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H$am.

narjm gwê$ Pmë¶mZ§Va n¶©dojH$mì¶{V[a³V H$moUË¶mhr ì¶³Vrer ~moby ZH$m. narjmdJm©Vrb BVa ‘wbm§ergwX²Ym

~moby ZH$m. Aem àH$mao ~mobUo, H$m°nr H$aUo hm JwÝhm Amho. Aem JwÝô¶mg J¡a‘mJ© à{V~§YmË‘H$ H$m¶XçmVrb

H$b‘ 7 à‘mUo ghm ‘{hZo H$mamdmgmMr {ejm AWdm 500 én¶o X§S> qH$dm XmoÝhr {ejm EH$mM doir hmoD$

eH$VmV.

narjm àdoenÌmdarb ñdmjarà‘mUo n¶©dojH$ XoVrb Ë¶m CnpñWVr nÌH$mda Vw‘À¶m ~¡R>H$ H«$‘m§H$mg‘moa Vw‘À¶mM

~¡R>H$ H«$‘m§H$mMm ~maH$moS> Agë¶mMr ImÌr H$ê$Z KoD$Z ñdmjar H$am.

bjmV R>odm -

~¡R>H$ H«$‘m§H$ Ajam§V AWdm A§H$m§V CËVan{ÌH$m qH$dm nwadUrÀ¶m ‘wIn¥ð>mdarb {R>H$mUmì¶{V[a³V AmVrb

n¥ð>m§da H$moR>ohr {bhÿ ZH$m. Aem àH$mao BVa H$moR>ohr ~¡R>H$ H«$‘m§H$ AWdm BVa H$moUË¶mhr AmoiIrgmR>rÀ¶m IwUm

AmT>ië¶mg Ë¶m narjoMr g§nyU© g§nmXUyH$ aX²X d EH$ narjm à{V~§Y Aer {ejm Ho$br OmVo.

doimnÌH$mZwgma ¶mo½¶ Vr àíZn{ÌH$m {‘imbr Agë¶mMr ImÌr H$ê$Z ¿¶m. àíZn{ÌHo$dahr ~¡R>H$ H«$‘m§H$mgmR>r

{Xboë¶m OmJr Vw‘Mm ~¡R>H$ H«$‘m§H$ {bhm. àíZn{ÌHo$da H$mhrhr {bhÿ ZH$m. Vr H$m°nr g‘Obr OmVo. H$mhr


{df¶mgmR>r EH$m narjmJ¥hm‘Yrb {dXçmÏ¶mªZm Mma doJdoJù¶m àíZn{ÌH$m AgUma AmhoV. àíZn{ÌHo$da E ~r

gr qH$dm S>r ¶mà‘mUo g§M Agë¶mg Ë¶mà‘mUo CËVan{ÌHo$da g§MmMo Aja Z‘yX H$aÊ¶mg {dgê$ ZH$m.

narjm gwê$ Pmë¶mZ§Va EH$ Vmgn¶ªV H$moUË¶mhr H$maUmgmR>r narjmJ¥hm~mhoa OmVm ¶oV Zmhr.

narjm H$mbmdYrV Z¡g{J©H$ {dYrgmR>r ~mhoa Omd¶mMo Agë¶mg n¶©dojH$m§Zm {dZ§Vr H$am d gmo~V n¶©dojH$m§Zr

gm§{JVboë¶m {enm¶mg ¿¶m. nmUrdmQ>nmgmR>r Zo‘boë¶m ì¶³Vrbm ~amo~a KoD$ ZH$m.

CËVan{ÌHo$V gd© n¥îR>o H«$‘mZo Agë¶mMr ImÌr H$ê$Z ¿¶m. Zgë¶mg VËH$mi n¶©dojH$ ¶m§À¶mH$S>o Vr CÎman{ÌH$m

O‘m H$ê$Z ZdrZ KoÊ¶mV ¶mdr. H$moUVohr nmZ H$moUË¶mhr H$maUmgmR>r ’$mSy> ZH$m, Vmo JwÝhm ‘mZbm OmVmo.

{Zù¶m/H$mù¶m emB©À¶m noZmZoM {bImU H$am. AÝ¶ H$moUË¶mhr a§JmMr emB© AWdm ñHo$M noZ dmnê$ ZH$m. H$ÀMo

{bImU nopÝgbZo CËVan{ÌHo$Vrb S>mì¶m ~mOyÀ¶m n¥ð>mda {bhm.

~rOJ{UV/^yJmob ¶m {df¶m§À¶m narjoÀ¶m doir AmboI nwadUr/ZH$mem {‘imë¶mMr ImÌr H$ê$Z KoD$Z

àíZn{ÌHo$Vrb gyMZm§ZwgmaM H¥$Vr H$am.

J{UV {df¶mÀ¶m doir Amdí¶H$Vm dmQ>ë¶mg n¶©dojH$m§H$S>o ‘§S>imH$Sy>Z nwa{dÊ¶mV Amboë¶m bm°J Q>o~bMr

‘mJUr H$am. H$m‘ nyU© hmoVmM Vo VËH$mi naV H$am.

narjmJ¥hmVrb BVa {dXçmÏ¶mªH$S>o H$moUË¶mhr gm{hË¶mMr ‘mJUr H$ê$ ZH$m.

BVa {dXçmÏ¶mªZr Ho$boë¶m J¡aàH$mam~m~V Vwåhmbm ‘m{hVr {dMmaë¶mg Z Km~aVm g§~§{YV n¶©dojH$/H|$Ðg§MmbH$/

VnmgUr A{YH$mar ¶m§Zm dñVwpñWVr gm§JyZ ghH$m¶© H$am.

àíZn{ÌHo$‘Ü¶o H$mhr XþéñVr AmT>ië¶mg bJoMM n¶©dojH$m§Zm XmIdm. XþéñVr~m~V H$mhr gyMZm Z {‘imë¶mg

Vmo àíZ Á¶mà‘mUo ¶oV Agob/‘mhrV Agob Ë¶mà‘mUo gmoS>dm.

àíZg§»¶m d CnbãY doi ¶m§Mo Mm§Jë¶m àH$mao {Z¶moOZ H$am. narjogmR>r XoÊ¶mV Ambobr doi g§nÊ¶mnydu 10

{‘{ZQ>o AmYr gd© nwadÊ¶m ‘w»¶ CËVan{ÌHo$er ¶mo½¶àH$mao OmoSy>Z ¿¶m. ‘wIn¥ð>mda nwadUr g§»¶m {bhÿZ ‘wIn¥ð>mdarb

gd© Zm|Xr VnmgyZ nhm d doi Agë¶mg Cd©[aV àíZ gmoS>{dÊ¶mMm à¶ËZ H$am.

‘w»¶ CËVan{ÌH$m d nwadÊ¶m§À¶m g§»¶oEdT>r hmobmoH«$mâQ> pñQ>H$g© n¶©dojH$m§H$Sy>Z ¿¶m d CËVan{ÌHo$darb ¶mo½¶

{R>H$mUr {MH$Q>dyZ ImÌr H$ê$Z ¿¶m.

narjm H$j gmoS>VmZm ñdV:Mr CËVan{ÌH$m nwadUrgh n¶©dojH$m§H$S>o Xçm.

CËVan{ÌH$m n¶©dojH$m§H$S>o XoVmZm nwÝhm gd© Zm|Xr d nwadÊ¶m ¶mo½¶ àH$mao OmoS>ë¶mMr ImÌr H$ê$Z ¿¶m.

narjoZ§Va -

{ZH$mbmÀ¶m {ZpíMV VmaIoMr ImÌr H$ê$Z ¿¶m Am{U Vw‘À¶m H«$‘m§H$mMmM {ZH$mb Amho ¶mMr ImÌr H$ê$Z ¿¶m

d Ë¶mà‘mUo nwT>rb {ejUmMo {Z¶moOZ H$am.

nyU© V¶mar H$ê$Z AmË‘{dídmgmZo narjog gm‘moao Om. ¶e Vw‘MoM Amho. nwÝhm EH$Xm hm{X©H$ ew oÀN>m !

g{Md‘hmamîQ´> amÁ¶ ‘mÜ¶. d CÀM ‘mÜ¶. {ejU ‘§S>i, nwUo.


‘hmamîQ´> amÁ¶ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ d Cƒ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ {ejU ‘§S>i, nwUo‘hmamîQ´> amÁ¶ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ d Cƒ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ {ejU ‘§S>i, nwUo‘hmamîQ´> amÁ¶ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ d Cƒ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ {ejU ‘§S>i, nwUo‘hmamîQ´> amÁ¶ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ d Cƒ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ {ejU ‘§S>i, nwUo‘hmamîQ´> amÁ¶ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ d Cƒ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ {ejU ‘§S>i, nwUo‘mÜ¶{‘H$ d Cƒ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ à‘mUnÌ narjm-’o$~«w./‘mM© 2015

"J¡a‘mJm©{déX²²>Y bT>m'' - H¥$Vr H$m¶©H«$‘

‘hmamîQ´> amÁ¶ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ d Cƒ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ {ejU ‘§S>i, nwUo ¶m§À¶m ‘m’©$V amÁ¶mVrb ZD {d^mJr¶

‘§S>imX²>dmam Xadfu ’o$~«w/‘mM© d gßQ>|/Am°³Q>mo ‘Ü¶o B.10dr d B.12drÀ¶m gmd©{ÌH$ narjm§Mo Am¶moOZ H$aÊ¶mV ¶oVo.

XmoÝhr narjm§Zm amÁ¶mVyZ gw‘mao 32 bmI ‘wbo Xadfu narjobm ~gVmV. ~XbË¶m gm‘m{OH$ n[apñWVr‘wio Am{U narjoer

g§~§{YV KQ>H$m§À¶m {d{eîQ> d¡Mm[aH$ ‘Zmod¥ËVr‘wio narjoV {d{dY ‘mJm©Zr {ZînÞ hmoUmè¶m J¡aàH$mam§Mm ‘§S>imbm gmVË¶mZo

gm‘Zm H$amdm bmJVmo. Ë¶mÑîQ>rZo amÁ¶mVrb ZD> {d^mJr¶ ‘§S>io AmnAmnë¶m ñVamda {d[dY Cnm¶¶moOZm Am{U CnH«$‘

am~{dV AgVmV. VWm{n, ¶m à¶ËZmV EH$gyÌrnUmMr JaO gmVË¶mZo OmUdV Amho. Ë¶m‘wio g§nyU© amÁ¶mgmR>r EH$

{Z¶moOZ~X²Y d gd© g‘mdoeH$ Agm H¥$Vr H$m¶©H«$‘ V¶ma H$aÊ¶mV Ambm Ë¶mMr R>iH$ d¡{eîQ>ço nwT>rbà‘mUo-

1. narjm H|$Ðm~mhoarb CnÐd Wm§~{dÊ¶mgmR>r g‘mOmMrM ‘XV KoDZ, ñWm{ZH$ XjVm g{‘Ë¶m§À¶m ‘mÜ¶‘mVyZ {Z¶§ÌU

AmUUo.

2. {ejU ImË¶mVrb gd© {d^mJ d AÝ¶ emgZmÀ¶m BVa {d^mJm§Mrhr ‘XV {‘idyZ, narjm H|$ÐmMo g§{Z¶§ÌU AË¶§V

à^mdr ~ZdUo.

3. nmbH$, {ejH$, ‘w»¶mÜ¶mnH$, {dXçmWu d g§ñWmMmbH$ ¶m§Mo CX²~moYZ d g‘wnXoeZ H$aÊ¶mMo doimnÌH$ V¶ma

H$ê$Z Vo H$m¶©dmhrV AmUUo. J¡a‘mJm©nmgyZ namd¥ËV H$aÊ¶mgmR>rÀ¶m à¶ËZm§~amo~a Ë¶m~m~VMo {ejmgyMr{df¶H$

{Z¶‘, ‘§S>imÀ¶m {dXçmWu {hVmÀ¶m ¶moOZm Am{U gmo¶rgdbVr ¶m§Mrhr ‘m{hVr XoUo.

4. amÁ¶ ‘§S>imÀ¶m ‘mJ©Xe©Zmdê$Z {d^mJr¶ ‘§S>i ñVamdê$Z {d^mJdma {ejU Cng§MmbH$, {ejUm{YH$mar,

JQ>{ejUm{YH$mar d Cn{ejUm{YH$mar ¶m§Mr g^m KoUo, narjm H|$Ðm§VJ©V J¡aàH$mam§Zm Amim KmbÊ¶mgmR>r

H$amd¶mÀ¶m Cnm¶¶moOZm§~m~V gImob ‘mJ©Xe©Z d àemgH$s¶ gyMZm XoUo.

5. {ejH$ g§KQ>Zm, {ejHo$Va H$‘©Mmar g§KQ>Zm, H${ZîR> ‘hm{dXçmb¶rZ g§KQ>Zm g§ñWmMmbH$ g§KQ>Zm, d gd© ‘§S>i

gXñ¶m§À¶m d gd© g§~§{YV g§KQ>Zm§À¶m {d^mJdma ~¡R>H$m KoDZ, d¡Mm[aH$ n[adV©ZmV Ë¶m§Mm gH«$s¶ gh^mJ

{‘i{dUo.

6. EdT>o gJio H$ê$Zhr J¡aàH$ma {ZînÞ Pmë¶mg g§~§{YV KQ>H$m§da H$m¶XçmVrb VaVwXtÀ¶m AmYmao AË¶§V H$R>moa

H$madmB© H$aUo.


A) {d^mJ ñVa ({d^mJr¶ ‘§S>i)joÌr¶ A{YH$mar g^m-{X.05 ’o$~« wdmar Vo 08 ’o$~« wdmar 2015joÌr¶ A{YH$mar g^m-{X.05 ’o$~« wdmar Vo 08 ’o$~« wdmar 2015joÌr¶ A{YH$mar g^m-{X.05 ’o$~« wdmar Vo 08 ’o$~« wdmar 2015joÌr¶ A{YH$mar g^m-{X.05 ’o$~« wdmar Vo 08 ’o$~« wdmar 2015joÌr¶ A{YH$mar g^m-{X.05 ’o$~« wdmar Vo 08 ’o$~« wdmar 2015

{X.05 ’o$~«wdmar Vo 08 ’o$~«wdmar 2015 ¶m H$mbmdYrV àË¶oH$ {d^mJr¶ ‘§S>imÀ¶m H$m¶m©b¶mV {d^mJr¶

AÜ¶jm§À¶m AÜ¶jVoImbr {d^mJr¶ {ejU Cng§MmbH$, ‘§S>imMo gXñ¶, àmMm¶©({Oëhm {ejU d à{ejU g§ñWm)

{ejUm{YH$mar (gd©), JQ>{ejUm{YH$mar(gd©), Cn{ejUm{YH$mar (gd©), àemgZ A{YH$mar ( ZJa nm{bH$m/ ‘hmZJa

nm[bH$m) ¶m§À¶m ~¡R>H$m Am¶mo{OV H$ê$Z H¥$Vr H$m¶©H«$‘mMr {Xem {ZpíMV H$aUo VgoM H¥$Vr H$m¶©H«$‘ A‘§b~OmdUrgmR>rMo

{Z¶moOZ H$amdo. ¶m‘Ü¶o nwT>rb ~m~tMm g‘mdoe H$aUo Amdí¶H$ Amho.

1. narjm doimnÌH$ d narjm{df¶H$ g{dñVa ‘m{hVr joÌr¶ A{YH$mè¶m§Zm XoUo.

2. {dXçmÏ¶mªgmR>r Agboë¶m gdbVr~m~VMr ‘m{hVr XoUo.

3. {ZH$mbmnydu d {ZH$mbmZ§Va emim§Zr H$amd¶mÀ¶m H$m¶©dmhr~m~V ‘m{hVr XoUo.

4. ^amar nWH$mÀ¶m ~¡R>H$m KoUo VgoM ^amar nWH$ {Z¶w³V H$aUo ¶mgmR>r narjm§À¶m VmarI{Zhm¶ H§o$Ðm§Zm oQ>rgmR>r

{Z¶moOZ H$aUo.

5. {Oëh¶mVrb àË¶oH$ {d^mJm§VJ©V Agboë¶m àË¶oH$ narjm H|$Ðmda narjoÀ¶m àË¶oH$ {Xder {ejU{Oëh¶mVrb àË¶oH$ {d^mJm§VJ©V Agboë¶m àË¶oH$ narjm H|$Ðmda narjoÀ¶m àË¶oH$ {Xder {ejU{Oëh¶mVrb àË¶oH$ {d^mJm§VJ©V Agboë¶m àË¶oH$ narjm H|$Ðmda narjoÀ¶m àË¶oH$ {Xder {ejU{Oëh¶mVrb àË¶oH$ {d^mJm§VJ©V Agboë¶m àË¶oH$ narjm H|$Ðmda narjoÀ¶m àË¶oH$ {Xder {ejU{Oëh¶mVrb àË¶oH$ {d^mJm§VJ©V Agboë¶m àË¶oH$ narjm H|$Ðmda narjoÀ¶m àË¶oH$ {Xder {ejU

{d^mJmVrb/BVa {d^mJmVrb {H$‘mZ EH$ A{YH$mar CnpñWV amhrb ¶m~m~V {Z¶moOZ H$aUo.{d^mJmVrb/BVa {d^mJmVrb {H$‘mZ EH$ A{YH$mar CnpñWV amhrb ¶m~m~V {Z¶moOZ H$aUo.{d^mJmVrb/BVa {d^mJmVrb {H$‘mZ EH$ A{YH$mar CnpñWV amhrb ¶m~m~V {Z¶moOZ H$aUo.{d^mJmVrb/BVa {d^mJmVrb {H$‘mZ EH$ A{YH$mar CnpñWV amhrb ¶m~m~V {Z¶moOZ H$aUo.{d^mJmVrb/BVa {d^mJmVrb {H$‘mZ EH$ A{YH$mar CnpñWV amhrb ¶m~m~V {Z¶moOZ H$aUo.

6. J¡a‘mJ©{déX²Y bT>m - H¥$Vr H$m¶©H«$‘mg ñWm{ZH$ nmVir/{d^mJr¶ nmVirda ¶mo½¶ Vr à{gÜX²r XoDZ OmUrd OmJ¥Vr

H$aÊ¶m~m~VÀ¶m H$m¶©H«$‘m§Mr {Z[íMVr H$aUo.

7. narjm H$mimV H|$Ðg§MmbH$, ~¡R>o nWH$mVrb A{YH$mar, gd© {ejH$ d H|$Ð XjVm g{‘VrÀ¶m ‘XVrZo àË¶oH$

H|$Ðmdarb narjm VUmd‘w³V d H$m°nr‘w³V hmoB©b ¶mÑîQ>rZo {Z¶moOZ H$ê$Z H$m¶©dmhr H$aUo.

~) {Oëhm ñVa-({Oëhm {ejUm{YH$mar,‘mÜ¶{‘H$)1. ‘w»¶mÜ¶mnH$/àmMm¶©1. ‘w»¶mÜ¶mnH$/àmMm¶©1. ‘w»¶mÜ¶mnH$/àmMm¶©1. ‘w»¶mÜ¶mnH$/àmMm¶©1. ‘w»¶mÜ¶mnH$/àmMm¶© g^m- [X.10 ’o$~«wdmar Vo 12 ’o$~«wdmar 2015g^m- [X.10 ’o$~«wdmar Vo 12 ’o$~«wdmar 2015g^m- [X.10 ’o$~«wdmar Vo 12 ’o$~«wdmar 2015g^m- [X.10 ’o$~«wdmar Vo 12 ’o$~«wdmar 2015g^m- [X.10 ’o$~«wdmar Vo 12 ’o$~«wdmar 2015

{X.10 ’o$~«wdmar Vo 12 ’o$~«wdmar 2015 ¶m H$mbmdYrV {ejUm{YH$mar (‘mÜ¶{‘H$) ¶m§Zr emim/H${ZîR>

‘hm{dÚmb¶mVrb ‘w»¶mÜ¶mnH$/àmMm¶©‘w»¶mÜ¶mnH$/àmMm¶©‘w»¶mÜ¶mnH$/àmMm¶©‘w»¶mÜ¶mnH$/àmMm¶©‘w»¶mÜ¶mnH$/àmMm¶© d gd© H|$Ðg§MmbH$d gd© H|$Ðg§MmbH$d gd© H|$Ðg§MmbH$d gd© H|$Ðg§MmbH$d gd© H|$Ðg§MmbH$ ¶m§Mr g^m Am¶mo{OV H$ê$Z gd© g§~§{YVm§Zm H¥$Vr

H$m¶©H«$‘m{df¶r ‘m{hVr XoVrb.

2. XjVm g{‘Vr g^m- [X.16 ’o$~«wdmar Vo 18 ’o$~«wdmar 2015{X.16 ’o$~«wdmar Vo 18 ’o$~«wdmar 2015 ¶m H$mbmdYrV ‘m.{Oëhm{YH$mar ¶m§À¶m AÜ¶jVoImbr {ejUm{YH$mar

(‘mÜ¶{‘H$) ¶m§Mr XjVm g{‘Vr Zo‘Ê¶m~m~V g^m Am¶mo{OV H$ê$Z {d^mJr¶ ‘§S>im§§Zr {Xboë¶m gyMZm§à‘mUo H$m¶©dmhr

H$aVrb.

H$)H$)H$)H$)H$) VmbwH$m ñVa- (JQ>{ejUm{YH$mar)VmbwH$m ñVa- (JQ>{ejUm{YH$mar)VmbwH$m ñVa- (JQ>{ejUm{YH$mar)VmbwH$m ñVa- (JQ>{ejUm{YH$mar)VmbwH$m ñVa- (JQ>{ejUm{YH$mar)11111) XjVm g{‘Vr {Z{‘©Vr g^m …-{X.14 ’o$~«wdmar 2015 XjVm g{‘Vr {Z{‘©Vr g^m …-{X.14 ’o$~«wdmar 2015 XjVm g{‘Vr {Z{‘©Vr g^m …-{X.14 ’o$~«wdmar 2015 XjVm g{‘Vr {Z{‘©Vr g^m …-{X.14 ’o$~«wdmar 2015 XjVm g{‘Vr {Z{‘©Vr g^m …-{X.14 ’o$~«wdmar 2015

n[aajH$/JQ>{ejUm{YH$mar ¶m§Zr {X.14 ’o$~« wdmar 2015 amoOr H|$Ð g§MmbH$, àH$ën A{YH$mar,H|$Ð g§MmbH$, àH$ën A{YH$mar,H|$Ð g§MmbH$, àH$ën A{YH$mar,H|$Ð g§MmbH$, àH$ën A{YH$mar,H|$Ð g§MmbH$, àH$ën A{YH$mar,

{ejU {dñVma A{YH$mar{ejU {dñVma A{YH$mar{ejU {dñVma A{YH$mar{ejU {dñVma A{YH$mar{ejU {dñVma A{YH$mar d XjVm g{‘VrMo nXm{YH$mard XjVm g{‘VrMo nXm{YH$mard XjVm g{‘VrMo nXm{YH$mard XjVm g{‘VrMo nXm{YH$mard XjVm g{‘VrMo nXm{YH$mar ¶m§Mr g^m Am¶mo{OV H$ê$Z Ë¶m§Zm Imbrbà‘mUo

H$m¶©dmhr H$amdr.


VmbwH$m ñVamda g§~§{YV Vmbw³¶mMo n[aajH$/JQ>{ejUm{YH$mar ¶m§Zr VmbwH$m nmVirda Agboë¶m gd© H|$Ðg§MmbH$m§Mr

~¡R>H$ Am¶mo{OV H$ê$Z Ë¶m§Zm ¶mo½¶ Ë¶m narjm{df¶H$ gyMZm Xçmì¶mV.1. VmbwH$m nmVirdarb VmbwH$m A§VJ©V Agboë¶m gd© emim/H${ZîR> ‘hm{dXçmb¶mVrb ‘w»¶mÜ¶mnH$/àmMm¶©

¶m§Zm VmbwH$mñVar¶ ~¡R>H$sg CnpñWV amhÊ¶m~m~V gyMZm Úmì¶mV.2. {ejU Cng§MmbH$ d {ejUm{YH$mar ¶m§Zr {Xboë¶m gyMZm§Zwgma Vmbw³¶mVrb àË¶oH$ narjm H|$Ðmda narjoÀ¶m

àË¶oH$ {Xder {ejU {d^mJmVrb EH$ A{YH$mar CnpñWV amhrb ¶mÑîQ>rZo {Z¶moOZ H$amdo.

3. VmbwH$m nmVirda hmoUmar B.10dr d B.12dr narjm gwairVnUo nma nmS>Ê¶mÀ¶m ÑîQ>rZo g§~§{YV JQ>{ejUm{YH$mar¶m§Zr g‘Ýd¶H$ åhUyZ H$m‘ H$amdo.

4. àË¶oH$ H|$Ðmda XjVm g{‘VrMr ñWmnZm H$aUo d Ë¶m§Zm ¶mo½¶ Ë¶m gyMZm XoUo.

S>) H|$Ð ñVa-(H|$Ðg§MmbH$ VWm ‘w»¶mÜ¶mnH$/àmMm¶©)1. ñWm{ZH$ /H|$Ð ñVa XjVm g{‘Vr- g§aMZm d H$m¶©

narjm H|$Ð ñVamdarb ñWm{ZH$ XjVm g{‘Ë¶m {ZdS>Ê¶mgmR>r g‘Ýd¶H$ åhUyZ Ë¶m Ë¶m H|$ÐmMo ‘w»¶mÜ¶mnH$$$/

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2) nmobrg ~§Xmo~ñV H$‘r nS>V Agë¶mg, nmobrg ñQ>oeZer g§nH©$ gmYyZ Amdí¶H Vr ì¶dñWm H$aUo.3) J¡a‘mJ© {da[hV narjogmR>r CX²~moYZ, OZOmJ¥Vr d dmVmdaU {Z{‘©Vr H$aUo.4) {Z¶§ÌUm~mhoa OmUmè¶m CnÐdr KQ>H$m§da H$madmB© H$aÊ¶mgmR>r nmobrg ImË¶mbm ghH$m¶© H$aUo.

5) gXarb g{‘Vr narjm H|$ÐmÀ¶m hX²²Xr~mhoa Wm§~yZ Amnbo H$m‘ nmhrb. àË¶j narjm H|$ÐmÀ¶m AmV Ë¶m§Mr

CnpñWVr Ano{jV Zmhr.


6) Á¶m JmdmV, emioV narjm H|$Ð Zmhr Ë¶m emimñVamda XjVmg{‘VrMo XmoZ gXñ¶ AmirnmirZo narjm H|$ÐmÀ¶m

{R>H$mUr CnpñWV amhÿZ, H|$ÐñVa XjVm g{‘VrV gh^mJr hmoVrb.

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gXñ¶m§Mo g‘doV H$aVrb.

B) H${ZîR> ‘hm{dÚmb¶/emim ñVa (àmMm¶©/‘w»¶mÜ¶mnH$)1. J¡a‘mJm©er bT>m- à{Vkm -{XZm§H$ 26 OmZodmar 2015 ‘hmamîQ´>mVrb gd© emim§‘Ü¶o {XZm§H$ 26 OmZodmar 2015 amoOr B.10dr d B.12drÀ¶m gd© {dXçmÏ¶mªZr

J¡a‘mJm©nmgyZ Xÿa amhÊ¶mMr à{Vkm KoUo. à{VkoMo àmê$n emim ñVamda {ZpíMV H$aUo.

2. {dXçmWu g^m- {X.27 OmZodmar Vo 30 OmZodmar 2015{X. 27 OmZodmar Vo 30 OmZodmar 2015 ¶m H$mbmdYrV emim/H${ZîR> ‘hm{dÚmb¶rZ ñVamda gd© {dXçmÏ¶mªMr

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¶m{edm¶ ‘mJ©Xe©ZmV nwT>rb ~m~tMm g‘mdoe H$amdm.

1) narjoÀ¶m doimnÌH$mMo dmMZ d narjoMr ‘m{hVr, narjm XmbZmVrb dV©Z, loUr {df¶, A§VJ©V ‘yë¶‘mnZ,

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H$aUo.

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6) ‘§S>i hoënbmB©ZMr ‘m{hVr.

7) narjmH$mimV ‘wbm§Mr ¿¶md¶mMr H$miOr, Amhma, Pmon, ‘mZ{gH$Vm,

8) g‘wnXoeZ, dmhVyH$.

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10) e§H$mg‘mYmZ.

11 ) àmoËgmhZ, ew oÀN>m.


3)3 )3 )3 )3 ) ‘w»¶mÜ¶mnH$/àmMm¶© /{ejH$ g^m …-{X.16 ’o$~« wdmar 2015 amoOr‘w»¶mÜ¶mnH$/àmMm¶© /{ejH$ g^m …-{X.16 ’o$~« wdmar 2015 amoOr‘w»¶mÜ¶mnH$/àmMm¶© /{ejH$ g^m …-{X.16 ’o$~« wdmar 2015 amoOr‘w»¶mÜ¶mnH$/àmMm¶© /{ejH$ g^m …-{X.16 ’o$~« wdmar 2015 amoOr‘w»¶mÜ¶mnH$/àmMm¶© /{ejH$ g^m …-{X.16 ’o$~« wdmar 2015 amoOr‘w»¶mÜ¶mnH$/àmMm¶©, g§ñWm à{V{ZYr, {ejH$ nmbH$ g§K ¶m§Mo à{V{ZYr ¶m§À¶mg‘doV {X.16 ’o$~«wdmar{X.16 ’o$~«wdmar{X.16 ’o$~«wdmar{X.16 ’o$~«wdmar{X.16 ’o$~«wdmar

2015 amoOr2015 amoOr2015 amoOr2015 amoOr2015 amoOr {ejH$m§Mr g^m Am¶mo{OV H$aÊ¶mV ¶oDZ Ë¶m§Zm nwT>rb {df¶m§Mr ‘m{hVr XoUo.

B.10dr/B.12dr d EHy$UM gd© narjm§Mo ‘hËËd Am{U Jm§ r¶©1. {dXçmÏ¶m©àVr Am{U {ejUà{H«$¶oàVr {ejH$mMr Z¡{VH$ O~m~Xmar

2. ‘hmamîQ´> ImOJr emim H$‘©Mmar godmeVu {Z¶‘ 1981, {Z¶‘ 22 AZwgyMr "Oo' Zwgma {ejH$m§Mr H$V©ì¶o.

3. ‘§S>i {ejmgyMr d J¡a‘mJ© à{V~§YH$ H$m¶XçmVrb (Prevention of Malpractice Act) ‘Yrb VaVwXtMo dmMZ

d MMm©.

4. H$mhr {ejH$m§Zr J¡a‘mJm©g ‘XV qH$dm J¡a‘mJm©H$S>o Xþb©j Ho$ë¶m‘wio g‘mO‘mZgmV EHy$UM {ejH$ dJm©Mr VgoM

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{dXçmÏ¶mªÀ¶m ‘ZmV {Z‘m©U hmoUmar AZmXamMr ^mdZm.

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Am¶mo{OV H$ê$Z Ë¶m§Zm narjo{df¶r Imbrb ‘m{hVr X¶mdr.

1) narjoÀ¶m doimnÌH$mMo dmMZ d narjoMr ‘m{hVr

2) loUr {df¶, A§VJ©V ‘yë¶‘mnZ, EQ>rHo$Q>r (B.10dr H$arVm), loUrgwYma ¶moOZm, ~oñQ> ’$mB©ìh (B.10dr~oñQ> ’$mB©ìh (B.10dr~oñQ> ’$mB©ìh (B.10dr~oñQ> ’$mB©ìh (B.10dr~oñQ> ’$mB©ìh (B.10dr

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H$V©ì¶o.

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‘m{hVr XoUo.

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Cnamo³V H¥$Vr H$m¶©H«$‘mZwgma H$m¶©dmhr H$aÊ¶mV ¶mdr. g[Md, amÁ¶‘§S>i,

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*****


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*****


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kmZmV ê$nm§VaH$aÊ¶mMr j‘VmAdb§~yZ AgVo


‘mÜ¶‘m~X²>XbMm Aä¶mg åhUOoM eãX qH$dm {MÌ qH$dm {eën ¶m§À¶m~X²XbMm Aä¶mghr ‘hÎdnyU© AgVmo Am{U ¶m

gd© à{H«$¶m AZw d KoUo Vo ì¶³V H$aUo n¶ªVÀ¶m àdmgmV Amdí¶H$ ¶moJXmZ XoV AgVmV.

AZw d KoUo ¶m~m~V Oo KS>V AgVo VoM ‘m{hVr KoUo ¶mhr ~m~VrV KS>V AgVo. ‘wbm§Zm AmnU {eH$dVmo, åhUOo

Ë¶m§Zm AmÎmmn¶ªV ‘m{hVr Zgbobo gm§JV AgVmo. "Vr ‘m{hVr KoUo' hr à{H«$¶m nwÝhm Ë¶m ‘wbm§À¶m ‘mZ{gH$, ^md{ZH$,

~m¡X²>{YH$ j‘Voda Adb§~yZ AgVo. ¶m gd© j‘Vm Vo ‘yb Á¶m dmVmdaUmV KS>V Amho Ë¶mdahr Adb§~yZ AgVmV.

