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El universo

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Page 1: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

El universo

Page 2: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

• Big bang• Expansion of the

universe• Theory of relativity• Diff galaxies• Life of a star• Constellations

Page 3: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

The Big Bang Theory states that the universe started as a single (very dense) point in the universe called a singularity.

The singularity exploded and sent out matter, space and time flying in all directions.

Over time the universe has expanded, with galaxies constantly spreading farther out from each other.

http://ssscott.tripod.com/bang.jpg

The fact that the universe is expanding implies that the universe had a beginning.

brainpop

The Big Bang Theory…

Page 4: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

The Universe is expanding

• Edwin Hubble used his telescopes to discover that the galaxies are actually moving father and farther away from each other.

• The farther away the galaxies are the faster they are moving.

So if the universe is expanding, doesn’t that mean that a long time ago all of it was closer together?

The galaxies farthest away would have to be moving the fastest to get that far.

Page 5: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

The Doppler Affect• The Doppler Affect is

the apparent change in wavelength that is caused as the object gets closer or farther away from the person looking at it or listening to it.

• Light gets brighter the closer you are to it.

• Sounds get louder the closer you are to them.

Page 6: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

Galaxies

• Galaxies are a gathering of stars, gas, dust and other things.

• Galaxies can have as many a one trillion stars.

• There are billions of galaxies in the universe.

Page 7: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

Types of galaxies• Elliptical galaxies are

round or oval shaped and are made up of old stars with a bit of dust and gas.

• Spiral galaxies are shaped like discs and have middle aged stars and a fair amount of gas and dust.

• Irregular galaxies are oddly shaped and are made up of young stars with a lot of gas and dust.

Page 8: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

Known galaxies• We live in the Milky Way

Galaxy.• The Milky Way Galaxy

is a group of about 200 billion stars formed in a disk-shaped spiral that contains our solar system.

• The Andromeda Galaxy

Page 9: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

Nebulas

Page 10: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

Black holes

Page 11: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

The life cycle of a star

Page 12: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

Space smarts

• http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/space/solar-system/space-quiz/

Page 13: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

El universo

• El universo- todo lo que existe en el espacio.

• Galaxias, estrellas, planetas, cometas, asteroides etc…

Page 14: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

La gran explosión

Page 15: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

La gran explosión• La gran explosión- según la

teoría de gran explosión el universo fue creado hace 14,000,000 años.

• La teoría dice que todo de la materia estaba concentrada en uno punto denso de energía llamado una singularidad. La singularidad explotó y envió la materia en espacio en todos direcciones. Esto fue el comienzo de nuestro universo.

Page 16: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

La gran explosión

Page 17: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

La expansión del universo• Edwin Hubble creó

la teoría que nuestro universo siempre está expandiendo.

Page 18: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

Desplazamiento Doppler• As an object moves toward

something the wavelength appears to get shorter and as an object moves away the wavelength appears to get longer.

• Cuando un objeto se acerca hacia algo aparece que el longitud de onda se hace más corto y cuando un objeto se aleja el longitud de onda se hace más largo.

Page 19: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

Ciclo de las estrellas• El ciclo de vida de una

estrella- cambios por los que pasa una estrella durante su vida.

1. La nebulosa2. La protoestrella3. Secuencia principal4. Gigante Rojo5. Cefeida6. Enana Blanca7. Enanas cafés y negros

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Page 21: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

la nebulosa

• La nebulosa- es una nube de polvo interestelar y gas que aparece como una masa brilla o oscura.

Page 22: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

la protoestrella• Primera fase de una

estrella donde una nube molecular es formada a base de hidrogeno y helio.

Page 23: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

la secuencia principal• Fase de las estrellas

donde existe una gran energía debido a la fusión nuclear entre el helio y el hidrogeno.

• Es la etapa donde las estrellas se encienden.

Page 24: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

Gigante rojo

• Un gigante rojo es una gran estrella con un núcleo pequeño y caliente y unas capas exteriores en proceso de enfriamiento.

Page 25: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

Cefeida

• El fase en la que las estrellas expanden y se contraen, perdiendo todos sus capas exteriores en el proceso.

Page 26: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

La enana blanca

• Una enana blanca tiene un pequeño núcleo de una estrella típica, que con el tiempo se enfriará y apagará.

