el frío en enología i. fundamentos básicos
TRANSCRIPT
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 1/52
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 2/52
?
Agnqce Beg{mkgn
qc`cacbnx{m.ogeirzex.bem
Zerxnhn4 ‗Kg aríe k` k`egeiín”
Xkvxe xemnhe hk N`xe`ce D. Nqcgã Mcþn`e
K~{kmn nhnzxnhe hkg mcme n{xer
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 3/52
2
>. HKAC@CBCE@KR
BNGE_
K {`n aermn hk gn k`kriín' gn mî hkirnhnhn< n~{kggn n gn ~{k xck`-
hk` n be`qkrxcrk k` {` zrebke hkik`krnxcqe xehn gn hkmî.
K` kakbxe' gn k`kriín kgãbxrcbn k be`qckrxk xehn k` bnger b{n`he
bcrb{gn zer {` be`h{bxer ~{k eze`k {`n irn` rkcxk`bcn n { zne
&kx{an kgãbxrcbn#.
Gn k`kriín mkbî`cbn' `e xk`hrínme ~{k rkme`xnr n ge xckmzezrkfcxòrcbe znrn bemzrk`hkr ~{k sn k fnbcn {e hk ãxk hkakbxe hkik-
`krnxcqe b{n`he k k`bk`hín a{kie arexn`he he mnhkrn.
Gn k`kriín ~{ímcbn' onxn be` rkberhnr ~{k k` {`n rknbbcò` beme
k gn akrmk`xnbcò` hkg mexe fns {` hkzrk`hcmck`xe hk bnger.
Gn be`kb{k`bcn ercic`nhn zer ãxn xk`hk`bcn hk b{ng~{ckr
k`kriín n be`qkrxcrk k` bnger' e` n qkbk o{bnhn znrn { nzreqkbfn-mck`xe s exrn c` kmonrie be`xcx{sk {` n{xk`xcbe zreogkmn hk hcaíbcg
eg{bcò`.
Gn xkb`egeiín xck`k zrkbcnmk`xk { rntò` hk kr' k` kx{hcnr s
nzgcbnr ge mkhce nhkb{nhe znrn ~{k kn mí`cme gn hkirnhnbcò`
k`kriãxcbn k` bnger' sn ~{k gòicbnmk`xk' ge c`xkrkn`xk k kg nzreqkbfn-
mck`xe mîvcme' s xehe ge ~{k k be`qckrxn k` bnger k k`kriín zkrhchn.
Znrn kqcxnr zkrhchn k` kg xrn`zerxk hk gn k`kriín kgãbxrcbn k rk-
b{rrk ng kmzgke hk ngknbce`k {zkrbe`h{bxern. Znrn kqcxnr zkrhchn
zer retnmck`xe k rkb{rrk ng hckþe nkrehc`îmcbe mî berrkbxe s b{n`he
ãxk `e k {acbck`xk ng kmzgke hk ngknbce`k n`xcarcbbcò` s xnmocã` hk
ngxn xkmzkrnx{rn hk a{cò`. Znrn kqcxnr ~{k k` {`n akrmk`xnbcò` eb{rrn`
ge zreogkmn hk znrnhn' hkxr{bbcò` hk nremn' zkrhchn hk ngbefeg' kxb.'
fns ~{k rkb{rrcr xkb`egòicbnmk`xk n ~{cxnr kg bnger ik`krnhe' sn ~{k `e
zehkme c`bchcr k` ~{k kg hknrreggnhe zer gn rknbbcò` kn mnser ò mk-`er.
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 4/52
8
XKMZK_NX[_N
Nbnhãmcbnmk`xk k {`e hk ge he anbxerk bemze`k`xk hk gn
k`kriín bngeríacbn' ck`he kg exre gn k`xrezín.
Gn qnme n hkac`cr beme kg qnger ~{k c`hcbn kg `cqkg' gn ngxcx{h' n gn
~{k k k`b{k`xrn kg bnger. B{n`he mî kgkqnhe k ãxk `cqkg fnognme hk
bngck`xk' e zer kg be`xrnrce' b{n`he ãxk k mî onde fnognme hk aríe.
Zer zrc`bczce' kg bnger ckmzrk ag{sk hkg `cqkg ngxe ng onde' hkg aebe
bngck`xk ng aebe aríe' hkg mcme mehe ~{k kg ni{n ckmzrk bnk hk nrrcon n
nonde ze`ck`he {` ímcg fchrî{gcbe.
KG A_CE
B{n`he ngie kxî mk`e bngck`xk ~{k exrn ben' hkbcme ~{k kxn
mî aríe. E kn' ckmzrk ~{k `e rkakrcme n ãg' ge fnbkme k` xãrmc`e
rkgnxcqe' bemznrî`hege be` exrn ben s k` kakbxe k ní' zer~{k kg aríe `e
kvcxk k` xkrmc`n xãb`cbe' xn` ege hkbcme ~{k kxnme k`arcn`he ngie
b{n`he gk kxnme ~{cxn`he bnger.
Nhkmî k {odkxcqe' zer~{k e` nzrkbcnbce`k k`ercngk ~{k
z{khk` qnrcnr< zer kdkmzge4' c beikme xrk rkbczck`xk' bnhn {`e be`
ni{n n :´B' ?:´B' s 8:´B s mkxkme {`n mn`e k` gn hk :´B s gn exrn k` gn
hk 8: ´B' s nmon n {` xckmze gn nbnme s gn mkxkme k` kg rkbczck`xk
hk ?: ºB' gn mn`e ~{k kx{qe k` kg rkbczck`xk hk :ºB. gn `exnrî bngck`xk s
gn ~{k kx{qe k` kg hk 8:ºB gn `exnrî arín.
BNGE_
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 5/52
;
KVZ_KRCE@ HKG BNGE_
Rc bngk`xnme he oegn hkg mcme zke' {`n hk qchrce s exrn hk
nbkre n gn mcmn xkmzkrnx{rn s gn hkzecxnme eork {` oge~{k hk fck-
ge' eokrqnrkme ~{k gn bn`xchnh hk fckge hkrrkxche k mnser k` kg nbkre
~{k k` kg qchrce' g{kie kg bnger be`xk`che zer {` b{krze k zrezerbce`ng n
ngie zrezce hk bnhn kgkmk`xe.
N ãxk /ngie/ bnrnbxkríxcbe k hk`emc`n bnger kzkbíacbe s k {`n
zrezckhnh aícbn c`fkrk`xk n bnhn b{krze' s ~{k ckmzrk k hn rkakrche ng
ni{n' n gn ~{k k gn fn hnhe kg qnger {`chnh. Hcrínme ~{k kvzrkn gn bn-
znbchnh hk {` b{krze hk i{nrhnr kg bnger' { nqchkt hk bnger. Rc nfern gn
he oegn e` hk nbkre zkre {`n hk >: Li s exrn hk ; Li s be` gn mcmn
xkmzkrnx{rn k hkzecxn` eork kg fckge' gn bn`xchnh hk fckge a{`hche zergn zrcmkrn krî heogk ~{k gn hk gn ki{`hn< zer xn`xe' kg bnger hk {` b{kr-
ze k zrezerbce`ng n gn mnn hkg mcme.
Rc nfern e` gn he oegn hk nbkre hk >: Li. Zkre {`n be` 1: ºB s
gn exrn be` 2: ´B s zknme kg ni{n hkrrkxchn' eokrqnrkme ~{k k he-
ogk k` gn zrcmkrn ~{k k` gn ki{`hn< zer xn`xe' kg bnger hk {` b{krze k
zrezerbce`ng n { xkmzkrnx{rn.
Xehn kxn zrezerbce`ngchnhk gn zehkme zgnmnr k` gn aerm{gn4
^ = Bk ¹ m ¹ x
Rck`he4 Bk 4 kg bnger kzkbíacbe' k` Lbng%Li. m 4 gn mnrn k` Li.
x 4 gn xkmzkrnx{rn k` ºB.
^{k rkzrkk`xn gn bn`xchnh hk bnger be`xk`chn zer kg b{krze k` kg
`cqkg hk xkmzkrnx{rn x . Nfern ock`' c c`xk`xnme bngk`xnr ãxk b{krze
hkhk kg `cqkg hk xkmzkrnx{rn x > fnxn kg `cqkg x ? gn bn`xchnh hk bnger
~{k fnorín ~{k {mc`cxrnr znrn geirnrge krín4
^? = Bk ¹ m ¹ x ?
-&^> = Bk ¹ m ¹ x >#
^? - ^> = Bk ¹ m ¹ &x ? - x >#
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 6/52
1
Zer xn`xe' kg bnger `kbknrce n {mc`cxrnr znrn kgkqnr gn xkmzkrn-
x{rn hk {` b{krze hkhk x > n x ? ò kg ~{k fns ~{k ~{cxnr znrn k`arcnrge
hkhk gn xkmzkrnx{rn x ? n gn hk x > k4
^ = B k ¹ m ¹ &x ? - x > #
- 2 ´B
- 8 ´B
: ´B
BNGE_ RK@RCOGK BNGE_ GNXK@XKHK A[RCÒ@
&6: Lbng.#
>:: ´B QNZE_ RNX[_NHE N >:: ´B
> Li NI[N
;26'8: LbngBNGE_ GNXK@XK HK QNZE_
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 7/52
9
BNGE_ RK@RCOGK S BNGE_ GNXK@XK
Fnxn nfern fkme qcxe ~{k xehe n{mk`xe e hcmc`{bcò` hk bnger
qn nbemznþnhe hk gn qnrcnbcò` k` kg mcme k`xche hk gn xkmzkrnx{rn<
zkre fns zrebke k` ge ~{k ãxn berrkze`hk`bcn `e xck`k g{inr.
Rc beikme ni{n n ?: ´B s gk {mc`cxrnme bnger' eokrqnrkme
~{k kg xkrmòmkxre ~{k fkme c`xreh{bche k` kggn' k qn kgkqn`he fnxn
ge >:: ´ B' zkre ng ggkinr n ãxk z{`xe gn kbngn hkg xkrmòmkxre ~{khn
acdn' k kmzcktn n kqnzernr kg ni{n be`xk`chn' zkrmn`kbck`he ní mck`-
xrn ~{khk {`n iexn hk ni{n zer kqnzernr.
Ng bnger ~{k k hkxkbxnhe zer {` xkrmòmkxre' qnrcn`he/k`cogkmk`xk/ { xkmzkrnx{rn k hk`emc`n bnger k`cogk. S n~{kg
~{k kxî' zkre `e k hn n be`ebkr zer {`n qnrcnbcò` hk xkmzkrnx{rn bnger gnxk`xk.
K` xehe zrebke hk bnmoce hk kxnhe k mn`xck`k gn xkmzkrnx{rn
be`xn`xk xn`xe kn a{cò` beme kqnzernbcò`.
Gn bn`xchnh hk bnger ~{k fns ~{k {mc`cxrnr znrn be`ki{cr kxebnmoce hk kxnhe qck`k hnhe zer4
^ = m ¹ Bc
K` he`hk Bc k kg bnger gnxk`xk hk bnmoce hk kxnhe' ~{k znrn kg
ni{n xemn ge qngerk4
Gnxk`xk hk a{cò` -‘‘‘-‘6:': Lbng%Li.
Gnxk`xk hk kqnzernbcò`-‘-;26'8 Lbng%Li.
[@CHNHKR HK BNGE_
Gn {`chnh hk mkhchn hkg bnger k gn bngerín' ~{k k hkac`k beme gnbn`xchnh hk bnger `kbknrcn znrn kgkqnr k` {` irnhe bk`xíirnhe' hkhk >8
n >; ́ B gn xkmzkrnx{rn hk {` irnme hk ni{n.
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 8/52
6
Ng kr kxn {`chnh m{s zk~{kþn' k {xcgctn `ermngmk`xk gn Lcgebn-
gerín' ~{k k {` môgxczge hk gn bngerín ~{k rkzrkk`xn kg bnger `kbknrce
znrn kgkqnr hk >8 n >; ́ B gn xkmzkrnx{rn hk {` Lcgeirnme hk ni{n.
K` kg nriex xãb`cbe rkakrche ng aríe s zer norkqcnr' b{n`he k fnogn
hk /bngerín/ ckmzrk k ãxn rkacrck`he n gn Lcgebngerín.
Xnmocã` hk mn`krn ik`krng k nhmcxk ~{k b{n`he bngk`xnme k
fnogn hk /bngerín/ s c k ng be`xrnrce' ~{cxnme bnger' k fnogn hk/ arcierín/. Gn /arcierín/ k zer xn`xe {`n /bngerín/ zkre `kinxcqn.