EHy$UM àË¶oH$ ‘wbmMr AmH$bZj‘Vm Am{U A{^ì¶³V j‘Vm hr Am§V[aH$ Am{U ~mø H$maH$m§da Adb§~yZ AgVo

åhUyZM Vr àË¶oH$ {dXçmWu naËdo {^Þ AgVo.

{ejU åhUOo H$m¶‘wbmbm, nmbH$mbm AmnU Or ‘m{hVr XoVmo, kmZ XoVmo, {dXçm XoVmo qH$dm {ejU XoVmo Vo {ejU åhUOo Zo‘Ho$ H$m¶

? OmJ{VH$ nmVirda ¶m g§X^m©V XmoZ {dMmaàUmbr Amnë¶mg‘moa ¶oVmV. nm¡dm©Ë¶ Am{U nmpíM‘mË¶. nm¡dm©Ë¶ {ejUàUmbrMo

à{V{Z{YËd AWm©VM ^maVmH$S>o ¶oVo. H$maU bmoH$‘mÝ¶ {Q>iH$m§À¶m ‘Vo doX{Z{‘©VrMm H$mbI§S> hm B.g. nyU© 7000 df©

Agm Amho Am{U doX hoM nm¡dm©Ë¶ {ejU nX²YVrMo ‘yi Amho. doX, ~«m÷U, AmaÊ¶H$, Cn{ZfX ho gd© J«§W ‘m¡{IH$

nX²YVrZo JwéHw$bmV éObo, {dH${gV Pmbo. {ZgJ© {ejU Am{U d¡pídH$ ‘yë¶m§Mo ~rOmamonU hr ‘yb yV Ü¶o¶o VËH$mbrZ

F$ftZr A§{JH$mabr. {ZgJ© {ejUmM§ X¡Z§{XZ OrdZmV Cn¶moOZ Am{U d¡pídH$ ‘yë¶m§À¶m AmYmamZo ‘mZdmM§ ‘mZ{gH$,

^md{ZH$, ~m¡X²>{YH$ CÝZ¶Z - ¶mnojm {ejUmMo CX²>{XîQ> AmUIr doJio H$m¶ Agy eH$Vo ? ¶m {dYmZmMr nwï>r - doX

Am{U Ë¶mZ§VaÀ¶m J«§WmVyZ Amnë¶mg‘moa Amboë¶m {d{dY kmZemIm§‘YyZ hmoVo. {ejUmMm hm ‘yb yV {dMma maVm‘Ü¶o

OdiOdi 10 hOma dfmªnydu éObm. Vgm nmpíM‘mË¶ g§ñH¥$VrV éOÊ¶mgmR>r gm°H«o${Q>gMm OÝ‘ ìhmdm bmJbm.

nmpíM‘mË¶ g§ñH¥$VrM§ à{V{Z{YËd J«rH$ YwarUm§Zr Ho$bo Amho. gm°H«o${Q>gÀ¶mhr AmYr "gmo{’$ñQ>' hm {dMma g§àXm¶ hmoVm.

Wobg, nm¶WmJmoag, hoa°³brQ>g²gmaIo {dMmad§V hmoD$Z Jobo. nU gm°H«o${Q>g Am{U Ë¶mMm {eî¶ ßboQ>mo ¶m§Zr g‘mO OrdZmbm

VÎdkmZmMo A{Yð>mZ àmßV H$ê$Z {Xbo. ì¶p³V{Zð>oÀ¶m OmJr {dídmË‘H$ ‘yë¶o g‘mOmV éOdbr. ßboQ>moZo Amnë¶m

"[anpãbH$' ¶m J«§WmV {ejU{df¶H$ g{dñVa {dMma ‘m§S>bobo AmhoV. "‘wbm§À¶m OÝ‘OmV e³VtZm g§ñH$m[aV H$ê$Z Ë¶m§Zm

AZwê$n Aem gX²JwUm§Mm {dH$mg åhUOo {ejU' - ßboQ>mo. 'I meant by education that training which is given

to the first instincts of virtue in children' - Pleto (B.g. nyd© 420 Vo 348)

OmJ{VH$ {dMmad§V d {ejU^maVr¶ F$fr‘wZtZr gm§{JVbobo "‘mZdr CÞ¶Z' doJù¶m eãXmV ßboQ>moZr ‘m§S>bo Amho, nU ‘yi Jm^m VmoM Amho.

OgOgm H$mi ~XbV Jobm VgVgo AZoH$ {dMmad§V {ejU {df¶mda à¶moJ Am{U ^mî¶ H$aV hmoVo. Ë¶mn¡H$s H$mhtMm

{dMma AmnU BWo H$ê$¶m -

OrZ OoH$g égmo -YH$mYH$sM§ Am{U ApñWa OrdZ OJUmam OrZ OoH$g égmo ¶m§Zr 'Emile' ¶m J«§WmV {ejU{df¶H$ ‘yb yV {dMma

‘m§S>bo AmhoV. gd© Ad¶dm§Mm d e³VtMm Z¡g{J©H$ {dH$mg åhUOo {ejU - égmo (1711 Vo 1778)


'The spontineous development of our organs and faculties constitutes the education of

nature' - Ruso.

~mbH$m§Mm Z¡g{J©H$ {dH$mg hr g§H$ënZm ¶mhr nydu AZoH$m§Zr ‘m§S>br hmoVr. nU égmoZo {ZgJ©XÎm ñd^md, ‘mZdr

g‘mO Am{U ~mø g¥ï>r åhUOoM {ZgJ© ¶m Jmoï>tnmgyZ {ejU {‘iVo ho ñnï> H$aV VËH$mbrZ nma§n[aH$ {ejU ì¶dñWobm

Y³H$m XoV {ejUjoÌmV H«$m§Vr KS>dyZ AmUbr. "E{‘b' ¶m J«§WmV Ë¶mM ZmdmMm ‘mZgnwÌ {Z‘m©U H$ê$Z Ë¶mbm H$go

{eH$dmdo ho H$WmË‘H$ nX²YVrZo dU©Z Ho$bo Amho.

‘o[a¶m ‘m°ÝQ>ogar -1870 ‘Ü¶o BQ>brV OÝ‘boë¶m ‘m°ÝQ>ogarZo ~mbH$m§À¶m {ejUmgmR>r ñdà¶moJm§Zr g¡X²Ym§{VH$ ‘m§S>Ur H$ê$Z

AmYw{ZH$ nyd© àmW{‘H$ {ejUmMm nm¶m KmVbm Am{U OJ^a Vmo gd©‘mÝ¶ Pmbm Amho. "B§{Ð¶ {ejUm‘wio ‘wbo A{YH$

g§doXZerb hmoVmV, Ë¶m§Mo AdbmoH$Z ‘m{‘©H$ hmoVo Am{U ~wX²YrMmhr {dH$mg hmoVmo.'

'This education prepares directly for intellectual education by perfecting the organs of

the sense and never paths of projection and association. Meria Montesory. (1870 Vo 1952)

AmO àM{bV Agboë¶m maV^a ngaboë¶m "~mbdmS>çm' ho ‘m°ÝQ>ogarMo ’$brV Amho. Om°Z A°S>åg² ¶m§Zr (1870

Vo 1952) 'The evaluation of education theory' ¶m J«§WmV {ejUjoÌmV d¡¶p³VH$ {ejUmÀ¶m VÎdmMm nm¶m

KmVbm. 'She has sounded the knell of class teaching' dJ© nX²>YVrbm gwê§$J bmdbm. Ago åhQ>bo Amho.

ñdm‘r {ddoH$mZ§X -^maVr¶ VÎdkmZmMm {dídmV àgma H$aUmao ñdm‘r {ddoH$mZ§X ¶m§Zr {ejU {df¶mda ^mî¶ H$aUo ho H«$‘àmßVM

Amho. Ë¶m§Zr ’$³V AÜ¶mpË‘H$ Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZM Zìho Va ‘mUgmÀ¶m n[anyU© {dH$mgmÀ¶m Ñï>rZo {ejUmMr ì¶m»¶m Ho$br

Amho. "{ejU åhUOo ‘mUgmVrb nyU©ËdmMm A{dîH$ma.' - ñdm‘r {ddoH$mZ§X

'Education is the manifestation of the perfection in man' - Swami Vevekanand

AmUIr EH$ ì¶mnH$ ì¶m»¶m ñdm‘rOtZr Ho$bobr Amho. "BÀN>me³VrMm {dH$mg H$aUo, {VMo {Z¶§ÌU H$ê$Z

AmË‘{dH$mgmÀ¶m H$m‘r {VMm {d{Z¶moJ H$aÊ¶mMo gm‘Ï¶© åhUOo {ejU' - ñdm‘r {ddoH$mZ§X.

'The training by which the current and expression of 'will' are brought under control and

become fruitful is called education' - Swami Vevekanand

‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr -Jm§YrdmXmZo Ho$di maVM Zìho Va nyU© {dídmbm ‘mZdr ~§YwËdmMo {eH$dU XoUmao ‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr ¶m§Zr gwX²Ym ‘yb^V

{dMma ‘m§S>VmZm {ejUmMo Ü¶o¶ gm§{JVbobo Amho. "AmË‘m d ‘Z ¶m§Mm n[anyU© {dH$mg H$ê$Z ì¶p³V‘Yrb gdm}ËH¥$ï>

JwUm§Mr A{^ì¶³Vr H$aUo ho {ejUmMo Iao Ü¶o¶.' - ‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr

'By education, I mean, drawing out of the best in man, body, mind and spirit. - M. Gandhi

{dXçmÏ¶mªZm Zmnmg H$aÊ¶mMo H$m‘ {dXçmb¶mV Ho$bo OmVo. Ë¶m‘wio {dXçmb¶mVrb {dXçmWu Am{U {ejH$

¶m§À¶mM g§X^m©V AmnU {dMma H$ê$¶m -


ßboQ>monmgyZ {dZmo~m ^mdon¶ªV Á¶m VÎddoËË¶m§Zr {ejU{df¶H$ {dMma ‘m§S>bo Ë¶mMo T>mo~i ‘mZmZo gmaH$mT>bo Va Vo Ago Agob. "B§{Ð¶m{Y{ð>V AZw dmVyZ Z¡g{J©H$ {dH$mg' hr {dXçmWu nmVirdarb à{H«$¶mAm{U ¶m {dH$mgmbm JVr {‘imdr Ago nmofH$ dmVmdaU {Z‘m©U H$aUo Am{U JVrVrb AS>Wù¶m§Zm XÿaH$aUo hr {ejH$ nmVirdarb à{H«$¶m Amho.

gÜ¶mMr {ejUnX²YVr ~KVm ¶m XmoZ nmVù¶m§‘Ü¶o Iyn A§Va Amho Ago bjmV ¶oVo. {dXçmÏ¶mªÀ¶m nmVirda ¶oD$Z

Ë¶m§À¶m AZw d{dídmer VmXmËå¶ nmdyZ ‘J Ë¶m§Zm nmofH$ dmVmdaU XoUo Am{U Ë¶mVrb AS>Wio Xÿa H$aUo hr à{H«$¶m

"{ejH$' nmVirda {H$Vr à‘mUmV Am{U {H$Vr Q>³Ho$ hmoV Amho. ¶mMr Hw$R>ohr Zm|X Zmhr - gÜ¶mÀ¶m {ejUàUmbrV Om°Z

H$m°‘o{ZAgZo J«WrV Ho$ë¶mà‘mUo "gmoß¶mH$Sy>Z H$m{R>Ê¶mH$S>o' ¶m gyÌmZwgma doJdoJù¶m dJm©gmR>r doJdoJio Aä¶mgH«$‘

AmnU V¶ma Ho$bobo AmhoV. VgoM H$mhr H$m¡eë¶o {ZYm©[aV Ho$br AmhoV. {dXçmÏ¶mªZr Vr H$m¡eë¶o AmË‘gmV Zmhr Ho$br

qH$dm Aä¶mgH«$‘mV Vmo H$‘r nS>bm H$s AmnU Ë¶mbm Zmnmg H$aVmo -

‘yë¶‘mnZmMr hr nX²>YV A{^ì¶³Vrda Adb§~yZ AgVo. {ejUmMm ‘yi Jm^m Amho. "B§{Ð¶m{Y{ð>V AZw d' nU

hm AZw d, A{^ì¶³VrV ê$nm§VarV Pmë¶m{edm¶ AmnU ‘yë¶‘mnZ H$ê$M eH$V Zmhr. Am{U àË¶oH$ {dXçmWu hm

A{^ì¶³VrV H$m¡eë¶nyU© AgobM Ago Zmhr. nU ¶mMm AW© Vmo AZw d KoD$Z g‘¥X²Y Pmbm Zmhr Agmhr hmoV Zmhr.

XþgarH$S>o EImXm {dXçmWu AZw d KoÊ¶mV H$‘r Agbm Var A{^ì¶³VrV gag Agob Vmo ‘yë¶‘mnZmV loð> R>aVmo. BWoM

{dXçmWu Am{U narjmWu Ago XmoZ àdmh {XgVmV. Am{U A{^ì¶p³V{Y{ð>V ‘yë¶‘mnZmMo ‘mnX§S> {WQ>o nS>VmV -

A{^ì¶³Vr V§Ìmbm ‘hÎd àmßV hmoVo Am{U kmZmnmgyZ Vmo H$mogmo Xÿa OmÊ¶mMr e³¶Vm {Z‘m©U hmoVo.

‘yë¶‘mnZ ’$³V {dXçmÏ¶m©MoM H$m ?{dXçmWu H|${ÐV {ejU nX²>YVr AmnU Adb§{~bobr Amho. ¶mV {dXçmÏ¶mªZm AZw d KoVmZm nmofH$ dmVmdaU

{Z‘m©U H$aUo Am{U ¶m à{H«$¶oVrb AS>Wio Xÿa H$aUo ho {ejH$mM§ H$m‘ Amho. (AÜ¶¶Z Am{U AÜ¶mnZ Ago eãX

hoVynwañga Q>mibo AmhoV. H$maU AZoH$ {ejU VÁkm§Zr Ë¶mda Amjon KoVbobm Amho.) {dXçmÏ¶mªgmR>r A{^ì¶³Vrda

AmYm[aV ‘yë¶‘mnZ nX²YVr ApñVËdmV Amho. nU {ejH$m§gmR>r ‘yë¶‘mnZnX²YVr ApñVËdmV Zmhr. åhUOo Omo KQ>H$ kmZ

XoÊ¶mM§ qH$dm nmofH$ dmVmdaU V¶ma H$aÊ¶mM§ H$m¶© H$aVmo Ë¶mM§ ‘yë¶‘mnZ hmoV Zmhr - hm {ejH$ KQ>H$ ¶mo½¶ Vo kmZ

XoUo qH$dm ¶mo½¶ Vo nmofH$ dmVmdaU {Z‘m©U H$aUo ho H$m¶© àm‘m{UH$nUo Am{U nyU© j‘VoZo H$aVmo ho J¥{hVH$ Amho. nU

AmnU ho {dgaVmo H$s ¶m kmZ XoÊ¶mda qH$dm nmofH$ dmVmdaUmdaM {dXçmÏ¶mªM§ AZw d KoUo Adb§~yZ Amho. ‘J ¶m

{ejH$m§Mo ‘yë¶‘mnZ Z H$aVm {dXçmÏ¶mªMo ‘yë¶‘mnZ H$aÊ¶mMm Z¡{VH$ A{YH$ma Amnë¶mbm Amho H$m ? EH$sH$S>o ~mbH$

H|$Ðr {ejUàUmbr Ago AmnU åhUVmo nU àË¶jmV ‘mÌ Vr {ejH$H|$Ðr Zmhr H$m ?

åhUyZM ’$³V A{^ì¶³Vr{Y{ð>V ‘yë¶‘mnZ nX²YVr Am{U {ejH$m§Mo Z hmoUmao ‘yë¶‘mnZ ¶m XmoZ ‘hÎdnyU©

‘wX²Xçm§À¶m AmYmao Ago åhUVm ¶oB©b H$s, {dXçmÏ¶mªZm Zmnmg H$aÊ¶mMm Amnë¶mbm Z¡{VH$ A{YH$maM Zmhr. Ë¶m‘wio

Ë¶m§Zm ZmnmgM H$ê$ Z¶o.

AmH$bZj‘Vm -Xþgam ‘hÎdnyU© mJ Agm H$s, àË¶oH$ {dXçmWu hm AZw d KoVM AgVmo. nU àË¶oH$ {dXçmÏ¶mªMr AmH$bZj‘Vm


bjmV Z KoVm Aä¶mgH«$‘ R>adbobm Agë¶m‘wio gagH$Q> EH$M ’y$Q>nQ²>Q>r gJù¶m§Zm bmJy H$aUo ho AÝ¶m¶H$maH$ Amho.

¶mhr ‘wX²XçmÀ¶m AmYmao {dXçmÏ¶m©bm Zmnmg H$aÊ¶mMm Z¡{VH$ A{YH$ma AmnU J‘mdbobm Amho.

‘Z ¶m g§H$ënZo~X²>Xb AZoH$m§Zr AZoH$ àH$mao {bhÿZ R>odbobo Amho. ‘Z M§Mb Amho ho {ZpíMV. M§MbnUm hr

‘ZmMr àH¥$Vr Zìho. ‘Z ho ‘wimV gËdJwUmË‘H$ Amho. M§MbnUm aOmoJwUm‘wio ¶oVmo d Vmo ‘ZmMm Xmof Amho. åhUyZ

àË¶oH$mZo gmYZoZo, {Zð>oZo Vmo H$mTy>Z Q>mH$Uo e³¶ Amho. - g‘W© am‘Xmg.

~mbH$mÀ¶mhr ‘ZmMr AdñWm M§Mb AgVoM nU Vr M§MbVm {Okmgm, {M{H$ËgH$ d¥Îmr ¶mVyZ {Z‘m©U hmoVo. Am{U

Ë¶m§À¶m ¶m emoYH$ d¥Îmrbm ¶mo½¶ IVnmUr Am{U ¶mo½¶ {Xem {Xbr Zmhr Va Vmo nwT>o MmbyZ Xmof {Z‘m©U hmoD$ eH$Vmo. VgoM

VmUVUmd ho gwX²Ym bhmZnUmnmgyZ AgVmVM Am{U Ë¶mM§ ì¶dñWmnZgwX²Ym ‘wb§ H$aVM AgVmV. Ë¶mV Ë¶m§Zm gmW

{‘iVo Vr ‘moR>çm ì¶³VtÀ¶m AmMaUmÀ¶m {ZarjUmVyZ Am{U ¶m VmUVUmdm§Zm Vm|S> XoÊ¶mMr Ë¶m§Mr ^md{ZH$ Am{U

‘mZ{gH$ e³Vr ÑT> hmoVo.

¶m nmíd© y‘rda {dXçmÏ¶mªZm Zmnmg Ho$ë¶m‘wio Oo XÿaJm‘r Xþîn[aUm‘ hmoVmV ho AmnU ~Ky¶m.1) {dXçmÏ¶mªÀ¶m AmH$bZmÀ¶m nmVirda qH$dm AZw d KoÊ¶mÀ¶m nmVirda OmD$Z AmnU AÜ¶mnZ H$aVmoM Ago

Zmhr. H$maU àË¶oH$ {dXçmÏ¶m©Mr hr j‘Vm {^Þ AgVo. Am{U {ejH$ EH$mM doiog {H$‘mZ 40 ‘wbm§Zm {eH$dV

AgVmV. Aem n[apñWVrV Ë¶m§Zm Zmnmg Ho$bo Va emioV {dXçmWu Am{U {ejH$ Vg§M KamV nmë¶ Am{U nmbH$

¶m§À¶mV {dXçmÏ¶mªÀ¶m ‘wbm§À¶m nmVirda EH$ gyú‘ Xar {Z‘m©U hmoVmo. Or H$mbm§VamZo dmT>Ê¶mMm YmoH$m AgVmo

Am{U Aer Xar AgUo ho Hw$Qw>§~mgmR>r, g‘mOmgmR>r Am{U amîQ´>mgmR>r H$Xmnrhr ¶mo½¶ Zmhr. åhUyZM {dXçmÏ¶mªZm

ZmnmgM H$ê$ Z¶o

2) A{^ì¶p³V{Y{ð>V ‘yë¶‘mnZmÀ¶m nmVirda ‘wbm§Zm Zmnmg Ho$bo Va kmZ {‘i{dÊ¶mMr ghO gwb^ Z¡g{J©H$ BÀN>m

H$‘r hmoVo - Zmhrer hmoVo. ¶m nX²YVrZo Oa AmnU narjm KoVbr Va {dXçmÏ¶mªMo nyU© df© dm¶m OmUma Zmhr Am{U

Ë¶m‘wio {ejU ho Cn¶w³VVoda AmYm[aV Agob Zìho H$s Ho$di VÎdàUmbrda. Á¶m§Zm AmnU amîQ´>mMo AmYmañV§

‘mZVmo Ë¶m {dXçmÏ¶mªÀ¶m ‘ZmV àmW{‘H$ nmVirdaM Aer ZH$mamË‘H$ mdZm {Z‘m©U hmoUo ho Hw$R>ë¶mhr amîQ´>mÀ¶m

{hVmMo Zmhr.

3) ‘yb bhmZ Agbo Var Ë¶mbmhr VmUVUmd AgVmVM Ag§ AZoH$mZoH$ ~mb‘mZgemñÌkm§Zr gm§{JVbobo Amho. Ë¶m

VmUm§M§ ì¶dñWmnZ H$aÊ¶mMr Ë¶m§Mr j‘Vmhr AgVo. nU {dXçmÏ¶m©bm Zmnmg Ho$ë¶mZ§Va {Z‘m©U hmoUmao VmU ho

ì¶dpñWV hmVmibo Jobo Zmhr Va XþX£dmZo Z¡amí¶ Vo AmË‘hË¶m Agm àdmg hmoD$ eH$Vmo. Am{U AZoH$ {R>H$mUr

Pmë¶mMohr {ZXe©Zmg Ambo Amho. Amnbr ^{dî¶mVrb {nT>r emar[aH$, ~m¡X²>{YH$, ‘mZ{gH$ Am{U ^md{ZH$

nmVirda gwÑT> Agmdr Ag§ dmQ>V Agob Va {dXçmÏ¶mªZm Zmnmg H$ê$ Z¶o.

AWm©V ho nÏ¶ ‘wbm§À¶m 14-15 dfmªn¶ªV gm§ miUo Amdí¶H$ Amho. Ë¶mZ§VaÀ¶m d¶mV ‘mZ{gH$ Xar {Z‘m©U

hmoÊ¶mMr, ZH$mamË‘H$ ^mdZm {Z‘m©U hmoÊ¶mMr e³¶Vm H$‘r AgVo. Am{U VmUVUmdmbm Vm|S> XoÊ¶mMr ^md{ZH$ j‘Vm

dmT>bobr AgVo.


¶m n[apñWVrV {ejH$m§Mr y{‘H$m H$er Agmdr ho g‘W© am‘Xmgm§À¶m eãXmV gm§JVm ¶oB©b.

O¶m d{U©Vr doXemñÌo nwamUo &

O¶mMo{Z ¶moJo g‘mYmZ ~mUo &&

V¶mbm{J ho gd© Mm§Më¶ XrOo &

‘ZmgÁOZm amKdr dpñVH$sOo && (‘ZmMo íbmoH$ - 39)

¶m íbmoH$mVrb à wam‘M§ÐmMm CëboI Q>miyZ Amnë¶mbm Ag§ åhUVm ¶oB©b H$s, "gd© Mm§Më¶ XrOo' ‘wbm§À¶m

‘ZmMo Mm§Më¶ ¶mo½¶ {XeoZo didÊ¶mgmR>r {ejH$m§Mr {ZîR>m, gmYZm Am{U H¥$VrVrb gmVË¶ Amdí¶H$ Amho. {ejH$m§Zr

ho gmÜ¶ Ho$bo Va {dXçmWu CÞV hmoVmo.

‘mÂ¶m AÜ¶mnZ Am¶wî¶mVrb AZoH$ AZw dm§n¡H$s H$mhr AZw d/à¶moJ ‘r ¶oWo g§{jßV‘Ü¶o àñVwV H$aV Amho.

1) à¶moJ H«$‘m§H$ 1nmíd© y‘r - df© 1995-1996, B¶Îmm 8dr Mm {dXçmWu, dS>rb d¡XçH$s¶ ì¶dgm¶mVrb VÁk, AmB© J¥{hUr,

XmoZ ‘wbtZ§Va Pmbobm ‘wbJm, WmoS>mgm bmS>mdbobm, AmB©d{S>bm§Zm XþþéÎmao H$aÊ¶mMr gd¶ bmJbr, Kar gJio AñdñW,

nmbH$m§Zr {dZ§Vr Ho$br Vwåhr Oam gm§JyZ ~Km, Vw‘M§ EoHo$b.

{ZarjU‘wbmMo bmS> OmñV Pmbo hmoVo Ago dmQ>Vo (H$maU Ë¶mÀ¶m S>ã¶mVrb doJdoJio nXmW©), Ë¶mbm {ejUm~X²>Xb

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AmnU Am{U ‘r J{V‘mZ OmJ{VH$sH$aUmÀ¶m ¶wJmV amhVmo AmhmoV. A{VdoJdmZ B§Q>aZoQ>Zo AmnU OmoS>bobmo AmhmoV.EH$mM OmJ{VH$ ~mOmamVrb dñVy Am{U godm§Mr AmXmZàXmZ H$aVmo. XaamoO hOmamo {d‘mZ CS²>S>mUm§Zr AmnU OJmVë¶mH$mZmH$monè¶mV nmohmoMVmo. na§Vw VoWoM EH$ J§ ra Agm Xþamdm Amho. Vmo åhUOo Amnë¶mVrb {Oìhmù¶mMm A^md. d¡¶p³VH$ào‘ d {Oìhmim ¶m§Mm àgma AmnU d¡pídH$ Am§XmobZmV H$ê$¶m. AmnU H$éUoMo d¡pídH$sH$aU H$ê$¶m. Ho$di {ZpîH«$¶H$éUm Zìho Va n[adV©ZmË‘H$ H$éUm H$s Or AmnUmg Ý¶m¶, g‘Vm d ñdmV§Í¶mH$S>o ZoB©b. ‘hmË‘m Jm§YrOr Zoh‘r åhUV,""Oa AmnUmg OJmbm Iè¶m em§VVoMr {eH$dU Xçm¶Mr Agob Va AmnUmg ‘wbm§nmgyZM gwédmV H$am¶bm hdr.'' ‘r{dZ‘«nUo Ë¶mV â Kmby BpÀN>Vmo H$s AmnU ‘wbm§{df¶rÀ¶m H$éUoX²dmam OJ EH$mË‘ H$ê$¶m. ’w$Q>~m°b ~Z{dVmZm Ë¶mbmQ>mHo$ KmbUmao, na§Vw H$Yrhr Vmo Ioi Z IoiUmar ‘wbo H$moUmMr AmhoV ? Vr Amnbr ‘wbo AmhoV. ImUrVrb XJS> d I{ZOoImoXUmar ‘wbo H$moUmMr AmhoV ? Vr Amnbr ‘wbo AmhoV. H$moH$moMr Md XoIrb Z MmIUmar na§Vw H$moH$moMo {nH$ H$mT>Ê¶mg‘XV H$aUmar ‘wbo H$moUmMr AmhoV? Vr ‘wbo Amnbr AmhoV.

^maVmVrb MH«$dmT> ì¶mOmZo dmT>Umao H$O© d doR>{~JmarÀ¶m ê$nmV g¡VmZmZo OÝ‘ KoVbm hmoVm. doR>{~JmarVyZZwH$VrM gwQ>H$m Pmboë¶m, ‘mÂ¶m JmS>rV ~gboë¶m EH$m AmR> df} d¶mÀ¶m ‘wbrZo ‘bm {dMmabo, ""‘mÂ¶m ‘w³VVogmR>rAmnU ¶mAmYrM Ambm ZmhrV ?'' {VÀ¶m Ë¶m g§VßV àíZmZo AOyZhr ‘mPm WaH$mn hmoVmo. OJmbm hmXadyZ gmoS>Umare³Vr Ë¶m àíZmV Amho. {VMm Vmo àíZ AmnUm gdmªgmR>r Amho. Amåhr AmYr bdH$a H$m nmohmoMbmo ZmhrV ? AmnU H$emMrà{Vjm H$arV AmhmoV? ¶m ‘wbm§Mr ‘w³VVm Z H$aVm {H$Vr g¡VmZm§Zm AmnU A^¶ XoUma ? AmnU AOyZ {H$Vr ‘wbtMoAnhaU hmoD$ XoUma, Ë¶m§Zm A§YmaH$moR>S>rV S>m§~y XoUma d {H$Vr ‘wbtda AË¶mMma hmoD$ XoUma ? g¡VmZm§à‘mUoM OJâmVrb‘wbo AmnUmg Amnë¶m {ZpîH«$¶Vo~X²>Xb Om~ {dMmaV AmhoV Am{U Amnë¶m H¥$Vtda ZOa R>odyZ AmhoV.

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{‘Ìhmo, AmnU hr Jmoï> H$ê$ eH$Vmo. emgZmZo ‘wbm§À¶m gmoB©Mr YmoaUo ~Z{dbr nm{hOoV Am{U ¶wdH$m§À¶m {ejUmVJw§VdUyH$ Ho$br nm{hOo. ZmdrÝ¶nyU© m{JXmargmR>r ì¶mnma, ‘w³V nm{hOo d A{YH$ O~m~Xmar¶w³V Agbm nm{hOo. Am§VaemgH$s¶g§ñWm§Zr EH$Ì ¶oD$Z YS>H$ doJdmZ H¥${VH$m¶©H«$‘ H$m¶m©pÝdV Ho$bm nm{hOo. d¡pídH$ ZmJar g‘mO nma§n[aH$ ì¶mnma C{X‘d {dñH$irV ~m~tnojm A{YH$ CÞV Pmbm nm{hOo. Ym{‘©H$ ZoVo Am{U g§ñWm Am{U AmnU gd©OU R>m‘nUo ‘wbm§À¶m nmR>rerC o R>mH$bo nm{hOo.

AmnU YmS>er d ‘hÎdmH$m§jr ~Zbo nm{hOo. Ë¶mgmR>r Amnë¶mV ÑT> BÀN>me³Vr hdr. AmnU {Xbobr dMZo nmibrnm{hOoV. nÞmg dfmªnydu, emioÀ¶m ‘mÂ¶m n{hë¶mM {Xder, emioÀ¶m àdoeX²dmamnmer ~gboë¶m ‘mÂ¶mM d¶mÀ¶m~wQ>nm°bre H$aUmè¶m EH$m ‘wbmer ‘mPr oQ> Pmbr. ‘r ‘mÂ¶m {ejH$m§Zm {dMmabo, ""Vmo ‘wbJm emio~mhoa H$m H$m‘ H$arVAmho ? Vmo ‘mÂ¶m ~amo~a emioV H$m ¶oV Zmhr ? na§Vw Ë¶mÀ¶mH$S>o CÎma ZìhVo. EHo$ {Xder YmS>gmZoM ‘r Ë¶m ‘wbmÀ¶md{S>bm§Zm {dMmabo, Vo åhUmbo, ~mi, ‘r Ë¶m{df¶r {dMmaM Ho$bm Zmhr. Amåhr H$m‘ H$aÊ¶mgmR>rM OÝ‘bmo AmhmoV.'' CÎmaEoHy$Z ‘r CX²>{d½Z Pmbmo. Ë¶m§Mm ‘bm AmOhr amJ ¶oVmo. nU Ë¶mdoir ‘r Ë¶m Jmoï>rMm Om~ {dMmabm Am{U AmOXoIrb ‘rË¶m JmoîQ>rbm AmìhmZ XoVmo.

bhmZnUr ‘bm "CXçm' Mm {dMma hmoVm. Vmo ‘wbJm Voìhm ‘mÂ¶mgmo~V ‘mÂ¶m dJm©V {eH$V hmoVm. Vmo VoìhmMm CXçmAmVm AmO ~Zbm Amho. Am{U Vwåhr CXçm ~Zbm AmhmV. AmO àË¶oH$ ‘wbmbm OrdZ OJÊ¶mMm, ñdmV§Í¶mMm CÎm‘Amamo½¶g§nmXZmMm, {ejUmMm, gwa{jVVoMm, à{Vð>oMm, g‘mZVoMm Am{U em§VVoMm h³H$ Amho. AmO A§YmamÀ¶m Xÿa nbrH$S>o,bwH$bwH$Umè¶m Vmè¶m§‘Ü¶o ‘bm Amnë¶m ‘wbm§Mo hgao Mohao {XgVmV. AmO, àË¶oH$ ‘hmgmJamÀ¶m àË¶oH$ CgiË¶m bmQ>o~amo~a‘bm Amnbr ‘wbo IoiVmZm, Z¥Ë¶ H$aVmZm {XgVmV. AmO àË¶oH$ amonmV, PmS>mV Am{U nd©VmV, ‘mÂ¶m dJm©V, ‘mÂ¶mgmo~V~gbobm Vmo ‘wbJm ‘bm {XgVmo. hm AmO Vw‘À¶m Om{UdoV Ambobm ‘bm nhm¶Mm Amho. ‘mÂ¶m {à¶ {JZr Am{U ~§Yy§Zmo,Vwåhr Vw‘Mo S>moio ~§X H$ê$Z jU^a Vw‘Mo hmV Vw‘À¶m öX¶mda R>odmb H$m¶ ? Vw‘À¶m‘Ü¶o XS>bobo EH$ bhmZ ~mbH$Vwåhmbm OmUdVo H$m¶ ? Ë¶m ~mbH$mMo bjnyd©H$ EoH$m. Vwåhr hr Jmoï> Z³H$sM H$ê$ eH$Vm.

