elec. 2 - chronic illness
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Chronic Illness and Care of the ElderlyTRANSCRIPT
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Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & WilkinsCopyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
CARE OF THE CHRONICALLY ILL
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Chronic Illness
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Chronic Conditions • Occur in people of every age,
socioeconomic level, culture• Medical conditions or health problems with
associated symptoms that require long-term (3 months or longer) management
• Conditions that do not resolve or for which complete cures are rare
• Management: people must learn to live with symptoms or disabilities, carry out lifestyle changes or treatment regimens
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MYTHS AND TRUTHS ABOUT CHRONIC DISEASE
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MYTHS AND TRUTHS ABOUT CHRONIC DISEASE
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MYTHS AND TRUTHS ABOUT CHRONIC DISEASE
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MYTHS AND TRUTHS ABOUT CHRONIC DISEASE
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MYTHS AND TRUTHS ABOUT CHRONIC DISEASE
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MYTHS AND TRUTHS ABOUT CHRONIC DISEASE
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MYTHS AND TRUTHS ABOUT CHRONIC DISEASE
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MYTHS AND TRUTHS ABOUT CHRONIC DISEASE
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MYTHS AND TRUTHS ABOUT CHRONIC DISEASE
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MYTHS AND TRUTHS ABOUT CHRONIC DISEASE
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Causes of the Increase in Chronic Conditions
• Decrease in mortality from infectious diseases
• Lifestyle factors• Longer lifespans• Improved screening, diagnostic
procedures
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Characteristics of Chronic Conditions
• Managing chronic illness involves more than treating medical problems
• Usually involve different phases over person's lifetime to which person must adapt
• Persistent adherence to therapeutic regimens
• One chronic disease can lead to development of other chronic conditions
• Chronic illness affects entire family
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Characteristics of Chronic Conditions (cont’d)
• Day-to-day management of illness largely responsibility of people with chronic disorders, their families
• Management of chronic conditions: process of discovery
• Management– Collaborative– Expensive
• Ethical issues may be raised• Living with chronic illness means living with
uncertainty
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Implications for Managing Chronic Conditions
• Importance of prevention• Lifestyle changes/interventions to prevent
chronic disease• Once disease occurs, focus shifts to:
– Managing symptoms– Avoiding complications – Avoiding acute illness– Promoting health– Maintaining functional status
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Question• When is a medical condition
considered chronic?A.1 monthB.3 monthsC.1 dayD.3 days
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Answer• B. 3 months• Rationale: Medical or health
problems with associated symptoms or disabilities that require long-term management 3 months or longer are considered chronic.
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Phases of Chronic Conditions
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Phases of Chronic Conditions
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Phases of Chronic Conditions
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Phases of Chronic Conditions
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Challenges of Living with Chronic Illness
• Alleviate, manage symptoms• Psychologically adjust to, physically
accommodate disabilities• Prevent, manage crises,
complications• Carry out regimens as prescribed• Validate individual self-worth, family
functioning• Manage threats to identity
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Challenges of Living with Chronic Illness (cont’d)
• Normalize personal, family life as much as possible
• Live with altered time, social isolation, loneliness
• Establish networks of support, resources that can enhance quality of life
• Return to satisfactory way of life after acute debilitating episode or reactivation of chronic condition
• Die with dignity, comfort
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Use of Nursing Process
• Identify specific problems, trajectory phase• Establish, prioritize goals• Define plan of action to achieve desired
outcomes• Implement plan, interventions
– Adhering to regimens to control symptoms, keep illness stable
– Dealing with psychosocial issues that can hinder illness management, affect quality of life
• Follow-up, evaluate outcomes
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Review of SelectedCHRONIC ILLNESSES
• Heart Disease – (Angina Pectoris VS Myocardial
Infarction)• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease– (Emphysema & Chronic Bronchitis)
• Diabetes– (Diabetic Ketoacidosis VS Hyperglycemic
Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Syndrome)
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