Gn k~{cqngk`bcn be` exrn {`chnhk k4
> Ly = 61: Lbng.
> B.Q = 12? Lbng.
- >; ´B
- >8 ´B
> bngerín
> Li
hk ni{n
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 9/52
3
KRBNGNR XK_MEMKX_CBNR
B{n`he `e rkakrcme n gn mkhchn hk xkmzkrnx{rn' ckmzrk ge
fnbkme k` irnhe bk`xíirnhe' zer~{k `{kxre zní kxî hk`xre hkg îrkn
hk nzgcbnbcò` hkg cxkmn mãxrcbe s kxe k ge zrkbkzxcqe. Fns exrn kbn-
gn ~{k be`qck`k xk`kr k` b{k`xn' n{`~{k xn` ege kn znrn fnbkr bem-
zrk`hkr gn rkgnxcqchnh k` gn ~{k k onn` s gn brkk`bcn k~{cqebnhn hk
~{k zer hkonde hk :´ B sn `e kvcxk bnger.
Gn kbngn LKGQC@ kmzcktn be` kg bkre' zrkbcnmk`xk k` kg bkre no-
eg{xe' n -?92 ´B ' z{`xe k` kg ~{k k brkk ~{k `nhn k m{kqk' ~{k `nhn
kvcxk. _kngmk`xk k` kxk z{`xe {` b{krze `e xck`k bnger. Gn kbngn BKG-
RC[R' e bk`xíirnhn' xemn' znrn gn xkmzkrnx{rn n gn ~{k a{`hk kg fckge' kg
qnger BK_E s znrn gn xkmzkrnx{rn n gn ~{k k kqnzern kg ni{n' kg qngerBCK@.
Qngerk xemnhe n `cqkg hkg mnr' e kn n > nxmeakrn e ge ~{k k ge
mcme >':22 Li% bm?.
Gn kbngn AN_K@FKCX &hk {e k` ge zník n`igende`k# xemn
beme rkakrk`bcn xnmocã` kg ni{n s kg qnger hk 2?´ A znrn gn a{cò` hkg
fckge s ?>?´ A znrn gn ko{ggcbcò` hkg ni{n.
Gn c`xkrrkgnbcò` k`xrk kggn k cmzgk4
R{ k~{cqngk`bcn e`4
>::´ B = >6:´ A < >´ B = >6:%>:: A = 3%;´ A.
Rc ~{krkme be`qkrxcr {` qnger hkxkrmc`nhe' zer kdkmzge >;´ B< kg
qngerk` gn kbngn Anfrk`fkcx krín4
>;´ B = 2? , >; ¹ 3%; º A = 2? , ?9 = ;3´ A.
Fnbkme fc`bnzcã k` kg be`bkzxe hk ~{k xehe b{krze &n{`~{k {o-dkxcqnmk`xk `e znrktbn /aríe/# xck`k bnger fnxn ~{k ggkin ng bkre noeg{-
xe' kxe k n - ?92´ B.
BK@XCI_NHN AN_K@FKCX LKGQC@
Ko{ggcbcò` hkg ni{n >:: ´ B. ?>? ´ A. 292 ´ L.
A{cò` hkg fckge : ´ B. 2? ´ A. ?92 ´ L.
Qnger hk gn kbngn >:: ´ B. >6: ´ A. >:: ´ L.
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 10/52
>:
C@AG[K@BCN HK GN Z_KRCE@
Kxk k {` be`bkzxe cmzerxn`xícme n xk`kr k` b{k`xn znrn bem-
zrk`hkr zexkrcermk`xk kg bcbge arcieríacbe.
Xehe bnmoce hk kxnhe qck`k c`ag{k`bcnhe zer gn zrkcò` ~{k kmn`xck`k n { ngrkhkher. B{n`he n`xk fnogîonme hk ge zrc`bczce e
ac`ngk hk kbngn xkrmemãxrcbn kzkbcacbnme n `cqkg hkg mnr< sn ~{k' be-
me zer xehe k noche' gn xkmzkrnx{rn ngbn`tnhn zer kg ni{n ~{k kxî k`
ko{ggcbcò` hk`xre hk {`n /eggn n qnzer/ k {zkrcer n >:: ´ B. & hk nfí ~{k
k b{ktn` n`xk ge ngcmk`xe#' mck`xrn ~{k k` irn`hk ngxcx{hk kxn
xkmzkrnx{rn k mk`er hk >:: ´ B.
Rckmzrk k b{mzgk ~{k znrn bnhn gc~{che fns {`n berrkze`hk`bcn
k`xrk gn zrkcò` n gn ~{k kxn emkxche s gn xkmzkrnx{rn n gn ~{k ko{ggk.
Znrn kg ni{n4
S znrn kg rkarcikrn`xk _-?? kxn berrkze`hk`bcn k4
Zrkcò` Li%bm? Xkmz. hk ko{ggcbcò` ´B.
8'1 >86
>'8 >:6
>':22 &>nxm.# >::
:'16; 63
:'28? 9?
:':>? >:
:'::3 ;
Zrkcò` Li%bm? Xkmz. hk ko{ggcbcò` ´B.
8'1 >86
>'8 >:6
>':22 &>nxm.# >::
:'16; 63
:'28? 9?:':>? >:
:'::3 ;
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 11/52
>>
BNGB[GE HK GN BN@XCHNH HK BNGE_
R{ze`inme ~{k beikme > Li hk fckge n -; ´ B s ~{krkme ggk-
qnrge n qnzer n >>: ´ B. Znrn geirnrge' fnorî ~{k {mc`cxrnr bnger k` hc-
qkrn ank' xng beme ~{khn rkzrkk`xnhe k` kg irîacbe4
>.- Bnger k`cogk {mc`cxrnhe ng fckge' znrn kgkqnr { xkmzkrnx{rn hk-
hk - ;´ B n :´ B.
^ = B k ¹ m ¹ &x ? - x > # = > ¹ :';:8 ¹ \:-&-;#] = ?';? Lbng.
?.- Bnger gnxk`xk hk a{cò` hkg fckge' znrn znnr hkg fckge n :´ B. n ni{n
xnmocã` n :´ B.
^ = m ¹ b> = > ¹ 6: = 6: Lbng.2.- Bnger k`cogk znrn znnr kg ni{n hkhk :º B. fnxn >::´ B.
^ = m ¹ bk &x?- x># = > ¹ > &>:: - :# = >:: Lbng.
8.- Bnger gnxk`xk hk qnzerctnbcò` hkg ni{n' znrn znnr hk ni{n n >::´ B. n
qnzer xnmocã` n >::´ B.
^ = m ¹ b>= > ¹ ;26'8 = ;26'8 Lbng.
;.- Bnger k`cogk znrn znnr kg qnzer hkhk >::´ B. fnxn >>:´ B.
^ = m ¹ bk ¹ &x? - x># = > ¹ :'81 ¹ &>>:->>:# = 8'1 Lbng.
Zer xn`xe kg bnger `kbknrce xexng krín4^x = ?';? , 6: , >:: , ;26'8 , 8'1 = 9?;';? Lbng.
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 12/52
>?
BCBGE HK _KA_CIK_NBCE@
N xehe `e fn eb{rrche. B{n`he k kqnzern ngbefeg hk `{kxrn
mn`e e b{n`he k ngk hk {`n zcbc`n' k`xcme aríe. µN ~{k k hkok5 Kqc-
hk`xkmk`xk' n ~{k `{kxre b{krze kxî nzerxn`he kg bnger `kbknrce znrn
~{k k kqnzerk kg ngbefege kg ni{n' `e kxnme rkarcikrn`he' kxnme
zkrhck`he bnger. E kn' b{n`he k kqnzern {` gí~{che ge fnbk noerock`-
he bnger hkg mkhce ~{k kxî k` be`xnbxe be` ãg s zer xn`xe' geirn`he {
rkarcikrnbcò`.
Gòicbnmk`xk' gn kqeg{bcò` k` k`xche be`xrnrce' kg zne hk qnzer n
gí~{che' k kakbx{nrî b{n`he bkhn kg bnger ~{k noerocò. Gn rkzkxcbcò` hk
kxk zrebke hk aermn c`c`xkrr{mzchn k` he`hk k zreh{bk noerbcò` hk
bnger k` kg kgkmk`xe ~{k k ~{ckrk rkarcikrnr zer kqnzernbcò` hk {` ag{c-he s zexkrcer be`hk`nbcò` hkg mcme' qnme n hk`emc`nrgk /bcbge hk
rkarcikrnbcò`/.
Fnorín ~{k rkme`xnr`e n zrc`bczce hkg cige VCV s mî be`brkxn-
mk`xk ng nþe >.6?8' b{n`he k zrkk`xò gn xkc hebxerng hk Bnr`ex' k` gn
~{k k kx{hcnon kg bcbge xkrmehc`îmcbe eork kg ~{k kxî a{`hnmk`xnhe
kg hk rkarcikrnbcò` s ~{k fes k` hín k be`ebk beme BCBGE HK [email protected] aci{rn' rkzrkk`xn' hk`xre hk {` hcnirnmn hk zrkcò`-xkmzkrnx{rn
berrkze`hck`xk n {` hkxkrmc`nhe rkarcikrn`xk' gn kqeg{bcò` hk gnxrn`aermnbce`k xkrmehc`îmcbn {archn zer kg mcme.
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 13/52
>2
K` kxk hcnirnmn' gn b{rqn n gn ct~{ckrhn hkg z{`xe bríxcbe /K/' rk-
zrkk`xn gn gí`kn hk nx{rnbcò` hkg rkarcikrn`xk k` { ank gí~{chn. Kg îrkn
n gn ct~{ckrhn hk kxn gí`kn rkzrkk`xn kg gí~{che {ok`arcnhe.
Gn b{rqn n gn hkrkbfn hkg z{`xe bríxcbe /K/' rkzrkk`xn gn gí`kn hk
nx{rnbcò` hkg rkarcikrn`xk k` { ank inken. Kg îrkn bemzrk`hchn n gnhkrkbfn hk kxn gí`kn rkzrkk`xn kg in rkbngk`xnhe.
K` gn te`n c`xkrmkhcn' bemzrk`hchn k`xrk nmon gí`kn bekvcxk`
gn he ank' gí~{che s in. Gn zrezerbcò` hk in ~{k fns k` gn mktbgn
qck`k hkac`chn zer gn b{rqn /V/ hk xíx{ge hkg qnzer ~{k k kzkbcacbn` k`
kg hcnirnmn rkng z-c hkg rkarcikrn`xk kzkbíacbe.
Kg bcbge ckmzrk k rkberrk k` k`xche be`xrnrce n gn ni{dn hkg rk-
ged s gn gí`kn kvz{kxn k` kg irîacbe k berrkze`hk` n gn ci{ck`xk
xrn`aermnbce`k4
Kqnzernbcò`‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡.Gí`kn N-O
Bemzrkcò`‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡. Gí`kn O-B
Be`hk`nbcò`‡‡‡‡‡‡‡. Gí`kn B-H
Kvzn`cò`‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡. Gí`kn H-N
Kqnzernbcò`
Hk`xre hkg bcbge' k berrkze`hk be` gn kqeg{bcò` ~{k kg rkarcikrn`-
xk kvzkrcmk`xn znrn znnr hkg z{`xe /N/' k` kg ~{k xck`k kg mî zk~{kþe
be`xk`che hk bnger s ~{k kxî k` aermn hk mktbgn gí~{chn mî in' fnxn
kg z{`xe /O/' k` kg ~{k fn n{mk`xnhe { be`xk`che k` bnger &`e ní {
xkmzkrnx{rn# s k fn xrn`aermnhe xexngmk`xk k` in.
Beme be`kb{k`bcn hk kxk bnmoce hk kxnhe' kg rkarcikrn`xk fn hk
noerokr {`n bn`xchnh hk bnger ~{k fn hk bkhkrgk kg mkhce ~{k gk rehkn.Kg c`xkrbnmocnher hk bnger ~{k b{mzgk be` kxn mccò` rkbcok kg `emork
hk KQNZE_NHE_ &c k xck`k k` b{k`xn gn a{`bcò` ~{k b{mzgk# e K@-A_CNHE_ &c k xck`k k` b{k`xn gn nzgcbnbcò`#.