AmO ‘r nmhVmo H$s hOmamo ‘hmË‘m Jm§Yr, ‘m{Q>©Z ë¶wWa qH$J Am{U ZoëgZ ‘§S>obm ‘wbm§gmR>r bT>m XoV nwT>rbdmQ>Mmb H$arV AmhoV Am{U AmnUm gdmªZm Ë¶m§À¶mV gh^mJr hmoÊ¶mgmR>r hmH$ ‘marV AmhoV. AZoH$ ‘wbo-‘wbr Ë¶m§À¶m~amo~agh^mJr Pmbo AmhoV. ‘r gwX²Ym Ë¶m§À¶mV gm‘rb Pmbmo Amho. ‘bm dmQ>Vo Vwåhr gwX²Ym Ë¶mV gh^mJr ìhm¶bm hdo. AmnUkmZ bmoH$emhr¶w³V H$ê$¶m. AmnU Ý¶m¶mbm d¡pídH$ ~Zdy¶m. AmnU EH$Ì ¶oD$Z, Amnë¶m ‘wbm§gmR>r H$éUobm d¡pídH$H$ê$¶m. ‘r øm XmbZmV, AmnUmg Am{U OJ^amVrb bmoH$m§Zm {dZ‘« AmdmhZ H$arV Amho. N>imnmgyZ {ejUmH$S>o,Xm[aÐçmnmgyZ gm‘wXm{¶H$ àJVrH$S>o, Jwbm‘{JarnmgyZ ñdmV§Í¶mH$S>o Am{U qhgmMmamnmgyZ em§VVoH$S>o ‘mJ©H«$‘U H$aÊ¶mMo‘r AmdmhZ H$aVmo.

{V{‘amVyZ VoOmH$S>o OmD$¶m.‘Î¶m©H$Sy>Z A‘Ë¶m©H$S>o dmQ>Mmb H$ê$¶m.

AmnU nwT>rb ‘mJ©H«$‘U H$ê$¶m.

*****


Zmo~ob gÝ‘mZ ^mfU :

Amoñbmo, 10 {S>g|~a 2014Amoñbmo, 10 {S>g|~a 2014Amoñbmo, 10 {S>g|~a 2014Amoñbmo, 10 {S>g|~a 2014Amoñbmo, 10 {S>g|~a 2014

àààààW‘V: AË¶§V j‘merb d CnH$maH$ na‘oídamMo ‘r ñ‘aU H$aVo.

CnpñWV gÝ‘mZZr¶ amOo/amUr gmho~, amOKamÊ¶mVrb CÀM nXñW, Zm°d}À¶m

Zmo~ob g{‘VrMo gÝ‘mZZr¶ gXñ¶ d {à¶ ^{JZr Am{U ~§Yy§Zmo,

AmOMm {Xdg ‘mÂ¶mgmR>r Iyn AmZ§XXm¶r Amho. Zmo~ob g{‘VrZo øm

~hþ‘mob nwañH$mamgmR>r ‘mPr {ZdS> Ho$br. Ë¶m~X²Xb ‘r Ë¶m§Mr F$Ur Amho.

Amnbm gmVË¶nyU© nmR>t~m d ào‘m‘wio ‘r AmnUm gdmªMr Am^mar Amho. OJ^amVrb gd©Xÿadê$Z

AXçmnhr ‘bm Amnbr nÌo d ew oÀN>m g§Xoe ¶oVmV, Ë¶m~X²Xb ‘r Amnbr Am^mar Amho.

Amnbo H¥$nmd§V d CÎmoOZnyd©H$ eãX ‘bm ~i d àoaUm XoVmV.

‘mÂ¶mdarb Agboë¶m {Zì¶m©O ào‘m~X²²>Xb ‘r ‘mÂ¶m AmB©-d{S>bm§Mo Am^ma ‘mZVo. ‘mPo

n§I Z N>mQ>Vm, ‘bm ‘mÂ¶m ñdoÀN>oZo AmH$memV ^amar ‘mê$ XoUmè¶m ‘mÂ¶m d{S>bm§Mr ‘r

Am^mar Amho. ‘r ‘mÂ¶m AmB©Mohr Am^ma ‘mZVo H$maU {VZo ‘bm g§¶‘ ~miJÊ¶mMr d Zoh‘r

Iao ~mobÊ¶mMr àoaUm {Xbr. Am{U hrM Iar Bñbm‘Mr {eH$dU Amho. ¶mda Amnbm ÑT>

{dídmg Amho. ‘r AmUIr Am^mar Amho ‘mÂ¶m Abm¡{H$H$ JwéOZm§Mr Á¶m§Zr ‘bm ñdV:da {dídmg R>odÊ¶mMr d

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d gdm©V H$‘r d¶mMr {dOoVr Amho. Ë¶mhrnojm ‘bm {ZpíMV ImÌr Amho H$s AOyZhr bhmZ ^md§S>m§er ImoS>H$anUo

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¶mMm ‘bm A{^‘mZ Amho. Amåhr OJmbm Xe©dy eH$Vmo H$s EH$ maVr¶ d EH$ nm{H$ñVmZr ì¶³Vr EH${ÌVnUo bT>m

XoD$Z ‘wbm§Mo h³H$ {‘idyZ XoÊ¶mMo Ü¶o¶ gmÜ¶ H$ê$ eH$Vmo.

Zmo~ob àmBO² g‘ma§ àg§Jr Ho$boë¶m^mfUmMm ñd¡a ‘amR>r AZwdmX

S>m°. ìhr. Q>r. nmQ>rb‘hmË‘m Á¶mo{V~m ’w$bo Cƒ ‘mÜ¶. àembm,

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"‘bmbm'MmAW© OJmVrbgdm©V OmñV

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Amho.

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AW© OJmVrb gdm©V OmñV AmZ§{XV ‘wbJr Agm Amho. Am{U AmO ‘bm AmZ§X hmoVmo Amho H$s AmnU gd©OU

‘hÎdmÀ¶m H$m¶m©gmR>r EH${ÌVnUo bT>m XoV AmhmoV.

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hdr AgUmè¶m ^¶H§${nV ‘wbm§Mm hm nwañH$ma Amho. ~XbmMr Amem AgUmè¶m AmdmO XS>nyZ Q>mH$boë¶m ‘wbm§Mm

hm nwañH$ma Amho. ‘wbm§À¶m h³H$m§gmR>r d Ë¶m§Mm AmdmO ~wb§X H$aÊ¶mgmR>r ‘r ¶oWo C^r Amho. Ë¶m§À¶mda X¶m

XmI{dÊ¶mMr hr doi ZgyZ ~oYS>H$ H¥$Vr H$aÊ¶mMr hr A§{V‘ doi Amho. {ejUmnmgyZ d§{MV Pmboë¶m ‘wbm§Zm

nmhÊ¶mMm hm eodQ>MmM jU Amho.

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AgUmar ‘r EH$ {ZJ«hr ‘wbJr Amho.

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Vmo EH$ AZw d Amho. ñdmV ¶oWrb ‘mÂ¶m Z§XZdZê$nr KamV {ejUmMr Am{U ZmdrÝ¶mMm emoY KoÊ¶mMr ‘bm

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H$mT>m¶Mmo.

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‘wboM àJVr H$ê$ eH$VmV ho ‘V ImoSy>Z H$mT>m¶Mo hmoVo.

na§Vw gd© H$mhr ~Xbbo. ‘r amhV Agbobo gwX§a n¶©Q>Z H|$Ð, XheVdmXçm§Mm AS²>S>m

~Zbo. ‘r Xhm dfmªMr AgVmZmM 400 nojm OmñV emim CX²ÜdñV H$aÊ¶mV Amë¶m.

pñÌ¶m§Zm Mm~H$mÀ¶m ’$Q>³¶m§Mr {ejm XoÊ¶mV Ambr. bmoH$m§Zm R>ma ‘maÊ¶mV Ambo Am{U

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{ejU hoOrdZmVrb daXmZAmho Am{U VoOrdZmgmR>rAmdí¶H$hr Amho.


Ambr. ‘mPo OJ AMmZH$ ~Xbbo Jobo. ‘mÂ¶m OrdZmV doJù¶mM Jmoï>tZm àmYmÝ¶ {‘imbo.

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n¶m©¶ åhUOo AÝ¶m¶mMm {damoY H$aVmZmM ‘mabo OmUo. ‘r Xþgam n¶m©¶ {ZdS>bm Am{U

AÝ¶m¶mMm {damoY H$aÊ¶mMm {ZU©¶ KoVbm. Am‘À¶m h³H$m§Zm S>mdbUo, {ZX©¶rnUo bmoH$m§Zm

R>ma H$aUo Am{U Bñbm‘Mm J¡admna H$aUo ¶mgma»¶m XheVdmXr H¥$Î¶m§Zm Amåhr {Z‘yQ>nUo

nmhÿ eH$V ZìhVmo.

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{ZU©¶ KoVbm. "n{dÌ Hw$amUmV AëbmZo {Xbobr {eH$dU AmnUmg ‘mhrV Zmhr H$m¶?'

Aëbm åhUVmV, ""Vwåhr EH$m ì¶³VrMr hË¶m Ho$br Va Vr g§nyU© ‘mZdOmVrMrM hË¶m

Ho$ë¶mgmaIo Zmhr H$m¶ ?'' em§VVoMo XÿV H$éUoMo ào{fV ‘mohå‘X ¶m§Mr {eH$dU AmnUmg

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"BH$am' åhUOo "dmMUo' hmo¶ ?

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AmnUm gd© ‘wbtMrM Jmoï> Amho. AmO ‘r Ë¶m gd© ‘wbtMrM Jmoï> gm§JVo.

‘mPrM Jmoï> OJUmè¶m nm{H$ñVmZ, Zm¶Oo[a¶m d g¡[a¶m ¶oWrb ‘mÂ¶m ^{JZtZm ‘r ‘mÂ¶mgmo~V AmUbobo

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d H$m{¶ZmV ømgwX²Ym ‘mÂ¶mgmo~V AmhoV. nU Ë¶m§Zr {ejU KoUo ~§X Ho$bo Zmhr. ‘mPr YmS>er ^{JZr H$m¶rZmV

gw‘amo {hbm Va AË¶mMma d Vrd« qhgmMmambm gm‘moao Omdo bmJVo. {VMm Va ^mD$gwX²Ym Ë¶mV ‘mabm Jobm. nU

Vr Ë¶m XheVdmXçm§Zm eaU Jobr Zmhr.

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‘oPm°Z, Or AmVm Om°S>©ZÀ¶m Aml¶{e{~amV amhVo Am{U VoWrb àË¶oH$ amhþQ>rV OmD$Z VoWrb ‘wbm-‘wbtZm {ejU

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^{JZr A{‘Zm gwX²Ym ‘wbtZm emioV OmÊ¶m{df¶r àmoËgmhZ XoVo.

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hm ‘mÂ¶m EH$Q>rMm ZgyZ ‘mÂ¶m bmImo ^{JZtMm Amho. ‘r ‘bmbm Amho. na§Vw em{P¶m gwX²Ym Amho. ‘r H$m¶rZmV

Amho. ‘r H$m¶rZmV gw‘amo Amho. ‘r ‘oPm°Z Amho. ‘r A{‘Zm Amho. {ejUmnmgyZ d§{MV Agboë¶m 66 Xebj

‘wbtMr ‘r à{V{ZYr Amho. AmO Ho$di ‘mPmM AmdmO ~wb§X Zmhr, Va 66 Xebj ‘wbtMm AmdmO ~wb§X Pmbobm

""‘wbtZr emioVH$m Omdo ? VoË¶m§Zm ‘hÎdmMoAmho H$m¶ ?na§Vw ‘mÂ¶m ‘VoA{YH$ ‘hÎdmMmàíZ åhUOo,‘wbtZm emioVOmÊ¶mMm h³H$H$m Zgmdm ?''


Amho. H$mhr doim bmoH$ ‘bm {dMmaVmV H$s, ""‘wbtZr emioV H$m Omdo ? Vo Ë¶m§Zm ‘hÎdmMo Amho H$m¶ ? na§Vw ‘mÂ¶m

‘Vo A{YH$ ‘hÎdmMm àíZ åhUOo, ‘wbtZm emioV OmÊ¶mMm h³H$ H$m Zgmdm ?''

{à¶ ^{JZr Am{U ~§Yy§Zmo, AmO OJmÀ¶m AÜ¶m© ^mJmMm PnmQ>çmZo {dH$mg Pmbobm {XgVmo. na§Vw Ago

AZoH$ Xoe AmhoV H$s OoWo ¶wX²Y, Xm[aÐç Am{U AÝ¶m¶ Aem OwÝ¶mM g‘ñ¶m§Zr bjmdYr bmoH$ J«ñV AmhoV.

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Am{’«$Ho$‘Yrb ~è¶mMem ‘wbm-‘wbtZm J[a~r‘wio {ejU KoVm ¶oV Zmhr. AmnU AOyZhr nmhVmo H$s, CÎma

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nm{H$ñVmZ Am{U ^maVm‘Yrb gm‘m{OH$ ~§YZo, O~aXñVrZo Ho$bobo ~mb{ddmh d bmXboë¶m ~mb‘Owar‘wio AZoH$

‘wbo-‘wbr {ejUmnmgyZ d§{MV AmhoV.

‘mÂ¶m emioVrb ‘¡{ÌUtn¡H$s ‘mÂ¶mM d¶mÀ¶m YmS>g Am{U AmË‘{dídmg Agboë¶m EH$m ‘¡{ÌUrMo

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Ambm. Vr ñdV:M 14 dfmªMr ‘wbJr AgVmZm Vr EH$m ‘wbmMr AmB© ~Zbr. ‘mÂ¶m ‘Vo Vr Iyn Mm§Jbr AmXe©

S>m°³Q>a ~Zy eH$br AgVr. na§Vw Vr S>m°³Q>a ~Zy eH$br Zmhr. H$maU Vr ‘wbJr hmoVr. {VÀ¶m ¶m ì¶WoZo ào[aV

hmoD$Z OJmVë¶m gd©Xÿa {R>H$mUÀ¶m ‘wbtZm JwUdÎmmnyU© {ejU {‘idyZ XoÊ¶mgmR>r Am{U Ë¶m§Mm AmdmO ~wb§X

H$aÊ¶mgmR>r ‘r em§VVoÀ¶m Zmo~ob nwañH$mamMr a³H$‘ "‘bmbm {ZYr' bm An©U H$arV Amho. àW‘V: ‘r OoWrb

‘yi a{hdmgr Amho Ë¶m nm{H$ñVmZmVrb ñdmV Am{U em§Jbm ¶oWrb emim§À¶m B‘maVr C^maÊ¶mgmR>r hm {ZYr

dmnabm OmB©b. ‘mÂ¶m ñdV:À¶m JmdmV ‘wbtgmR>r EH$hr ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ emim Zmhr. åhUyZ ‘mÂ¶m ‘¡{ÌUr d {JZr

emioV OmD$ eH$Vrb, JwUdÎmmnyU© {ejU KoD$ eH$Vrb Am{U Amnbo ñdßZ nyU© H$aÊ¶mMr g§Yr Ë¶m§Zm {‘iob

Aer emim C^maUo ho ‘mÂ¶mnwT>rb AmìhmZ Amho. hrM ‘mPr BÀN>m Amho d gm‘m{OH$ ~m§{YbH$s Amho. hrM

‘mÂ¶m bT>çmMr gwédmV Agob, nU ‘r {VWoM Wm§~Uma Zmhr. àË¶oH$ ~mbH$mbm embo¶ {ejU {‘ion¶ªV ‘mPm

bT>m gwê$ amhrb.

{à¶ ~§Yy Am{U ^{JZtZmo, Á¶m§Zr gm‘m{OH$ H«$m§Vr KS>dyZ AmUbr Ago ‘hm‘mZd, ‘m{Q>©Z ë¶wWa qH$J,

ZoëgZ ‘§S>obm, ‘Xa Voaogm Am{U Am§J g°Z ñ¶w H$s ¶m§Mm ¶mM n{dÌ ì¶mgnrR>mda nXñne© Pmbm hmoVm. ‘bm Amem

Amho H$s H¡$bme gË¶mWu Am{U ‘r AmVmn¶ªV Omo bT>m {Xbobm Amho Vmo nwT>ohr MmbyM amhrb. Ë¶m‘wio Z³H$sM

{MaH$mb {Q>H$Umam ~Xb KSy>Z ¶oB©b. ~Xb KS>dyZ AmUÊ¶mgmR>rMm hm A§{V‘ jU Agob Aer ‘bm XþX©å¶ Amem

Amho. {ejUmgmR>r bT>m XoÊ¶mMr hr eodQ>MrM doi Agob.

AmnU gd©OU {‘iyZ EH$Xm Am{U H$m¶‘MrM hr g‘ñ¶m gmoS>dy. AmnU AmÎmmn¶ªV àXrK© bT>m {Xbobm

Amho. AmVm ^amar KoÊ¶mMrM doi ¶oD$Z R>onbr Amho. OJmVë¶m ZoË¶m§Zm {ejUmMo ‘hÎd nQ>dyZ XoÊ¶mMr hr doi

Zmhr. Ë¶m§Zm ¶mAmYrM Ë¶mMr H$ënZm Amho. Ë¶m§Mr ñdV:Mr ‘wbo-‘wbr Mm§Jë¶m emioV {eH$V AmhoV. Am{U AmVm


OJmVë¶m Cd©[aV ‘wbm§Zm {ejU XoUmam H¥$Vr H$m¶©H«$‘ am~{dÊ¶mgmR>r Ë¶m ZoË¶m§Zm hmH$ XoÊ¶mMr doi Ambr Amho.

OJmVë¶m ZoË¶m§Zr EH$Ì ¶oD$Z {ejUmbm gdm}ÀM àmYmÝ¶ Xçmdo Ago Ë¶m§Zm gm§JÊ¶mMr hr doi Amho.

n§Yam dfmªnydu OmJ{VH$ ZoË¶m§Zr nwT>rb ghòH$mgmR>r d¡pídH$ {dH$mgmMr Ü¶o¶o {ZYm©[aV Ho$br. JVdfm©V

H$mhr àJVr Ñ{ï>nWmV Ambr. H¡$bme gË¶mWu ¶m§Zr åhQ>ë¶mà‘mUo, embm~mø ‘wbm§Mr g§»¶m {Zåå¶mZo H$‘r Pmbr.

VWm{n OJmZo ’$³V àmW{‘H$ {ejUmdaM bj H|${ÐV Ho$bo. Ë¶m‘wio gdmªJrU d gd©Xÿa àJVr hmoD$ eH$br Zmhr.

gZ 2015 ‘Ü¶o H$m¶‘ñdê$nr {Q>H$Vrb Ago {dH$gZmË‘H$ Ü¶o¶ {ZpíMV H$aÊ¶mgmR>r {d{dY Xoem§Mo à{V{ZYr

amîQ>g§KmÀ¶m n[afXog EH$Ì ¶oVrb. øm‘wio OJmVë¶m nwT>rb {nT>çm§À¶m e¡j{UH$ AmH$m§joMr {Xem {ZpíMV Ho$br

OmB©b.

Ho$di ‘yb^V {ejU nwaogo Amho ¶m JmoîQ>rMm OJmVrb H$moUrhr ñdrH$ma H$ê$ eH$V Zmhr. Ooìhm ZoË¶m§Mr

ñdV:Mr ‘wbo y{‘Vr, J{UV, {dkmZ, ^m¡{VH$emñÌ ¶m {df¶m§À¶m CÀMñVar¶ Aä¶mg H$aVmV Voìhm {dH$gZerb

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~mbH$mbm ‘mo’$V, JwUdÎmmnyU©, àmW{‘H$ d ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ {ejU XoÊ¶mMr h‘r Agboë¶m g§YrMm ZoË¶m§Zr bm^

CR>{dbm nm{hOo. H$mhr bmoH$m§Zm hr Jmoï> Aàm¶mo{JH$, Iyn ‘hmJS>r, Iyn H$R>rU qH$dm H$Xm{MV Ae³¶àm¶ dmQ>ob.

na§Vw OJmVë¶m bmoH$m§Zr A{YH$ ì¶mnH$ {dMma H$aÊ¶mMr hr doi Amho.

{à¶ ~§Yy§Zmo d ^{JZtZmo, OJmVrb VWmH${WV àm¡T> hm ZH$mamË‘H$ {dMma H$Xm{MV ñdrH$maVrb, nU AmnU

‘wb§ ‘mÌ H$Xm{n ñdrH$maUma Zmhr. AmnU Á¶m§Zm e³Vrembr Xoe åhUVmo Vo IaoM ¶wX²Y nwH$maÊ¶mBVHo$ gj‘

AgVmV. na§Vw AmnU em§VmV àñWm{nH$ H$aÊ¶mg hV~b R>aVmo. Ago H$m ìhmdo ? ‘wbm§À¶m hmVr ~§XþH$m XoÊ¶mnojm

nwñVHo$ Ë¶m§À¶m hmVr XoUo A{YH$ H$R>rU H$m dmQ>mdo ? aUJmS>o ~Z{dUo gmono dmQ>mdo, na§Vw emim C^maUo A{YH$

H$R>rU H$m Agmdo ? AmnU AmYw{ZH$ OJmV amhVmo Am{U H$moUVrhr Jmoï> Ae³¶ Zmhr ¶mda Amnbm {dídmg

Amho. 45 dfmªnydu AmnU M§Ðmda nmohmoMbmo Am{U H$Xm{MV bdH$aM AmnU ‘§Jimda nmohmoMy. AmVm ¶m 21ì¶m

eVH$mV àË¶oH$ ~mbH$mbm JwUdÎmmnyd©H$ {ejU XoÊ¶mgmR>r AmnU Z³H$sM gj‘ Pmbo nm{hOo.

{à¶ ~§Yy§Zmo, {JZtZmo Am{U {à¶ ‘wbm-‘wbtZmo, AmVm AmnU A{daV AWH$ n[al‘ H$ê$¶m. amOH$s¶ bmoH$

d OmJ{VH$ ZoVo ¶m§À¶m~amo~aM AmnUm gdmªÀ¶m ¶moJXmZmMr JaO Amho. ‘r, Vwåhr, AmnU ho Amnbo gdmªMoM

H$V©ì¶ Amho. [aH$må¶m dJ©Imoë¶m, hadbobo ~mbnU, Am{U g§Yr Z {‘imbobo CnOV JwU d AZw dUmar Amnbr

n{hbr Am{U eodQ>MrM {nT>r Agob Agm {ZYm©a H$ê$¶m. H$moUmhr ‘wbm-‘wbrZo H$maImÝ¶mV Amnbo ~mbnU dm¶m

Kmb{dÊ¶mMr hr eodQ>MrM doi R>amdr. O~aXñVrZo {ddmh H$ê$Z XoÊ¶mMr hr eodQ>MrM doi R>amdr. ¶wX²YmV

EImXçm ‘wbmZo àmU J‘m{dÊ¶mMr hr eodQ>MrM doi R>amdr. embm~mhç ~mbH$mbm nmhÊ¶mMr hr eodQ>MrM doi

Agmdr.

AmnUm gdmªg‘moaM ¶m Jmoï>tMm eodQ> ìhmdm. AmnU EH${ÌVarË¶m hçm Jmoï>r g‘yi Zï> H$aÊ¶mMr gwédmV

H$ê$¶m. AmO ¶oWoM Am{U AmÎmmM øm Jmoï>tMm eodQ> H$aÊ¶mMr gwédmV H$ê$¶m. ‘r Amnbr AË¶§V Am^mar Amho.

YÝ¶dmX !

*****


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‘§S>i, {d^mJr¶ {ejU ‘§S>i A‘amdVr

H$mhr dfmªnydu narjoV H$m°nr/J¡aàH$ma ¶m AmOmamZo B. 10dr Vo 12 n¶ªV {ejU

KoUmè¶m H$mhr {dXçmÏ¶mªZm nN>mS>bo hmoVo. J«m‘rU ^mJmV Va H$mhr {dXçmÏ¶mªZm H$m°nr ¶m

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d¥Îmr YmaU H$aVmo. ‘ohZV hr Ë¶mÀ¶m OrdZmVyZ {ZKyZ OmVo d l‘ Ë¶m§À¶m AmZ§XmÀ¶m OrdZmVyZ ~mX hmoVo. nXdr

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H$m°nr hr ’$³V 10 qH$dm 12dr À¶m narjo‘Ü¶o Ho$br OmVo Ago Zmhr Va nXdr, H¥$fr, A{^¶m§{ÌH$s narjm§‘Ü¶o

gwX²Ym H$mhr à‘mUmV J¡a‘mJm©Mm Adb§~ H$ê$Z ¶eñdr hmoVmV. nU Ë¶m J¡a‘mJm©Mo à‘mU ho B.10, 12dr À¶m

narjm§nojm Iyn H$‘r åhUOo 20 Q>³Ho$ Amho. hþema qH$dm JwUdÎmo‘Ü¶o ¶oUmao {dXçmWugwX²Ym H$mhr à‘mUmV H$m°nr H$aV

hmoVo H$maU g^modVr dmVmdaU H$m°nrMo Pmbo AgVo Ë¶m§Mohr ‘Z hobmdyZ {ZKVo. Vo V¶ma gm{hË¶mbm ñdrH$maVmV H$maU

S>mo³¶mdarb VmU H$‘r hmoVmo.

20 Vo 25 dfmªnydu {dXçmÏ¶mªZm H$m°nr/J¡a‘mJ© g‘OV ZìhVm. H$S>H$ {eñV~X²Y dmVmdaUmV Vmbw³¶mMo

AWdm R>amdrH$ 20-25 {H$.‘r. A§Vamdarb emim H|$Ðmda narjm hmoV hmoË¶m. A{Ve¶ àm‘m{UH$ dmVmdaUmV

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H$aUo JaOoMo Amho.

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g§ñWmMmbH$ d ‘w»¶mÜ¶mnH$m§Zm JaO Amdí¶H$Vm dmQy> bmJbr. {dXçmÏ¶mªZm ~mhoa Xÿa Vmbw³¶mMo {R>H$mUr AWdm

20/25 {H$.‘r. A§Vamda 10/12 dr Mr narjm XoUo J«m‘rU XþJ©‘ ^mJmVrb nmbH$m§Zm H$R>rU ÌmgmMo dmQy> bmJbo

Am{U ¶m {dMmamVyZ emim§Mr d J«m‘rU mJmVrb {dXçmÏ¶mªMr gmo¶ ìhmdr åhUyZ emgZmbm dmQy> bmJbo Am{U narjm

H$m°nr hrg‘mOmbm d{dXçmÏ¶m©bm

bmJbobr H$sS>/AmOma Amho.


Ho$Ðm§Mm gwX²Ym {dñVma Pmbm. Odinmg 2/3 emim {‘iyZ 8/10 {H$.‘r. A§Vamda {deofV: 10dr Mo narjm H|$Ð

{‘imbo. J«m‘rU Am{Xdmgr ^mJmVrb Jar~ {dXçmÏ¶mªMr gmo¶ Pmbr. ¶m‘YyZM emim/CÀM ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ emim§Zm

{ZH$mbmMr Q>³Ho$dmar hr ‘hÎdmMr AQ> Q>mHy$Z {ZH$mbmMo ‘hÎd dmT>bo d nwT>rb H$m¶© gwê$ Pmbo.

narjm H|$Ð emioV/Odinmg n[agamV/OdiÀ¶m n[a{MV emioV Agë¶m‘wio {dXçmÏ¶m©‘Yrb narjm H|$Ð d

narjm ¶m{df¶rMr ^rVr hiyhiy H$‘r hmoV Jobr. nU AmVm ho Hw$R>oVar Wm§~bo nm{hOo, Vr doi AmVm Ambr Amho.

H$maU J¡a‘mJm©‘wio AZoH$ dmB©Q> àH$ma {dXçmÏ¶m©Mo ‘Zmda q~~dUmao AmhoV. ¶m‘YyZM Ë¶m§Mo‘Ü¶o Jw§S>àd¥Îmr ~imdbr

Amho. H|$Ðmda narjobm AZoH$ dmB©Q> àH$ma {dXçmWu Amnë¶m ñdV:Mo {ejH$m§er H$aVmV. ¶m{df¶r AZoH$ àg§J

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{ejU ‘§S>imZo am~{dbm Amho. àW‘V: {ejU ‘§S>imMo ‘Z:nyd©H$ Am^ma ‘mZVmo. H$maU hr H$mimMr JaO Amho.

‘mÂ¶m ‘Vmà‘mUo hm à¶moJ ’$³V 10dr, 12dr Vo nXdrn¶ªV A§‘bmV AmUyZ H$m¶‘ñdê$nr gd©M gdm©À¶m narjm‘Ü¶o

H$m°nr {dXçmWu H$aUma ZmhrV Agm {ZU©¶ ¿¶mdm. H$maU 9dr Vo 11dr À¶m narjm AË¶§V H$S>H$ dmVmdaUmV

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***


‘mÂ¶m H$ënZoVrbA{^Zd {ejU nX²YVr

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3. gXçn[apñWVrVrb XmIbog‘mOmMo à{Vq~~M Agboë¶m dV©‘mZnÌmVrb, gmßVm{hH$mVrb ho XmIbo -

1. bmoH$gÎmm {X. 10.6.2013

A‘o[aHo$Vrb OrdZH|$Ðr {ejU

‘wbm§À¶m Z¥Ë¶mÀ¶m Vmgmbm ‘wbm§~amo~a ‘w»¶mÜ¶mnH$gwX²Ym Z¥Ë¶ H$aV hmoVo.

emioÀ¶m N>moQ>çmem eoVmda ‘wbm§Zr ’w$bPmS>m§Mr, ^mÁ¶m§Mr bmJdS> Ho$br hmoVr.

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2. bmoH$à^m {X. 16.8.2013

~XbË¶m ‘hmamîQ´>mMr ~XbVr ~mamIS>r

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Amnë¶mH$S>Mr nma§n[aH$ dJ©, ~|M, ’$im hr aMZm ~XbÊ¶mMr JaO Amho.

3. bmoH$à^m {X. 27.09.2013

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B-nwñVH$m§Mm {ejUjoÌmV M§Mwàdoe hmoV Amho. Am°ZbmBZ {ejUmMo EH$ ‘moR>o XmbZ OJ^amV Iwbo hmoV Amho.

"H$mog}am' ¶m AmonZ Am°ZbmBZMm ’$m¶Xm {dXçmWu H$ê$Z KoV AmhoV.

4. AmOn¶ªVMr {ejUnX²YVrAmOn¶ªV JwéOtZmM gd© kmZ Am{U g‘moaÀ¶m ‘mVrÀ¶m Jmoù¶mbm AmH$ma XoÊ¶mMo H$m‘hr JwéOtMo Aer y{‘H$m

hmoVr, JwéOr gm§JUma, JwéOr ~mobUma, JwéOr {ZU©¶ KoUma. g‘moaÀ¶m {dXçmÏ¶m©Zo ’$³V EoH$m¶Mo, JwéOtÀ¶m AmkoMo nmbZ

H$am¶Mo. Ë¶mbm ñdV:Mo ‘V ‘m§S>Ê¶mMr ‘w m ZìhVr. {ZU©¶ KoÊ¶mMo ñdmV§Í¶ ZìhVo. {ejH$ gm§Job Vr nyd© {Xem! OUy

{ejH$mMm Jwbm‘M Vmo !

"KmoH$m Am{U AmoH$m' hr narjm, ‘yë¶‘mnZ nX²YVr. Á¶mMo nmR>m§Va OmñV Ë¶mbm JwU A{YH$. {dXçmÏ¶mªMr hþema,

T> Aer dJ©dmar. "e¡j{UH$ JwUdÎmm' EdT>m EH$M {ZH$f. Ë¶mÀ¶mVrb BVa ~wX²>{Y‘ËVm ZmH$maë¶m Om¶À¶m. n[aUm‘ Agm

Pmbm H$s Zmnmgm§Mr g§»¶m dmT>br, {dXçmWu {ejUmnmgyZ bm§~ Jobm. {ejU nyU© Pmbobm {dXçmWu ì¶mdhm[aH$

kmZmÀ¶m A^mdm‘wio ñdV:À¶m nm¶mda C^m amhÊ¶mg A¶eñdr R>abm. Ë¶mMr emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, ~m¡X²>{YH$, md{ZH$

dmT> Iw§Q>br. Vmo EH$bH$m|S>m Pmbm.

nmbH$ ZmoH$arÀ¶m doimV ~m§Ybobo, emioV {ejH$ Amnë¶m H$m‘m§À¶m nyV©VoV ì¶J«. {dXçmÏ¶mªÀ¶m ‘ZmV H$m|S>‘mam.