Page 27: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

El ciclo de vida de una estrella gigante

Page 28: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

supernova• Fase final de las

estrellas donde estallan y esparcen material a grandes distancias del que nacerán su vez nuevas estrellas.

• La supernova es una explosión de una estrella de gran tamaño.

Page 29: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

La estrella neutrón

• Una estrella muy densa que envie pulsares, formada despues de una supernova.

Page 30: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

Los agujeros negros• Centro de la

explosión de la Supernova, que es una región de espacio-tiempo provocada por gran concentración de masa en su interior.

Page 31: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

brainpop

Page 32: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

El ciclo de vida de una estrella mediana

A star becomes a red giant when it runs out of Hydrogen and starts to burn Helium. This makes the star unstable and it

begins to expand.

Stars are formed from Nebulas or stellar nurseries where dust and gas begin to accrete into large blobs because of gravity.

Main sequence stars burn Hydrogen and are stable.

La nebulosa la sequencia

principal

Gigante rojo

Cefeida

muerte

•Size: up to 1.5 X’s size of our sun

•Life span: 10 billion years

•Fuel Burning: Slow

Ex: Our sun

Enana blanca

Enana negra

Page 33: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

El ciclo de vida de una estrella grande

A star becomes a red super giant when it runs out of Hydrogen and starts to burn Helium. This makes the star unstable and it begins to

expand.

Stars are formed from Nebulas or stellar nurseries where dust and gas begin to accrete into large blobs because of gravity.

Main sequence stars burn Hydrogen and are stable.

Birth Adult

Mid age

Old age

death

•Size: 1.5 - 3 X’s size of our sun

•Life span: 2 billion years

•Fuel Burning: Fast

Supernova occur when a star runs out of fuel which triggers a collapse and an explosion, blowing most of the stars material outward.

Ex: Canopus

Page 34: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

El ciclo de vida de una estrella muy grande

A star becomes a red super giant when it runs out of Hydrogen and starts to burn Helium. This makes the star unstable and it begins to

expand.

Stars are formed from Nebulas or stellar nurseries where dust and gas begin to accrete into large blobs because of gravity.

Main sequence stars burn Hydrogen and are stable.

Nacio Adulto

Mid age

Old age

death

•Size: Over 3 X’s the size of our sun

•Life span: 20 million years

•Fuel Burning: very fast

Supernova occur when a star runs out of fuel which triggers a collapse and an explosion, blowing most of the stars material outward.

Ejemplo: Rigel y Sirius

Page 35: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

Estrellas• Una estrella es un

cuerpo celeste que emite energía calorifica y en especial luz.

• Las estrellas mas cercanas de la Tierra.

• Alpha Centauri es 4.3 años de luz lejos de Tierra.

Page 36: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

Las galaxias• Una galaxia es una

gran agrupación de estrellas, gas y polvo.

Page 37: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

Tipos de galaxias

Page 38: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations
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Galaxias irregulares• Forma: Tiene

formas indefenidas.

• Edad: Están hechadas de estrellas jovenes.

• Contenidos: Tienen mucho gas y polvo.

Page 41: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

Galaxias espirales• Forma: Tienen forma

de disco.• Edad: Tienen

estrellas de mediana edad.

• Contenidos: Tienen una cantidad moderada de gas y polvo.

Page 42: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

Las galaxias elipticas• Forma: Llamado por su

forma de esferas redondas o esferas planas.

• Edad: Contienen estrellas viejas.

• Contedidos: No hay mucho gas ni polvo.

• .

• .

Page 43: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

Galaxias conocidas

Andromeda Vía Láctea

Page 44: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

Las constelaciones

• Una constelación es un patrón de estrellas con un nombre.

Page 45: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations
Page 46: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

año luz

• Un año luz es la distancia que recorre la luz en un año.

Estrella Distancia a la tierra en años luz

Miles?

Próxima Centauri

4 años luz

Sirio 9 años luz

Betelgeuse 500 años luz

Rigel 800 años luz

Deneb 1,600 años luz

Galaxia de Andrómeda

2,900,000 años luz

• 5,865,696,000,000 millas

• casi 6 trillion millas

Page 47: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations

velocidad de la luz

Page 48: El universo. Big bang Expansion of the universe Theory of relativity Diff galaxies Life of a star Constellations
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