Kg hcnirnmn rkng hkg _-?? ~{k k kvze`k k` gn zîic`n >; znrn gn
be`hcbce`k hk xrnonde k` {`n {`chnh k`arcnhern' kqnzern`he n {`n zrk-
cò` hk ; Onr &berrkze`hck`xk n xkmzkrnx{rn hk :´B.# s be`hk`n`he n
{`n zrkcò` hk >9'6 Onr &berrkze`hck`xk n {`n xkmzkrnx{rn hk 8:´B.#'
hn kvnbxnmk`xk gn kqeg{bcò` {archn ng znnr hkhk {`n k`xngzcn hk 662
LD%Li fnxn {`n hk >.:29 LD%Li.
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 14/52
>8
Bemzrkcò`
Kg in rkarcikrn`xk ~{k ngk hkg kqnzernher k` kg z{`xe /O/' k nzc-
rnhe zer kg bemzrker s n{mk`xn { zrkcò` hk aermn cek`xròzcbn fnxn
ggkqnrge ng z{`xe /B/.
Gn mccò` k ggkqnr kg in n ondn zrkcò`' fnxn gn zrkcò` mî ngxn
~{k kvcxk k` kg z{`xe /B/' n{mk`xn`he xnmocã` { xkmzkrnx{rn hkoche
ng xrnonde hk bemzrkcò` ~{k k xck`k ~{k rkngctnr znrn be`ki{cr kxk
ac`.
K` kg kdkmzge ~{k kx{hcnme s c` xk`kr b{k`xn' zãrhchn hk bnrin
k` qîgq{gn' gn xkmzkrnx{rn hk ngchn k berrkze`hkrín be` 1:ºB ark`xk n
ge :ºB ~{k xk`ín k` gn k`xrnhn.
Be`qck`k fnbkr `exnr ~{k ge bemzrkerk nbxôn` beme oemon
qeg{mãxrcbn' sn ~{k beme qkrkme zexkrcermk`xk kxn bnrnbxkríxcbn
xck`k {`n irn` cmzerxn`bcn.
Be`hk`nbcò`
Kg in rkarcikrn`xk n gn ngchn hkg bemzrker k` kg z{`xe /B/' kxî
rkbngk`xnhe' zer xn`xe' n { k`xrnhn k` {` c`xkrbnmocnher hk bnger' kqe-
g{bce`nrî k`arcî`hek hk mn`krn k`cogk' fnxn ngbn`tnr gn gí`kn hk n-
x{rnbcò` hkg in' s be`xc`{n`he be` gn bkcò` hk bnger k` kg bnmoce hk
kxnhe ~{k xck`k g{inr fnxn be`qkrxcrk xexngmk`xk k` gí~{che.
Kg c`xkrbnmocnher' ~{k xck`k zer mccò` kxn a{`bcò`' k hk`emc`n
BE@HK@RNHE_.
Gn mccò` hk`xre hkg bcbge hkg be`hk`nher' k gn hk bkhkr bnger. K
kg kgkmk`xe ~{k fn hk kgcmc`nr kg bnger noeroche zer kg rkarcikrn`xk k`
kg kqnzernher mî kg noeroche k` kg bemzrker &k~{cqngk`xk xãrmcbe
hkg xrnonde hknrreggnhe#.
Gn chkn ~{k fn hk ~{khnr hk kxk bemze`k`xk' k ~{k hkok bkhkr
{`n irn` bn`xchnh hk k`kriín. K` `{kxre bne xkòrcbe' fn hk znnr hkhk{`n k`xngzcn hk >.:16 LD%Li n {`n hk 662 LD%Li.
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 15/52
>;
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 16/52
>1
Qîgq{gn hk Kvzn`cò`
Hk`xre hkg bcbge' xck`k gn mccò` be`xrnrcn n gn hkg bemzrker< kxe
k' fnbk ondnr gn zrkcò` hkg gí~{che rkarcikrn`xk n { ngchn hkg be`hk`n-
her &k` `{kxre bne >9'6 Onr# fnxn gn zrkcò` n gn ~{k k k`b{k`xrn kg
kqnzernher &ci{ck`he be` kg kdkmzge ; Onr#.
Kxn bníhn hk zrkcò`' k rkngctn zer gn irn` ezecbcò` ng zne hk
rkarcikrn`xk ~{k xck`k gn qîgq{gn' ng fnbkrk znnr zer ercacbce m{s zk-
~{kþe. Kxk hkbk`e hk zrkcò`' k rkngctn c` ~{k xk`in g{inr qnrcn-
bcò` hk gn k`kriín c`xkr`n hkg rkarcikrn`xk' kxe k' { k`xngzín.
[@CHNHKR A_CIE_CACBNR
Kg be`d{`xe aermnhe zer ge b{nxre kgkmk`xe be`xcx{sk`xk hkg
bcbge' {`che k`xrk c zer {`n x{okrín hk mnxkrcng s xnmnþe be`qk`ck`-
xk' rkbcok kg `emork hk {`chnh arcieríacbn' s kg kgkmk`xe ~{k k hkzgn-
tnrî' cmz{gnhe zer kg bemzrker hkhk {`e n exre bemze`k`xk' k kg
ag{che rkarcikrn`xk. Gn aci{rn ci{ck`xk rkzrkk`xn kg k~{kmn arcieríacbe
hk {`n {`chnh hk cmzgk bcrb{cxe s be`hk`nbcò` zer ncrk. Rk fn` nhcbce-
`nhe kgkmk`xe hk be`xreg' ki{rchnh s mkhchn ~{k zer {z{kxe' `e c`-
xkrqck`k` znrn `nhn k` kg zrebke bngeríacbe.
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 17/52
>9
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 18/52
>6
AG[CHER _KA_CIK_N@XKR
Kg rkarcikrn`xk nbxôn beme mkhce hk xrn`zerxk hk bnger hkhk kg
kqnzernher fnxn kg be`hk`nher. Gn zrezckhnh mî cmzerxn`xk be` ãxn
hkac`cbcò` k eoqcn' s k ~{k xk`in {` irn` bnger gnxk`xk hk kqnzernbcò`'
k hkbcr' {`n irn` bnznbchnh hk noerbcò` hk bnger. Beme kg kgkmk`xe
k`bnrinhe hk gn be`h{bbcò` k kg bemzrker s xck`k {`n bnznbchnh hk
xrn`zerxk acdn' ge ~{k be`qck`k k ~{k kg rkarcikrn`xk zkk m{bfe' xk`in
{`n irn` mnn s zebe qeg{mk` sn ~{k' rkberhkme' ~{k kg bnger k zre-
zerbce`ng n gn mnn.
N`xci{nmk`xk k kmzgknon` kg n`fíhrche {ga{ree' kg bger{re hk
mkxcge s kg nme`cnbe' zkre n{`~{k b{mzgckre` be` { bemkxche krn` k`
m{bfe bne c`kacbnbk e zkgciree' ck`he xòvcbe ò kvzgecqe.Fes k kmzgkn` ge hkrcqnhe bgernhe s ag{ernhe hk ge fchrebnr-
o{re' ~{k rkô`k` {`e rk~{ccxe hk ki{rchnh mnserk s ~{k rkô`k`
gn zrezckhnhk hk kr4
@e c`agnmnogk. @e kvzgecqe. @e xevcbn.
@e crrcxn`xk. C`ehere. ^{ímcbnmk`xk kxnogk.
Kg irnhe hk xevcbchnh mkhche zer kg erin`cme nmkrcbn`e
/[`hkryrcxkr Gnoernxerck/ ~{khn kxnogkbche k` kvzkrcmk`xnbcò` e-ork n`cmngk s qck`k rkagkdnhe k` gn ci{ck`xk xnogn4
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 19/52
>3
@EMK@BGNX[_N HK GER _KA_CIK_N@XKR
Gn `ermn c`xkr`nbce`ngk zrkbrcok` ~{k znrn hk`emc`nr {`
rkarcikrn`xk k fnin be` gn gkxrn _ ki{che hk {`e `ômkre.
Ge `emork ~{k `ermngmk`xk k {n` hk /arkò`/ ò /arcik`/ ò
/Lngxre`/' `e e` mî ~{k `emork rkicxrnhe zer gn kmzrkn anorc-
bn`xk hkg rkarcikrn`xk s ~{k k` kxk bne k berrkze`hk` n /H{ze`x/'
/Fekbfx/ s /Lngc-Bfkmck/ rkzkbxcqnmk`xk.
Rc` k`xrnr k` zrea{`hchnhk ~{ímcbn' hcrkme ~{k gn `emk`bgnx{-
rn `{mãrcbn xck`k gn ci{ck`xk bgnqk4
Gn bcarn hk gn {`chnhk' c`hcbn kg `ômkre hk îxeme hk Agôer.
Gn bcarn hk gn hkbk`n mk`e {`e' c`hcbn kg `ômkre hk îxeme hk
fchròik`e.
Gn bcarn hk gn bk`xk`n mî {`e' c`hcbn kg `ômkre hk îxeme hk
bnroe`e.
Kg `ômkre hk qngk`bcn gcork hkg bnroe`e k nx{rn` be` îxeme
hk bgere.
K` kg bne hk ~{k berrkze`hk {` bkre n gn bcarn hk gn bk`xk`n' k
emcxk' rk{gxn`he {`n `emk`bgnx{rn hk òge he bcarn .
Zer kdkmzge4
_->?
? îxeme hk agôer.
>-> = @c`iô` îxeme hk fchreik`e< zer xn`xe' ng ~{khnr he
qngk`bcn gcork' xk`hrî he îxeme hk bgere. .
:,> = > îxeme hk bnroe`e.
Zer xn`xe4 BF Bg? A?' hcbgere-hcag{er-mkxn`e.
_-??
? îxeme hk agôer.
?-> = > îxeme hk fchreik`e s zer xn`xe' > îxeme hk bgere.
:,> = > îxeme hk bnroe`e. ^{ímcbnmk`xk4 BF Bg A?' me`ebgere' hcag{er-mkxn`e.
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 20/52
?:
_->>8
8 îxeme hk agôer.
>-> = : îxeme hk fchreik`e s zer xn`xe' ? îxeme hk bgere.
> , > = ? îxeme hk bnroe`e.
^{ímcbnmk`xk4 B? Bg? A8' hcbgere-xkxrnag{er-kxn`e.
K cmzerxn`xk rkngxnr he nzkbxe.
[`e' ~{k n{`~{k hc{kgqk` ngie ng ni{n' kxn eg{ocgchnh qnrcn be`
gn xkmzkrnx{rn' s nznrxk hk ge kakbxe berrecqe hk gn mcmn z{khk erc-
ic`nr zreogkmn hk eoxr{bbcò` zer be`ikgnbcò` hk gn qîgq{gn hk kvzn`-cò`' c `e k fn xk`che zrkbn{bcò` {acbck`xk hk fnbkr {` o{k` qnbce s
xehn gn hkmî zrîbxcbn arcieríacbn hk aermn erxehevn.
Exre' ~{k k xrnondn` n zrkce`k ~{k z{khn` ebcgnr `ermngmk`xk
k`xrk >: s ?: Li%bm? s {` mn`xk`cmck`xe hkakbx{ee hk `e nzrkxnr
x{krbn' hkb{chnr ge
`cqkgk hk nbkcxk' kxb.'
z{khk` zkrmcxcr ~{k kgbcrb{cxe k ~{khk c` in
zer a{in.
Rc` g{inr n h{hn'
kg rkarcikrn`xk òzxcme
krín kg ni{n' c`e a{kk
zer { c`bemznxcocgchnh
be` ge nbkcxk' zer {irn` zehkr evchnxcqe s
{ zrkce`k hk xrnonde
kvxrkmnhnmk`xk ondn.
Xck`k {` irn` bnger hk
qnzerctnbcò` s {zkrn
be` brkbk xehn gn zre-
zckhnhk hk ge hkmî.
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 21/52
?>
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 22/52
??
BEMZE@K@XKR HKG BCBGE HK _KA_CIK_NBCE@
N{`~{k gn aermn' s fnxn gn mn`krn hk nbx{nr z{khk` kr hcakrk`-
xk k` a{`bcò` hk gn nzgcbnbcò` ~{k k gk ~{ckrn hnr' e be` ge ag{che ~{k
k qnsn` n mn`cz{gnr' kg zrc`bczce hk a{`bce`nmck`xe ckmzrk k c`ngxk-
rnogk. Fns ~{k mn`xk`kr {`n zrkcò` hk kqnzernbcò` s {`n zrkcò` hk
be`hk`nbcò`' ck`he kg bemzrker kg bemze`k`xk k`bnrinhe hk kgkqnrgn
s gn qîgq{gn hk kvzn`cò` kg hk rkh{bcrgn.