Ë¶mbm XoÊ¶mgmR>r Zm nmbH$m§H$S>o doi Zm {ejH$m§H$S>o. Ago AgyZhr Amnë¶m EHw$bË¶m EH$ nmë¶mH$Sy>Z nmbH$m§À¶m

AdmñVd Anojm Am{U Ë¶m AmoÂ¶mImbr XS>nyZ Jobob§ {dXçmÏ¶mMo ì¶p³V‘ËËd.

Am{U ‘J hmM {dXçmWu ‘mZ{gH$ H$m|S>rVyZ XÿaXe©Z, g§JUH$, ‘mo~mBb B. À¶m ào‘mV Z nS>ob VaM Zdb.

Ë¶mÀ¶mVrb ghOgwb^ CËgwH$Vobm g§JUH$, B§Q>aZoQ>‘m’©$V n¶m©¶ {‘iV Jobm Am{U Ë¶mÀ¶mhr ZH$iV ¶m ‘mÜ¶‘m§Mm ’$mg

Ë¶mÀ¶m Jù¶m^modVr KQ²>Q> AmdiV Jobm. EH$Q>onUm‘wio ì¶gZm§À¶m Amhmar Jobm. nmbH$, {ejH$, {ejUnX²YVr Ë¶mbm

g‘OmdyZ ¿¶m¶bm H$‘r nS>br. àM§S> ñnY}bm gm‘moao OmVmZm, nmbH$m§À¶m Anojm§Imbr X~boë¶m, Aä¶mgmMm VmU

Agø Pmboë¶m AdñWoVrb {dXçmWu åhUy bmJbm.

AmXaUr¶ {ejH$ ‘§S>itZmo,

Am‘M§ ~moQ> Yê$Z

Vw‘À¶m dmQ>odê$Z ZoÊ¶mMm AmJ«h Yê$ ZH$m.

Ia§ åhUOo àË¶oH$mMr dmQ>

hr ñdV§Ì, doJdoJir AgVo.

åhUyZ Vw‘Mr dmQ> Vw‘MrM AgVo

Am‘Mr ZgVo.

Am‘À¶m dmQ>m AmåhmbmM emoYy Xçm.


Am‘À¶m dmQ>m AmåhmbmM VwS>dy Xçm.

MmbUmè¶mZoM Mmbm¶Mo AgVo

MmbUmè¶mZoM MmbdmMo ZgVo.

Á¶mMr Ë¶mMr dmQ> doJdoJir AgVo.

5. A{^Zd {ejUnX²YVrMr Amdí¶H$Vm"{ejU ho Amnb§ gm‘m{OH$, gm§ñH¥${VH$, Am¡Xçmo{JH$ gm¡hmÐ© amIob Am{U dmT>dob Aer {nT>r {Z‘m©U H$aUma§

Agmd§' Ago bmoH$‘mÝ¶ {Q>iH$ åhUmbo hmoVo. Am‘À¶m {ejUmVyZ {dXçmÏ¶m©V H¥${VerbVm {Z‘m©U ìhm¶Mr JaO Amho.

{ejUmVyZ {dXçmÏ¶m©V CXç‘erbVm dmT>m¶bm hdr. Ë¶mMr OrdZ{Zð>m dmT>br nm{hOo. EdT>oM Zmhr Va ¶m gJù¶m~amo~aM

{dXçmWu amîQ´>^³V ~ZÊ¶mMr JaO Amho. {JOw mB© åhUVmV Ë¶mà‘mUo gdm©V ‘hÎdmM§ {ejU ho öX¶mM§ {ejU.

ew ^mdZm§M§ {ejU. AZwH§$nm, ghmZw yVr, ào‘ ¶m Mm§Jë¶m ^mdZm Ë¶m§Zm {eH$dm¶bmM nm{hOoV. H$maU AmOMm

{dXçmWu ¶m ^mdZm§nmgyZ Iyn bm§~ Jobm¶. H«$moY, X²>dof, B©©fm©, ^¶ ¶m Aew ^mdZm§nmgyZ Ë¶mbm bm§~ R>odbm nm{hOo.

AmOy~mOyÀ¶m AdH$memM§ kmZ, à{VH$mË‘H$ {dMma, Jw§VmJw§VrMo {dMma, A§V:àkoMm {dH$mg, AÜ¶mpË‘H$ {dMma,

p³bï> AmH¥$VrM§ AmH$bZ, g§íbofU, A~moY ‘ZmMm ì¶mnma, g§emoYZ H$aU§, Hy$Q> àíZ gmoS>dU§, {MÌH$bm, g§JrV

¶m§gma»¶m H$bm§M§ kmZ Am{U Ë¶mÀ¶m gO©Ze³VrMm {dH$mg hmoB©b Aem A{^Zd {ejU nX²YVrMr AmOÀ¶m ‘wbm§Zm

JaO Amho.

{dZmo~mOr ^mdo ¶m§Zr "JrVmB©V' åhUboM Amho.

Jwê$ Xodm{XH$s nyOm ñdÀN>Vm dr¶©g§J«h

Aqhgm F$OwVm A§Jr XohmMo Vn ~mo{bbo &

{hVmW© ~mobUo gË¶ ào‘mZo Z Iwnobgo &

ñdmÜ¶m¶ H$aUo {ZË¶ dmUrMo Vn ~mo{bbo &

àgÞ d¥Îmr gm¡å¶Ëd AmË‘qMVZ g§¶‘

^mdZm amIUo ewX²Y ‘ZmMo Vn ~mo{bbo &

{hVmW© ~mobm¶M§ nU Vo Z Iwnob Ag§. ^mdZm ewX²Y amIm¶Mr, Aqhgm Am{U F$OwVm A§Jr ~mUdm¶Mr, d¥ËVr

gm¡å¶ VerM àgÞ amIm¶Mr, AmË‘qMVZ H$am¶M§ Am{U g§¶‘ amIm¶Mm.

AmOy~mOybm {ejUmMr ^nHo$Xma "XþH$mZ§' {Xgbr Var ZmZm àH$maMo {ddoH$ ~miJyZ {ejUmMr VníM¶m© {OWo

MmbVo Aer H|$Ðo {XgV ZmhrV. åhUyZ Aem {ejUnX²YVrMm Adb§~ H$ê$Z Vr H|$Ðo AZw dm¶bm {‘imbr nm{hOoV.

¶m d¶mV ‘wbm§Zm {ZamoJr eara, {Z‘©i ‘Z, ñdÀN> ~wX²Yr Am{U H$Yr H$‘r Z hmoUmar H$m¶©e³Vr ¶m§Mr JaO Amho.

Ë¶m§Zm gJirH$Sy>Z ~iH$Q> ~ZdU§ hr Iar JaO Amho. ‘wbm§Mr {Okmgm dmT>mdr, kmZ dmT>md§, Ë¶m§Mm Mm¡’o$a {dH$mg ìhmdm

hm Va gJù¶m Aä¶mgH«$‘mMm nm¶m Amho.

narjm hþema {dXçmÏ¶mªMr àJVr ‘moOÊ¶mgmR>r Zgmdr, Va H$ÀÀ¶m Am{U ‘mJo nS>boë¶m ‘wbm§Zm OmJ§ H$am¶bm,

Vr Hw$R>o H$‘r nS>VmV Vo emoYm¶bm Agmdr. ‘wbm§H$Sy>Z g§dmX nmR> H$ê$Z KoÊ¶mMm H$mi AmVm ‘mJo nS>bm. Ag§ H¥${Ì‘


nmR>m§Va H$ê$Z KoU§ H«y$anUmM§ Amho. Vmo Agä¶nUm Amho. Ë¶mZ§ ‘wbm§Mm AmË‘m ‘mabm OmVmo.

‘wbm§À¶m ~hþAm¶m‘r {dH$mgmMr Zm|X H$aÊ¶mgmR>r ‘yë¶‘mnZmMr {d{dY gmYZo Amdí¶H$ AmhoV. narjoVrb

¶emn¶em~amo~a {dXçmÏ¶mªÀ¶m md{ZH$ ~wX²Ü¶m§H$mÀ¶m {dH$mgmMm ‘mJmodm KoVm Ambm nm{hOo. ‘yë¶‘mnZmMm g§~§Y ’$³V

MmMÊ¶m d narjm ¶m§À¶m àíZn{ÌH$m§er ZgyZ emioV KS>Umè¶m AWdm KS>{dë¶m OmUmè¶m àË¶oH$ KQ>Zoer Vmo g§~§Y Amho.

Vm|S>r narjoV nmR>m§VamMr MmMnUr Z hmoVm EImXr JmoîQ> ì¶³V H$aÊ¶mMr j‘Vm AO‘mdbr Jobr nm{hOo.

"Deeper successes are not made of gold and silver but of better hearts and finer souls.'

6. A{^Zd {ejU nX²YVrV {ejH$mMr y{‘H$mAÜ¶mnZ hm ì¶dgm¶ ZgyZ Vo EH$ d«V Amho. amîQ´>mMo ZmJ[aH$ {Z‘m©U H$aUo, Ë¶m§Mr OS>UKS>U H$aUo hr àË¶oH$

{ejH$mMr O~m~Xmar Amho. {ejH$mnmer OJmbm XoÊ¶mOmoJr gdm©V ‘moR>r d EH$‘od n[anyU© Aer XoUJr EH$M Amho.

Amnë¶mVrb gdm}ËH¥$ï> Ago Oo H$mhr Amho Vo XoUo ! Ho$di Amnbo hñVH$m¡eë¶ d ~wX²{YMmnë¶ ¶m§À¶mda Vo Adb§~yZ

Zmhr Va Ë¶mgmR>r Amnë¶mbm ñdV:Mr åhUyZ H$mhr ñdßZo a§Jdmdr bmJVrb. Am{U ‘w»¶ åhUOo ñdV:erM EH$m J§ ra

dMZnyVuZo ~m§YyZ ¿¶mdo bmJob.

AÜ¶mnZ åhUOo {dXçmÏ¶m©Mo ì¶p³VËËd g§nÞ H$aÊ¶mgmR>r Ë¶mÀ¶mer Ho$bobr OdirH$ ! Á¶m {dî¶mVrb OJmV

AmnU OJm¶Mr BÀN>m ~miJVmo Ë¶m OJmMr {Z{‘©Vr AmO AmnU Amnë¶m ‘wbm§Zm XoV Agboë¶m {ejUmÀ¶m àH$mamda

d JwUdÎmoda A§eV: Zìho Va nyU©V: Adb§~yZ Amho.

"{ZË¶ OmJ¥V ‘mZd {MËVm~amo~a g§J' hm Aml‘r¶ {ejUmMm ‘yi Jm^m. {eî¶mbm XoÊ¶mgmR>r gVV AmnU ZdrZ

ZdrZ H$mhrVar {‘idrV amhU§ hoM AÜ¶mnH$mÀ¶m OrdZmM§ ‘yi CX²{XîQ>. "nÊ¶ dñVy àmUmdmZ Zmo¶' ¶§ÌmVyZ ~Z{dboë¶m

{H$ëbrÀ¶m dñVy {Od§V ZgVmV. XþH$mZmgma»¶m emim åhUyZM {Od§V ZgVmV.

A{^Zd {ejU nX²>YVr‘Yrb {ejH$ àM§S> CËgmhr, ZdZì¶m ¶moOZm am~dUmam, {dXçmÏ¶mªda ñdV:À¶m

‘wbmà‘mUo ào‘ H$aUmam, Ë¶m§Zm g‘OyZ KoUmam, Ë¶m§Zm doJdoJio AZw d XoUmam, YmS>gr à¶moJ H$aUmam, ì¶dñWobm Xmof

Z XoVm ñdV:nmgyZ, ñdV:À¶m dJm©nmgyZ {ejUm§À¶m ~Xbm§Mr gwédmV H$aUmam, {dXçmÏ¶mªÀ¶m ‘w³V A{^ì¶³VrMm AmXa

d ñdrH$ma H$aUmam, {dXçmÏ¶mªgmR>r gVV CnbãY AgUmam, gO©ZerbVobm dmd XoUmam, Ë¶m§À¶mH$Sy>Zhr {eH$Ê¶mMr

‘mZ{gH$Vm ~miJUmam, OrdZ nwñVH$mMo AmdaU ào‘àYmZ AgUmam, AÜ¶mnZmbm ì¶dgm¶ Z ‘mZVm d«V ‘mZUmam, ‘w³V

{ejUnX²>YVrMm nwañH$Vm© AgUmam Agob.

‘wbm§À¶m MmbrZo Mmbmdo

‘wbm§À¶m ‘ZmoJVo ~mobmdo

V¡go OZmg {eH$dmdo

hiyhiy &

{ejH$ am‘Xmg ñdm‘tMm hm CnXoe AmMaUmg AmUUmam Agmdm.

AÜ¶mnZmVrb {d{dY V§Ìm§Mm, H$m¡eë¶m§Mm, à¶moJm§Mm dmna {ejH$mZo Ho$bm nm{hOo. ñdmÜ¶m¶ nX²YV, go{‘Zma

nX²>YV, qWH$ Q>°ÝH$ (EH${ÌV {dMma H$aUo), [aâbo³eZ goeZ (à{V{H«$¶m ì¶³V H$aUo), dH©$em°n do, g§JUH$mMm dmna,


Eb.gr.S>r. àmoOo³Q>aMm dmna ‘w³V ‘ZmZo Ho$bm nm{hOo. ^anya àíZ {dMmê$Z {dXçmÏ¶m©er ‘Z‘moH$ir MMm© H$ê$Z,

{dXçmÏ¶m©bm ~mobÊ¶mMr Ë¶mMm {dMma ‘m§S>Ê¶mMr, {ZU©¶ KoÊ¶mMr g§Yr CnbãY H$ê$Z {Xbr nm{hOo.

{dXçmÏ¶m©‘Ü¶o g‘agVoMr, gh^mJmMr, A{YH$ nwT>mH$ma KoÊ¶mÀ¶m Ñï>rZo ñdV§Ì {dMma H$aÊ¶mMr d eodQ>r

{ejUmVrb AX² wVVm, ghmZw dmVrb AmZ§X Am{U AÝ¶moÝ¶ {H«$¶oVrb AË¶mZ§X ¶m ^mdZm CX²{X{nV hmoD$Z Amnbo

AÜ¶mnZ H$m¶© gmW©H$s bmdbo nm{hOo. {ejH$mMo ào‘ Am{U ñdrH¥$Vr ‘wbm§n¶ªV {H$Vr à‘mUmV nmohmoMVo ¶mda ‘wbm§Mm

AmZ§X d ñdmñÏ¶ Adb§~yZ AgV§.

1. A{YH$mar d¥ÎmrMm Ë¶mJ H$amdm.

2. ‘wbmbm Ë¶mÀ¶m àH¥${VY‘m©Zwgma dmJy Xçmdo

3. Ë¶mbm Ymaoda Yê$ Z¶o.

4. Ë¶mbm ^mfU XoD$ Z¶o.

5. qH$dm S>mo³¶mdahr ~gdy Z¶o.

6. H$moUË¶mhr JmoîQ>rMr O~aXñVr H$ê$ Z¶o.

7. Ë¶mbm Ë¶mMo ‘V ‘m§S>Ê¶mMo ñdmV§Í¶ Xçmdo.

8. AÜ¶¶ZmVrb {d{dY AZw d XçmdoV.

{ejH$ XmoZ àH$maMo AgVmV. EH$ OU {dXçmÏ¶mªZm kmZmMo Ago ^aJÀM S>mog nmOob H$s {dXçmWu OmJodê$Z

hbyhr eH$Uma Zmhr. Xþgam {dXçmÏ¶m©bm Agm N>moQ>m {M‘Q>m H$mT>ob H$s Vmo WoQ> AmH$memV CS²>S>mU H$aob. A{^Zd {ejU

nX²YVr‘Yrb {ejH$ Z³H$sM Xþgè¶m àH$mamV ‘moS>Umam Agob.

{ejH$ hm H$V©ì¶{Zð>

AMyH$ {Z¶moOZ H$aUmam CnH«$‘erb {ZpíMV {Xem AgUmam

H$ënH$Vm AgUmam àmoËgmhZ XoUmam àoaUm XoUmam

AMyH$ {Z¶moOZ H$aUmam ñdV:Mo kmZ AXç¶mdV R>odUmam ZmdrÝ¶mMr Amg AgUmam

O~m~XmarMr OmU AgUmam {dkmZ V§ÌkmZmer ‘¡Ìr H$aUmam YmS>gr {ZU©¶ KoUmam

Agbm nm{hOo.

› ghZmddVw & gh Zm¡ wZ³Vw &

ghdr¶ª H$admdh¡ & VoOpñd ZmdYrV‘ñVw &

‘m {dX²{dfmdh¡ &

Jwê$ Am{U {eî¶ ¶m§Zr EH$Ì AÜ¶¶Z H$amdo d EH$mZo Xþgè¶mMm ‘Ëga H$ê$ Z¶o ¶mgmR>r XodmZo Amerdm©X Xçmdm.

åhUOoM ¶m íbmoH$mV AÜ¶¶ZmV XmoKm§Zr gh^mJr AgUo ñnï> Ho$bo AgyZ Jwê$bm kmZmMo ^m§S>ma ‘mZbobo Zmhr Va ’$³V

AJ«ñWmZr Agbobm {dXçmWu ‘mZbobo Amho.

{ejH$mZo


‘mÂ¶m H$ënZoVrb A{^Zd {ejU nX²YVrMr H$mhr gyÌo AgVrb.

1. {dXçmÏ¶m©bm dV©ZmH$Sy>Z aMZmdmXmH$S>o ZoUo.

2. ‘wbm§Zm ’$³V ‘m{hVrMm gmR>m Z H$aÊ¶mg gm§JyZ Ë¶m§Zm kmZ{Z{‘©VrH$S>o di{dÊ¶mMo H$m¡eë¶ nma nmS>Uo.

3. EoHy$Z {eH$Uo ¶mH$Sy>Z H$ê$Z {eH$Uo ¶mH$S>o {dXçmÏ¶m©bm didUo.

4. {ejH$mÀ¶m ‘yi Ñ{ï>H$moZmV ~Xb gwMdyZ {ejH$mMr {ejU ì¶dhmamVrb y{‘H$m ~XbUo.

5. {dXçmÏ¶m©Mm nwT>rb nm¶è¶mVyZ {dH$mg hmoÊ¶mg Ë¶mbm ‘XV H$aUo.

AmË‘{dX²

gwg§ñH¥$V

gw{e{jV

{e{jV

Ë¶mbm {b{hVm dmMÊ¶mBVHo$ {e{jV H$aUo. Ë¶mbm Mm§Jë¶m-dmB©Q>‘Yrb ’$aH$ H$iÊ¶mBVHo$ gw{e{jV H$aUo,

Ë¶mbm ñdV:er, BVam§er dmJÊ¶mgmR>r d dmJdÊ¶mgmR>r gwg§ñH¥$V H$aUo Am{U Ë¶mÀ¶m‘Yrb gwßV JwUm§Mm

CÎm‘moËV‘ {dH$mg H$aUo.

6. AÜ¶mnZ nX²YVr {ejH$H|$Ðr ì¶dñWoH$Sy>Z {dXçmWuH|$Ðr ì¶dñWoH$S>o ZoUo.

7. AÜ¶mnZ åhUOo {dXçmÏ¶mªMo ì¶p³VËd g§nÞ H$aÊ¶mgmR>r Ë¶mÀ¶mer Ho$bobr OdirH$ Agob.

8. H$drd¶© ‘§Joe nmS>JmdH$a åhUVmV Ë¶mà‘mUo àË¶oH$ ‘wbmÀ¶m ‘ZmV EH$ {Oßgr (^Q>³¶m) XS>bobm AgVmo.

XS>nbobm {Oßgr H$gm ~mhoa ¶oB©b Am{U Ë¶m ‘wbmbm H$gm gJirH$S>o ^Q>H$dm¶bm bmdob Aer ì¶dñWm ¶m

{ejUnX²YVrV Agob.

9. "ñdmV§Í¶ åhUOo ñd¡amMma Zìho Va ñdmV§Í¶ åhUOo O~m~Xmar' ho gm§JUmar, ‘wbm§Zm ‘wbmgmaI§ dmJÊ¶mMr ‘w m

XoUmar, Ë¶mÀ¶m gwßV gO©ZerbVobm Am{U à{V obm IVnmUr XoÊ¶mgmR>r Amdí¶H$ Vr gmYZ§ V¶ma H$aUmar

g¥OZmË‘H$ {ejUnX²YVr Agob.

10. ‘wbm§Mr {Okmgm dmT>mdr, kmZ dmT>md§, Ë¶mMm {dH$mg ìhmdm hm {ejUnX²YVrMm ‘yi CX²Xoe Agob.

11. "{dMma H$am¶bm {eHy$¶m, OJU§ Amnb§ emoYy¶m' Ag§ ‘mZUmar {ejU nX²YVr Agob.

12. ì¶mnH$ Ñï>r, gd©g‘mdoeH$ ~wX²Yr, gyú‘ AdbmoH$Z, gyú‘ {ZarjU g‘ñ¶m {X½Xe©ZmMr VmH$X Am{U Mm§Jbm

ZmJ[aH$ ~ZÊ¶mMr j‘Vm Agbobm Mm§Jbm {dXçmWu ¶mVyZ KS>ob Aer nX²YVr Agob.

13. emio‘Ü¶o {nZS´>m°n gm¶boÝg hdm hr Anojm ~mOybm R>odyZ AmVm {VWo MMm©, dmX{ddmX ¶m§Mm AmdmO Agob.

14. g§JUH$mMm, B§Q>aZoQ>Mm dmna H$ê$Z {dXçmÏ¶m©Mo kmZ AXç¶mdV R>odUo.

1. Problem solving

2. Connecting 3. Communication

4. Team work 5. Life value

Aims of innovative

education system


1. Problem solving - g‘ñ¶m {ZamH$aU åhUOo AmnU {eH$Vmo Ë¶mMm AW© bmdU§, AS>MUrda Cnm¶ emoYU§.

2. Connecting - {d{dY {df¶m§Mm EH$‘oH$m§er g§~§Y OmoS>m¶bm {eH$U§. {ejUmMm OrdZmer g§~§Y OmoS>m¶bm

{eH$U§.

3. Communication - ‘yb Oo {eH$V§ Ë¶mM§ g§dmXZ H$am¶bm {eH$U§.

4. Team-work - g‘yhmZo H¥$Vr H$am¶bm {eH$U§.

5. Life value - OrdZ {ejU.

¶m gJù¶m‘YyZ nwT>Mr {nT>r A{YH$ gj‘, A{YH$ gOJ hmoUo Ano{jV Amho.

15. {ejH$mZo {dXçmÏ¶m©Mm Mm§Jbm {‘Ì, ‘mJ©Xe©H$, g‘wnXoeH$ ~ZyZ Ë¶mbm gwg§ñH$mar ~Zdbo, Va XoemMm CÁÁdb

^{dî¶H$mi R>abobmM Agob.

16. AmMm¶© aOZre àË¶oH$ {dXçmÏ¶m©bm g§Xoe XoVmV.

"AmH$me H$mo {IS>{H$¶m| go ‘V XoImo &

³¶m|H$s {IS>{H$¶m± Agr‘ AmH$me H$mo ^r

gr‘mE| Xo XoVr h¡ &

AmH$me H$mo OmZZm hmo,

Vmo Iwbo AmH$me Ho$

ZrMo Am OmAmo &

AnZr AnZr {IS>{H$¶m| H$mo

N>bm§JH$a &'

hm g§Xoe XoUmar {ejUnX²YVr Agob.

A

{^ 1. kmZ

Z Z 2. à{ejUd dr 3. H$m¡eë¶{e Z 4. ì¶mdgm{¶H$Vmj ~m 5. ‘Zgmo³V {ZHo$VZU am 6. ZmdrÝ¶n I 7. gO©ZX²Y S>r 8. BZmoìhoeZVr 9. E³gbÝgMr 10. Zm°boO BH$m°Zm°‘r

kmZH«$m§Vr


7. AÜ¶mnH$mMo àË¶j AZw d, à¶moJ d CnH«$‘ :{df¶ {eH$dVmZm ì¶m»¶mZ nX²²>YVrMm dmna Ho$bm Va {dXçmWu bJoM H§$Q>miVmV. Ë¶m§Zm gVV ’$³V EoH$V amhUo

AmdS>V Zmhr. Ë¶m§Zm dJm©V ‘moR>çmZo dmMm¶bm AmdS>Vo, ~mobm¶bm AmdS>Vo, ‘V§ ‘m§S>m¶bm AmdS>Vo, MMm© H$am¶bm

AmdS>Vo. {dXçmÏ¶mªMm OmñVrV OmñV gh^mJ KoD$Z Ho$bobo AÜ¶mnZ Ë¶m§Zm AmdS>Vo. Ë¶m§À¶mH$Sy>Z nmR> dmMyZ KoUo,

àË¶oH$ n[aÀN>oXmda N>moQ>o N>moQ>o àíZ V¶ma H$am¶bm gm§JUo, AdKS> eãXm§Mo {S>³eZar‘YyZ AW© emoYm¶bm bmdUo, B§J«Or

eãXm§À¶m |S>çm IoiUo ho gd© Vo ‘ZmnmgyZ H$aVmV. EImXçm {df¶mMr ‘m{hVr B§Q>aZoQ>dê$Z {‘i{dUo ho Ë¶m§Mo AJXr

AmdS>rMo H$m‘. H$mT>bobr ‘m{hVr Vo dmMVmVM Ago Zmhr. nU {MÌo AmdS>rZo ~KVmV, Ë¶m§Mo {ZarjU H$aVmV.

Eb.gr.S>r. da grS>r ~Km¶bm, N>moQ>çm {’$ë‘ ~Km¶bm àmUr, njr, gmn, ’w$bo B. ~Km¶bm, Ë¶m§Mr ‘m{hVr OmUyZ

¿¶m¶bm Ë¶m§Zm ’$ma AmdS>Vo.

{dXçmÏ¶m©bm gVV H$m¶©aV R>odUo ¶mgmR>r {ejH$mMo {Z¶moOZ AgUo ‘hÎdmMo R>aVo. àË¶oH$ nmR>mMo {Z¶moOZ H$aVmZm

doJdoJù¶m nX²YVtMr MMm© Amåhr dJm©V H$aVmo. gdm©Zw‘Vo EH$ nX²YV Ë¶m nmR>mgmR>r ZpíMV H$aVmo. go‘r B§J«OrÀ¶m

AmR>drÀ¶m VwH$S>rV Amåhr AZoH$ CnH«$‘ am~dVmo.

1. Aä¶mgH«$‘mVrb "Agriculture' hm YS>m ‘r H$YrM Ë¶m§Zm dJm©V ~gyZ {eH$dbm Zmhr. dJm©‘YrbM EH$m

‘wbmÀ¶m eoVmda Amåhr EH$ {XdgmMr Aä¶mg ghb Am¶mo{OV H$aVmo. ¶m ghbrV emioVrb gd© nXm{YH$mar,

nmbH$ ¶m§Mo ghH$m¶© {‘iVo. ‘wbo {VWo àË¶j YS>çmVrb ~m~tMm AZw^d KoVmV. eoVrMr AdOmao ~KVmV,

Ë¶m§Mo Cn¶moJ OmUyZ KoVmV. Jwao, åher, Ë¶m§À¶m OmVr, Ë¶m§Mo XÿY H$mT>Ê¶mgmR>r dmnaV Agbobr AmYw{ZH$

CnH$aUo OmUyZ KoVmV. Jm§Sy>i IV àH$ën ~KVmV. Mmam H$mnUrMo ¶§Ìmda H$m‘ H$ê$Z ~KVmV. J«rZ hmD$g

~KVmV. Ë¶mV ¶oUmè¶m ’w$bm§Mo àH$ma Aä¶mgVmV. eoVmbm nmUr KmbÊ¶mÀ¶m nX²YVr - {R>~H$ qgMZ, ’$dmam

nX²YV ~KVmV. Jmo~a J°g, Ë¶m§Mo ‘hÎd OmUyZ KoVmV. eoVVio ~KVmV. Ë¶mV nmië¶m OmUmè¶m ‘mem§À¶m

OmVtÀ¶m Aä¶mg H$aVmV. eoVr nyaH$ ì¶dgm¶m§Mr Zm|X KoVmV. eoVmV hmoUmar {nHo$, Ë¶m§Zm bmJUmar ‘mVr,

nmÊ¶mMo à‘mU, IVm§Mr ‘mÌm B. ‘mJ©Xe©Z àË¶j eoVH$è¶mH$Sy>Z {‘iVo. ¶mdfu Va Am‘Mm gJim dJ© Am‘Mo

‘m. ‘w»¶mÜ¶mnH$ ¶m§À¶m àoaUoZo ^mV bmJdS>rgmR>r eoVmÀ¶m {MIbmV CVabm. EH$m eoVmV ^mVmMr bmJdS>

H$aÊ¶mMm AZmoIm AZw^d Am‘À¶m {dXçmÏ¶mªZm {‘imbm. dê$Z nmD$g, eoVmV KmoQ>m^a {MIb, dJm©Vrb

~mdÞ ‘wbo, ‘r, ~amo~a Agbobo {ejH$, {e{jH$m Am{U embmà‘wI ¶m§Zr ^mV bmJdS> Ho$br. ‘wbm§gmR>r

A{dñ‘aUr¶ Agm Vmo AZw^d hmoVm.

2. {dXçmÏ¶mªZm eãXm§nojm {MÌm§Mo dmMZ AmdS>Vo. nmR>mÀ¶m KQ>H$mZwgma Amåhr {d{dY {MÌm§Mm g§J«h H$aVmo.

"Biodiversity', YS>çmgmR>r Amåhr AZoH$ PmS>o, ’w$bo, ’$io, Am¡fYr dZñnVr, àmUr, njr, {H$S>o, H$sQ>H$,

gmn, ‘mgo B. Mr eoH$S>mo {MÌo Jmoim Ho$br. Á¶m§Mr Zmdo ‘m{hVr ZìhVr Vr emoYÊ¶mMm à¶ËZ Ho$bm. {df¶mZwgma

Ë¶m§Mr dJ©dmar Ho$br. Amnë¶m XoemVrb, naXoemVrb nú¶m§À¶m, àmÊ¶m§À¶m {’$ë‘ b°nQ>m°nda dJm©V ~{KVë¶m.

B§Q>aZoQ>dê$Z AZoH$ àmUr, ’w$bo, njr S>mD$ZbmoS> Ho$bo. n¶m©daU, àXÿfU ¶m‘Yrb g§~§Y, AmOÀ¶m H$mimV

d¥j bmJdS>rMr Agbobr JaO, àXÿfU Q>miÊ¶mMo Cnm¶ B. gd© {df¶m§da dJm©V MMm© KS>dyZ AmUbr.


3. "Diseases' YS>m dJm©V ‘wbm§Zr ZmQ>çê$nmV gmXa Ho$bm. S>m°³Q>a, é½U, KamVrb ì¶³Vr B. y{‘H$m gmH$mê$Z

amoJmMr bjUo, Ë¶mdarb Cnm¶, amoJ hmoD$M Z¶o åhUyZ ¿¶md¶mMr H$miOr {dXçmÏ¶mªZr ZmQ>H$ê$nmV gmXa Ho$br.

àË¶oH$ amoJmgmR>r doJio S>m°³Q>a, doJio Hw$Qw>§~ ¶m§Mr {ZdS> Ho$ë¶mZo ~hþg§»¶ {dXçmÏ¶mªZm gmXarH$aU H$aÊ¶mMr g§Yr

{‘imbr. {dXçmÏ¶mªZr gd© g§dmX B§J«Or‘Ü¶o ñdV: {b{hbo hmoVo.

4. EH$m nmR>mgmR>r {dXçmÏ¶mªZr nm°da nm°B§Q> àoP|Q>oeZ ~ZdyZ AmUbr. Eb.gr.S>r. àmoOo³Q>ada Ë¶m§Mo gmXarH$aU Ho$bo.

Vmo gd© nmR> {dXçmWu ñdAÜ¶¶ZmVyZ {eH$bo. ’$³V nr.nr.Q>r. H$aVmZm Ë¶m§Zm N>moQ>çm-N>moQ>çm gyMZm XoD$Z Ë¶m§À¶m

ñbmBS²>g n[anyU© H$aÊ¶mgmR>r ‘mJ©Xe©Z Ho$bo.

hOmamo ’w$b§ ’w$by Xo

{dMmaYmam§Mm g§Kf© hmoD$ Xo

{dœmbm ZdOrdZ {‘iy Xo

4. ‘mÂ¶m J{UV {df¶mgmR>r ‘r KoV Agbobm "J{UVmMm ‘hm¶k' hm CnH«$‘ {dXçmÏ¶mªÀ¶m A{Ve¶ AmdS>rMm. EH$

Vo ZD$ J{UVmMoM Vmg. àË¶oH$ Vmgmbm doJim KQ>H$. {d{dY J{UVo, H$moS>r, J{UVmVrb J‘VrO‘Vr, AmH¥$Ë¶m

dmMZ, m¡{‘{VH$ aMZm, J{UVmÀ¶m ñnYm©, narjm§gmR>r ‘mJ©Xe©Zna ì¶m»¶mZ, J{UV H$monam, J{UVmÀ¶m nwñVH$m§Mo

àXe©Z, nmT>o, dJ©, KZ, gyÌo, {ÌH$moUmMo àH$ma, Mm¡H$moZmMo àH$ma B. Mo V³Vo Ag§ J{UVr¶ dmVmdaU {Z{‘©Vr H$ê$Z

J{UVmMm ‘hm¶k H$am¶Mm. anya J{UVo gmoS>dm¶Mr. J{UVo ñdV: V¶ma H$am¶Mr. {Za{Zamù¶m gyÌm§Mm nañnam§er

ghg§~§Y OmoS>m¶Mm. doJdoJù¶m AmH¥$Ë¶m H$mT>m¶À¶m. {deof åhUOo Z H§$Q>miVm {dXçmWu {ZH$mon ñnY}Zo J{UVo

gmoS>dVmV. Aem AmJù¶m CnH«$‘m§X²dmao ‘wbm§‘Ü¶o J{UV {df¶mMr AmdS> {Z‘m©U hmoVo. J{UVmbm "éj {df¶' ¶m

g§H$ënZoVyZ H$mTy>Z Q>mH$Ê¶mg ‘XV hmoVo.

6. {dkmZ {XZmbm d¡km{ZH$ AmH¥$Ë¶m am§Jmoirê$nmV {dXçmÏ¶mªZr H$mT>ë¶m hmoË¶m. ‘mZdr öX¶, S>moim, nMZ g§ñWm,

ídgZ g§ñWm B. nÞmg AmH¥$Ë¶m§Mo àXe©Z IynM AmJiodoJio R>abo.

7. nmMdrVrb ‘wbo dJm©VM gbmS> ~ZdVmV, nwînJwÀN> ~ZdVmV. Q>mH$mD$nmgyZ {Q>H$mD$ dñVy ~ZdVmV. {dkmZ

àXe©ZmVhr Iyn ‘wbo gh^mJr hmoVmV. nmR>mbm AZwgê$Z {dXçmÏ¶mªÀ¶m nmoñQ>, ~±H$, ãbS> ~±H$, XdmImZm,

{deof ‘wbm§Mr emim, d¥X²Yml‘, {~pñH$Q>m§Mm H$maImZm, g^modVmbMo JS>, {H$ëbo B. Zm oQ>r KS>dyZ AmUë¶m

OmVmV. {dkmZ g|Q>abm ^oQ>r XoD$Z d¡km{ZH$ à¶moJ H$ê$Z ~KÊ¶mMr g§Yr {dXçmÏ¶mªZm CnbãY H$ê$Z

{Xbr OmVo.

8. ‘mÂ¶m dJm©nwaVo ‘¶m©{XV Ago AZoH$ CnH«$‘ am~dbo. {dXçmÏ¶mªH$Sy>Z hñV{b{IV V¶ma H$ê$Z KoUo, gw§Xa

hñVmjamgmR>r Vmgm‘Yrb nmM {‘{ZQ>o amIyZ R>odUo. XþaoKr dhrV {dXçmWu EHo$H$ Aja gw§Xa H$mT>Ê¶mMm gamd

H$aVmV. lmdU ‘{hÝ¶mV ‘|Xr H$mT>Uo d ‘mVrH$m‘mV ‘mVrMm ZmJ d ~¡b ~ZdUo Aer ñnYm© KoVbr hmoVr.

àË¶oH$ ‘wbrZo ñdV:À¶mM hmVmda ‘|Xr H$mT>m¶Mr. H$mhr ‘wbm§Zrhr ‘|Xr ñnY}V ^mJ KoVbm. ZmJ ~ZdVmZm

~hþg§»¶ ‘wbm§Zr AmYr e§H$amMr qnS> ~Zdbr d Ë¶mda ZmJ ~Zdbm. EH$m noZÀ¶m ~{jgmZo XoIrb ‘wbo


AmZ§XÿZ Jobr. Xa e{Zdma ‘r gmo‘dma Vo e{Zdma Agm S>ã¶mMm ‘oZy ’$ù¶mda {bhÿZ XoVo Ë¶mMm V³Vm

Imbrbà‘mUo :

gmo‘dma {haì¶m a§JmMr ^mOr H$moUVohr ’$i

‘§Jidma gbmS> IOya / ImarH$

~wYdma ‘moS>mMr Cgi amO{Jam bmSy>

Jwê$dma bmb a§JmMr ^mOr e|JXmUo-Jyi

ewH«$dma {ndù¶m a§JmMr ^mOr ZmMUr {~pñH$Q>

e{Zdma JmoS> {eam, Ira, H$m°Z©âbo³g

àË¶oH$ Amoirbm Zo‘yZ {Xbobm ‘wbJm amoO S>~m VnmgyZ ~KVmo. ‘mÂ¶m dJm©Vrb ~hmËVa ‘wbm§n¡H$s amoO gmR> ‘wbo

Var ¶m àH$maMm S>~m AmUVmV. Z AmUUmè¶m {dXçmÏ¶m©bm amJmdbo OmV Zmhr. ‘{hÝ¶mVrb EH$m {Xder ‘wbm§Zm

AmdS>rMm dS>m-nmd, ZyS>ëg B. KaJwVr ~ZdyZ KoVmo d ‘ñV nmQ>u H$aVmo. ~hþVoH$Xm nmbH$M ~ZdyZ AmUVmV.

{dXçmÏ¶mª~amo~a nmbH$m§Zm AmdSbobm Agm Am‘Mm hm nm¡{ï>H$ S>~m CnH«$‘ !

ho gd© CnH«$‘ am~dV AgVmZm gd© nXm{YH$mar, gd© {ejH$, {dXçmWu, nmbH$ ¶m gdmªMm gh^mJ, àmoËgmhZ

AgVo. emioÀ¶m H$m‘H$mOmV AS>Wim Z hmoD$ XoVm ¶m CnH«$‘m§Mo H$mQ>oH$moa {Z¶moOZ H$amdo bmJVo.

{Z - {ZYm©a

¶mo - ¶moOH$Vm

O - O~m~XmarMr OmUrd

Z - ZdrZVoMr AmoT>

"The people who risk nothing, do nothing, have nothing and are nothing. They may avoid

suffering and sorrow but they can't learn, change, grow, love and live.'

9. {dXçmÏ¶mªÀ¶m ~hþAm¶m‘r {dH$mgmMr Zm|X H$aÊ¶mgmR>r ‘yë¶‘mnZmMr {d{dY gmYZ§ Amdí¶H$ R>aVmV. narjmVrb

¶emn¶em~amo~a {dXçmÏ¶mªÀ¶m ^md{ZH$ ~wX²Ü¶m§H$mÀ¶m {dH$mgmMm ‘mJmodm KoVbm Jobm nm{hOo. ‘yë¶‘mnZmMm

g§~§Y ’$³V MmMÊ¶m d narjm ¶m§À¶m àíZn{ÌH$m§er ZgyZ emioV KS>Umè¶m AWdm KS>{dë¶m OmUmè¶m àË¶oH$

KQ>Zoer Vmo g§~§Y Amho. Vm|S>r narjoV nmR>m§VamMr MmMnUr Z hmoVm EImXr Jmoï> ì¶³V H$aÊ¶mMr j‘Vm AO‘mdbr

Jobr nm{hOo.

"{XdmñdßZ' ‘Ü¶o {JOw mB© ~YoH$m {b{hVmV, "Amnë¶m dJm©V nmg-Zmnmg R>adm¶Mr H$mhr Oê$arM Zmhr. Á¶mMr

H${dVm nmR> Agob Ë¶mZ§ Vr åhUmdr, Á¶mMr Zgob Ë¶mZ§ Vr nmR> H$amdr. Hw$Umbm Ioim¶bm ¶oV Zgob Va ~KyZ

~KyZ Ë¶mZ§ {eH$md§. Á¶m§Zm ¶oV§ Ë¶m§Zr Iyn Iyn Ioimd§, ‘Om H$amdr. ewX²YboIZmV Á¶mM§ Aja gw§Xa Agob, Ë¶mZ§

{b{hbob§ nmhÿZ BVam§Zr Amnb§ Aja§ gwYmamd§.'


10. Am¡nMm[aH$ {ejUm~amo~aM AZm¡nMm[aH$nUohr {dXçmÏ¶m©bm gw{e{jV d g‘OyVXma H$aÊ¶mMo à¶ËZ hmoUo hr AmOÀ¶m

H$mimMr JaO Amho. OwÝ¶m e¡j{UH$ {dMmam§Zm N>oX XoD$Z {ejUjoÌm‘Ü¶o Zd{dMmam§Mr H«$m§Vr Pmbr nm{hOo. amîQ>mbm

gm‘Ï¶©embr ~Zdm¶Mo Agob Va àW‘V: {ejUmH$S>o ~KÊ¶mMm Ñ{ï>H$moZ ~XbUo Amdí¶H$ Amho.

11. embo¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘m~amo~aM Ë¶mMm emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ¶mo½¶ àH$mao Pmbm nm{hOo. Ë¶mgmR>r Ë¶mZo ‘¡XmZmda

‘Z‘wamX Ioibo nm{hOo. ‘ZmVrb ^md^mdZm§Mm, emar[aH$ e³VrMm {ZMam VoWo Pmbm nm{hOo. {MÌH$bm, Jm¶Z,

dmXZ, ‘mVrH$m‘ B. H$boV Ë¶mZo a‘bo nm{hOo Am{U Aer n[apñWVr Ë¶mbm {ejU nX²YVrV CnbãY Pmbr

nm{hOo. {dXçmÏ¶mªZm Ë¶m§Mr Z¡g{J©H$ {dMma H$aÊ¶mMr j‘Vm d g¥OZerbVm ¶m§Zm dmd {‘imbm nm{hOo.

{dXçmÏ¶mªÀ¶m ^mdZm, ~wX²Yr, BÀN>m, Anojm d OÝ‘OmV d¥Îmr ¶m§Mm {dH$mg H$aV AgVmZm Ë¶mbm A{YH$m{YH$

{ZgJm©À¶m Odi ZoVo Vo Iao {ejU !

12. A{^Zd Aem ¶m {ejU nX²YVr‘wio {dXçmWu XÿaXe©Z, g§JUH$, B§Q>aZoQ>, ‘mo~mBb, Q>°ãO, ’o$g~wH$, dm°Q²>g An

B. Mm dmna {dMmanyd©H$, {dYm¶H$nUo H$aUmam KS>bm nm{hOo. ñd¶§{eñVrMm ^mo³Vm Pmbm nm{hOo. ñdV:Mo {hV

g‘OÊ¶mBVH$m g‘§Og Pmbm nm{hOo.

8. g‘mamon :gH$g d à¶moJerb {ejUmM§ ‘w»¶ Ü¶o¶ ‘mUygnU OmJdU§, {eH$VonUmÀ¶m {d{dY A§Jm§Zm IVnmUr KmbyZ

AÜ¶¶ZmoËgwH$ ‘Z V¶ma H$aU§ ho AgV§.

"We believe that it is of utmost importance to encourage the student to question and

challange all the accepted 'wisdom' and pressures that shape an individual in society today.

Thus here students are engaged in serious dialogue which allows them to understand & hope-

fully, go beyond these factors that are usually accepted unquestioningly."

~mbH$m§À¶m AmËå¶m§Zm {eñV bmdyZ, Ë¶m§À¶m OrdZmbm diU XoÊ¶mÀ¶m H$m¶m©nojm AmUIr H$mhr ‘hmZ Amho H$m¶

OJmV ? Or ì¶³Vr Aem àH$mao ‘wbm§À¶m AmËå¶m§Zm AmH$ma H$gm Xçmdm ho OmUy eH$Vo Vr ì¶³Vr EImXçm

{eënH$mamnojm, {MÌH$mamnojm, {ZpíMVM Iyn Iyn loð> R>aVo.

Aem A{^Zd {ejU nX²YVrVyZ gwg§ñH$m[aV Pmbobo ~mbH$ åhUob,

kmZ¶moJr hmoD$Z Amåhr,

{dkmZmMr H$mg Yê$ &

AmH$membm JdgUr Kmby,

gy¶m©bmhr W³H$ H$ê$ &

Xmhr {Xem§Zm qOHy$Z KoD$,

^ì¶ hr AmñWm &

*****


IoimIoimIoimIoimIoim Am{UAm{UAm{UAm{UAm{U ‘ñV ‘ñV ‘ñV ‘ñV ‘ñV hþemahþemahþemahþemahþema ìhm ! ìhm ! ìhm ! ìhm ! ìhm !

lr. AZ§V ‘YwH$aamd qZ~moioÝ¶y hm¶ñHy$b ‘oZ, A‘amdVr

Ioi hr AmË‘ào[aV OÝ‘OmV ñdm^m{dH$ àd¥Îmr Amho. øm‘Ü¶o AZwH$aUmer

g§Kf© d aMZmË‘H$ àd¥Îmr BË¶mXr àd¥ÎmrMo g§{‘lU Amho. hr OÝ‘OmV àd¥Îmr Amho.

¶mgmR>r {ejUmMr Amdí¶H$Vm ZgVo. Ioi{H«$¶m gXm ñdV§Ì ñdm^m{dH$ Am{U AmZ§XnyU©

AgVmV. Ioi hr {H«$¶m Amho. Or IoimgmR>r Ioibr OmVo. Ioi d H$m‘m‘Ü¶o EH$

{deof A§Va Amho. Vo åhUOo IoimV AmZ§X IoiVmZm hmoVmo. Va H$m‘mV AmZ§X CX²>Xoe

àmßVrZ§Va hmoVmo.

Ioi ~mbH$m§À¶m {ejUmV ’$ma ‘hÎdnyU© Amho. ¶mX²>dmao ~mbH$m§Mm emar[aH$ {dH$mg hmoVmo. Ë¶mMo ñdmñÏ¶ Mm§Jbo

amhVo. a³Vg§MbZ ZrQ> hmoVo. VgoM IoimX²>dmao ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg hmoVmo. Ë¶m‘wio AdYmZ, ñ‘¥Vr, H$ënZme³Vr, VH©$e³Vr

Am{U {ZU©¶e³Vr d {dMmae³VrMm {dH$mg hmoVmo.

Ioim‘Ü¶o BVa ‘wbm§gmo~V IoimV ^mJ KoD$Z gh¶moJ, g{hîUwVm, {Z¶‘nmbZ, AZwemgZ, ZoV¥Ëd BË¶mXr

JwUm§Mm {dH$mg hmoVmo. Á¶m‘wio ‘wbm§‘Ü¶o gm‘m{OH$Vm {dH${gV hmoVo. ì¶p³V‘ÎdmÀ¶m gd© JwUm§Mm ñdm^m{dH$ d gdmªJrU

{dH$mg hmoVmo.

"Mb Zm ao ^mD$

‘r Zmhr ¶oV

‘bm Amho H$m‘

H$gbo ao H$m‘

Ioim¶Mo H$m‘ ~mB© Ioim¶Mo H$m‘'

Ago N>mZ JmUo bhmZnUr gd© Amåhr åhUm¶Mmo. ho gdm©V AW©nyU© JmUo Amho. Ago ‘bm AmVm nQ>bo Amho.

"IoiUo' ho ‘wbm§À¶m Am¶wî¶mVrb ‘hÎdmMo H$m‘ Amho. Ago OrZ {nAmOo ho ‘hmZ {ejUVÁk åhUVmV. ‘wbm§Mr

hþemar H$er dmT>Vo ? ~wX²>{Y‘Îmm H$er dmT>Vo ? ¶mdarb ‘Vo OJmV gdmªZm ‘mÝ¶ AmhoV. Ý¶y¶mH©$À¶m ~°am°g d ghH$mè¶m§Zr

8 Vo 9 dfm©À¶m åhUOo àmW{‘H$ emioVrb 10,000 hÿZ OmñV ‘wbm§Mm Aä¶mg Ho$bm. ~mbAmamo½¶mMo emñÌr¶ ‘m{gH$

no{S>Am{S>³g‘Ü¶o Vmo à{gÕ Pmbm. ‘wbm§À¶m {ejUm‘Ü¶o gm‘m{OH$ g§~§Ym§À¶m dmT>rV d Amamo½¶ gwYmaÊ¶m‘Ü¶o IoiÊ¶mMm

‘moR>m dmQ>m Amho. Ago ¶mV åhQ>bo Amho.

e¡j{UH$ {df¶mVrb àJVrgmR>r ‘¡XmZr Ioi Amdí¶H$ AmhoV. Ioimb Va hþema ~Zmb.

‘wbm§À¶m {ejUm‘Ü¶ogm‘m{OH$ g§~§Ym§À¶m

dmT>rV d Amamo½¶gwYmaÊ¶m‘Ü¶o IoiÊ¶mMm

‘moR>m dmQ>m Amho. Ago ¶mVåhQ>bo Amho.


{‘Ì-‘¡{ÌUr‘Ü¶o IoiUo d ñnY}gmR>r YmdUo, qOH$Ê¶mgmR>r

IoiUo ¶m AbJ Jmoï>r AmhoV. {‘Ì-{‘{ÌUt‘Ü¶o IoiVmZm ‘wbo

AmZ§Xr AgVmV. qMVm‘w³V AgVmV. Hw$R>bohr Ü¶o¶ B©fm© VmU-

VUmd, hma-OrV Ë¶mV ZgVo. ho IoiUo EopÀN>H$ d AmZ§X‘¶

"‘ñV' AgVo.

qOH$Ê¶mgmR>r Ioibo OmUmao ñnYm©Ë‘H$ Ioi AbJ

AgVmV. Ë¶mV {Z¶‘ nmimdo bmJVmV. hdo Vgo H$aVm ¶oV Zmhr. {‘Ì-‘¡{ÌUter ‘moH$io IoiVmZm ‘wbo ghOrdZ

{eH$VmV. Xþgè¶m§Zm gm§ miyZ ¿¶m¶bm {eH$VmV. EH$ Xþgè¶mnmgyZ ZdrZ JwU, ZdrZ {H«$¶m {eH$VmV. XodKod gwg§dmX

{eH$VmV. ¶mZo ‘mZ{gH$ VmUVUmd, ‘mZ{gH$ AmOma KQ>VmV. Zd{Z‘m©Umbm MmbZm {‘iVo.

B§½b§S>À¶m goZmZtZr ‘moR>‘moR>çm bT>m¶m qOH$ë¶m. Ë¶mMo S>mdnoM Vo IoimÀ¶m ‘¡XmZmV {eH$bo. ñdJu¶ S>m°. lrH$m§V

{OMH$ma ¶m§Zr Aä¶mg Ho$bm Voìhm Ë¶m§Zm Ago {Xgbo H$s, Xhmdr-~mamdrMr JwUdÎmm ¶mXr d Am¶wî¶mV g’$b hmoUmè¶m§Mr

¶mXr AbJ-AbJ Amho. Oo IoimV ¶eñdr hmoVmV Vo Am¶wî¶mV ¶eñdr hmoVmV. Ioi IoiUmao d Ioi Z IoiUmao ¶m§À¶m

ì¶p³V‘ÎdmV ’$aH$ {XgyZ ¶oVo. emioV Ë¶m§Mo {‘Ì-‘¡{ÌUrer Ë¶mMo gwg§dmX ZgVmV. VgoM ZoV¥Ëd, CÎmaXm{¶Ëd Aem nXmgmR>r

Ë¶m§Zm ¶mo½¶ g‘Obo OmV Zmhr. Oo IoiV Zmhr Ë¶m§À¶m ì¶dhmamV ZH$mamË‘H$ Ñ{ï>H$moZ AgVmo. VgoM Vo ‘mZ{gH$ÑîQ>çm ¶mo½¶

ZgVmV d g‘mOmV Vo g{H«$¶ gh^mJ KoÊ¶mg ‘mJo AgVmV. Ë¶m§À¶mV emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ VUmd OmñV AgVmo.

åhUyZ ‘wbm§Zr amoO {‘Ì-‘¡{ÌUrgh IoiyZ ‘moR>o ìhmdo d ‘moR>onUr ñnYm©Ë‘H$ Ioi IoiyZ OrdZmV ¶eñdr ìhmdo.

Iobm|Jo Hw$Xm|Jo ~Zm|Jo Zdm~

ho Ia§M Amho Voìhm ‘wbm-‘wbtZr gwQ²>Q>rV d Am¶wî¶^a Ioim. IoiVmZm {eH$m. IoiÊ¶mMm A^md hm Amnë¶m

‘wbm§Mm ‘moR>m AmOma Amho. na§Vw AmO nmbH$ Ioimnojm OmñV ‘hÎd Aä¶mgmbm XoVmV. VgoM emioVrb a‘gmR> {df¶

¶m‘wio nmbH$ Aä¶mgmV nwT>o Agbm nm{hOo. åhUyZ gVV ‘wbm§Zm emim, H$moqMJ ³bmgog, {d{dY ñnYm© narjm ¶m‘Ü¶o

Jw§VdyZ R>odVmV. Ë¶m‘wio ‘wbo {Xdg^a emim, Q>çyeZ, H$moqMJ ³bmg ¶m‘Ü¶o ì¶ñV AgVmV. H$m°bZr‘Ü¶o ‘wbm§Zm eoOmar

Ioim¶bm gmo~Vr ZgVmo. H$maU EImXçm ‘wbmbm [aH$m‘m doi AgVmo. VoìhmM eoOmaÀ¶m ‘wbmMm V~bm ³bmg AgVmo.

Ë¶m‘wio Vmo Kar naV ¶oVmo. VgoM {d^³V Hw$Qw>§~ nX²>YVr‘wio Ë¶mbm AmOrAmOmo~m, MwbV^mD$ ZgVmo. Ë¶m‘wio Q>r.ìhr.

nmhÊ¶mV [aH$må¶m doioMm Cn¶moJ H$aVmV. VgoM pìh{S>Amo Jo‘ Ë¶m‘wio ‘wbm§Mm emar[aH$ {dH$mg hmoV Zmhr. VgoM

S>moù¶mda VmU {Z‘m©U hmoVmo. ZwgVo ~gyZ Agë¶m‘wio ñWybVm dmT>Vo. nmoQ>mMo AmOma dmT>VmV. gVV ~gë¶m‘wio earamÀ¶m

nmoíMada VmU ¶oVmo. Ë¶m‘wio eara g‘moa dmH$Uo, Hw$~S> {ZKUo Aer bjU§ {XgyZ ¶oVmV. VgoM Q>rìhrda H$mQy>©Z ZoQ>dH©$,

N>moQ>m r‘ Ago H$m¶©H‘ nmhVmV. Ë¶m‘wio {MS>{MS>o hmoVmV. N>moQ>m r‘‘Ü¶o r‘ Zoh‘r qOH$VmZm XmIdVmV. na§Vw àË¶j

OrdZmV Vgo ZgVo ho ‘wbo g‘OV Zmhr. VgoM Q>rìhr nmhVmZm H$moUVo H$m¶©H«$‘ ‘wbm§Zr nmhmdo. {H$Vr doi nmhmdo ho

nmbH$m§Zr R>adyZ {Xbo nm{hOo. ¶m gd© JmoîQ>rnojm ‘wbm§Zr XaamoO EH$ Vo XmoZ Vmg IoiboM nm{hOo. Amnbm emar[aH$,

‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg gmYbm nm{hOo. H$maU "gwÑT> earamVM gwÑT> ‘Z AgVo' Ë¶m‘wio Iyn Ioim Am{U hþema ìhm.

*****


doi doi doi doi doi :::::

S>m°. gm¡. nwînm KigmgrÝ¶y B§p½be ñHy$b, {Q>iH$ amoS>, nwUo 30.

"jUË¶mJo Hw$Vmo {dXçm, H$UË¶mJo Hw$Vmo YZ‘²' Ago EH$ g§ñH¥$V gw m{fV Amho.

¶mdê$Z AmT>iyZ ¶oVo H$s Amnë¶m nyd©Om§Zrhr doioMr d Aä¶mgmMr gm§JS> KmVbr Amho.

¶emMo ahñ¶ :darb gw m{fV bjmV KoVm H$UmH$UmZo YZg§M¶ H$aVm ¶oVmo Va jUmjUmZo {dXçoMr

àmßVr H$ê$Z KoVm ¶oVo.

~|Om{‘Z ’«±$H${bZ ¶m emñÌkmZogwX²Ym doioÀ¶m ~m~Vr‘Yrb Amnbo {dMma ñnîQ>

Ho$bo AmhoV. Vo Ago -

'Dost thou love life ? Then don't squander time,

for that's the stuff life is made of ....'

(Vw‘Mo OrdZmda ào‘ Amho H$s Zmhr ? ‘J doi CYiy ZH$m. H$maU Am¶wî¶ åhUOo Xþgao {Vgao H$mhr ZgyZ doiM

Amho. AmnU doi H$gm Kmb{dVmo ¶m Jmoï>r‘wioM Am¶wî¶mbm AW© àmßV hmoVmo.)

darb XmoÝhr {dMmam§dê$Z doioMo ‘hÎd Amnë¶m bjmV ¶oVo.

doi H$m dmMdm¶Mm ?'Time is money' Ago EH$ B§J«Or gw m{fV Amho. na§Vw doioMo ‘hÎd n¡emnojmhr OmñV Amho. H$maU Jobobm n¡gm

H$ï> H$ê$Z naV {‘i{dVm ¶oVmo. na§Vw EH$Xm Jobobr nmM {‘{ZQ>o Amnë¶mbm naV {‘idVm ¶oV ZmhrV. H$moUË¶mhr

gOrdmbm EH$XmM Am¶wî¶ {‘iVo Am{U Vo R>amdrH$ H$mb‘¶m©Xon¶ªVM AgVo. {‘imboë¶m Am¶wî¶mMr nmM-nmM {‘{ZQ>o

dm¶m Kmb{dbr Va {H$Vr doi d n¶m©¶mZo {H$Vr Am¶wî¶ dm¶m OmB©b ? AJXr gmoß¶m ^mfoV gm§Jm¶Mo Va AmnU

10/12 ‘mUgo CJrMM H$moUË¶mhr {df¶mda Jßnm ‘maVmo. Ë¶mVyZ H$mhr gmÜ¶ hmoV Zmhr. {edm¶ Jßnm§Mm {df¶hr gwg§JV

Agm ZgVmo. Aem 5/10 {‘{ZQ>o Jßnm ‘maë¶m Var gdmªMo {‘iyZ 1/2 Vmg AmnU dm¶m Kmb{dVmo. "doi hr amîQ´>r¶

g§nÎmr' dJ¡ao CXmËV {dMma Z R>odVmgwX²>Ym BVH$m doi Xþgè¶m EImXçm H$maUmgmR>r dmnabm Va Ë¶mVyZ {ZpíMVM gdmªMm

H$mhr ’$m¶Xm hmoB©b. ¶mMm AW© MMm© H$ê$ ZH$m qH$dm Jßnm ‘mê$ ZH$m Agm Zìho. nU Ë¶mVyZ àË¶oH$mbmM H$mhr {‘imbo

nm{hOo Agm CX²>Xoe R>odUo Amdí¶H$ Amho.

doi Hw$R>o OmVmo ?"Wm§~ ao nmM {‘{ZQ>o ! nmM {‘{ZQ>m§Zr H$m¶ hmoVo ?' Aer dm³¶o Amnë¶m H$mZm§da Zoh‘r nS>VmV qH$dm "AJXr

H§$Q>mim Ambm åhUyZ Vw‘À¶mH$S>o Jßnm ‘mam¶bm ghO Ambmo' hohr dm³¶ AmnU Zoh‘r EoH$Vmo. åhUOo {XdgmH$mR>r

Aä¶mgmVrb ‘hÎdmMm d ‘yb^yV KQ>H$Aä¶mgmVrb ‘hÎdmMm d ‘yb^yV KQ>H$Aä¶mgmVrb ‘hÎdmMm d ‘yb^yV KQ>H$Aä¶mgmVrb ‘hÎdmMm d ‘yb^yV KQ>H$Aä¶mgmVrb ‘hÎdmMm d ‘yb^yV KQ>H$

{ejU g§H«$‘UMoOwZo A§H$ MmiVmZmOmUdbobmà^mdembr,à{V^mg§nÞ boInwÝhm AZw dÊ¶mgmR>ràH$m{eV


Amnbo 1/2 Vmg AmnU Aem ’$mbVy H$m‘mgmR>r ghO IM© H$aVmo, Iyn doi AmnU dm¶m Kmb{dVmo ¶mMr OmUrdhr

Ë¶mdoir Amnë¶mbm hmoV Zmhr.

doi H$gm dmMdmb ?X¡Z§{XZr {bhm.

da dU©Z Ho$ë¶mà‘mUo {XdgâmMm EImXm Vmghr {ZîH$maU dm¶m OmD$ Z¶o Ago dmQ>V Agob Va H$mhr gd¶r

Amnë¶m A§Jr ~mUdyZ KoÊ¶mMr JaO Amho. {XdgâmV AmnU H$m¶ H$m¶ H$aVmo Ë¶mMr Zm|X R>odm åhUOoM X¡Z§{XZr

{bhm¶bm gwédmV H$am. Ë¶mMm {ZpíMV ’$m¶Xm hmoVmo. ¶mdê$Z EH$ Jmoï> gwMbr Vr Aer -

"EH$ CZmS> ‘wbJm {ejH$m§Mm ‘ma ImB©. EH$m {ejH$m§Zr Ë¶mgmR>r ZdrZ à¶moJ Ho$bm - amoO H$m¶ Ho$b§g Vo EH$m

dhrV {bhr d ‘mPr Ë¶mda ñdmjar Ko - àW‘ amoOM dhr H$moar - Z§Va Ë¶mMr bmO dmQy> bmJbr - H$mhr Mm§Jë¶m Jmoï>tMm

Zm|Xr - hiyhiy dV©ZmV ~Xb - - dfm©AIoa EH$ hþema d Mm§Jbm {dÚmWu åhUyZ ~jrg -'

Aem àH$mao EH$ EH$ AmR>dS>m X¡Z§{XZr {bhÿZ Vr dmMbr H$s Ë¶m Ë¶m AmR>dS>çmV AmnU H$m¶ H$m¶ Ho$bo d doi

H$moR>o KmbdVm Ë¶mMm Vnerb Amnë¶mbm {‘iob. Ë¶mMr Vrd«Vm dmT>br H$s Vmo doi dmMdyZ Aä¶mgmMm EImXm {df¶

H$aÊ¶mMr / dmMÊ¶mMr BÀN>m {Z‘m©U hmoB©b. na§Vw hr Jmoï> ghOgmÜ¶ Zmhr. H$maU Aä¶mgmnojm "Jßnm ‘maÊ¶mH$S>o'

gdmªMm ñdm^m{dH$ H$b AgVmo. åhUyZM VwH$mo~mam¶mZo åhQ>bo Amho H$s,

AgmÜ¶ Vo gmÜ¶, H$arVm gm¶mg & åhUyZ Aä¶mg - VwH$m åhUo &&

Aem arVrZo Aä¶mgmVrb EH$ EH$ {df¶ hiyhiy H$am¶bm gwédmV H$am. EH$Xm Aä¶mgmV JmoS>r bmJbr H$s Ë¶m-

Ë¶m {df¶mV Mm§Jbo JwU {‘im¶bm gwédmV hmoVo.

doioMo {Z¶moOZ{Xdgâm‘Ü¶o Amnë¶mbm Img Aä¶mgmgmR>r {H$Vr doi {‘iy eH$Vmo ¶mMm {hemo~ Vm|S>r H$am. nwT>rb V³Ë¶mZwgma

Vmo H$mJXmda ‘m§S>m. Vm|S>r {hemo~ d H$mJXmdarb {hemo~ ¶m§Mm Vmi‘oi O‘Vmo H$m Vo nhm.

{hemo~ EH$ {XdgmH$[aVm

1. Pmon 7 Vmg.

2. emim 6 Vmg

3. {ZË¶mMo ì¶dhma 2 Vmg

4. {eH$dUr 1 Vmg 30{‘.

5. KaH$m‘ 2 Vmg

6. H$a‘UyH$ 2 Vmg

7. BVa H$m‘o 1 Vmg

8. EHy$U doi 21 Vmg 30 {‘.


EHy$U {Xdgm§Mo Vmg 24. Ë¶mVyZ A§XmOo 22 Vmg dOm Ho$bo Var 2 Vmg Amnë¶mbm {‘iy

eH$VmV. Vo gd©M ‘wbm§Zm EH$mM doir {‘iy eH$Vrb Ago Zmhr. qH$dm EH$mM ‘wbmbmhr gbJnUo

{‘iUma Zmhr. nU {‘imboë¶m 1/2 VmgmVhr ~amM Aä¶mg AmnU H$ê$ eH$Vmo. ¶mgmR>r nwT>rb

Jmoï>tMm {dMma H$aUo Amdí¶H$ Amho.