BEMZ_KRE_KR
@e eb{znme n~{í ege hk ge ngxkr`nxcqe' k hkbcr' n~{kgge ~{k
oemokn` in nzreqkbfn`he kg hkzgntnmck`xe hk {` zcxn` k` {`n bnmc-n. Oîcbnmk`xk k {` bci÷kþng ~{k znrxck`he hk {` meqcmck`xe bcrb{gnr
ge xrnh{bk k` meqcmck`xe ngxkr`nxcqe hk ge zcxe`k k` gn bnmcn. Hk-
zk`hck`he hk gn cx{nbcò` hkg mexer hk nbbce`nmck`xe' k bgncacbn` k`4
Nockrxe.
Rkmcfkrmãxcbe.
Fkrmãxcbe
K` ge nockrxe' kg bci÷kþng ngk a{krn hk gn bnrbnn znrn kr meqche
zer {` mexer cx{nhe k` kg kvxkrcer.
K` ge kmcfkrmãxcbe' kg kdk hkg mexer k zrege`inbcò` hkg bci÷k-
þng hkg bemzrker' kxn`he k` gn mcmn bnrbnn' zkre ck`he nbbkcogk
hkhk kg kvxkrcer.
K` ge fkrmãxcbe' k zckrhk gn nbbkcocgchnh hk ge kmcfkrmãxc-be' ng kr eghnhn gn bnrbnn hkg bemzrker.
Xn`xe k` ge fkrmãxcbe beme k` ge kmcfkrmãxcbe' kg mexer hk
nbbce`nmck`xe kxî hk`xre hkg bcrb{cxe hk rkarcikrnbcò`' s kxî rkarcikrn-
he zer kg zrezce in rkarcikrn`xk.
S nfern qck`k gn kxkr`n zrki{`xn... µb{ng k mkder5 s n~{í eb{rrk
beme k` ge o{k`e qc`e hk hcakrk`xk te`n hk zreh{bbcò`' e` ... hcak-rk`xk.
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 23/52
?2
Brcxkrce hk kgkbbcò`
K` gn zîic`n ci{ck`xk k kvze`k` kbbce`k s hkxnggk hk be`-
xr{bbcò` hk ge xrk xcze ~{k z{khk` hnr g{t eork kg n{`xe s qnme n
c`xk`xnr kvze`kr {`n krck hk qk`xndn k c`be`qk`ck`xk' ~{k bnhn {`e
xck`k ark`xk n ge hkmî s ~{k z{khk` hkac`cr ngiô` brcxkrce hk kgkbbcò`.
Ge bemzrkerk fkrmãxcbe
Xck`k` k` zrcmkr g{inr {`n gcmcxnbcò` hk zexk`bcn arcieríacbn' sn
~{k kg zrezce cxkmn be`xr{bxcqe gk cmzchk cr n xnmnþe {zkrcerk zer
kdkmzge n ;:: mm. hk hcîmkxre hk bnrbnn. R{ irn` qk`xndn' ~{k ng kxnr
kvk`xe hk {`ce`k rebnhn s d{`xn be` kg kvxkrcer' k kxî kqcxn`he kgzreogkmn hk gn a{in hk in. R{ c`be`qk`ck`xk' ~{k c ngie eb{rrk k` {
c`xkrcer' fn hk mn`hnrk n {`n bnn kzkbcngctnhn znrn ~{k zer mkbn`c-
tnbcò` z{khn nbbkhkr ng c`xkrcer.
N~{í fnorín ~{k zrki{`xnr... µ~{k xn`xe zer bck`xe hk nqkrín xck`k
bnhn {`e hk `eexre k` kg bemzrker fkrmãxcbe hkg arcieríacbe hk bnn5
Ge bemzrkerk kmcfkrmãxcbe
Xck`k` k` znrxk gn qk`xndn hk ge fkrmãxcbe k` b{n`xe n kvk`bcò`
hk a{in' c k xck`k {` mí`cme hk b{chnhe k` qcicgnr kg kxnhe hk gn
{`ce`k. Ark`xk n ge nockrxe zrkk`xn gn hkqk`xndn hk ~{k n ci{nghnh
hk zexk`bcn noerochn' gn zexk`bcn arcieríacbn k mk`er &xnmocã` eb{rrk
k` ge fkrmãxcbe# k`xrk {` 2 n {` ;+< gòicbnmk`xk k hkok' n ~{k' kg rk-
arcikrn`xk kxî reon`he bnger ng mexer kgãbxrcbe' k` qkt hk reonrge k` kgkqnzernher beme krcn hkknogk znrn eoxk`kr kg k`arcnmck`xe zrkxk`hc-
he.
Fns ~{k remzkr {`n gn`tn k` be`xrn hk gn chkn ik`krngctnhn hk ~{k
ge bemzrkerk k /~{kmn`/< fes k` hín' ge onr`cbk kmzgknhe xck`k
{` zehkr hckgãbxrcbe ngxícme s gn zrexkbbce`k be`xrn eorkxkmzkrnx{-
rn s eorkc`xk`chnhk e` kvxrnerhc`nrcnmk`xk kakbxcqn' fnbck`he bnc
cmzecogk ~{k xng kqk`x{ngchnh z{khn eb{rrcr.
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 24/52
?8
Ge bemzrkerk nockrxe
Zrkk`xn` gn qk`xndn n`xk nz{`xnhn s xnmocã` ~{k z{khk` {nrk
be` b{ng~{ckr cxkmn mexrct &mexer kgãbxrcbe' hk kvzgecò`' kxb.#' zkre
xck`k` kg c`be`qk`ck`xk hk gn a{in hk in zer kg zrk`nkxezn' ~{k k
hcze`k k` kg kvxrkme hkg bci÷kþng ~{k ngk ng kvxkrcer' rkh{`hn`he k`
{` mn`xk`cmck`xe m{bfe mî kqkre s zer xn`xe mî bnre.
Rkn b{ng kn kg xcze' fns {` bemze`k`xk a{`hnmk`xng k` kg irnhe hk oe`-
hnh ~{k {` bemzrker z{khk xk`kr s k kg hk { mn`xk`cmck`xe zkrcòhc-
be berrkbxe' ní beme kg hk xehe ge hkmî bemze`k`xk hkg bcrb{cxe arc-
ieríacbe.
XK@HK@BCNR NBX[NGKR
Kg irn` hknrregge xkb`egòicbe k` gn anorcbnbcò` hk bemzrkerk'
d{`xe be` kg bnhn qkt mî ngxe bexe hkg mn`xk`cmck`xe' fn` hkbn`xnhe gn
anorcbnbcò` hk {`chnhk arcieríacbn aermnhn zer qnrce bemzrkerk hk
xcze fkrmãxcbe e kmcfkrmãxcbe' ark`xk n gn ezbcò` hk {` òge bemzrker
nockrxe. Gn hcqccò` hkg rckie hk nqkrín e n`ermngchnhk' k exrn rntò`
cmzerxn`xk ~{k fn ns{hnhe n kxk zrebke hk qnrcnbcò` hk brcxkrce.
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 25/52
?;
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 26/52
?1
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 27/52
?9
QN_CNBCE@ HK GN ZEXK@BCN A_CIE_CACBN
N qkbk' `e k`be`xrnme n`xk gn `kbkchnh hk ~{k {` hkxkrmc`n-
he bcbge arcieríacbe a{`bce`k k` rkiímk`k hk xkmzkrnx{rn hcakrk`xk s
zer xn`xe' gn zexk`bcn arcieríacbn {mc`cxrnhn xnmocã` ge krî.
Znrn nqkrci{nr gn rnte`k ~{k c`ag{sk` n gn zexk`bcn arcieríacbn k`
bnhn rãicmk`' fkme hk rkb{rrcr n gn kvzgcbnbcò` {` zebe mî k` zrea{`-
hchnh hkg a{`bce`nmck`xe hkg bemzrker.
R{ze`inme {` bemzrker hk {` òge bcgc`hre' xng s beme k ci`c-
acbn k` gn aci{rn.
K` gn aci{rn N' kg zcxò` k k`b{k`xrn k` { z{`xe m{krxe c`akrcer<
fn ggkinhe ng ac`ng hk gn bnrrkrn hkbk`hk`xk s xehe kg bcgc`hre kxî ggk`e
hk in n gn zrkcò` hk kqnzernbcò` Z:' k` gn O' kg zcxò` fn kmzktnhe {
bnrrkrn hk bemzrkcò`' gn qîgq{gn hk nzcrnbcò` s hkbnrin kxî` bkrrn-
hn' kg qeg{mk` eb{znhe zer kg in hcmc`{sk s zer xn`xe n{mk`xn {
zrkcò`.
K` gn B' gn zrkcò` c`xkrcer k ci{ngn be` gn zrkcò` hk hkbnrin Z>
norck`he s hkdn`he kbnznr kg in bemzrcmche be` hcrkbbcò` ng be`hk`-
nher.
K` gn H' kg zcxò` fn ggkinhe n { z{`xe m{krxe {zkrcer' ~{khn`he{` kznbce be` {`n hkxkrmc`nhn bn`xchnh hk in k` kg c`xkrcer hkg bcgc`-
hre n gn zrkcò` Z>' ~{k `e z{khk ngcr.
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 28/52
?6
Kxk kznbce hk`emc`nhe /kznbce m{krxe /ci`cacbn `ermngmk`xk
{` 2 ò 8+ hk gn bnrrkrn hkg zcxò` s k cmzrkbc̀ hcogk znrn zrkqk`cr ge
hnþe ~{k zehrín` ercic`nr gn hcgnxnbce`k {archn zer kg zcxò`' ockgn s
bci÷kþng.
K` gn K' kg zcxò` fn kmzktnhe { bnrrkrn hkbk`hk`xk' zkre gnqîgq{gn hk nzcrnbcò` `e zehrî norcrk s zer xn`xe' `e nzcrnrî in hkg
kqnzernher &~{k k kg ac` zkrki{che#' fnxn ~{k gn zrkcò` hkg in' ~{k
kxnon be`xk`che k` kg kznbce m{krxe' kn ci{ng n gn hk nzcrnbcò` Ze'
Beme qkme' kg kznbce m{krxe xck`k {`n c`ag{k`bcn `kinxcqn k` kg
qeg{mk` rkng oemoknhe zer {` bemzrker hk {`n hkxkrmc`nhn bcgc`hrn-
hn e qeg{mk` ikemãxrcbe onrrche zer kg mcme.
N~{í k b{mzgk gn rkgnbcò` hk ge ink4
Z > ¹ Q > = Z ? ¹ Q ? = L
Hk n~{í k hkh{bk' hk ~{k b{n`xe mnser k gn rkgnbcò` hk bemzrk-
cò` Z>%Z? xn`xe mk`er krî kg qeg{mk` rkng nzcrnhe s zer xn`xe mk`er
gn zexk`bcn arcieríacbn {mc`cxrnhn zer kg bemzrker.
KACBCK@BCN QEG[MKX_CBN
Rk hk`emc`n ní' n gn rkgnbcò` kvcxk`xk k`xrk kg qeg{mk` kakbxcqe
oemoknhe s kg qeg{mk` ikemãxrcbe onrrche zer {` bemzrker.
Zehrín zk`nrk ~{k kxk qnger z{khk kr fnggnhe hk aermn xkòrcbn
kiô` gn kb{nbcò` n`xkrcer' zkre kxe `e k zecogk sn ~{k fns exre anb-
xerk ~{k mexcqn` ~{k kn hcakrk`xk kg qeg{mk` rkng oemoknhe' xngk be-
me4
Zãrhchn hk in zer hkakbxe hk nd{xk hk qîgq{gn e zcxe`k.Bngk`xnmck`xe hkg in rkarcikrn`xk' b{n`he k`xrn k` be`xnbxe be`
gn znrkhk hkg bcgc`hre.
_kh{bbcò` hkg qeg{mk` nzcrnhe zer kg nbkcxk rkarcikrn`xk hk gn
znrkhk hk gn bnmcn s hk gn bnoktn hkg zcxò`.
In rkarcikrn`xk hc{kgxe k` kg nbkcxk kvcxk`xk hk`xre hkg bcgc`hre.