1. Aä¶mgmMo EHy$U {df¶

2. {df¶m§Mm AdKS>nUm

3. {df¶mVrb ‘mJmgbonUm (H$ÀMm {df¶)

4. Amnbm AmdS>Vm {df¶

5. Z AmdS>Vm {df¶

Amnbo {df¶, Amnë¶mbm {‘iUmam doi d Ë¶m§Mm Aä¶mg ¶m§Mr gm§JS> KmbUo åhUOoM doimnÌH$.

H$moUË¶m doir H$moUVm Aä¶mg H$amdm, ho Ë¶m ì¶³Vrda Adb§~yZ Amho. nU amÌr Aä¶mg H$am¶Mm Pmë¶mg

{bImUmMm H$amdm åhUOo Pmon ¶oV Zmhr. gH$mir ‘|Xÿ d eara nyU© {dlm§VrZ§Va VmOoVdmZo AgVo. Voìhm nmR>m§VamMm

Aä¶mg H$amdm. na§Vw EImXm ‘wbJm nona Q>mH$Uo, XÿY KmbUo ¶mgmaIr H$m‘o H$arV Agë¶mg Ë¶mbm nhmQ>o Aä¶mg H$aUo

e³¶ hmoUma Zmhr åhUyZ Aä¶mgmÀ¶m {ZpíMV Aem doim gm§JVm ¶oUma ZmhrV. Varhr àW‘ 1/1 {XdgmMo doimnÌH$

‘m§S>m Z§Va 1 AmR>dS>çmMo, Z§Va 1 ‘{hÝ¶mMo ¶mà‘mUo Ë¶mMr ì¶mßVr dmT>dm. AdKS> {df¶m§Zm Ë¶mV àmYmÝ¶ Xçm.

Amnë¶mbm Z AmdS>Umao {df¶ àW‘ H$am. H$ÀMo {df¶ amooO H$am.

ZwgVo doimnÌH$ ZH$modoimnÌH$ H$ê$Z q^Vrbm {MH$Q>dyZ R>odyZ ^mJV Zmhr. Vo A§‘bmV AmUUo AJË¶mMo AgVo. ¶mgmR>r Ë¶mMo

H$mQ>oH$moanUo nmbZ H$aÊ¶mMm H$gmoerZo à¶ËZ H$am. ¶mgmR>r àW‘ H$am¶bm hdr H$m‘mMr ¶mXr. (list)

H$m‘mMr ¶mXrdoimnÌH$ H$aUo gmono nU àË¶jmV dmnaUo AdKS>. ho H$m‘ {ZpíMVnUo H$amdo bmJVo. ¶mgmR>r H$m¶ H$m‘ H$am¶Mo

Vo AmXë¶m amÌr dhrV {bhÿZ R>odm. H$m‘mÀ¶m ‘hÎdmZwgma Ë¶mbm AJ«H«$‘ Xçmdm. ¶mXrZwgma H$m‘o H$aÊ¶mMr ‘Zmbm d

earambm gd¶ bmdyZ ¿¶m. amÌr PmonVmZm Pmboë¶m H$m‘mda bj H|${ÐV H$am d am{hbobr H$m‘o Xþgè¶m {XdergmR>r dhrV

{bhm. Aem arVrZo H$m‘mÀ¶m ¶mXr~ahþHy$‘ åhUyZ doimnÌH$mZwgma Aä¶mg H$aÊ¶mMr Amnë¶mbm gd¶ bmJob. EH$

bjmV R>odm, H$m‘ H$moUVohr H$am¶Mo Agob Ë¶mgmR>r "doi' hm AË¶§V ‘hÎdmMm d Amdí¶H$ KQ>H$ Amho.

gmam§eAä¶mgmbm ‘wbm§Zm doiM {‘iV Zmhr Aer hmH$mQ>r Zoh‘r hmoVo. hm doi H$m ‘hÎdmMm Vmo {‘idm¶Mm d

{‘imbobm doi ¶mo½¶ arVrZo H$gm Cn¶moJmV AmUm¶Mm ¶mÑï>rZo ‘mJ©Xe©Z Ho$bo Amho. Ë¶mgmR>r X¡Z§{XZr, doimnÌH$ d

H$m‘mMr ¶mXr åhUOo H$m¶, Ë¶m§Mm Cn¶moJ d A§‘b~OmdUr {dXçmÏ¶mªZr Ho$ë¶mg doioMm gXþn¶moJ hmoD$ eHo$b.

*****

doimnÌH$H$ê$Z q^Vrbm{MH$Q>dyZ R>odyZ^mJV Zmhr. Vo

A§‘bmVAmUUo

AJË¶mMoAgVo.


g‘mOmVrb ì¶³VtÀ¶m {d{dY JaOm§Mr, Amdí¶H$Vm§Mr nyV©Vm H$aÊ¶mgmR>r g‘mOmZo, emgZmZo {d{dY gmd©O{ZH$,

gm‘m{OH$ g§ñWmMr ñWmnZm Ho$bobr Amho. Ë¶m {d{dY g§ñWmX²>dmao ì¶³VtÀ¶m JaOm§Mr nyV©Vm Ho$br OmVo. CXm. ‘mUgmbm

àdmg H$aUo gmoB©Mo ìhmdo ¶mgmR>r n[adhZ ‘hm‘§S>imMr, aoëdo ~moS>©Mr ñWmnZm Ho$br Amho. Va g§XoedhZmgmR>r nmoñQ,>

a³H$‘ gwa{jV R>odÊ¶mgmR>r VgoM H$O© {‘iÊ¶mgmR>r ~±H$m, Amamo½¶mgmR>r XdmImZo, eoVr {dH$mgmgmR>r H¥$fr {dXçmnrR>o

Aer [H$Ë¶oH$ CXmhaUo XoVm ¶oB©b.AWm©VM ¶m àË¶oH$ g§ñWoMr ñWmnZm doJdoJi¶m JaOm§À¶m nyV©Vm H$aÊ¶mgmR>r Pmbr

Agë¶m‘wio Ë¶m Ë¶m g§ñWoMr H$m¶©àUmbr XoIrb doJir AgUma.

""emim ¶m g§ñWoMr {Z{‘©VrXoIrb gm‘m{OH$ JaOoVyZ Pmbr Amho.'' g‘mOm‘Ü¶o {d{eï> d¶moJQ>mVrb ‘wbm‘wbtZm

Am¡nMm[aH$ {ejU [‘imdo ¶m JaOoÀ¶m nyV©VogmR>r emioMr ñWmnZm Pmbr. gmh{OH$M emgZmZo R>adyZ {Xboë¶m d¶moJQ>mVrb

gd© ‘wbm‘wbtZm emioV XmIb H$aUo d Ë¶m gdmªZm JwUdËVmnyU© {ejU CnbãY H$ê$Z XoUo ho emim ¶m g§ñWoMo ‘w»¶ CX²>{XîQ>

amhrb. {ZpíMV Ho$bobo CX²>{Xï> gmÜ¶ H$aÊ¶mgmR>r emim ¶m g§ñWo‘m’©$V CX²>{Xï>mZwê$n H¥$VrMr Anojm Amho.

""e¡j{UH$ àJVr hr ‘mZdmÀ¶m gd© àJVrMr OZZr Amho'' ho AmoiIyZ emgZmZo XoIrb {ejUmbm àmYmÝ¶ XoD$Z

{ejU joÌmV {dXçmWu JwUdËVm {dH$mgmgmR>r, {ejUmÀ¶m gmd©{ÌH$sH$aUmgmR>r {d{dY à¶moJ Ho$bo, ZmdrÝ¶nyU© CnH«$‘

am~{dbo. {dXçmWu bm^mÀ¶m {d{dY ¶moOZm am~{dë¶m d AOyZhr am~{dUo gwê$M Amho. g‘mOmVrb gd©M ñVamVrb

6 Vo 14 d¶moJQ>mVrb gd© ‘wbm‘wbtZm àmW{‘H$ {ejU ‘mo’$V d g³VrMm H$aUmam ‘{ejU h³H$’ RTE ACT H$m¶XmA‘bmV AmUyZ Ë¶mMr A§‘b~OmdUr gÜ¶m gwê$ Amho. g‘mOmVrb gd©M ‘wbm‘wbtZm JwUdËVmnyU© {ejU {‘imdo

¶mgmR>r ‘mJrb 12-13 dfm©nmgyZ gd© {ejm A{^¶mZmÀ¶m ‘mÜ¶‘mVyZ e¡j{UH$ gm{hË¶, embo¶ ^m¡{VH$ gw{dYm§Mr

nyV©Vm, {ejH$/‘w»¶mÜ¶mnH$m§Mo à{ejU, {dXçmÏ¶mªgmR>r {d{dY ¶moOZm, JUdoe, nmR>çnwñVHo$ BË¶mXtgmR>r ’$ma ‘moRçm

à‘mUmV {ZYr IM© H$aÊ¶mV ¶oV Amho. AemàH$mao emgZ,g‘mO,emim ¶m§Mo ¶m ñVamdê$Z XmIbnmÌ ‘wbm‘wbtZm

e¡j{UH$$ àdmhmV gm‘rb H$ê$Z KoUo d Ë¶m§Zm XO}Xma {ejU CnbãY H$ê$Z XoÊ¶mgmR>r {d{dY àH$mao à¶ËZ H$aÊ¶mV

Ambo. Varhr Ano{jV ~Xb Pmë¶mMo {XgyZ ¶oV Zmhr. gd© {ejm A{^¶mZm§VJ©V ‘mJrb 12-13 dfm©V {dXçmWu

JwUdËVm dmT>rgmR>r ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV IM© H$aÊ¶mV Ambm. ‘mÌ Ë¶mZ§Va JwUdËVm dmT>rMm AmT>mdm KoVbm AgVm JwUdËVm

nydu nojm Kgaë¶mMo "Aga' ¶m g§ñWoZr Ho$boë¶m gd}jU Ahdmbmdê$Z {XgyZ Amë¶mMo H$iVo.

lr. {gÜXoída Mm§XoH$a {d^mJr¶ g{Md,

‘hmamï´> amÁ¶ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ d Cƒ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ {ejU ‘§S>i,

dmer, Zdr ‘w§~B©-400 703.

AmOÀ¶m {ejU nX²YVrVrbCUrdm d Cnm¶¶moOZm


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*****


The deteriorating conditions of the natural resources and

pollution of environment through reckless., continuous and ravage use

to the point of extinction have brought in pessimism. Some have even

gone to the extent of predicting doom’s day. The cry is not totally

unwarranted but it may be recalled that the early predicted environmental

collapse in early 70s did not come about. There is no doubt degradation

of congenial environment for human continuance. The modern

technology has triggered richness of human life. Yet, proper balance of

natural resources is not maintained. What is astonishing is apart from

the illiterate masses, the educated have also not learnt about the

quality of environment. The people badly need to be educated in

integrated approach of ecology, sociology and economics.

Technologically advanced nations and their affluence spew out

waste products that pollute air, poison waters and soils as also disturb

atmospheric sounds, which are detrimental to the human health. With

increased industrialisation and urbanisation, it is becoming difficult to

mitigate the menace. Public awareness to undo harm or to keep

Our Obligntions to Environment

Dr. D. G. BhapkarAssociate Dean (Education)

M. P. K. Vidyapeeth, Rahuri.

An economisthaspinpointedthe limitednature of ourplanet andcalled it aspaceshipearthalthough wehaveresources,which can bewiselydeployed untothousands ofyears.

exploiting to the minimum is the dire necessity. There is no use criticising technology

since knowledge and technology can come handy to depollute nature to the greater extent

though not to pristine purity. Schools and colleges can evolve methods to bring home the

essentiality of holding nature in as undisturbed and rich condition as possible.

Man must live in harmony with nature not conquer it.

An economist has pinpointed the limited nature of our planet and called it a spaceship

earth although we have resources, which can be wisely deployed unto thousands of years.

With the asset of technology, there is no reason to become panicky but there is absolute

necessity of understanding the situation and to adjust ourselves with nature.


About three lakhs of species of green plant and micro-organism are at work as

primary producers giving out synthesised organic material, which is consumed by more than

ten lakh other species. The cyclic reactions of most of the matters and elements permit

human beings of their re-use. Bio-sphere has evolved a self regulatory system with internal

checks and balances and thus developed a remarkable degree of homeostasis. Non-

renewable resources are to be cautiously and wisely utilised. The man-made systems such

as houses, factories, transport are not self-sustaining since they demand energy, cause

pollution as compared to natural eco-system such as ponds, grass lands, forests, which have

self-regulation and self-restoration.

Knowing well the growing harm pollutants can inflict the State Governments are

waging steps to combat the affliction. Departments of Environmental Engineering are

installed. Courses in environmental sciences are being imparted. New restrictions of

treatment of released waste products of industries are imposed. As usual saga continues that

the implementation of existent structures are not adhered to very regidly. In the realm of

bringing more land under irrigation in a shorter span of time, a substantial proportion of

good cultivated land is actually alienated from plough due to development of salinity and

alkalinity.

We hear 16 hz (1 hz = l oscillation per second ) to 20,000 hz as lowest and highest

frequencies. Sound waves propagate about 330 meters per second in air, 1468 m/sec in

water and even faster in solids.

“Sound” is more objective and comprehensive denoting a range from an almost

inaudible whisper to an explosion or a scream of a siren. Noise connotes lack of a pleasant

musical quality or a disagreeable loudness. A phon scale is a logarithmic measure of

perceived sound loudness. A sound pressure level of 120 decibels is considered to

represent the pain threshold and an increase of 6 decibels indicates a doubling of sound

pressure level.

A 'Phon' is a measure of loudness; the Sound Pressure Level at 1,000 cycles per

second (cps), which is equally noisy as the perceived sound pressure level at another

frequency. A sound pressure level of 92 dB at 20 cps has a “loudness” of 40 phons. Thus,

whispering is 10-20 dB, normal conversation 60 dB, threshold of pain 130-140 dB.

People overexposed to noise cannot live in harmony. Besides, noise would cause ill-

effect on other animals including fish or dog. Sonic boom may add fire to the already

decimating effect on mankind and other animals.


Cacophony through automobiles and loud speakers with raucous music deeply affects

human physiology. Noise pollution limit is quantified in decibel, which is only on the paper

and is intruded very often in every day life.

Fertiliser factories are great culprits in excretion of poisonous substances for human

life as well as sea fauna including fish. Not only fish growth is stagnated but fish contain

more selenium, which is harmful to mankind on consumption of such fish. Chimneys of

factories emit detrimental gases and solid particles.

Until recently, ocean was a symbol of unadulterated purity. Now, it has become a

storage and dumping place of industrial waste, sewage sludge and rubbish disposals. As a

result, sea water contains an alarmingly high proportion of paihogens, sulphuric acid, iron

sulphate, mercury, radioactive materials, warm effluents, pesticides, oils, lead and what not.

Pollution menace emerging from reckless dumping of untreated wastes in rivers has

endangered life since such water is drunk along the river banks. Release of urban drains in

streams has brought in more serious problem of health hazards than accomplishing city

sanitation. It is the moral and legal responsibility of every polluting industry to instal

safeguard treatment plants.

Water pollution assumes a very serious form mainly because of industrial pollutants.

Polluted water may carry human disease causal organisms. Like water, air pollution is also

very intense because of the fall-outs from the heavy industries and automobile exhausts.

Chemical adulterants of the air produces health hazards. Another very serious form of

pollutant is the radio-isotopic accumulation.

Mankind is faced with an ecological crisis. The near collapsing quality of environment

will have to be salvaged from the stalemate. Environmental pollution amounts to the

unfavourable alteration of our surroundings through our doings. All the three media soil

water and air are polluted through different agents to varying degrees. Introduction of

heavy amounts of water into the soils which have not been furnished with drains, renders

the soils unworthy for profitable cultivation. Chemical wastes are sometimes allowed to

leach into the soils. Large quantities of chemical fertilisers are added to the cultivated

soils. In the long run, the reckless administration of excessive doses of fertilisers will

lead the soil to low productivity. Pesticides are very liberally used in control of pests and

plant diseases, which also affect plants and animals,. Heibicidal effects are very much

deteterious. Continuous cropping, non-addition of organic matter, elimination of legume


cultivation and mismanagement of lands are slow but sure ways of causing deterioration

in soil fertility.

The man in the street is less aware or conscious to consequences of intensive use of

fertilizers and pesticides than to the more visual dangers caused by industries. Dangers are

equally existent and insidious although it is underestimated.

Change in from a “discarding economy” to a “cycling economy” is the need of the

hour.

India has nearly 306 million hectares of land of which 46 percent is for agricultural

use and 20 per cent is under forests. Conversion of forests to cultivated lands is rampant.

Besides substantial area is transformed as non-agricuitural and devoted to industries and

urbanisation. Deforestation is so prolific that it has come to give a blow on reduced

precipitation, heavy erosion of soils and flooding of area, which engulf human dwellings.

Biological equilibrium is maintained in an ecosystem through the activities of

producers, consumers and decomposers. Predator-prey system or the perasite-host system

is selfregulatory. Human intervention is causing pseudoeco systems, which disturb balances

in forests, water and wild-life, as well as, result in collapse of acquatic ecosystem. Man

must strive an integrated approach to agriculture a synthesis of chemical and biological pest

control, new methods of crop rotation, appropriate breeding programmes in plants and

economic animals etc.

Land clearing has also resulted in reduced percolation of water through soil causing

noncharging of underground water veins and consequently depleting ground water supply.

Many times, illeffects of denuded soils resulted in configuration of scarred gullies, and

heavy soil run-offs carrying clay particles. Thousands of years are required for formation

of soils but no time is required to lose such a soil if kept unclothed vegetatively. Eventually,

the quality of life deteriorates. Human being uses natural resources and leaves back wastes.

Recycling of such organic wastes like agricultural residues throws a great challenge for

human being to accept. Bio-degradation of city wastes is possible. Certain countries and

people are enjoying excessive economic exploitation of natural resources. Usually, a

common property is more prone to excessive exploitation. In cultivation of land, man must

remember its obligation and follow the land ethic.

We must arouse and foster the environmental consciousness among the masses.

National committee on environmental, planning and coordination, felling trees


indiscriminately-filling the equilibrium with the environment and upsetting ecological

balance.

Russia is developing a new type of motor fuel based on gas condensule. It will reduce

Loxicity of waste gases by 30-40 per cent, the black content by half and cancerogetinc

hydro- carbon by a third.

It is estimated that the world population at the beginning of the Paleolithic, about a

million years ago, was 1,25,000 restricted mainly in the African region. About 3,00,000

years ago, which was mid Paleolithic period the population grew to a million spreading to

Eurasia. Toward the end of the Paleolithic, about 25,000 years ago, when Neanderthal and

Cro-Magnon man were both living, there were about three million people on the earth.

Neanderthal man was exterminated by Homo sapiens (Sapiens meaning wise, intelligent,

insightful, understanding). Population exploded to nearly 4 billion by now. At this geometric

population growth, there would shortly be hardly any room for living let alone sustaining

human life. Alternate sources of food will have to be researched. A cow weighing 250 kg

synthesizes only a quarter kg of protein in a day while 250 kg of yeast organisms are said

to produce 625 kg protein daily.

Population explosion has set in a chain of reactions such as geometric progression

of population, shifting of people from rural to urban areas, availability of lesser and lesser

resources for an individual in the sprawling cities, formation of bee lines for procurement

of commodities, a very high degree of competition, disturbance in human relationship,

opening of flood gate of human deficiencies, malnutrition, starvation, confrontations,

goondaism, break up of law and order, spread of diseases etc. Thus, the social problems

are interdependent with ecological conditions. The man is a member of global eco-system

and not as its sole master. He must learn to live in harmony with the ecology and

environment.

Man needs energy for his continuance and for the mannual work. With the escalation

of technological take off, more and more energy is consumed serving human needs such

in agriculture, transport, industries etc. The flora of the ecosystem depends on sun-light for

synthesis of food. Man has depended increasingly more on fossil fuels (petrolium, coal and

natural gas) and also other forms of energy such as heat and electricity. Thus, today we

derive our energy resource from coal mines, oil wells, power plants and nuclear reactors.

The developed countries have a very high per capita energy consumption. In India, daily

per capita energy consumption is 6000 K calories and annual per capita gross national


production is worth 80 US dollars. Corresponding figures for Japan and USA are 40,000

K-cal and dollar 1404 and 230000 K-cal and dollar 4369 respectively. High standard of

living does not necessarily mean a high quality of life. The man is exploiting more and

more energy. In primitive age, he required 2-4 thousand K calories of energy per person

per day. In predominantly agriculture societies, the energy reqired increased to the level

of 2000 to 6000 K calories per person per day. Today in the USA, more than 230

thousand K calories energy is used per person per day. At no other time and no other place,

have people utilised energy faster than Americans do today. They form 6 per cent of the

world population but prodigiously utilise 35 per cent of the world’s energy consumption.

In India, energy consumption is less than 10 thousand K calories per person per day.

Whereas per capita GNP is a general indicator of certain meterial values, it is not

necessarily a valid indicator of the quality of life

Fossil fuels are being utilised so extravagantly that in the next ten years, more

petrolium and natural gas will be consumed than in the previous 100 years. The vast

petrolium resources of the Middle East estimated at 350 × 109 barrels will last only 23

years at the present level of consumption. Coal reserves are enormous and will relatively

last longer than petrolium resources. However, it posses the problem of extraction, which

is hazardoes causing lung diseases in miners besides clouding a danger of accidents through

fires or collapse. Coal as an energy source contributes air and water pollution as

sulpherdioxide, soot and fly ash. Currently, nuclear energy consumption is relatively low

but it would increase in the years to come. Reactors use the fuel as uranium 235, which

release heat when it undergoes fission. Uranium releases about 20 thousand times more

heat energy than obtainable from equivalent weight of coal. Nuclear energy is environmentally

cleaner but it creates radio-active waste, which must be stored for thousands of years in

leak proof chambers. Nuclear plants are also facing problems of fuel shortage in some

countries.

The solar energy is virtually unlimited and non-polluting but it involves difficulties of

capture and conversion to heat or electricity. On an average, solar radiation reaches the

earth in amounts 15,000 calories per square metre per minute, which is equivalent to 9

million calories per square metre per day for 10 hours sunshine or more than 90 billion

calories per hectare per day. The total solar energy striking the earth surface each day is

equivalent to the energy of 684 billion tonnes of coal (6.84 × 1011 tonnes). Thus, solar

energy striking Indian soil is about 15 minutes is sufficient to meet India’s entire power


needs for one year provided it could be harnessed. The sunshine falling on any place in India

on a sunny day in March or April is equivalent to the energy produced by all the-power

plants in the entire world at peak per-formance. However, we lag behind in developing an

efficient and practical way of utilising solar energy on a large scale. Provision for storing

solar energy will have to be made. Solar energy can be utilised directly in heat conversion

to water, indirectly conversion to electric power to thermal energy or by direct conversion

to electricity through silicon or cadmium solar cells known as photo voltaic conversion.

Solar radiation serves as the source of incredible amount of energy. At sea level, the

intensity of solar radiation averages 15,000 calories per sq m per minute, which amounts

to more than 90 billion calories per hectare per day. Thus, the solar energy striking the

earth surface each day is equivalent to the energy in 684 billion tonnes of coal. However,

most of the solar energy striking the earth surface is scattered or transformed into heat.

Plants absorb about 2 per cent and utilise only one per cent.

There are alternative sources of energy such as geothermal, tidal, wind, hydro electric

and waste incineration. All these forms are mostly unlimited and have no polluting effect

although they involve very high capital investment.

There are over two million different kinds of animals and plants. An ecosystem, which

is an organisational unit of living organisms and non-living substances, comprises abiotic

substances and organisms, some of which are producers, consumers or decomposers.

Gross productivities of an ecosystem vary from 0.5 gram of dry organic matter (carbon

compounds) to nearly 20 grams per square metre per day. Net productivities are half or less

of the gross productivities. In nature, biogeochemical cycles accomplish the job of

continuity of life.

Thus, ecological factors cannot be disregarded although we cannot support the

prophecies of doom and gloom and raising of similar bogies. At the rate of 2 per cent of

annual world’s population growth, human population will increase seven fold in one

century, then reaching 30 billion people, there is reason to heed warnings and plan

pragmatically instead of becoming panicky and losing heart. The technology is sure to

come handy to surpass the formidable job of healthy environment. In 1967, there were

about 3-5 billion people on earth, each requiring about 10 kilo calories per year for life

maintenance. Thus, against the food energy requirement of 3.5× 1015 kilo calories the

world’s agriculture harvest for human consumption in the same year was 5.3 × 1016 kilo

calories. Nevertheless, the existence of disparities and ill distribution of resources have


remained to be contained. More attention needs to be focused, supported with fiscan

allocations for developing new technologies to achieve the proper ecological balance.

It is claimed by some scientists that, ‘cultural man has been on earth for some

2,000,000 years-for over 99 per cent of this period, he would have lived as a hunter-

gatherer. Only in the last 10,000 years, has man begun to domesticate plants and animals

to use metals and to harness energy other than human body. Early man denoting pre-

agricuiture stage, was a successful practising ecologist. He adapted to his environment,

although it does not mean that the early man was a good conservationist. With the

introduction of agriculture, the changes in soil and atmospheric factors were set in motion.

Transpiration return from an acre of forest may reach 2,500 gallons per day, creating a

natural system of water reuse. With the degradation of forests, the multitudinal repressive

effects on the natural resources proliferated. This is the result of man’s ignorance in this

regard of the laws of nature. The process of depletion is not on unabated but is accelerated

greally. The thar desert has increased its size by 60,000 acres in the last 100 years. The

green revolution in agriculture is offering some hope that trends of environmental destruction,

which prevailed for many centuries can be reversed. Therefore, as expressed by one author,

man must recognise necessity of cooperating with nature. He must temper his demand and

use the natural living resources of this earth in a manner that alone can provide for the

continuation of civilisation. Achievement will require the application of intelligence,

imagination, courage, unselfish help, planning and prodigious efforts. The editors of the

Johns Hopkins Magazine elaborated effects around the theme “war against suffering ” 2/3

of the human race lives in the underdeveloped world, drinking unsafe water, disposing

wastes recklessly and living in unfit dwellings. Every living individual is afflicted with

intestinal parasites. Half of the children never reach their fifth birth day. Most of these

people are suffering from one or the other diseases. Thus, 2/3 of the worlds’ people live

in countries, whose annual per capita income is 300. whereas in India -worlds’ largest

democracy - it is less than 100. In Calcutta, the 77 per cent of the population has less than

40 sq ft of living space per person. It appears as if the mankind is engaged in a programme

of self defeat. Therefore, a writer has observed “the human prospect is not an irrevocable

death sentence; it is not an inevitable doom’s day, toward which we are headed, although the

risk of enormous catastrophes exists.”

*****


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^mfo‘wioM g§XoedhZ hmoV AgVo. ^mfm hr g§ñH¥$VrMo à{VH$ AgVo. "{Xgob Vo nwñVH$ d oQ>ob Vmo ‘mUyg dmMÊ¶mMrgd¶ gyÌg§MmbH$mZ§ ñdV:bm bmdbr nm{hOo'. ^mfoMo ì¶mH$aU d ^mfoVrb eãXm§Mm AW© ¶m§Mr n[anyU© OmU Agë¶mg^mfoda à wËd Amho Agm Ë¶mMm AW© hmoVmo. dm³¶mV ñdën{dam‘, CX²JmadmMH$, nyU©{dam‘ ¶m§Mr g‘O d Ë¶mZwgma ^mfoMoàH$Q>rH$aU H$aVm Ambo nm{hOo. eãXg§nÎmr dmT>dÊ¶mgmR>r Xj Agb§ nm{hOo. {d{dY {df¶mÀ¶m g§X^m©Mo ^mZ, n[anyU©‘m{hVrMm eãXgmR>m Agmdm. "¶m öX¶rMo Ë¶m öX¶r' KmbÊ¶mMr ghOVm hdr. Iyn Ab§H$m[aH$ ^mfoMm dmna Z H$aVmàË¶oH$mbm Vw‘À¶m ~mobrVyZ Vwåhr OdiMo dmQ>mdo Aer AmoKdË¶m ^mfoMm dmna H$amdm.Aï>mdYmZr :

gyÌg§MmbH$ Aï>mdYmZr Agmdm. H$m¶©H«$‘ R>aboë¶m {Z¶moOZmà‘mUo ìhmdo, Ago dmQ>V AgVmZm ~è¶mM Jmoï>tMm àË¶¶¶oVmo. Z¡g{J©H$ AWdm ‘mZd{Z{‘©V ~m~tZm ì¶Ë¶¶ ¶oVmo. H$gbobm gyÌg§MmbH$ ¶m ~m~tda ‘mV H$aVmo. H$Yr {dOoMm ì¶Ë¶¶,H$m¶©H«$‘ CYiÊ¶mMm H$Q>, nXm{YH$mar ¶m§À¶m MwH$m§Mm n[aUm‘, ¶m‘wio gdmªZm gm§ miyZ KoÊ¶mMo Am{U H$m¶©H«$‘ ¶mo½¶ àH$maonma nmS>Ê¶mMo H$m‘ gyÌg§MmbH$mbm H$amdo bmJVo. àg§JmdYmZ, hOaO~m~rnUm, g‘¶gyMH$Vm, VmÁ¶m KS>m‘moS>tMo kmZ ¶mH$m¡eë¶m§Mm dmna H$ê$Z ‘Yo-‘Yo ¶oUmao nmhþUo, {MR²>R>çm BË¶mXtMo ñdmJV H$amdo bmJVo. Ë¶m§Mm gÝ‘mZ H$amdm bmJVmo.{dZmoX ~wX²>Yr :

XmoZ H$m¶©H«$‘m§Zm OmoS>Umam Xþdm åhUOo gyÌg§MmbH$. ho gyÌg§MmbZ ¶m§{ÌH$ Agob Va H§$Q>midmUo hmoVo. lmoË¶m§MoAdYmZ {Q>H$dÊ¶mgmR>r AYyZ-‘YyZ {dZmoXmMr noaUr ìhmdr bmJVo.àgÞ ì¶p³V‘Îd :

àgÞ Moham d ‘Z Xþgè¶mbmhr àgÞ H$aV AgVo åhUyZ gyÌg§MmbH$mH$S>o àgÞVm nm{hOoM. {dZmo~m ^mdo "JrVmB©'


‘Ü¶o åhUVmV H$s,àgÞVo gd©, Xþ:Io OmVr PS>mo{Z¶m &

àgÞVoZo ~wÕrMr pñWaVm erK« hmoVgo &&gyÌg§MmbH$ hm H$moUË¶mhr H$m¶©H«$‘mMm ‘hÎdmMm Xþdm AgVmo. gdmªer g‘mZ dV©Z hm Ë¶mMm ñWm¶r^md hdm.

gyÌg§MmbH$mbm Oo H$mhr ‘m§S>m¶Mo Amho Vo Oa gwhmñ¶ dXZmZo ‘m§Sbo Va Ë¶mMm gH$mamË‘H$ à^md {ZpíMV nS>Vmo.àg§JmdYmZ :

H$m¶©H«$‘ H$moUË¶m àH$maMm Amho ¶mMr gmVË¶mZo AmR>dU Agbr nm{hOo. g§JrV{df¶H$ H$m¶©H«$‘ Agob Va g§JrVKamUo, Jwê$, {eî¶, na§nam amJ, ¶m§Mr ‘m{hVr H$ê$Z KoVbr nm{hOo. JmÊ¶mMr ‘¡’$b Agob Va JmÊ¶mÀ¶m {Z{‘©VrMo {H$ñgo kmVH$ê$Z KoD$Z {ZdoXZ H$aVmZm ‘m§S>Ur Ho$br nm{hOo.hOaO~m~rnUm :

hOaO~m~rnUm‘wio gyÌg§MmbZ CRy>Z {Xgo. hOaO~m~r AgUo åhUOo EImXçm KS>boë¶m KQ>Zoda, ~mobboë¶mdm³¶mda CËñ’y$V©nUo {Xbobr à{V{H«$¶m qH$dm mî¶ hmo¶. hOaO~m~rnUm hm JwU A§Jr ~mUdÊ¶mgmR>r eãXm§Mm I{OZm ‘moR>çmà‘mUmV Amdí¶H$ AgVmo. EH$mM eãXmMo AZoH$ AW© ‘mhrV AgUo Amdí¶H$ AgUo. d³Ë¶mÀ¶m ~mobÊ¶mVrb eãXmMmbJoM AW©~moY Pmbm nm{hOo VaM hOaO~m~rnUm XmI{dVm ¶oVmo. OwÝ¶m H$ënZm Q>miyZ Zì¶m H$ënZm ‘m§S>VmZm eãXm§MmH$miOrnyd©H$ dmna Ho$bm Jobm nm{hOo.H$m¶©H«$‘mMm Aä¶mg :

gyÌg§MmbZ H$aUmè¶mZo Á¶m g§ñWoMm H$m¶©H«$‘ hmVr KoVbm Amho. Ë¶m g§ñWoÀ¶m H$m¶©H«$‘mMm ~maH$mB©Zo Aä¶mg H$aUoJaOoMo Amho. Ë¶mMà‘mUo Á¶m CX²XoemÀ¶m ì¶³Vr g§X^m©Vrb H$m¶©H«$‘ Amho. Ë¶m ì¶³VtMm Aä¶mg H$amdm. gËH$ma‘yVu,ì¶m»¶mVo, à‘wI nmhþUo, CnpñWV ‘mÝ¶da B. H$m¶©H«$‘mMo {Z¶moOZ H$amdo. Amdí¶H$Vm Agë¶mg ZmoQ>g² H$mT>mì¶mV. g‘ma§ mMmAä¶mg H$amdm. H«$‘dma {Q>nUr d Amnbo {ZdoXZmMo {Q>nU H$amdo. H$m¶©H«$‘m{df¶r nyU© kmZ {‘i{dÊ¶mgmR>r Amdí¶H$ YS>nS>d OmJê$H$Vm gyÌg§MmbH$mH$S>o Agmdr bmJVo.lmoË¶m§Mo ‘mZgemñÌ d g‘mOemñÌmMm Aä¶mg :

gyÌg§MmbH$ ~hþlwV Agmdm bmJVmo. Ë¶mMr g‘Oe³Vr Mm§Jbr hdr, lmoË¶m§À¶m g‘yh‘ZmMr OmUrd gyÌg§MmbH$m§‘Ü¶oAgmdr bmJVo. g‘yhmÀ¶m ^mdZm hiì¶m AgVmV. gyÌg§MmbH$mMo eãXm§À¶m qhXmoù¶mda ^mdZm Imbrda hmoV AgVmV.Am{U g‘yh ‘Zmg ¶mo½¶ {XeoZo ZoD$Z H$m¶©H«$‘mMm CX²Xoe g’$b H$aUo gyÌg§MmbH$mÀ¶m hmVr AgVo.CËH¥$ï> d³V¥Ëd :

gyÌg§MmbH$mMm ‘hÎdmMm JwU åhUOo Ë¶mMo d³V¥Ëd Mm§Jbo nm{hOo. AmdmO hr Z¡g{J©H$ XoUJr Amho. ‘m{hVrnyU© da§OH$ {ZdoXZm~amo~aM {ZdoXH$mMm gw‘Yya AmdmO Agob Va {ZdoXZ A{YH$ ldUr¶ hmoVo. AmnU EH$mM doir ì¶mgnrR>mdarb‘mÝ¶da ì¶³Vr Am{U lmoVo ¶m§À¶mer ~mobV AgVmo ¶mMo ^mZ Agmdo. eãXm§Mr ñnï>Vm, Amamoh-Adamoh, ‘moR>m d AmH$f©H$AmdmO Am{U ñnï> CÀMma Amdí¶H$ AgVmV. gyÌg§MmbH$mH$S>o g^mYrQ>nUm Am{U ^mfUmMr H$bm Agmdr bmJVo.

¶m JwUm§~amo~aM ñ‘aUe³Vr, CËV‘ A{^ì¶³Vr, ¶mo½¶ g‘Ýd¶Ñï>r, nmoemImMr {ZdS>, Xoh~mobr, erK«H${dËd, doioMo{Z¶moOZ ho JwU Agbo nm{hOo. CËH¥$ï> gyÌg§MmbH$ hm à^mdr gyÌg§MmbZmMo ñdßZ gmH$ma H$aV AgVmo Am{U H$m¶©H«$‘mbmAmH$ma XoV AgVmo. åhUyZ àË¶oH$ gyÌg§MmbH$mH$S>o Cnamo³V JwU Agbo nm{hOoV.

*****


{dXçmWuH|$Ðr {dXçmWuH|$Ðr {dXçmWuH|$Ðr {dXçmWuH|$Ðr {dXçmWuH|$Ðr {ejUmVrb{ejUmVrb{ejUmVrb{ejUmVrb{ejUmVrb {ejH$m§Mr {ejH$m§Mr {ejH$m§Mr {ejH$m§Mr {ejH$m§Mr ^y{‘H$m ^y{‘H$m ^y{‘H$m ^y{‘H$m ^y{‘H$m

gm¡. am{YH$m Xoe‘wI

H$mimÀ¶m àdmhm~mhoa {ejUnX²>YVtH$S>o nmhÊ¶mÀ¶m Ñ{ï>H$moZ ~XbV OmVmo. Ñ{ï>H$moZ ~Xbë¶mda {ejUnX²>YVrVhr

¶mo½¶ Vo ~Xb KS>V OmVmV. nydu {ejUà{H«$¶o‘Ü¶o "{ejU' hm H|$Ðq~Xÿ ‘mZbm OmV hmoVm. H$mbm§VamZo Aä¶mg {df¶m§Zm

‘hÎd àmßV Pmbo. ¶m JXmamoimV Á¶m§À¶mgmR>r {ejU Xçmd¶mMo, {df¶ {eH$dm¶Mo Ë¶m {dXçmÏ¶mªMr Hw$UrM XIb KoV

ZìhVo. hiyhiy {dMmad§Vm§Zm Ë¶mVrb Xmof {Xgy bmJbo. {ejUà{H«$¶m Oa ¶eñdrarË¶m am~dm¶Mr Agob Va ‘wbm§Zm g‘OyZ

KoVbo nm{hOo. ~mbH$m§Mr Hw$dV, ì¶p³V oX, Ë¶m§À¶m AmH$m§jm d JaOm H$moUH$moUË¶m AmhoV ho bjmV KoD$Z Ë¶mZwgma {ejU

{Xbo nm{hOo. hm {dMma nwT>o Ambm d "{dXçmWuH|${ÐV' {ejU nX²>YVrMm ñdrH$ma Ho$bm Jobm.

eñÌmZo àXoe qOH$Vm ¶oVmo nU ‘Z qOH$Vm ¶oV Zmhr

gÎmoZo àemgZ gmYVm ¶oVo nU ‘mUyg C^m H$aVm ¶oV Zmhr

n¡emZo ‘mUyg {dH$V KoVm ¶oVmo nU ‘mUyg ‘mUgmer OmoS>Vm ¶oV Zmhr

nU ¶m gmè¶m Jmoï>r gmÜ¶ hmoVmV Ë¶m Ho$di {ejUmZo.

{ejU ho ‘mUgmbm A{YH$ CÞV H$aVo, n[anyU© H$aVo, Ë¶mÀ¶m dV©ZmV n[adV©Z

KS>{dVo.

{ejU ho ‘mUgmbm nm¶mnmgyZ {j{VOmn¶ªV ~Km¶bm {eH$dVo. {ejUm‘wioM ‘mUgmÀ¶m

H$m¡eë¶m§Mm JwUm§Mm {dH$mg hmoVmo. g‘mOmVrb gmè¶m {dH¥$Vrdarb EH$ Am{U A§{V‘ Cnm¶ åhUOo g§ñH$mag§nÞ

{ejU hmo¶. {ejUmZo Amnë¶m OrdZmV gwg§JVr, {eñV {Z‘m©U hmoVo. ì¶³VrMm gdmªJrU {dH$mg, amîQ´>mMr Mm¡’o$a

àJVr, g‘mOmMm gdmªJrU Aä¶wX¶, gwßV JwUm§Mm CÎm‘ {dH$mg Am{U ^{dî¶mbm AmH$ma XoUmar g§ñH$ma g§nÞ {Z

H$V©ì¶{ZîR>m {nT>r V¶ma H$aÊ¶mgmR>r {ejUm{edm¶ Xþgam H$moUVmhr {MañWm¶r Cnm¶ Zmhr. WmoS>³¶mV XoemÀ¶m

gdmªJrU Aä¶wX¶mgmR>rM {ejU.

{dXçmÏ¶mªMm gdmªJrU {dH$mg KS>dyZ AmUVo. ho {ejU à{H«$¶oMo Ü¶o¶ Amho. {ejUmMm "H|$Ðq~Xÿ' {dXçmWu Amho.

Va {ejH$ {ejUmMm "AmË‘m' Amho. H$maU {ejUmMr à{H«$¶m {ejH$m§À¶m g{H«$¶ ghH$m¶m©{edm¶ nyU© hmoD$ eH$V Zmhr

åhUyZM {ejH$m§Mo ñWmZ AZÝ¶gmYmaU Amho.

"Teachers are the builders of nations"

{ejU g‘mO KS>dUmao Jwê$ AmhoV. àmMrZ H$mir Jwê§$Zm AmB©dS>rb XodmÀ¶m ñWmZr ‘mZbo Amho. Jwê§$Zm {deofmWm©Zo

AmMm¶©, kmZXmVm, {ejH$ CnXoeH$ BË¶mXrZo g§~moYbo OmB©.

{ejH$ Am{U{dXçmWu ho{ejUà{H«$¶oVrb XmoZ‘yb yV KQ>H$AmhoV.


AmOÀ¶m {ejU àUmbrV {dXçmÏ¶mªMm gdmªJrU {dH$mg ho ‘hm{dXçmb¶mMoÜ¶o¶ Amho. g‘mO, nmbH$ g§ñWmMmbH$ ¶m§À¶m Anojm {dXçmb¶mer d {ejH$m§er{ZJ{S>V AmhoV. øm {dXçmWuH|$Ðr {ejUmV {ejH$m§Mr y{‘H$m A{Ve¶ ‘hÎdmMrAmho. Hw$Qw>§~mbm AmYma XoUmam g‘mOmMr godm H$aUmam, amîQ>mÀ¶m H$m‘r ¶oUmam‘mZdmMm {hVmgmR>r PQ>Umam ‘mUyg Ho$di {ejH$M KS>dy eH$Vmo. {dXçmÏ¶mªVrbH$bmJwUm§Mm {dH$mg, g§ñH$mamMr {eH$dU, ‘mZdr ‘yë¶m§Mo g§H«$‘U, ñdmdb§~Z,CXçmoJ{à¶Vm, l‘à{Vð>m ¶mMr OmU {ejH$M à^mdrnUo H$ê$ eH$Vmo. dJm©À¶m

Mma q^VrÀ¶m AmV d H«$sS>m§JUmda amîQ>mMo {dVì¶ AmH$ma KoV AgVo. ¶mMm {ejH$M H$ënH$, aMZmH$mad {eënH$ma AgVmo. ‘mOr amîQ>nVr AãXþb H$bm‘ ¶m§Zr åhQ>ë¶mà‘mUo ‘wbm§da g§ñH$ma éO{dë¶mMo H$m‘ AmB©, dS>rb d{ejH$m§ZrM H$aUo Amdí¶H$ Amho. AmB©-dS>rb ‘wbm§Zm OÝ‘ XoVmV. nmogVmV, dmT>{dVmV nU {ejH$ ¶m ~mb{nT>rbmOrdZmMr ‘yë¶o, OrdZmMm ‘mJ© XmI{dVmo åhUyZ A§{V‘ ¶emMm CX²JmVm {ejH$M Amho. nU ho gd© gmYÊ¶mgmR>r ‘wbm§g‘moa{ejUjoÌmV H$m‘ H$aÊ¶mMm {ejH$mMo dV©Z A{Ve¶ Mm§Jbo d AmXe© Agbo nm{hOo. ‘yë¶m§À¶m g§X^m©V "Values are

caught, they are not taught' Ago åhQ>bo OmVo.‘moR>çm§À¶m Mm§Jë¶m dmJÊ¶mVyZM ‘wbm§da Mm§Jbo g§ñH$ma éO{dbo OmVmV. Ë¶mgmR>r {ejH$m§Zmhr Mm§Jbo KS>bo nm{hOo.

{dXçmÏ¶mªZmhr A{Ve¶ Mm§Jbo KS>{dbo nm{hOo. ‘wbm§Zm Mm§Jbo diU bmdUo, Á¶m§Zm ‘mUyg åhUyZ KS>{dUo ho ‘hÎdmMo H$m‘{ejH$ H$arV AgVmV. {ejH$ ho {dXçmÏ¶mªMo ñ’y${V©ñWmZ, àoaUmñWmZ AgVmV. ‘wbo Ooìhm emioV ¶oVmV. Ë¶mdoir Ë¶m§Zmào‘inUo g‘OdyZ KoUmao, Ë¶m§À¶m {ZH$mon Ñï>rZo nmhUmao Ë¶m§À¶mVrb C{Udm emoYyZ ¶mo½¶ ‘mJ©Xe©Z H$aUmao Ë¶m§Mm AmË‘{dídmgdmT>{dUmao {ejH$ AmO hdo AmhoV. {ejH$m§À¶m g§ñH$ma à^mdmVyZ AZoH$ {dXçmWu KS>V AgVmV. PmS>o Oar Z¡g{J©H$arË¶mAmnë¶m JVrZo dmT>V Agbr Var Ë¶m§Zm IVnmUr KmbÊ¶mg ‘mù¶mMr Amdí¶H$Vm AgVo. {ejH$ åhUOo Ho$di ì¶dhmaqH$dm ì¶dgm¶ Zmhr. {ejH$mbm {dXçmÏ¶m©Mo gmao OrdZM KS>dm¶Mo AgVo.

AmOÀ¶m YH$mYH$sÀ¶m OrdZmV, ApñWa n[apñWVrV AmOMm {dXçmWu ‘mZ{gH$ÑîQ>çm Agwa{jV Amho. aH$Q>bobmAmho. g^modVmbÀ¶m ApñWa n[apñWVr‘wio Ë¶mÀ¶m ‘ZmV gVV H$mhrVar IXIXV AgVo. dmB©Q> ‘wbm§À¶m g§JVr‘wio Ë¶m§ModV©Z {~KS>Ê¶mMr e³¶Vm AgVo. H$Yr ‘wbo g§Kfm©À¶m H$S>çmda C^r AgVmV. Ë¶m§À¶m ‘ZmV {dMmam§Mo ‘mohmoi CR>bobo AgVo.Aemdoir Ë¶m§Zm g‘OyZ KoUmao, g‘ñ¶m§VyZ ‘mJ© H$mT>Umao, Ë¶m§Zm ¶mo½¶ g„m XoUmao Hw$UrVar hdo AgVo. {ZH$mon OrdZÑï>rMrg§Wm XoÊ¶mMo H$m¶© {ejH$mbm H$am¶Mo Amho Omo {ejH$ gVV {dXçmÏ¶mªÀ¶m {hVmMo qMVZ H$aVmo, OmJê$H$ AgVmo VmoM{dÚmÏ¶mª‘Ü¶o {dYm¶H$ ~Xb KS>dyZ AmUVmo.

"OrdZmÀ¶m ‘hmgmJamVyZ Amnbr OrdZZm¡H$m hmH$Umè¶m Ibmem§Zm ‘hmgmJamV {dIwaboë¶m XrnñV§ m‘wioM Amnbo‘mJ© gmnS>V AgVmV.'

AmOÀ¶m øm {dXçmWuH|$Ðr {ejUàUmbrV AÜ¶mnZ hm nmoQ>mWu Y§Xm ZgyZ Vmo Y‘© Amho. AÜ¶mnZ ho g‘{n©V mdZoZoH$amd¶mMr CnmgZm Amho. Vo Ho$di CnOr{dHo$Mo gmYZ Zmhr. Va Xoe CËWmZmMm Eo{Vhm{gH$ à¶moJ Amho. Or Ho$diAjaAmoiI H$ê$Z XoUmar Am{U Mma J{UVo, XmoZ H${dVm {eH$dUmar emim Zìho. Zdr H$V©~Jma {nT>r KS>{dUmar à¶moJemim

Amho Aer y{‘H$m KoD$Z H$m‘ H$aUmam {ejH$ Agm¶bm hdm.

*****


Introduction :

In these 50 years, the State Board has left no stone unturned as far as the efforts

to improve the educational standards are concerned. National Curriculum Framework

(NCF) aptly launched the concept of constructivity in 2005. Changes

in the syllabii, training, different paper patterns, child-centred approach,

constructivity with creativity could not bring about the desired change.

Overflowing classrooms, lack of communication between teachers

and teachers, teachers and students or teachers and the Board, exam-

oriented mindset of students, teachers and parents etc. may be some

of the causes. However one of the reasons behind the inability to

reach the set target is the apathy of the experts regarding improving

the educational standard.

Today's scenario :

Despite Board's praiseworthy efforts to elevate the level of schools or Junior

Colleges, many schools in Maharashtra are facing severe problems. As few people are

needed to rearrange the curriculum, frame the paper-pattern and question-papers, these

works are done almost neatly. Valuation of S.S.C. and H.S.C. papers has been made

compulsory. So the number of complaints has considerably decreased and due to new

rules (e.g. Xerox), there has been transparency. However, for implementation of effective

teaching, many experts are needed. In fact, experts are the backbone of all trainings.

The need of experts :

Trainings are arranged with a definite purpose. Teachers also go there and should go

there with a wish to acquire new knowledge, update information, new learning and

teaching methods, expectation of exchange of educational precepts and to know the

Mrs. Vaishnavee V. BorgaonkarKoshatwar Daulatkhan High School andGodhaairao Mukhare Jr. College, Pusad

Apathy of Educational Experts RegardingImprovement of Educational Standard

Expertsshouldcome outof theirshells andcontributeto theirbest.


objectives set by the educationists. Only the expert teachers have the ability to quench

everybody's thirst for knowledge. So these experts should come out of their shells and

contribute to their best.

Trainings :

Regularly the Board arranges trainings at State, Divisional and District levels. The

trainings of state level are mostly satisfying, standard and pleasant too. Even the lodging

and the cuisine are satisfactory. The experts are talented and give full justice to the

completion of their mission truly justifying the fact that 'Teaching is a mission, not a

profession'.

Those who attend the state level trainings are generally called on the basis of their

experiences. Does talent always accompany experience ? Do they absorb the knowledge

imparted or is it mere adsorption ? Can they really prepare those who work at District

levels ? Some do try their best and gladden the hungry hearts and brains. But some fail

at the Divisional level. So the trainees at Divisional level don't have adquate information

to transfer to the ones who will work at district level and it hurts.

Those who attend trainings find them monotonous, tiresome, boring, painful and

less useful. They are unwilling to attend. Many come late, next day or two days after and

yawn on the last benches. Some come only for certificates. Much time, money and

efforts go in vain.

Unwillingness of experts :

Many talented minds are working in cities, town or even in far off villages. Some

wish to work and have the ability too. But the Board doesn't know them. Headmasters or

principals don't readily send them as school work suffers. Some experts at the divisional

level are forced to work even at the District level due to absence of some teacher -

experts. They grumble. Often these experts are experienced and careless for the monetary

gain. If they are above 45 or 50, they have their age - problems and find themselves unfit

to work. In changed surroundings. Some are called merely on the basis of experience and

have no talent or knowledge. So either they don't go or they fail if they go. Trainees don't

allow them to teach and literally vacate the classroom. The main reason appears to be 'no

wish' to work beyond the utmost necessity.


Remedial measures :

The Board should take a test and select (good) experts. The experts should be

informed two months earlier. None wants to spoil the precious planned holiday -

programmes. Young, talented and devoted teachers should be preferred. Age or experience

should not be the criterion for selection. The Borad can also take the help of some

lecturers from senior colleges who are enthusiastic and love teaching. (at least for

subject - trainings). Primary, High School and Jr. College teachers should work in

harmony. Many Jr. Colleges are attached to schools. Experience of Jr. College teachers

can be useful to High School teachers for clarifying ideas about the subject. No 'expert'

should be recommended because he has contacts with some VIP officials. There should

be a rapport between the Board and the experts.

Conclusion :

We are shaping the destiny of the country. So the experts should come forward and

generously impart their skills and knowledge to others. Only if good experts contribute

from heart, the trainings will be uploaded with healthy discussions, lively practicals,

qualitative approach, neatly planned resource material (provided in advance) just evaluation

after completion of the trainings and even parents participation schools will come to

know about the curricular and co-curricular activities of one another and learn new things.

Constructivity and creativity will go hand in hand. The educational standard will improve

when the experts will take keen interest and put their heart and soul in the work.

*****

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nmR>dmì¶mV. àmßV Pmboë¶m à{V{H«$¶m§Zm ¶m ‘m{gH$mVyZ à{gX²Yr XoÊ¶mV ¶oB©b.


Dr. Samuel Roy

Member of Board of Studies, Maharashtra state

Mobile 9420446581

1) INTRODUCTION :

Teaching English Grammar in Secondary and Higher secondary level is a great task now,

when speaking and writing effectively is probably more important today than ever before. While

the importance of communication skills increases, many students find it difficult to set about

acquiring them. So the Secondary and Higher Secondary teachers of English should try to

teach the ‘nuts and bolts’ of language to the students first. The ‘nuts and bolts’ of English

language is its grammar, spelling, punctuation and pronunciation, which should be taught in a

user-friendly style with an emphasis on practical problem-solving method. Therefore the

teachers should apply the three principles consistently in the Grammar classes-those of

Explanation, Exemplification, and Examination.

To many students, grammar appears threatening and even impossible to understand.

This is often because of the way in which it has been presented to them. Grammar is a set

of rules which describe how a language works. The rules which describe how words are

arranged to make sentences. The technical name for this is “Syntax”. eg

‘The Cat Sat on the Mat’

The rules which describe how words are changed to fit into sentences are called

“morphology”, which explains why these following two sentences have different meaning; e.g.:

‘The Cat Sat On the Mat’ ‘The Cat Sits On the Mat’.

2) STRUCTURAL GRAMMAR :

The term ‘Structural Grammar’ was originally introduced by Noam Chomsky. It is

otherwise known as ‘Constituency grammar’ In Linguistics, phrase,’ structure grammars ‘ are

all those grammars that are based on the Constituency relation, as opposed to the dependency

relation associated with dependency grammars. The fundamental trait is that these frameworks

share the sentence structure in terms of the constituency relation. The constituency relation

derives from the subject-predicate division of Latin and Greek grammars that is based on logic.

Basic 'clauses' structure is understood in terms of a binary division of the clause into subject

(Noun phrase) and predicate (verb phrase).

In 1957' Noam Chomsky published ‘syntactic structures’, in which he developed the idea

that each sentence in a language, has two levels of representation- a deep structure represent

the core semantic relations of a sentence and mapped on to the surface structures which

TEACHING ENGLISH GRAMMAR INSECONDARY & HIGHER SECONDARY LEVEL


followed the phonological form the sentence. Structural grammar describes on the analysis of

the description of the “structure” of the sentence. The conventional way of presenting English

grammar in terms of structure has a certain drawback in itself. In such a grammar, notions of

time may be dealt within as many as four different places: under the tense of the verb, under

time adverb, under prepositional phrases denoting time, and under temporal conjunctions and

clauses. The student who is primarily interested in making use of the language rather than in

learning about its structure is not likely to find such an arrangement particularly helpful.

3) FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR

Functional theories of grammar are those approaches to the study of language that see

the function of language and its elements to be the key in structures. Functional theories of

language propose that since language is fundamentally a tool, it is reasonable to assume that

its structures are best analyzed and understood with reference to the function they carry out.

It differs from the formal theories of grammar, in that the latter seeks to define the different

elements of language and describe the way they relate to each other as systems of formal rules

or operations, whereas the former defines the functions performed by language and then relates

these functions to the linguistic elements that carry them out. This means that functional

theories of grammar tend to pay attention to the way language is actually used in communicative

context, and not just to the formal relations between linguistic elements. Functional English

grammar provides second language teachers with a functional description of English grammar

in which grammar is viewed not as a set of rules but as a communicative resource. It explores

ways in which English grammar enables speakers and writers to represent their experience of

the world, to interact with one another and to create coherent messages.

4) COMMUNICATIVE GRAMMAR :

It is sometimes argued that grammar is not important in a communicative approach to

language. Communicative competence is composed minimally of grammatical competence,

socio-linguistic competence, and communication strategies. There is no strong theoretical or

empirical motivation for the view that grammatical competence is very more or less crucial to

competence or strategic competence. The primary goal of a communicative approach must be

to facilitate the integration of these types of knowledge for the learner, an outcome that is not

likely to result from over emphasis on one form of competence over the other throughout a

second language programme.

We, as teachers of English expect students to Improve and extend their range of

competence and their use of communication strategies in the language, eventhough we believe

in the “grammar fatigue” in them. The student may therefore benefit from looking at grammar

from another angle, where grammatical structures are systematically related to meaning, use

and situations. In this way we expect students to improve and extend their range of competence

and their use of communication strategies in the language. An important element in the


communicative approach is the student’s ability to use and understand the spoken language.

Communication is not a simple process. It is helpful to think of four circles one inside another,

representing different kinds of meaning function and the different ways of organizing such

functions, The first circle is that of notional or conceptual meaning. Here we find the basic

meaning categories of grammar. The second circle represents logical aspects of communication.

The third circle involves the social dimension of communication, relating grammar to the

attitudes and behavior of speaker and hearer. At the speaker’s end language expresses

attitudes and emotions, and is a means of carrying out social goals. At the receiving end,

language can control or influence the actions and attitudes of the learner. This ‘controlling’

aspect of communication is performed through such speech acts as commanding, requesting,

advising, promising etc. Although the logical aspect of meaning is made use of it is extended

or perhaps even ‘distorted ‘to perform different kinds of social function. The fourth circle deals

with the organization of communication.

English, like other languages, makes use of two channels: speech and writing. They have

different transmission systems. Speech is transmitted by sound -waves, originated in speaking

and received in hearing. Writing is transmitted by letters and other visible marks, produced in

writing and received in reading. Good, all-round communicative competence involves all four

skills: speaking and writing ( production), learning and reading (reception). Spoken and written

English do not have different grammars , but the shared English grammar is used differently

on the two channels. Spoken language is the most widely used form of language. Normal

speech is processed in real time and is transitory, leaving no trace other than what we may

remember. Writing, on the other hand, take longer to produce and can be read not just once

but many times. Writing leaves permanent record. Spoken communication requires fast, almost

instantaneous production and understanding. When we write, we usually have time to revise,

check and re- write what we have written. Likewise, when we receive a piece of writing we can

read it, re-read it, ponder over it and discuss it.

5) CONCLUSION :

The English language has an increasingly influential position in the world. In all, English has

official or special status in at least 75 countries ( with a combined population of 2.5 billion people.).

It is estimated that one out of four people worldwide speak English with some degree of

competence. The new English speaking communities have filled gaps in vocabulary, not only by

borrowing and by loan translation from the language they encountered, but also by the creation

of new English words and phrases. So we can only speculate that the English language will

continue to respond in dynamic and unpredictable ways as its use increases across the world.

In short, we the English language teachers should concentrate more on the communicative skills

to tight the ‘nuts and bolts’ of the language for the improvement of our students.

*****


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g§H«$‘U gVV H¥${Verb d {H«$¶mË‘H$ hmoUo AË¶mdí¶H$ Amho. AmXe© Am{U AmMmag§{hVm EH${ÌVnUo dV©ZmV ghOVoZo

A{dîH$m[aV hmoUo hr {ejUmMr y{‘H$m Agbr nm{hOo. ‘yë¶m§Mr éOdU Z¡{VH$VoÀ¶m ‘mJm©da ¶oUo Am{U Vgo OJUo-

dmJUo-~mobUo hmoUo åhUOoM Iè¶m AWm©Zo g§ñH$mamMr àdm{hV ñdÀN> J§Jm OrdZmV AdVaë¶mMm M‘ËH$ma KS>Uo hmo¶.

hm M‘ËH$ma Á¶m ‘Zm‘Ü¶o d n¶m©¶mZo ‘mUgm‘Ü¶o KSy>Z ¶oVmo VoWoM gË¶‘² {ed‘² gw§Xa‘² ¶m à{MVrMm òmoV gwê$ hmoVmo Am{U

nm{dÍ¶mMr {dYm¶H$Vm àg{dV hmoVo.

{OWo gwg§ñH$m[aV {ejU {VWo gwg§ñH$m[aV {dMma Am{U ¶m {dMmamÀ¶m ~¡R>H$sda à{e{jV ‘ZmMr KS>U hmoVo.

ì¶p³V‘Îdmbm X¡dËdmMm à^md A§{JH$maVmo. åhUyZM g§ñH$maj‘ {ejU ho Mm[aÍ¶ KS>{dUmao R>aVo.

*****


ñdÀN>Vm A{^¶mZ - H$mimMr JaOñdÀN>Vm A{^¶mZ - H$mimMr JaOñdÀN>Vm A{^¶mZ - H$mimMr JaOñdÀN>Vm A{^¶mZ - H$mimMr JaOñdÀN>Vm A{^¶mZ - H$mimMr JaO(ñdÀN> ^maV, gw§Xa ^maV)(ñdÀN> ^maV, gw§Xa ^maV)(ñdÀN> ^maV, gw§Xa ^maV)(ñdÀN> ^maV, gw§Xa ^maV)(ñdÀN> ^maV, gw§Xa ^maV)^maV - ñdÀN>Vm A{^¶mZ^maV - ñdÀN>Vm A{^¶mZ^maV - ñdÀN>Vm A{^¶mZ^maV - ñdÀN>Vm A{^¶mZ^maV - ñdÀN>Vm A{^¶mZ

lr. OJÞmW H$moirgh{ejH$ - {X ‘m°S>ob hm¶ñHy$b, ‘mirZJa,Vm. ‘mi{eag, {O. gmobmnya - 413 198

g§nH©$ : 9922365580

àmñVm{dH$ :‘Zwî¶ hm Agm àmUr Amho H$s, Vmo EH$Q>m H$YrM amhÿ eH$V Zmhr.

‘Zwî¶ hm g‘mOerb àmUr Amho. Ë¶mbm g‘mOmV amhm¶bm AmdS>Vo.

VgoM Ë¶mbm g‘mOmVrb gd© ñVam~amo~a amhmdo bmJVoM. ‘Zwî¶ hm

ñdÀN>erb XoIrb Amho. àË¶oH$ ‘mUgmbm ñdÀN> amhm¶bm AmdS>Vo. Vmo ñdV: H$YrM AñdÀN> amhV Zmhr. Amnbo

Ka, Amnbm n[aga, Jmd ho ñdÀN> Agmdo Ago Ë¶mbm dmQ>Vo. na§Vw gd©Ì Ë¶mbm AñdÀN>Vm {XgVo.

‘mUgo ñdV:À¶m KamVrb H$Mam H$mTy>Z añË¶mda qH$dm BVaÌ H$moR>ohr Q>mH$VmV. ‘Zwî¶ ñdV:Mo Ka ñdÀN> R>odVmo

na§Vw BVam§Mr, g‘mOmMr Ë¶mbm qMVm ZgVo. H$maU Ka "‘mP§' Amho åhUyZ Vo ñdÀN> amhm¶bm hd§. nU añVm,

n[agam~m~V Vmo doJim {dMma H$aVmo. añVm, n[aga Amnbm Amho Ago g‘OyZ Ë¶mÀ¶mda ‘r KmU, H$Mam Q>mHy$ eH$Vmo.

Vmo Ë¶mMm h³H$M g‘OVmo. ‘mP§ åhQ>b§ H$s Vo ñdÀN> H$am¶M§ nU Amnb§ åhQ>b§ H$s Vo AñdÀN> H$amdo. g‘mOmer

‘mP§ H$mhr KoU§-XoU§ Zmhr Agm {dMma gd© g‘mOmVrb ì¶³Vr H$ê$ nmhV Amho. åhUyZ ^maVmMo n§VàYmZ Za|Ð ‘moXr

15 Am°JñQ>À¶m ñdmV§Í¶ {XZm {Xder Ë¶m§Zr XoemVrb bmoH$m§Zm AmdmhZ Ho$b§ Amho. 2019 n¶ªV Amnë¶m maV XoemZo

g§nyU© OJmV ñdÀN>Vo‘Ü¶o àW‘ H«$‘m§H$mZo ¶mdo. Ë¶mgmR>r g‘mOmVrb gd© ZmJ[aH$m§Zr ¶m A{^¶mZmV gh^mJr hmoUo

Amdí¶H$ Amho.

ñdÀN>Vm A{^¶mZmMr Amdí¶H$VmOJm§‘Ü¶o gd© {dH${gV Xoe ñdÀN>Vm d n¶m©daU g§ajU ¶m XmoZ JmoîQ>tgmR>r AJ«H«$‘ XoV AmhoV. Amnbm Xoe

ñdÀN> am{hbm Va Amamo½¶ Mm§Jbo amhVo. Amamo½¶ Mm§Jbo am{hbo Va ‘mUyg (‘Zwî¶) {ZamoJr hmoVmo. {ZamoJr ‘mUgmMm

‘|Xÿ (‘Z) Mm§Jbo H$m‘ H$aVmo. Ë¶mÀ¶m ‘Zm‘Ü¶o dmB©Q> {dMma, dmB©Q> ^mdZm ¶oUma ZmhrV. Ë¶mMo ‘Z ñdÀN> d n{dÌ

amhrb d Vmo {Xdg^amV CËgmhmZo àgÞVoZo H$m‘ H$aob. Ë¶m‘wio Ë¶mÀ¶m hmVyZ H$m‘ Mm§Jbo hmoB©b. Mm§Jbo H$m‘

Pmë¶mg AmnmoAmnM XoemMm {dH$mg hmoB©b.