Beme xehe kxe anbxerk e` cmzecogk hk kqng{nr hk aermn xkò-
rcbn' xehe ge anorcbn`xk hk bemzrkerk xck`k` { b{rqn hk kacbck`bcn
qeg{mãxrcbn mkhchn k` on`be hk zr{kon s ~{k `ermngmk`xk gn hn` k`a{`bcò` hk gn rkgnbcò` hk bemzrkcò`.
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 29/52
?3
[` kdkmzge rkng hk gn b{rqn anbcgcxnhn zer ge anorcbn`xk' kxî
rkagkdnhe k` gn aci{rn ci{ck`xk4
BNZNBCHNH A_CIE_CACBN KRZKBCACBN
Znrn ~{k z{khn qkrk hk {`n mn`krn be`xrnxnhn gn c`ag{k`bcn hk
gn xkmzkrnx{rn hk kqnzernbcò` s be`hk`nbcò` k` gn zexk`bcn arcieríac-
bn' qnme n bngb{gnr znrn hcakrk`xk qngerk gn zexk`bcn rkakrchn n {` m2
hk in nzcrnhe zer kg bemzrker znrn kg rkarcikrn`xk _-?? &kg mî {{ng
k` `{kxrn {`chnhk#' hk nb{krhe be` ge qngerk k`be`xrnhe k` gn xn-
ogn berrkze`hck`xk ng /A_CIK@/ ?? kvz{kxn k` zîic`n n`xkrcerk.
Kg bîgb{ge kxî eoxk`che zer gn nzgcbnbcò` hk gn kb{nbcò`4
^ = m ¹ &c > - c ? #
He`hk4
^ = Zexk`bcn arcieríacbn kzkbíacbn.
m = Mnn hk > m2 hk in _-??.
c > - c ? = Hcakrk`bcn hk k`xngzcn k`xrk qnzer s gí~{che.
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 30/52
2:
Zehkme bemzreonr ~{k znrn {`n mcmn xkmzkrnx{rn hk be`hk`-
nbcò`' zer kdkmzge 8:ºB.' gn bnznbchnh arcieríacbn znn n kr hk 112'6
Arci. znrn {`n xkmzkrnx{rn hk kqnzernbcò` hk -;ºB. n kg qnger hk >:32';
Arci. znrn {`n xkmzkrnx{rn hk kqnzernbcò` hk >:ºB.
Gn bnznbchnh zer xn`xe fn n{mk`xnhe `nhn mk`e ~{k k` {`18'9+' hk kxnr kqnzern`he n -;ºB. n kxnr kqnzern`he n , >:ºB.
Zer kg be`xrnrce' znrn {`n xkmzkrnx{rn hk kqnzernbcò` hk :ºB.' gn
bnznbchnh znrn {`n xkmzkrnx{rn hk be`hk`nbcò` hk 8:ºB.' k hk 966';
Arci. ark`xk n 1;;'2 Arci.' znrn {`n be`hk`nbcò` hk 1:ºB.
B{n`he k xrnh{bk n zerbk`xndk' k`be`xrnme ~{k fn hcmc`{che
k` {` >1'3+. Rc nhkmî hkg xkrmexîxcbe n`xk qcxe' be`chkrnme kganbxer zrkexîxcbe' gn qnrcnbce`k hk gn zexk`bcn arcieríacbn ~{khn` m{-
bfe mî nirnqnhn beme qnme n xk`kr ebncò` hk bemzreonr.
Hk gn xnogn hkg _-??' eoxk`kme ge qngerk4
Xkmzkrnx{rn ́ B -; : ,; ,>: ,8: ,1:
Zrkcò` Nxm. 8'2:?; ;':96: ;'3;29 1'3298 >;';131 ?8'1?>6
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 31/52
2>
K`xrn`he k` gn xnogn hk kacbck`bcn qeg{mãxrcbn hk gn aci{rn n`xk-
rcer be` ge hnxe hk gn rkgnbce`k hk bemzrkcò` eoxk`chn znrn ge qn-
gerk be`xkmzgnhe n`xkrcermk`xk' eoxk`kme4
_b &-;´' 8:´# = >;';131%8'2:?; = 2'1>3
_b &>:´' 8:´# = >;';131%1'3298 = ?'?88
_b &:´' 8:´# = >;';131%;':96: = 2':11
_b &:´' 1:´# = ?8'1?>6%;':96: = 8'683
Rc be` kxe qngerk k`xrnme k` gn xnogn' k`be`xrnme gn ci{ck`-
xk kacbck`bcn qeg{mãxrcbn4
Kq & -;º' 8:º# = 6:+
Kq &>:º' 8:º# = 69'6+
Kq & :º'8:º# = 62+
Kq & :º'1:º# = 92+
_kngmk`xk `{kxre bemzrker fczexãxcbe be` {` qeg{mk` oemokn-
he xkòrcbe hk >m2%f. kxî nzcrn`he ge zerbk`xndk n`xk kvz{kxe. Zer
xn`xe' gn zexk`bcn arcieríacbn kzkbíacbn ~{khn k` hkac`cxcqn hnhn zer geqngerk4
& -;º' 8:º# = 112'6.:'6 = ;2>': Arci.%f
&>:º' 8:º# = >:32'; . :'696 = 31:'> Arci.%f.
& :º' 8:º# = 966';. :'62 = 1;8'; Arci.%f. & :º'1:º# = 1;;'2.:'92 = 896'8 Arci.%f.
Rc be`chkrnme beme n`xk {`n mcmn xkmzkrnx{rn hk be`hk`n-bcò` hk 8:ºB.' gn qnrcnbcò` ~{k {ark hk kxnr kqnzern`he n -;ºB.' n kxnr
kqnzern`he n >:ºB.' k hk 6:'6+. Kxn qnrcnbcò` be`krqn`he be`xn`xk
gn kqnzernbcò` n :ºB.' ci`cacbn ~{k hk znnr hk 8:ºB. n 1:ºB. k` be`hk`-
nbcò`' {ze`k {`n hcmc`{bcò` hk ?1'3+.
‗K@ BE@BG[RCE@' [@ N[MK@XE HK GN _KGNBCÒ@ HK BEMZ_K-RCE@ GK BE__KRZE@HK [@N HCRMC@[BCE@ HK GN ZEXK@BCN A_CIE_ÍAC-
BN HK GN [@CHNH K@A_CNHE_N.”
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 32/52
2?
ZEXK@BCN A_CIÒ_CACBN S K@K_ICN NORE_OCHN ZE_ BEMZ_KRE_ XCZE
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 33/52
22
KQNZE_NHE_KR
Fnognrkme n~{í kvbg{cqnmk`xk hk ge mî {{ngk' e kn' hk ge
hk`emc`nhe /kvzn`cò` kbn/ e /kvzn`cò` hcrkbxn/< k` kgge' gn ngc-
mk`xnbcò` hkg kqnzernher k rki{gnhn zer {`n qîgq{gn hk kvzn`cò`' hk
mn`krn ~{k kg rkarcikrn`xk k kqnzern xexngmk`xk k` kg c`xkrcer hk ge
x{oe.
B{n`he kg ag{che n k`arcnr k ni{n' ngm{krn hk kxcgk`igcbeg' e ngiô`
exre gí~{che' bemô`mk`xk `e rkakrcme n ãg beme /k`arcnher hk ni{n
hk kvzn`cò` kbn/.
Rc kg ag{che k`arcnhe k ncrk' k gk hk`emc`n
/onxkrín hk kvzn`cò` hcrkbxn/.
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 34/52
28
K@A_CNHE_KR HK NI[N
Kvcxk` aermn be`xr{bxcqn hcqkrn' zer kdkmzge kg rkzrkk`xn-
he nrrcon k hk /x{oe k` fer~{cggn/' mck`xrn ~{k kg hk gn aci{rn c-
i{ck`xk k hk /x{oe rkbxe/.
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 35/52
2;
Kg ni{n n k`arcnr bcrb{gn zer kg kznbce ~{k ~{khn k`xrk kg c`xkrcer
hk gn bnmcn s kg kvxkrcer hk ge x{oe' ck`he eogcinhn n rkberrkr {` bcr-
b{cxe k` tcitni' kiô` gn hczecbcò` hk {`n krck hk onagk e kznrnherk.
Kxe kznrnherk k bngb{gn` hk
aermn kvfn{xcqn' xn`xe k` { kznrnbcò`
beme k` kg kimk`xe bcrb{gnr ~{k k ber-
xn' k` nrn hk {` mnser nzreqkbfnmck`-
xe hkg c`xkrbnmoce xãrmcbe.
Kg rkarcikrn`xk bcrb{gn zer kg c`xkrcer hk ge x{oe' fnbck`he xn`xe
rkberrche beme zer bîgb{ge fnsn` ngche' be` kg ac` hk ~{k gn qkgebchn-
hk kn` ezxcmn s kg rk`hcmck`xe hk c`xkrbnmoce mnser. Xnmocã` k
hcze`k`' k` kg c`xkrcer hk ge x{oe zer ge ~{k znn kg rkarcikrn`xkgí~{che' {`n kxrkggn hk ng{mc`ce hk zkracg kzkbcng' be` kg mcme ac` hk
n{mk`xnr rk`hcmck`xe.
ONXK_CN HK KVZN@RCE@ HC_KBXN
Kxn aermnhn zer {` krzk`xí` hk x{oe hk beork s {` be`d{`xe e
zn~{kxk hk ngkxn hk ng{mc`ce ògchnmk`xk {`che ng krzk`xí` hk x{oe hk
beork' me`xnhe k` {` mnrbe mkxîgcbe4 kg ncrk cmz{gnhe zer qk`xcgnhe-rk k fnbk znnr n xrnqã hk kxk /rnhcnher/ zreh{bcã`hek { k`arcn-
mck`xe.
Kg hckþe hk ge bcrb{cxe hkg rkarcikrn`xk' kgkbbcò` hkg hcîmkxre
hk bnzcgnrk hk ngcmk`xnbcò` hk bnhn bcrb{cxe' qkgebchnhk hkg ncrk' `ômk-
re hk ngkxn zer z{ginhn' kxb.' e` znrîmkxre ~{k nbxôn` hkbccqnmk`xk
k` kg rk`hcmck`xe hk c`xkrbnmoce s ~{k zer {z{kxe fn hk kr mkxcb{ge-
nmk`xk bngb{gnhn.
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 36/52
21
BE@HK@RNHE_
Gn mccò` hkg be`hk`nher hk`xre hkg bcrb{cxe arcieríacbe k gn hk
k`arcnr s be`hk`nr kg in rkarcikrn`xk zrebkhk`xk hkg bemzrker' zer
bkcò` hk bnger n {` ag{che kvxkrcer.
Kg bnger ~{k kg rkarcikrn`xk xck`k ~{k hccznr k` kg be`hk`nher' k
{mn hkg ~{k noerocò k` kg kqnzernher &zexk`bcn arcieríacbn hk gn {`c-
hnh# s n~{kg ~{k k fn zreh{bche k` kg bemzrker zer kg xrnonde rkngctn-
he k` gn bemzrkcò`.
N xcx{ge c`aermnxcqe' kvze`kme n be`xc`{nbcò` {`n xnogn hk
/bekacbck`xk hk zreh{bbcò` xãrmcbn/ ~{k zkrmcxk be`ebkr kg bnger ~{k
fn hk hccznrk k` kg be`hk`nher k` a{`bcò` hk gn xkmzkrnx{rn hk kqn-
zernbcò` s be`hk`nbcò`' be` ege m{gxczgcbnr gn zexk`bcn arcieríacbn hk gn{`chnh zer kg bekacbck`xk k`be`xrnhe k` kggn.
BEKACBCK@XK HK Z_EH[BBCE@ XK_MCBN K@ BEMZ_KR:_KR FK_MKXCBER s RKMCFK_MKXCBER
@ermngmk`xk' kg anorcbn`xk hk k~{cze arcieríacbe hn beme hnxe
a{`hnmk`xngk gn zexk`bcn arcieríacbn s gn zexk`bcn noerochn hk aermn
~{k z{khk bngb{gnrk aîbcgmk`xk kg bnger n hccznr k` kg be`hk`nher.
Zer kdkmzge4 Zexk`bcn arcieríacbn --;:.::: Aci.%f.
Zexk`bcn noerochn-- ?: Ly.
Kg bnger n hccznr k` kg be`hk`nher4
^=;:.::: ,?: ¹ 61: = ;:'::: , >9.?:: = 19.?:: Lbng%f.
XKMZK_NX[_N HK
KQNZE_NBCÒ@ K@ ´ B X¤ hk
Be`hk`nbcò`
k` ´B-?; -?: ->; ->: -; : ; >:
>.89 >.8> >.21 >.2> >.?9 >.?2 >.?: >.>9>.;> >.8; >.23 >.28 >.2: >.?1 >.?2 >.?:
>.;; >.83 >.82 >.26 >.22 >.?3 >.?1 >.?2
>.1? >.;8 >.89 >.8? >.29 >.22 >.?3 >.?1
>.13 >.1: >.;2 >.89 >.8? >.29 >.22 >.?3
>.99 >.16 >.1: >.;2 >.89 >.8? >.29 >.22
2:2;
8:
8;
;:
;;
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 37/52
29
XCZER HK BE@HK@RNHE_KR
Hkzk`hck`he hkg ag{che ~{k k kmzgkk znrn be`ki{cr ~{k k be`-
hk`k kg in rkarcikrn`xk' k hcxc`i{k` he xcze4 rkarcikrnhe zer ni{n s
rkarcikrnhe zer ncrk.
Be`hk`nbcò` zer ni{n
Kg mî bemô`mk`xk kmzgknhe k kg hk`emc`nhe /me`eogeb ferc-
te`xng c`{`hnhe hk bnrbnn s fnt hk x{oe/ ' n~{í rkzrkk`xnhe<
Kg rkarcikrn`xk k`xrn zer gn znrxk {zkrcer' k k`b{k`xrn be` kg fnt
hk x{oe n {`n xkmzkrnx{rn mî ondn' bkhk bnger s k be`hk`n eork gn
{zkracbck kvxkrcer hkg fnt hk x{oe zer b{se c`xkrcer bcrb{gn ni{n. Ge
x{oe hkg fnt ik`krngmk`xk e` hk beork be` ngkxn kvxkrcerk znrn be`-
ki{cr {`n mnser {zkracbck hk xrn`mccò`. Gn bnrbnn s ge bnoktngk k`
nbkre. Gn ge`icx{hk' `ômkre hk zne hkg ni{n' qkgebchnh' hczecbcò`
hk x{oe' kxb.' fn` hk kr zkrakbxnmk`xk bngb{gnhn s xck`k` {`n k`ermkc`ag{k`bcn k` gn xrn`mccò` hk bnger.
Be`hk`nbcò` zer ncrk
Kg rkarcikrn`xk bcrb{gn zer kg c`xkrcer hk {` krzk`xí` ~{k k nxrn-
qknhe zer {`n berrck`xk hk ncrk zreh{bchn zer {`e qk`xcgnherk. Kg kr-
zk`xí` hk x{oe &ik`krngmk`xk hk beork# hcze`k hk {` zn~{kxk hk ngk-
xn &ik`krngmk`xk hk ng{mc`ce# n ac` hk be`ki{cr {`n mnser {zkracbckhk xrn`mccò`. Kg be`d{`xe k k`nmogn k` {` mnrbe mkxîgcbe znrn hnrgk
rcichkt< rkbcok k`xe`bk kg `emork hk /onxkrín be`hk`nhern/.
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 38/52
26
QNGQ[GN HK KVZN@RCE@ XK_MERXNXCBN
Kxk kgkmk`xe hkg bcbge arcieríacbe' k kg k`bnrinhe hk mn`xk`kr kg
bn{hng `kbknrce hk gc~{che rkarcikrn`xk' n xrnqã hkg kqnzernher' znrn
be`ki{cr gn zrkxnbce`k arcieríacbn rk~{krchn' be` kg mîvcme rk`hc-
mck`xe. Rc gn bn`xchnh hk gí~{che k zk~{kþn' gn {zkracbck hkg kqnzernher
`e k nzreqkbfn kacbntmk`xk4 mck`xrn ~{k' c gn bn`xchnh hk gí~{che k
kvbkcqn' `e xck`k g{inr gn bemzgkxn kqnzernbcò`' be` be`kb{k`bcn irn-
qk.
Znrn be`ki{cr gn bn`xchnh hk gí~{che zrkbcn k` kg kqnzernher' gn
qîgq{gn qnrín kg irnhe hk nokrx{rn hkg ercacbce hk zne' hk {`n mn`krn
n{xemîxcbn' nbx{n`he hkg mehe ci{ck`xk4
Gn zrkcò` hkg o{goe ~{k nbxôn k` gn znrxk {zkrcer hkg hcnarnimn'xk`hck`he n norcr kg ercacbce hk zne' k be`xrnrrkxnhn zer gn hk kqnzern-
bcò` &xemnhn mkhcn`xk kg kb{ngctnher hk zrkcò`' k` gn gí`kn hk nzcrn-
bcò`# s gn hkg m{kggk ~{k xck`hk n bkrrnrge.
Kg k~{cgcorce znrn {`n be`hcbce`k hkxkrmc`nhn' k be`ci{k
b{n`he gn zrkcò` hkg o{goe' k ci{ng n gn {mn hk gn hk kqnzernbcò` s gn
hkg m{kggk. Rc k` kxk z{`xe n{mk`xn gn bnrin xãrmcbn hkg kqnzernher' kg
gí~{che xkrmc`nrî n`xk hk kqnzernrk' n{mk`xn`he { xkmzkrnx{rn< kxk
n{mk`xe k xrn`mcxche n gn mktbgn hk gí~{che-in k`bkrrnhe k` kg o{goe'n{mk`xn`he { zrkcò` s zer xn`xe' norck`he kg zne hk gí~{che fnxn
be`ki{cr rkxnogkbkr kg z{`xe hk k~{cgcorce. Rc zer kg be`xrnrce' hkbck`-
hk gn bnrin xãrmcbn' gn xkmzkrnx{rn hkg in n gn ngchn hkg kqnzernher
hkbck`hk s zer xn`xe' gn zrkcò` k` kg o{goe hk gn qîgq{gn xnmocã`' bk-
rrn`he kg zne hk gí~{che ng kqnzernher.
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 39/52
23
GN [@CHNH K@A_CNHE_NµBE@HK@RNHN ZE_ NC_K E BE@HK@RNHN ZE_ NI[N5
Gn hccznbcò` hkg bnger k` kg be`hk`nher kmzgkn`he {` mkhce {
exre k ckmzrk mexcqe hk h{hn zer znrxk hkg {{nrce hk {`n c`xngn-
bcò`. Gk fn` hcbfe.... gk fn` bemk`xnhe .... /~{k gn hk ni{n k mkder ~{k gn
hk ncrk/ s n~{í ~{khn kxn`bnhe b{ng~{ckr rnte`nmck`xe. C`xk`xkme ze-
`kr ngi{`n g{t k` kg n{`xe.
Fnognme hk ni{n rkb{zkrnhn be` xerrk hkdn`he hk gnhe exrn nzgc-
bnbce`k be` ni{n zkrhchn sn kn hk zete' rce. kxb. Kg zrc`bczce hk a{`bce-
`nmck`xe hk {`n xerrk hk rkarcikrnbcò`' k kg k`arcnmck`xe hkg ni{n nzre-
qkbfn`he kg bnger ~{k noerok znrxk hk gn mcmn b{n`he k kqnzern' k`-
arcn`he ng rkxe ~{k ~{khn. @e k` qn`e k` ngi{`e zník k gk hk`emc`n/xerrk kqnzernxcqn/.
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 40/52
8:
Gòicbnmk`xk kxnme kqnzern`he kg ni{n z{rn s k` kg ni{n ~{k
~{khn' k kxî c`brkmk`xn`he gn bn`xchnh hk ngk' kgkqn`he gn be`bk`-
xrnbcò` hk gn xkmchn bng.
Kvcxk {` nrrnxrk hk iexn hk ni{n n bn{n hk gn berrck`xk hk ncrk
~{k k brkn be` ge qk`xcgnherk ~{k z{khk xk`kr qngerk bemzrk`hchek`xrk kg :'? s kg :'6+ hkg bn{hng hk ni{n k` bcrb{gnbcò`.
N ac` hk ~{k `e zreirkk hk aermn zkgciren gn be`bk`xrnbcò` hk
bng' fn hk rkze`krk ng mk`e gn mcmn bn`xchnh hk ni{n ~{k k kqnzerò
s hkdn`he kbnznr gn ~{k eork zer kg rkoenhkre e ock` zer kg ircae hk
z{rin hk gn xerrk.
Zer xn`xe' kg ni{n be`{mchn k` {`n xerrk znrn hccznr >::.:::
Lbng%f k4
Ni{n kqnzernhn4 >::.:::%;23 = >6; g%f.
Ni{n nrrnxrnhn4 >::.:::%; v :'::; = >:: g%f.
Ni{n rkz{kxn = Ni{n kqnzernhn = >6; g%f.
Rck`he4 ;23 kg bnger gnxk`xk hk qnzerctnbcò` hkg ni{n'
; kg ngxe xãrmcbe hkg ni{n n gn k`xrnhn s ngchn.
K` rk{mk`' kxnme be`{mck`he 89: g%f. znrn kgcmc`nr gn>::.::: Lbng%f.
B{n`he qknme kg bîgb{ge hkg bekacbck`xk igeong hk xrn`mccò` hk
bnger' qkrkme ~{k k qn` {mn`he gn rkcxk`bcn xãrmcbn. Gn /bng/
xck`k gn znrxcb{gnrchnh n`òmngn ~{k k fnbk c`eg{ogk b{n`xe mnser k gn
xkmzkrnx{rn s beme kg z{`xe mî bngck`xk e` ge x{oe hkg be`hk`n-
her' k crî hkzecxn`he k` kgge aermn`he {`n bnzn ~{k cmzchn ~{k k
xrn`mcxn kg bnger.
Gn rkzkrb{ce`k eork kg bcbge arcieríacbe e` c`mkhcnxn s k rk-
agkdn` k` gn kb{nbcò` ik`krng hk xrn`mccò` hk bnger4
^ = L ¹ R ¹ Θx.
Rc L k qn fnbck`he bnhn qkt mk`er znrn ~{k zkrmn`ktbn be`xn`-
xk gn ci{nghnh' `kbknrcnmk`xk fn hk fnbkrk mnser kg Θx .
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 41/52
8>
Beme kxn Θx hkac`k gn hcakrk`bcn kvcxk`xk k`xrk gn xkmzkrnx{rn hk
k`xrnhn hkg ni{n s gn hk be`hk`nbcò`' bnhn qkt k fnrî mnser gn xkmzk-
rnx{rn hk be`hk`nbcò`.
Beme qkínme k` gn zexk`bcn kzkbíacbn' b{n`xe mnser k gn xkmzk-
rnx{rn hk be`hk`nbcò` mk`er k gn zexk`bcn arcieríacbn.Nhkmî hkg zreogkmn hk gn /bng/ kxî kg hkg mn`xk`cmck`xe ng xrn-
xnrk hk {` bcrb{cxe nockrxe kvz{kxe n rkbeikr xehe xcze hk kgkmk`xe
kvxrnþe< kg be`xreg hk ngin be` zreh{bxe ~{ímcbe< kg qnbcnhe hkz{ã
hk gn znrnhn s { gcmzcktn be`kb{k`xk' kxb.
K` be`hk`nbcò` zer ncrk `e kqcxnme hk xehe kxk renrce hk hcac-
b{gxnhk ng xk`kr {` ag{che gcmzce s irnx{cxe.
Kg zer~{ã `e k fn hcz{kxe fnxn nfern be` mî zrea{cò` gn be`-hk`nbcò` zer ncrk fns ~{k nbfnbnrge ô`cbnmk`xk n nzkbxe xkb`egòic-
be k` { anorcbnbcò`.
Be`xr{bxcqnmk`xk e` onxn`xk hcakrk`xk. Mck`xrn ~{k kg hk
ni{n kxî aermnhe zer {` fnt hk x{oe hk beork hk`xre hk {`n bnrbnn
hk nbkre be` {`n hcmk`ce`k rkh{bchn< kg hk ncrk' aermnhe zer x{oe
hk beork s ngkxn hk ng{mc`ce' fn hk xk`kr irn`hk hcmk`ce`k ng kr
m{s zk~{kþe kg bekacbck`xk hk xrn`mccò` hk bnger be` rkzkbxe ng ncrk s
zer xn`xe' kvcicr irn`hk {zkracbck hk xrn`mccò`. Hk ngi{`n aermn kbe`chkrnon ~{k gn be`hk`nbcò` zer ncrk fnoín ~{k bcrb{`brcocrgn ô`c-
bnmk`xk n ge nbe`hcbce`nherk hk ncrk hk xcze hemãxcbe.
Gn c`xngnbcò` hk {`n {`chnh hk be`hk`nbcò` zer ncrk be` qk`xcgn-
herk nvcngk' fn hk fnbkrk k` kznbce gcork' kvk`xe hk eoxîb{ge ~{k
z{khn` cmzkhcr kg zne hkg ncrk' xn`xe k` gn k`xrnhn n gn onxkrín be`hk`-
nhern' beme k` gn ngchn hk ge qk`xcgnherk. Kxî` hckþnhn znrn kr
c`xngnhn n gn c`xkmzkrck s zer xn`xe z{khk` kr hcz{kxn kznbce `e
nzreqkbfnogk beme xkbfe s xkrrntn.
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 42/52
8?
ZEXK@BCN A_CIE_CACBN K@ NI[N S K@ NC_K
Rckmzrk k eodkxe hk hcb{cò` kxk xkmn n gn fern hk zreskbxnr
{`n c`xngnbcò`.
_kxer`n`he n gn zexk`bcn arcieríacbn kzkbcacbn hk {` bcbge arcieríac-be' qkme ~{k kakbxcqnmk`xk b{n`xe mnser k gn xkmzkrnx{rn hk be`hk`-
nbcò` mk`er k gn zexk`bcn arcieríacbn. Qnme k`xe`bk n bemzreonr ~{k
hcakrk`bcn hk xkmzkrnx{rn z{khk` fnokr k` nmoe bne.
Gn xkmzkrnx{rn hk zreskbxe znrn gn he be`hk`nbce`k e`
`ermngmk`xk4
K` ni{n = Xkmzkrnx{rn k`xrnhn ni{n , >: ´B = 2: , >: = 8: ´B
K` ncrk = Xkmzkrnx{rn hkg ncrk nmock`xk , >8 ´B = 2; , >8 = 83 ´B
Kakbxcqnmk`xk krín k` be`hcbce`k `ermngk' c`akrcer gn hk ncrk
~{k gn hk ni{n. Zkre h{rn`xk gn ãzebn hk qk`hcmcn k` m{s zebn te`n
kznþegn k {zkrn gn xkmzkrnx{rn mkhcn nmock`xk hk ?;ºB.' zer xn`xe4
K` ncrk = ?; , >8 = 23 ´B.
K` be`bg{cò`' n qkbk' k` be`hk`nbcò` zer ncrk' gn zexk`bcn arc-
ieríacbn hk gn {`chnh z{khk kr mnser ~{k gn mcmn be`hk`n`he zer
ni{n.
Rc be`chkrnme kg be`xkvxe xexng hk gn c`xngnbcò`' z{khk ngcr
k`kriãxcbnmk`xk hkanqernogk gn be`hk`nbcò` zer ni{n ark`xk n gn hk
be`hk`nbcò` zer ncrk. k` kakbxe' gn zexk`bcn noerochn znrn {`n mc-
mn zexk`bcn arcieríacbn {mc`cxrnhn krî`4
Zer kg bemzrker 4 Be`hk`nbcò` zer ncrk = Be`hk`nbcò` zer ni{n.
Zer qk`xcgnbcò`4 Ge hk gn onxkrín hk be`hk`nbcò`
p Ge hk gn xerrk hk k`arcnmck`xe
Zer oemon hk ni{n arín 4 Be`hk`nbcò` zer ncrk = Be`hk`nbcò` zer ni{n.
Zer oemon ni{n be`hk`nbcò` 4 @e kvcxk k` be`hk`nbcò` zer ncrk.
G{kie k` gn c`xngnbcò` hk be`hk`nbcò` zer ni{n' z{khk fnokr {`
be`{me k`kriãxcbe {zkrcer hkoche n gn oemon ~{k {mc`cxrn kg ni{n n
gn xerrk ~{k k c`kvcxk`xk k` gn be`hk`nbcò` zer ncrk. Zer xn`xe' k` qk`-
hcmcn' n ci{nghnh hk zexk`bcn arcieríacbn zreh{bchn' gn zexk`bcn noerochn
zer {`n c`xngnbcò` be`hk`nbcò` zer ncrk' z{khk kr mk`er ~{k k` {`nhk be`hk`nbcò` zer ni{n.
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 43/52
82
OEMON HK BNGE_
Zecogkmk`xk gn h{hn mî e mk`e ik`krngctnhn eork kxk xãrmc-
`e ~{k kxî n `cqkg hk bnggk zer kr bnhn qkt hk mî arkb{k`xk {e' kn
zrkbcnmk`xk kg qebnoge. ^{ctî fnorín ~{k fnognr hk {`chnhk ~{k oem-
okn` bnger.
K` kg k~{kmn ~{k rkzreh{bínme kg bcbge arcieríacbe' ng fnognr hkg
kqnzernher ge fnbínme beme {` c`xkrbnmocnher ~{k xk`ín zer mccò`
bnzxnr bnger hkg mkhce ~{k gk rehknon' e kn' k`arcnon kxk mkhce.
Zer kg be`xrnrce' kg be`hk`nher krn kg c`xkrbnmocnher ~{k xk`ín
zer mccò` bkhkr bnger e kn' bngk`xnr n exre mkhce.
Z{k ock`' b{n`he {` bcrb{cxe arcieríacbe ge nzreqkbfnme znrn
bnzxnr bnger' e kn' k`arcnr' ge hk`emc`nrkme /[@CHNH K@A_CNHE_N/ '
s c ge nzreqkbfnme znrn bngk`xnr' ge hk`emc`nrkme /OEMON HK BN-
GE_/.
[`n {`chnh nbe`hcbce`nhern hk qk`xn`n bgîcbn' k bemzerxn beme
k`arcnhern znrn kg c`xkrcer hkg >: bng. he`hk kxî s bngkanbxern znrn gn bn-
ggk. Rc `eexre k` c`qckr`e aícbnmk`xk gk hcãkme {` icre hk >6:´' kxn-me n`xk {`n oemon hk bnger zer ge ~{k rkzkbxn ng nzreqkbfnmck`xe' sn
~{k' kxnme reon`he bnger ng ncrk hk gn bnggk s ge kxnme c`xreh{bck`he
k` gn fnocxnbcò` n nbe`hcbce`nr. K zrkbcnmk`xk gn c`qkrcò` hk bcbge' kg
bnmoce hk . znzkgk fnbck`he ~{k kg be`hk`nher k bemzerxk beme kqn-
zernher s ng be`xrnrce' ge ~{k hk {`n mn`krn n{xemîxcbn k rkngctn k` gn
{`chnhk be` oemon hk bnger ~{k k bemkrbcngctn`. [`n qîgq{gn hk b{n-
xre qín k gn k`bnrinhn hk be`ki{cr kxn c`qkrcò`.
Beme zrc`bczce' sn a{k k`{`bcnhe zer BN_@EX' n{`~{k x{qe g{inr
{` hknrregge zexkrcer zer Gerh LKGQC@ s { zrc`bczce hk bemkrbcngctn-
bcò` a{k k` kg >.3;: k` ge KK.[[.
Gn oemon hk bnger zer xn`xe' k {` cxkmn hk nzreqkbfnmck`xe
k`kriãxcbe k` kg ~{k' kg bnger kvcxk`xk n {` `cqkg hk xkmzkrnx{rn onde' k
ggkqnhe n {` `cqkg hk xkmzkrnx{rn ngxe' k` he`hk xck`k g{inr { nzreqk-
bfnmck`xe.
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 44/52
88
Gn oemon hk bnger k hk`emc`n` be` he nzkggche. Kg zrcmkre rkzrk-
k`xn kg ag{che hkg b{ng k kvxrnk bnger s kg ki{`he kg ag{che ng ~{k k bk-
hk s he`hk xck`k g{inr { nzreqkbfnmck`xe. Hk kxn aermn z{khk` kvcxcr
gn bemoc`nbce`k ci{ck`xk4
ncrk-ncrk<
ncrk-ni{n<
ni{n-ncrk<
ni{n-ni{n.
Rckmzrk {rik gn zrki{`xn hk ~{k bn`xchnh hk bnger zehkme kv-
xrnkr n {` ncrk n :ºB. e' zer `e hkbcr' be` xkmzkrnx{rn mî ondn. Z{k
ock`' xehe ag{che fnxn kg bkre noeg{xe' e kn' -?92ºB. xck`k bnger s zer
xn`xe z{khk kr kvxrníhe' kg zreogkmn rnhcbn k` k`be`xrnr gn aermn hkbe`ki{crge.
Kg bnger ckmzrk qn hkg aebe mî bngck`xk ng mî aríe' zer xn`xe' c k
~{ckrk kvxrnkr bnger hk {` ncrk n ->;ºB.' ge ~{k k fnrî k brknr {`n be`-
hcbce`k hk -?:ºB ò ?;ºB' hk aermn ~{k kg bnger n /`cqkg ngxe ->;ºB/ znk
ng /`cqkg onde -?:ºB/.
Qegqck`he n gn aci{rn hk rkakrk`bcn' kg bekacbck`xk hk kacbck`bcnk`kriãxcbn' qck`k hkac`che zer gn rkgnbcò`4
B.K.K. = gí`kn NO , gí`kn OB % gí`kn OB = Bnger bkhche k` kg be`hk`nh.% Bnger hkg xrnonde hk bemzrkcò`
Kg arcieríacbe hk bnn' znrn `eexre k bemzerxn beme {`n oemon
hk bnger. Kvxrnkme kg bnger hk ge ngcmk`xe be`xk`che k` { c`xkrcer
mkhcn`xk kg be`ikgnher &kqnzernher# s kxk bnger k bkhche ng nmock`xkhkg rkbc`xe he`hk kxî kg arcieríacbe zer gn rkdcggn zexkrcer
&be`hk`nher#.
Xk`kme rkngmk`xk {`n oemon hk bnger ncrk-ncrk.
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 45/52
8;
X_N@RMCRCE@ HK BNGE_. NRZKBXER IK@K_NGKR
Xn`xe kg kqnzernher beme kg be`hk`nher e` c`xkrbnmocnherk
hk bnger' ní beme ge hcxc`xe kgkmk`xe ~{k g{kie qnme n kmzgknr
znrn kg k`arcnmck`xe hkg mexe e hkg qc`e. K `kbknrce zer xn`xe' xrnxnr
kxk xkmn n{`~{k kn hk mn`krn emkrn znrn ~{k z{khn erck`xnrk hk
ngi{`n mn`krn' kg brcxkrce hk kgkbbcò` hk ge bemze`k`xk hk gn c`xngn-
bcò`' hk be`xreg hk xkmzkrnx{rn e hk kxnocgctnbcò`.
Kg bnger bkhche zer {` mkhce n {`n xkmzkrnx{rn x > n exre n {`n
xkmzkrnx{rn x ? qck`k hkac`che zer gn kb{nbcò`4
^ = L ¹ R ¹ &x> - x?#
K` he`hk4
^ = Bn`xchnh hk bnger bkhchn k` Lbng.%f.
L = Beka. igeong hk xrn`mccò` hk bnger k` Lbng%m? ¹ f ¹ ´B
R = R{zkracbck hk be`xnbxe hk ge mkhce k` m?
&x> - x?# = Hca. hk xkmzkrnx{rn k`xrk ge he mkhce k` ´B.
K` kg zrebke hk c`xkrbnmoce xãrmcbe' gn xkmzkrnx{rn c`cbcng x>
hkbck`hk zn{gnxc`nmk`xk s gn x? n{mk`xn' rntò` zer gn ~{k ng bnoe hk
{` bckrxe xckmze gn hcakrk`bcn hk xkmzkrnx{rn sn `e krî x> - x? c `e ~{k
fnorî hcmc`{che s zer xn`xe gn bn`xchnh hk bnger xrn`mcxche krî mk-
`er.
Znrn be`chkrnr kxn qnrcnbcò` k c`xreh{bk k` gn aòrm{gn n`xkrcerkg be`bkzxe hk xkmzkrnx{rn mkhcn geinríxmcbn Θxm. ~{k hkac`k gn hcak-
rk`bcn hk xkmzkrnx{rn h{rn`xk xehe kg zrebke.
Gn kb{nbcò` ik`krng hk gn xrn`mccò` hk bnger ~{khn hk gn aermn4
^ = L ¹ R ¹ Θxm.
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 46/52
81
BEKACBCK@XK IGEONG HK X_N@RMCRCE@ HK BNGE_
B{n`he gn xrn`mccò` xck`k g{inr k`xrk he ag{che ~{k kxî` kzn-
rnhe zer {`n znrkh' kg bnger fn hk xrn`mcxcrk n gn {zkracbck hk gn zn-
rkh' nxrnqknr zer be`h{bbcò` xehn gn znrkh fnxn k`be`xrnr gn exrn {-
zkracbck s zer ac`' xrn`mcxcrk ng exre mkhce.
Xehe kg zrebke xck`k { rkzrkk`xnbcò` n`ngíxcbn zer4
&>%L# = &>% ξ > # , &k% μ #, &>% ξ ? #
K` he`hk4
L = Bekacbck`xk igeong hk xrn`mccò` hk bnger.
ξ > = Bekacbck`xk hk xrn`mccò` hkg mkhce > n gn znrkh.
k = Kzker hk gn znrkh.
μ = Be`h{bxcqchnh xãrmcbn hkg mnxkrcng hk gn znrkh.
ξ ? = Bekacbck`xk hk xrn`mccò` hkg mkhce ? n gn znrkh.
Gn hczecbcò` k` aermn c`qkrn' rkzrkk`xn gn rkcxk`bcn ng zne
hkg bnger s gòicbnmk`xk gn rkcxk`bcn k qn` {mn`he. Hk kxn aermn
b{n`he gn znrkh kxî aermnhn zer qnrcn bnzn hk hcqkre mnxkrcngk' k
m{s cmzgk bngb{gnr kg bekacbck`xk igeong4
&>%L# = &>% ξ > # , &k% μ #, &k¸% μ¸#, &k¸¸% μ¸¸ #, ‡ ,&>% ξ ? #
Be` kxe fns ~{k fnbkrk n gn chkn hk gn irn` hcacb{gxnh be` gn ~{k
b{k`xn kg zreskbxcxn hk c`xkrbnmocnherk hk bnger n gn fern hk fnbkr kg
bîgb{ge hkg bekacbck`xk L ' z{k fns ~{k rkb{rrcr n gn nzgcbnbcò` hk aòrm{-
gn ik`krngmk`xk hk xcze kvzkrcmk`xng.
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 47/52
89
Z_EBKRE HK BNGB[GE
N xíx{ge hk kdkmzge' qnme n kvze`kr gn aerm{gn ~{k ezerxn` kg
bîgb{ge hkg bekacbck`xk igeong hk xrn`mccò` hk bnger znrn {` c`xkrbnm-
ocnher m{gxcx{o{gnr' ggnmnhe xnmocã` /fnt hk x{oe s bnrbnn/ hk nbkre
c`evchnogk be` x{oe hk ?1%?6 mm. hk hcîmkxre' kznrnhe k`xrk kdk 22
mm. s hcz{kxe n xrkoegcgge.
Kg zrcmkr zne k kg bîgb{ge hk ξ >' bekacbck`xk hk xrn`mccò` hkg
ni{n n gn znrkh kvxkrcer hkg x{oe.
K hk nzgcbnbcò` gn kb{nbcò` hk @{kgx .
@{ = ξ > ¹ &Hk % μ# = :'2; ¹ a ¹ _k :';9 ¹ Z r E.2>
K` he`hk4
Hk = Hcîmkxre kvxkrcer hkg x{oe k` m.
μ = Be`h{bxcqchnh bngeríacbn hkg ni{n k` Lbng%m%f%´B
a = _kgnbcò` hk hcxrco{bcò` ikemãxrcbn hk ge x{oe.
_k = @ômkre hk _ks`egh = Q ¹ &Hk % Ϟ #
Z r = @ômkre hk Zrn`h > = H ¹ Ͼ ¹ B z
Rck`he n { qkt4
Q = Qkgebchnh hkg ag{che k` kg ni{n k` m%ki.
Ϟ = Qcbechnh bc`kmîxcbn k` m?%ki.
B z = Bnger kzkbíacbe k` Lbng%Li%´B
Ͼ = Hk`chnh k` Li%m2.
[`n qkt fnggnhe ξ > fn hk berrkicrk k` a{`bcò` hkg `ômkre hk acgn
hk x{oe s hkg î`i{ge hk c`bchk`bcn hk gn berrck`xk eork kgge.
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 48/52
86
Kg ki{`he zne k kg hk bngb{gnr kg ξ ? <bekacbck`xk hk xrn`mccò`
hkg mexe n gn znrkh c`xkr`n hkg x{oe. K` kxk bne k nzgcbnogk gn aòrm{-
gn4
@{ = :':29¹&_k ->6:# ¹ Z x > , &h f %G# =ξ ? ¹ &Hk % μ #
Bngb{gnhe kxe bekacbck`xk znrbcngk k bngb{gn kg igeong ~{k
zehrín kr zer kdkmzge4
>%L = >%1:19 , > ¹ >: %>8 , >%>231'6
Hk n~{í k hkh{bk4
L = >:;: Lbng%m?%f%´B.
Beme bekacbck`xk igeong hk xrn`mccò` hk bnger.
Qkme gn irn` bn`xchnh hk anbxerk ~{k c`xkrqck`k` k` kg bîgb{ge hk
kxk bekacbck`xk' hkhk ge z{rnmk`xk aícbe' xkrmehc`îmcbe s fnxn ge
hk xcze qnrcnogk' k` ge ~{k k c`bg{sk a{`hnmk`xngmk`xk gn qkgebchnh.
Zer xn`xe' {` c`xkrbnmocnher fn hk kr bngb{gnhe znrn bnhn bne
kzkbíacbe' nxk`hck`he ng zrebke ~{k k qn n hknrreggnr' kxnogkbck`he
{`n anmcgcn hk b{rqn' k` a{`bcò` hk gn qkgebchnh s hk n~{í hkxkrmc`nr
b{ng krín kg bemzerxnmck`xe ~{k xk`hrín znrn hcakrk`xk be`hcbce`k hk
n~{kggn ~{k gk crqckre` hk onk znrn kg zreskbxe.
Be`qck`k fnbkr `exnr ~{k kg anbxer hk xrn`mccò` hk bnger k a{`-
bcò` xnmocã` hkg xckmze.
Kxk hnxe krqcrî znrn hkxkrmc`nr k` {`n be`hcbce`k kzkbíacbn
kg xckmze `kbknrce znrn { k`arcnmck`xe e bngk`xnmck`xe' sn ~{k fns
zrebke k` kg ~{k kxk hnxe z{khk ggkinr n be`xcx{cr kg nzkbxe a{`hn-
mk`xng hkg zreogkmn k` kx{hce.
?%2:'9; :'8?
-2
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 49/52
83
QNGE_KR @E_MNGKR MNR [R[NGKR
Hk`xre hkg xkrrk`e k`egòicbe' zehrín` kr hk c`xkrã gn rkgnbcò` hk
bekacbck`xk hk xrn`mccò` bnger ~{k hkxnggnme s ~{k kxî` bngb{gnhe
zer hcakrk`xk aòrm{gn be` {acbck`xk rcier bck`xíacbe s be`chkrnhn k`
{` nmzgce bnmze hk nbx{nbcò`4
C`xkrbnmocnher hk zgnbn ‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡..‡?.;:: n 2.::: Lbng.%m?.f.´B C`xkrbnmocnher x{o{gnr hk x{oe k` x{oe‡‡‡‡.. >.::: n >.8:: Lbng.%m?.f.´B. C`xkrbnmocnher m{gxcx{o{gnr &bnrbnn s x{oe#‡. 9:: n >.>:: Lbng.%m?.f.´B.
Zgnbn rkarcikrn`xk {mkrichn‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡...‡. >;: n ?;: Lbng.%m?.f.´B. Kqnzernher hk rnbnherk‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡.. ;EE n 9;: Lbng.m?.f.´B
Heogk bnmcn k` hkzòcxe‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡. >;: n ?;: Lbng.%m?.f.´B Heogk bnmcn `e ncg.-nmo. &ncrk k` bngmn#‡‡‡‡‡‡ . 6 n >? Lbng.%m?.f.´B Hkzòcxe rkarcikrnhe zer h{bfn C`ev ‡‡‡‡‡‡‡...>?: n >;: Lbng.%m?.f.´B
Fckrre-Kzevc . ‡‡‡...>8: n >9: Lbng.%m?.f.´B X{oe `e ncg-nmock`xk &ncrk k` bngmn#‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡... 6 n >? Lbng.%m?.f.´B Hkzòcxe-nmock`xk &ncrk k` bngmn#‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡.. 2 n ; Lbng.%m?.f.´B
_k{gxn znrnhòdcbe kg qnger k`be`xrnhe b{n`he k rkarcikrn` zer
h{bfn' sn ~{k hk c`mkhcnxe {rik gn chkn ~{k kg bekacbck`xk hk xrn`mc-
cò` hk bnger fn hk kr mnser znrn kg nbkre c`evchnogk ~{k znrn kg fckrrebe` kzevc. Rc` kmonrie' ge bîgb{ge rkngctnhe znrn {` hkzòcxe hk qkrxc-
bng hk b{nxre mkxre hk ngx{rn k` nbkre c`evchnogk hk ? mm. hk kzker s
hk kxk mcme hkzòcxe k` fckrre be` ; mm. hk kzker rkb{ockrxe hk
{`n bnzn hk zc`x{rn kzevc hk :'; mm. hk kzker s zer nzgcbnbcò` hk gn
aòrm{gn4
@{ = & ξ ¹ G% μ # = :'>?3 ¹ && Θx ¹ i ¹ G # % X ¹ Ϟ # ¹ Zr
Ge qngerk eoxk`che e`4
L &c`ev.# = >28 Lbng %m? f ´B
L &fckrre# = >;2 Lbng %m? f ´B
?%2
2 ?
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 50/52
;:
C@AG[K@BCN HK GN HC_KBBCE@ HK GN BE__CK@XK
K` gn zròvcmn aci{rn' k fn rkzrkk`xnhe hk mn`krn irîacbn kg ag{de
hk bnger ~{k xck`k g{inr k`xrk he ag{che n hcxc`xn xkmzkrnx{rn.
Znrn {`n mcmn be`hcbce`k' kg qnger hk gn hcakrk`bcn hk xkmzk-rnx{rn mkhcn geinríxmcbn 1xm hkzk`hk k` irn` mkhchn hk beme k fnin
bcrb{gnr n ge he ag{che s be`kb{k`xkmk`xk fnrî qnrcnr b{ng~{ckrn hk
ge qngerk ~{k c`xkrqck`k` k` gn aòrm{gn ik`krng hk )gn xrn`mccò` hk
bnger.
^= L ¹ R ¹ xm
Rc be`chkrnme {` bne zrîbxcbe berrkze`hck`xk n gn be`hcbce-
`k4Xkmzkrnx{rn k`xrnhn hk mexe = ?;ºB
Xkmzkrnx{rn ngchn hk mexe = >;ºB
Xkmzkrnx{rn k`xrnhn hk ni{n = 9ºB
Xkmzkrnx{rn ngchn hk ni{n = >?ºB
Ge qngerk hk ge c`brkmk`xe hk xkmzkrnx{rn mkhce geinríxmcbe
e`4
K` be`xrnberrck`xk >:'2´ B.K` k~{cberrck`xk . . . 6'29´ B.
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 51/52
;>
Zer xn`xe' znrn xrn`mcxcr {`n mcmn bn`xchnh hk bnger s {ze`ck`-
he ~{k ge bekacbck`xk hk xrn`mccò` hk bnger kn` ci{ngk' k zrkbcn
{`n {zkracbck hk xrn`mccò` {zkrcer k` {` ?2+ hk be`xr{crk kg c`-
xkrbnmocnher k` k~{cberrck`xk n fnbkrge k` be`xrnberrck`xk.
K` gn zrîbxcbn s n kvbkzbcò` fkbfn hk ge hk zgnbn s hk ge x{o{gn-
rk hk x{oe k` x{oe' `e k zrkk`xn` k~{cberrck`xk e be`xrnberrck`xk
z{rn' c`e ~{k ckmzrk e` br{tnhn.
Kg bîgb{ge hk gn hcakrk`bcn mkhcn geinríxmcbn' k rkngctn xk`ck`-
he k` b{k`xn {`e bekacbck`xk hk berrkbbcò` ~{k e` a{`bcò` hkg `ômkre
hk bnmoce hk hcrkbbcò` k` gn berrck`xk s hkg î`i{ge hk c`bchk`bcn eorkgn {zkracbck hk be`xnbxe.
8/3/2019 El Frío en Enología I. Fundamentos Básicos.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/el-frio-en-enologia-i-fundamentos-basicos 52/52