Á¶m XoemÀ¶m g§ñH¥$Vr‘Ü¶o n¶m©daU d ñdÀN>Vm ¶m Jmoï>r àË¶oH$ ~mbH$mÀ¶m ‘Zmda q~~dë¶mg Vmo Xoe H$YrM

‘mJo nS>Uma Zmhr. XoemMr àJVr hmoB©b d 2020 gmbMm maV Xoe OJmVrb n{hë¶m H«$‘m§H$mMm Xoe ñdÀN> d AmZ§Xr


Xoe åhUyZ OJmV ^maVmMo Zmd hmoB©b. ¶m CnH«$‘mV KamV àË¶oH$ ì¶³VrZo gh^mJr hmoUo Amdí¶H$ Amho. Ka ñdÀN>

am{hbo, n[aga ñdÀN> am{hbo Va ‘mUyg AmOmar nS>Uma Zmhr. XdmImÝ¶mV Omdo bmJUma Zmhr. Ë¶m‘wio ‘mUgm§Zr

H$ï>mZo {‘i{dbobm n¡gm ¶mo½¶ ‘mJm©bm OmB©b d ‘mUgm§Mr Am{W©H$ pñWVr gwYmaob.

OJmVrb n¶©Q>H$ Amnë¶m XoemH$S>o KmUrMo gm‘«mÁ¶ AgUmam d AñdÀN> amhUmam Xoe åhUyZ {hUdVmV. ¶m

gd© n¶©Q>H$m§Zm AmH${f©V H$aÊ¶mgmR>r maVmMm H$moZm-H$moZm ñdÀN> amhrb Ago H$amdo. åhUOo Amnë¶m XoemMr à{V‘m

BVa XoemV d OJmV Mm§Jbr hmoB©b. IoS>çmV, ehamV, àË¶oH$ Jëbr‘Ü¶o AñdÀN> am{hë¶mZo AmOmar nS>Ê¶mMo à‘mU

dmT>bo. Ë¶m‘wio {‘i{dbobm n¡gm (40 Q>³Ho$ a³H$‘) XdmImÝ¶mgmR>r IM© hmoD$ bmJë¶mZo, XoemVrb J[a~rMo à‘mU

dmT>VM Mmbbo Amho. Ë¶mgmR>r ho ñdÀN>Vm A{^¶mZ am~dUo Iyn Amdí¶H$ Amho.

^maV Xoe ñdÀN>Vm A{^¶mZmMr d¡{eîQ>ço, ‘hÎdmMr VÎdo1. ^maVmVrb àË¶oH$ ZmJ[aH$mZo Amamo½¶‘¶ OrdZ OJmdo.

2. ^maVmVrb àË¶oH$ ZmJ[aH$mZo {ZamoJr d amoJ‘w³V OrdZ OJmdo.

3. ^maVmVrb àË¶oH$ ‘yb ñdÀN> d n{dÌ ^mdZoZo emioV Omdo.

4. àË¶oH$ ZmJ[aH$mZo OrdZ ñdÀN>, àgÞVoZo d AmZ§XmZo OJmdo.

5. ^maVmVrb àË¶oH$ ZmJ[aH$mMo nwéf, ‘{hbm, bhmZ ‘wbo, àm¡T>, d¥X²Y ‘mUgo ¶m§Mr ñdÀN>Vo~m~V gdmªMr

H$miOr KoUo.

6. ^maVmVrb gd© àmUr, O§Jbr àmUr, nmird àmUr, ñdÀN> gw§Xa ahmdo.

7. ^maVmVrb gd© ZmJ[aH$m§Mo ñdÀN>Vo~amo~a gm‘m{OH$, ^md{ZH$, gm§ñH¥${VH$ d Am{W©H$ {dH$mg ìhmdoV.

8. ñdÀN>VoMm Ü¶mg KoD$Z ‘mUgmÀ¶m ~wX²>YrMm {dH$mg gmYUo.

9. àË¶oH$ ZmJ[aH$mbm Ë¶mÀ¶m AmdS>rZo Ë¶mMo OrdZ g‘¥X²Y H$aUo.

10. Ho$di Om{hamVrZo, ñQ>§Q>~mOrZo, AmH${f©V Z H$aVm àË¶oH$ ZmJ[aH$mZo VZ, ‘Z, YZmZo ñdÀN>Vm A{^¶mZ

am~{dUo.

11. XoemMm gm‘m{OH$ ñVa C§MmdUo.

12. XoemMr à{V‘m CÀM ñWmZmda ZoD$Z nmohmoMdUo.

13. ñdÀN>VoMr gwédmV ñdV:nmgyZ gwê$ H$aUo.

14. ZmJ[aH$ ^oX^md, OmVnmVr, Y‘©doS>onUm {dgê$Z gdmªer ào‘mZo dmJUo.

15. EH$‘oH$m§Mo AmXa H$ê$Z ñdÀN>Vm A{^¶mZ am~dUo.

16. BVam§Zm Ìmg XoD$Z, ^m§S>Uo Z H$aVm ho ñdÀN>Vm A{^¶mZ am~dmdo.

17. àË¶oH$ ZmJ[aH$mZo ñdÀN>Vm A{^¶mZ {dídmgmZo, ào‘mZo am~dUo.

18. ñdÀN>VoMo H$m‘ XO}Xma nX²YVrZo am~dUo.

19. ñdÀN>Vm H$aUo hr àË¶oH$ ZmJ[aH$mMr O~m~Xmar d H$V©ì¶ Amho.

20. hm Xoe ‘mPm Amho Agm {dMma H$ê$Z ñdÀN>Vm A{^¶mZ am~dmdo.


ñdÀN>Vo~m~VMo ‘hmË‘m Jm§YtMo ‘VJm§YrOr IoS>çmVrb gm’$g’$mB© H$aÊ¶mgmR>r g’$mB© H$m‘Jma d gd© ZmJ[aH$m§gmo~V, H$mhr ‘{hZo ñdV: hmVmV

PmSy> KoD$Z gd© JmdmMr gm’$g’$mB© H$arV. H$Mam ñdV: ~mXbrV ^ê$Z EH$m IS²>S>çm‘Ü¶o nwaV. Amobm H$Mam d

H$moaS>m (dmibobm) H$Mam doJdoJù¶m IS²>S>çmV Q>mHy$Z Ë¶mMo IV ~ZdrV. Jm§YrOr Aml‘mVrb Ho$aH$Mam (gm§S>nmUr)

~mJoV Q>mH$sV AgV. ~m§Ybobr S´>oZoO ZgyZgwX²Ym Aml‘mV ‘mem, XþJªYr amhV ZgV.

EH$Xm naXoer ZmJ[aH$mZo Jm§YrOtZm àíZ {dMmabo, Vwåhmbm Oa ^maVmMm EH$ {XdgmMm ìhmB©gam°¶ Ho$bo Va

Vwåhr H$m¶ H$amb ? Jm§YrOr åhUmbo, ""ìhmBgam°¶À¶m KamOdiMr dñVr gm’$ H$aoZ.''

bmoH$m§Zm ñdÀN>Vm Am{U {ZamoJr OJÊ¶mMo ‘mJ© {eH$dÊ¶mda Ë¶m§Mm ^a hmoVm. Jm§YrOr ñdV: ñdÀN> amhÿZ

BVam§Zm ñdÀN>Vo~m~V à~moYZ H$arV. åhUyZ gd© ZmJ[aH$m§Zr Jm§YrOtà‘mUo ñdÀN> amhÿZ Amnbm ^maV Xoe ñdÀN>

~ZÊ¶mgmR>r à¶ËZ H$amdoV.

CS>Ë¶m nmIam§Zm, naVrMr V‘m Zgmdr.

ZOaoV gXm Zdr {Xem Agmdr.

KaQ>çmMo H$m¶ Amho, ~m§YVm ¶oB©b Ho$ìhmhr.

{j{VOmÀ¶m nbrH$S>o Pon KoÊ¶mMr {OX²>X Agmdr.

EH$ em¶a åhUVmo -

‘§Prbo CÝho H$mo {‘bVr h¢,

{OZHo$ gnZm| ‘| OmZ hmoVr h¡ &

X‘ n§Im| ‘o Zht hmoVm

CS>mU ~wb§X hmogbm|go hmoVr h¡ &&

ñdÀN>Vm A{^¶mZmMo ’$m¶Xo1. ‘mUgm§Mo Amamo½¶ Mm§Jbo amhrb.

2. ñdÀN>Vo‘wio ‘Z àgÞ amhrb. ‘mUgo CËgmhmZo H$m‘o H$aVrb.

3. Ka, KamMm n[aga, Jmd d JmdmMm n[aga ñdÀN> amhrb.

4. amoJamB© ngaUma ZmhrV. g§gJ©OÝ¶ amoJ hmoUma ZmhrV.

5. ^maV Xoe ñdÀN> d gw§Xa hmoB©b.

6. XdmImÝ¶mV OmÊ¶mMo à‘mU KQ>ob.

7. ñdV:Mo d BVam§Mo Amamo½¶ Mm§Jbo amhrb.

8. Xoem‘Ü¶o amoJr ‘mUyg {XgUma Zmhr.

9. XdmImÝ¶mV OmUmam n¡gm Mm§Jë¶m ‘mJm©bm OmB©b d XoemVrb ZmJ[aH$m§Mm Am{W©H$ ñVa C§Mmdob.

10. OJmV ^maV XoemMo Zmd hmoB©b.

11. OJm‘Ü¶o XoemMr à{V‘m gwYmaob.


12. OJmVrb ñdÀN> Xoem‘Ü¶o ^maVmMo Zmd hmoB©b.

13. gmWrMo amoJ AmQ>moo³¶mV ¶oVrb.

14. n¶©Q>Z {dH$mg hmoB©b.

15. Amnbm ^maV Xoe nmhÊ¶mgmR>r AZoH$ bmoH$ ¶oVrb.

16. n¶©Q>H$m§Mr g§»¶m dmT>ob.

17. XoemV BVa XoemMm n¡gm ¶oB©b d ^maV Xoe WmoS>çmM H$mimV OJmVrb Z§~a EH$ Xoe hmoB©b.

18. XoemMr H$bm, g§ñH¥$Vr, XoemMm B{Vhmg OJmÀ¶m H$mZmH$monè¶mV nmohmoMob.

19. JmdmVrb d Hw$Qw>§~mVrb gd© ‘wbo {ZamoJr amhVrb.

20. {ZamoJr ‘wbo emioV Joë¶mg Ë¶m§Mm e¡j{UH$ {dH$mg hmoB©b.

21. àË¶oH$ bhmZ ‘wbmbm ñdÀN>VoMr gd¶ bmJob d hrM ‘wbo ‘moR>r Pmë¶mZ§Va ^maV ñdÀN> R>odÊ¶mMm à¶ËZ

H$aVrb.

22. ñdÀN>Vo‘wio ‘mUgm§Mm ‘ZmV dmB©Q> ^mdZm, dmB©Q> {dMma ¶oUma ZmhrV. Ë¶m‘wio ^m§S>U, V§Q>o, {edrJmi ¶m§Zm

Amim ~gob.

ñdÀN>Vm A{^¶mZ gXçpñWVrJmdnmVirda AmnU Oa ZOa Q>mH$br Va Amnë¶m Jmdm‘Ü¶o AñdÀN>Vm Iyn {R>H$mUr {XgVo.

CXm.

1) Eg.Q>r. ñQ>±S> ¶oWo1. H$Mè¶mMo {T>J

2. H$Mam AñVmì¶ñV pñWVrV ngabobm

3. KmUrMo gm‘«mÁ¶

4. em¡Mmb¶ d ‘yÌmb¶mMr H$‘VaVm

5. ‘{hbm§gmR>r em¡Mmb¶ ZgUo.

2) ì¶mnmar (XþH$mZXma) ì¶mnmar noR>m1. àË¶oH$ XþH$mZmnwT>o H$Mam Iyn nS>bm Amho.

2. nmZ XþH$mZmg‘moa H$Mam Iyn {XgVmo.

3. hm°Q>ob ì¶mdgm{¶H$ ¶m§À¶mg‘moa H$Mam {XgVmo.

4. JQ>mao CKS>çm§da AmhoV.

5. H$Mam JQ>marV gmMVmo d JQ>ma dmhÊ¶mg ~§X hmoVo.

6. XþH$mZXma d ì¶mnmar ßb°pñQ>H$Mm dmna Iyn H$aVmV.

7. ßb°pñQ>H$ AS>H$ë¶m‘wio JQ>mao dmhV ZmhrV.


3) JmdmV d añË¶mdaMr n[apñWVr1. àË¶oH$mÀ¶m Kar em¡Mmb¶ ZgUo.

2. CKS>çmda em¡Mmg ~gUo.

3. añË¶mda d Mm¡H$m-Mm¡H$mV KmU d H$Mam Q>mH$Uo.

4. S´>oZoO bmB©ZMr Agw{dYm

4) embo¶ n[aga1. emioÀ¶m ~mOybm d dJm©Vrb AñdÀN>Vm

2. embo¶ n[agamV H$mJXm§Mr g§»¶m OmñV

3. embo¶ nmofU Amhma (^mVmMr {eVo gJirH$S>o gm§S>bobr AgVmV)

4. ‘wbtMo d ‘wbm§Mo em¡Mmb¶ ZgUo.

5. ‘wbtZm doJdoJir em¡Mmb¶ ZgUo.

VmVS>rZo gmoS>dÊ¶mgmR>rMo {ZH$S>rMo àíZ1) H$Mè¶mMm {dëhodmQ> bmdÊ¶mMm àíZ

H$Mè¶mMo òmoV^maV ñdÀN>Vm A{^¶mZmV AË¶§V VmVS>rZo gmoS>dmd¶mMo àíZ åhUOo H$Mè¶mMm {dëhodmQ> bmdÊ¶mMm àíZ Amho.

Ogo -

1. H$moaS>m H$Mam

2. Amobm H$Mam

3. KZ H$Mam

4. ßb°pñQ>H$

5. Bbop³Q´>H$b nmQ>©g²

6. bmoI§S>r (J§Obobm)

7. g§JUH$ à¶moJemioVrb {~KS>bobo d ~mX Pmbobo gm{hË¶

8. XdmImÝ¶mVrb dmnaë¶mZ§VaMo gm{hË¶

1) H$maImÝ¶mVrb CXçmoJY§XçmVrb amgm¶{ZH$ gm§S>nmÊ¶mMm àíZOgo -

1) gmIa H$maImZm

1. ‘ir

2. H$maImÝ¶mV V¶ma Pmbobm amgm¶{ZH$ ÐdnXmW© H$go {dëhodmQ> bmdmdm hm àíZ

3. àXþfU¶w³V hdm.


2) ßb°pñQ>H$ V¶ma H$aUmam H$maImZm1. ßb°pñQ>H$À¶m dñVy V¶ma H$aVmZm V¶ma hmoUmam amgm¶{ZH$ ÐdnXmW©

2. ßb°pñQ>H$ Yya

3. KmUoaS>m dmg

4. àXþfU¶w³V hdm

5. ßb°pñQ>H$ {nedr V¶ma Pmë¶mZ§Va dmnamV ¶oUo d Ë¶mMr {dëhodmQ> Z bmJUo.

6. ßb°pñQ>H$ JQ>marV AS>Hy$Z JQ>ma Vw§~Uo d Ë¶mÀ¶m dmgmZo AZoH$ amoJmMm àgma

3) JmdmVrb S>~H$s, gmMbobo nmUr ¶m§Mr {dëhodmQ> bmdUo1. Jmdm‘Ü¶o nmUr dmhÿZ (gm§S>nmUr) H$go KoD$Z Omdo Ë¶mMr {dëhodmQ> H$er bmdmdr hm ‘hÎdmdm àíZ.

2. gmMboë¶m nmÊ¶mMo H$m¶ H$amdo hm àíZ.

3. S>mgm§Mr CËnÎmr d Ë¶mX²dmao ‘bo[a¶m, S>|½¶y, AZoH$ g§gJ©OÝ¶ amoJm§Mr {Z{‘©Vr.

4. j¶, KQ>gn©, H$m°bam Agm gmWrÀ¶m amoJm§Mr {Z{‘©Vr

5. em¡Mmb¶ d em¡Mmb¶mVrb ‘¡bmMm àíZ

6. ‘¡bm H$moR>o Ý¶mdm d Ë¶mMr {dëhodmQ> H$er bmdmdr hm àíZ

7. XþH$mZXmamg‘moarb KmU/H$mJXr/ßb°pñQ>H$ H$Mam {dëhodmQ>rMm àíZ

Ago AZoH$ àíZ VmVS>rZo gmoS>dmd¶mMo AmhoV. Ë¶mgmR>r AZoH$ CnH«$‘ d ¶moOZm§X²>dmao ho àíZ gmoS>dmdo

bmJVrb.

H$Mam ì¶dñWmnZ

1. H$mJX, nmZo, ’w$bo - H$Mè¶m§Mr {dëhodmQ> bmdUoH$moaS>m H$Mam EH$m {R>H$mUr Jmoim H$ê$Z Ë¶mX²dmao drO{Z{‘©Vr Amnë¶mbm H$aVm ¶oB©b. EH$m Q²>Q>r‘Ü¶o H$Mam

noQ>dyZ dm’o$X²dmao drO{Z{‘©Vr H$aVm ¶oB©b.

2. Amobm H$Mam (ßb°pñQ>H$ Z dmnaVm)

Amobm H$Mam EH${ÌV H$ê$Z Jmdm~mhoa 5 Vo 7 {H$.‘r. A§Vamda 2 Vo 3 ‘rQ>a gmYmaU 7 Vo 9 ’y$Q> IS²>S>m

ImoXÿZ Ë¶mV Q>mHy$Z Xçmdo. d Ë¶mda ‘mVr Q>mHy$Z ~wOdyZ Q>mH$mdo d 5 Vo 6 ‘{hÝ¶mZ§Va H§$nmoñQ> IV (g|Ðr¶

IV) åhUyZ eoVrgmR>r dmnaVm ¶oB©b.

3. ßb°pñQ>H$ d ßb°pñQ>H$nmgyZ ~ZUmè¶m dñVy§Mr {dëhodmQ> bmdUoH$moaS>çm d Amoë¶m H$Mè¶mVyZ ßb°pñQ>H$ ~°J, ~mQ>ë¶m, H°$ar~°J ¶m gd© dñVy ~mOybm H$mTy>Z §JmamÀ¶m XþH$mZmV

ZoD$Z Q>mH$mdo qH$dm doJdoJù¶m {R>H$mUr O‘m H$amdoV. ßb°pñQ>H$ EH${ÌV H$ê$Z nwZ{Z©{‘©VrgmR>r CXçmoJY§XçmH$S>o

nmR>{dUo.

4. añVm ~m§YUrH$[aVm ßb°pñQ>H$Mm à^mdr dmnaßb°pñQ>H$ {nedrbm n¶m©¶ åhUyZ H$mJXr d H$mnS>r ~°J dmnamì¶mV.


5. Bbop³Q´>H$b nmQ>©g²Bbop³Q´>H$b nmQ>©g²‘Yrb {eëbH$ am{hbobo bmoI§S>, Vm§~o d BVa dñVy doJio H$ê$Z nwZà©{H«$¶m H$aVm ¶oB©b.

6. bmoI§S>J§Obobo qH$dm OwZo Pmbobo bmoI§S> ^§Jma XþH$mZmVyZ nwZà©{H«$¶mgmR>r CXçmoJY§Xo d H$maImÝ¶mV nmR>dmdo.

7. g§JUH$ à¶moJemioVrb ~mX Pmbobo d ~§X nS>bobo nmQ>©g² ¶m§Mo {dëhodmQ> bmdUo21ì¶m eVH$m‘Ü¶o g§JUH$mMo Omio gd©M joÌm§‘Ü¶o ngabobo Amho. g§JUH$mMm dmna ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV H$aV

AgVmZm g§JUH$mMr {~KS>bobo d ~§X nS>bobo gm{hË¶ hm H$Mam H$m¶ H$am¶Mm Agm àíZ {Z‘m©U Pmbm Amho.

Ë¶mgmR>r nwT>rb Cnm¶¶moOZm H$amdr Ago ‘mPo ‘V Amho.

1. g§JUH$ H$Mam (ñnoAa nmQ>©g²) - EH$m ~§X ImobrÀ¶m ^Q²>Q>r‘Ü¶o OmiyZ Q>mH$Uo.

2. Jmdm~mhoarb qH$dm ehamÀ¶m bm§~ 15 Vo 20 {H$.‘r. A§VamÀ¶m ~mhoa 7 Vo 8 ’y$Q> IÈ>m IUyZ Ë¶mg nwamdo.

3. H$mhr/H$mhr gm{hË¶mMm nwZdm©na H$aVm Amë¶mg g§JUH$mÀ¶m ZdrZ gmYZm§‘Ü¶o OwÝ¶m nmQ>©g²Mm ¶mo½¶ Ë¶m

dñVyMm dmna H$amdm.

8) XdmImÝ¶mVrb doñQ>oO (H$Mam) {dëhodmQ> bmdUoXdmImÝ¶m‘Ü¶o AmVm ^anya à‘mUmV H$Mam (doñQ>oO nmQ>©) ^anya à‘mUmV V¶ma hmoV Amho. Ë¶mgmR>r AZoH$

dñVy§Mm nwZdm©na qH$dm Ë¶m dñVy OmiUo qH$dm IS²>S>çmV nwaUo.

ßb°pñQ>H$À¶m dñVygbmB©Z, nQ²>Q>r, H$mM dJ¡ao doJdoJio H$ê$Z Ë¶m dñVy EH$m ‘moR>çm ^Q²>Q>rV Omimdo.

9) H$maImÝ¶mVrb amgm¶{ZH$ Ðì¶ {dëhodmQ> bmdUoH$maImÝ¶mVrb V¶ma hmoUmao amgm¶{ZH$ Ðì¶ Iyn à‘mUmV V¶ma hmoV Amho. Ago amgm¶{ZH$ Ðì¶ ZXr, Zmë¶mV

Z gmoS>Vm Jmdm~mhoa ‘mUgm§À¶m dñVrnmgyZ bm§~ KoD$Z Omdo d 10 Vo 15 ’y$Q> Imob IS²>S>çmV nwamdo. Vr amgm¶{ZH$

Ðì¶o OodT>çm bdH$a Zï> hmoB©b VodT>çm bdH$a Zï> H$amdo.

amgm¶{ZH$ Ðì¶ gmoS>VmZm nmÊ¶mMo òmoV nmhÿZM Vo IS²>S>çmV gmoS>mdo. àXþfU¶w³V hdm V¶ma hmoV Agë¶mg

AmYw{ZH$ V§ÌkmZmMm dmna H$ê$Z Ë¶mMr Vrd«Vm H$‘r H$aÊ¶mg à¶ËZ H$amdoV. emñÌk d g§emoYH$m§Zr n¶m©daU d

{dH$mg ¶m§Mm g‘Vmob H$gm amIVm ¶oB©b ¶mMm {dMma H$amdm.

ñdÀN> ^maV A{^¶mZ am~{dÊ¶mgmR>rÀ¶m {e’$maer qH$dm H$amd¶mMo CnH«$‘ Imbrbà‘mUo

emgH$s¶ nmViremgH$s¶ nmVirda emgZmZo H$amd¶mMo CnH«$‘1. ao{S>Amo, XÿaXe©Z, ‘mo~mB©b ¶m ZdrZ gmYZm§X²dmao bmoH$m§Mo à~moYZ H$aUo2. àemgH$s¶ A{YH$mar d Ë¶m§Mo {Q>‘dH©$ KoD$Z g‘mOà~moYZ H$aUo.CXm.

{Oëhm{YH$mar, {Oëhm n[afX, {Oëhm g‘mOH$ë¶mU Am°’$sg, {Oëhm Amamo½¶ A{YH$mar, {Oëhm {ejUm{YH$mar,


{Oëhm H¥$fr A{YH$mar, {Oëhm gmd©O{ZH$ d añVo ~m§YH$m‘ A{YH$mar. øm gd© A{YH$mè¶m§Zr doJdoJù¶m

joÌm§Mo d Vmbw³¶m§Mo dmQ>n H$ê$Z gdmªZr ‘ZmnmgyZ ñdV: ¶m A{^¶mZmV gm‘rb hmoD$Z gm‘mÝ¶ ZmJ[aH$m§Zm

gyMZm XoUo, ñdÀN>VogmR>r à~moYZ H$aUo.

3. àemgH$s¶ A{YH$marCXm.

VmbwH$mñVar¶ àemgH$s¶ A{YH$mar

1. Vh{gbXma

2. VmbwH$m Amamo½¶ A{YH$mar

3. VmbwH$m H¥$fr A{YH$mar

4. Vmbw³¶mVrb gd© àemgH$s¶ ¶§ÌUoVrb A{YH$mè¶m§Zr J«m‘ñdÀN>Vm d¡¶p³VH$ ñdÀN>Vm, H$m¡Qw>§{~H$ ñdÀN>Vm

¶m~X²>Xb ‘mJ©Xe©Z, gyMZm d à~moYZ H$aUo.

4. àemgH$s¶ A{YH$marCXm. JmdnmVirdarb àemgH$s¶ A{YH$mar

VbmR>r, J«m‘godH$, H$moVdmb, nmobrg-nmQ>rb, ¶m§À¶mH$Sy>Z JmdnmVirda ZmJ[aH$m§Zm ñdÀN>Vo~m~V gyMZm

XoUo, ‘mJ©Xe©Z H$aUo AË¶§V Amdí¶H$ Amho.

ZmJ[aH$m§Zr ñdÀN>Vm A{^¶mZmV gh^mJmg§X^m©Vrb {e’$maer CnH«$‘1. Amnbo Ka, Amnbm n[aga ñdÀN> R>odUo ho àË¶oH$ ZmJ[aH$mMo H$V©ì¶ Amho.

2. ZmJ[aH$m§Zr H$Mam Zo‘yZ {Xboë¶m OmJoda EH$mM {R>H$mUr H$Mam Q>mH$mdm.

3. ZmJ[aH$m§Zr KZ H$Mam (H$moaS>m H$Mam) d Amobm H$Mam doJim H$amdm.

4. XþH$mZXmam§Zr AmnAmnë¶m XþH$mZmg‘moa S>ñQ>~rZ qH$dm H$MamHw§$S>r R>odmdr.

5. nmZ XþH$mZ d hm°Q>ob ì¶mdgm{¶H$ ¶m§Zr Amnë¶m XþH$mZmg‘moa XmoZ doJdoJio S>ñQ>~rZ R>odmdo. (Amobm d H$moaS>m

H$Mam Q>mH$Ê¶mgmR>r)

6. ZmJ[aH$m§Zr añË¶mda H$Mam Q>mHy$ Z¶o.

7. ZmJ[aH$m§Zr ßb°pñQ>H$ {nedrMm dmna H$ê$ Z¶o.

8. ßb°pñQ>H$ {nedrbm H$m¶XçmZo ~§Xr Kmbmdr.

9. H$Mam ì¶dñWmnZ H$aVmZm, H$m¶Xm H$amdm, H$Mam Q>mH$VmZm ZmJ[aH$m§Zr Hw$MamB© Ho$ë¶mg X§S>mË‘H$ H$madmB© H$amdr.

10. H$Mam d ñdÀN>Vo~X²Xb ZmJ[aH$m§Zr OmJê$H$Vm ~miJmdr.

11. AmnAmnë¶m Kamg‘moarb JQ>mao H$er dmhVrb Ë¶mMm {dMma H$amdm.

12. ZmJ[aH$m§Zr gmMbobr S>~H$s, ~wOdyZ ¿¶mdr.

13. ZmJ[aH$m§Zm à{Vkm H$ê$Z AñdÀN> Z amhVm Amnbm ^maV Xoe ñdÀN> H$gm amhrb Ë¶mgmR>r à¶ËZ H$amdo.

14. ZmJ[aH$m§Zr ñdÀN>VonmgyZ ‘mZ{gH$Vm ~Xbmdr.


15. ‘mPm Xoe, ‘mPm Jmd, ‘mPo Hw$Qw>§~ d ‘mPm AmgnmgMm n[aga H$gm ñdÀN> hmoB©b ¶mgmR>r ñdÀN> H$amdm.

16. EImXm ‘mUyg Vw‘À¶m g‘moa KmU H$aV Agob Va Ë¶mbm g‘OmdyZ gm§Jmdo. EoH$V Zgob Va AmnU ñdV: H$Mam

CMbyZ Q>mHy$Z Xçmdm.

17. Amamo½¶m~m~V Zoh‘r OmJê$H$Vm amImdr.

18. S>mg d BVa H$sQ>H$ Amnë¶m AmOy~mOybm n[agamV V¶ma hmoUma ZmhrV ¶mMr H$miOr ¿¶mdr.

19. bmoH$m§Zr EH$‘oH$mbm ñdÀN>Vo~m~V OmJê$H$ H$amdo.

20. ZmJ[aH$m§Zr VZ, ‘Z d ñd¶§ñ’y$VuZo hm H$m¶©H«$‘ am~dmdm.

g‘mOmVrb à{V{ð>V ì¶³VtZr H$amd¶mMr H$m‘oA{^ZoVo/IoimSy>§Zr ñdÀN>Vm à{V{ZYr XÿVH$m‘o

g‘mOmVrb ‘§Ìr, Am‘Xma, A{^ZoVo, IoimSy>, ñdÀN>Vm à{V{ZYr, g^mnVr, {OëhmÜ¶j, VmbwH$mÜ¶j,

ZJagodH$, J«m‘n§Mm¶V gXñ¶, gan§M, Cngan§M Ago AZoH$ ZoVo‘§S>ir Imbrbà‘mUo ñdÀN>Vo~m~V H$m¶©dmhr

H$amdr Ago ‘mPo ñdV:Mo ‘V Amho.

1. AmnAmnë¶m H$m¶©joÌmV AmR>dS>çmVyZ 2 Vmg ñdÀN>Vm A{^¶mZmgmR>r XçmdoV.

2. ñdÀN>Vo~m~V ñdV:hÿZ ‘mJ©Xe©Z H$amdo, gyMZm H$aUo, à~moYZ H$aUo Amdí¶H$ Amho.

3. à{V{îR>V ì¶³VtMr N>mn gm‘mÝ¶ ZmJ[aH$m§da nS>br Va maV ñdÀN>Vm A{^¶mZ ¶eñdr hmoÊ¶mg doi bmJUma Zmhr.

4. gd© à{V{îR>V ì¶³VtZr ’$³V ’$moQ>mogmR>r d ñdV:À¶m Om{hamVrgmR>r H$m‘ Z H$aVm, ñdV: AmË‘m, na‘mËå¶mZo

ho ‘r Oo H$m‘ H$aVmo Amho Vo ‘ZmnmgyZ H$amdo.

5. ’$³V ‘mJ©Xe©Z H$ê$Z qH$dm à~moYZ H$ê$Z Z Wm§~Vm AndmXmË‘H$ EImXm ZmJ[aH$ {dZmH$maU ñdÀN>Vo~m~V

Ìmg XoV Agë¶mg Ë¶m ZmJ[aH$m§da nmobrg H$madmB© d X§S>mË‘H$ H$madmB© H$amdr.

6. à{Vð>rV ZmJ[aH$m§Zr Ho$bobo H$m‘ OZVobm d Xoembm 5 dfm©V {Xgm¶bm hdo.

7. J«m‘n§Mm¶Vrbm ñdÀN>VogmR>r {ZYrMr Img ì¶dñWm H$ê$Z àË¶oH$ J«m‘n§Mm¶VrÀ¶m ~±Ho$À¶m AH$m¢Q>‘Ü¶o n¡go

S>m¶ao³Q> O‘m H$amdoV.

8. ZmJ[aH$m§Zm/{dXçmÏ¶mªZm àmoËgmhZna ~{jgo XçmdrV.

ZJanm{bH$m d J«m‘n§Mm¶VrMr H$m‘oñdÀN>Vm A{^¶mZ am~{dVmZm ZJanm{bH$m, J«m‘n§Mm¶V ¶m§Zr Imbrbà‘mUo ghH$m¶© H$amdo1. JmdmV XþH$mZmg‘moarb H$moaS>m H$Mam d Amobm H$Mam CMbyZ KoD$Z OmUo.

2. ZJanm{bH$m§Zr OmñVrV OmñV K§Q>mJmS>rMo Cn¶moJ H$amdm.

3. àË¶oH$ Hw$Qw>§~mÀ¶m Kamg‘moa OmD$Z H$Mam Jmoim H$aUo.

4. ñdÀN>Vm Pmë¶mZ§Va H$mJX, ßb°pñQ>H$ dJ¡ao H$‘©Mmè¶m§Zr ñdV: Jmoim H$amdo.

5. S´>oZoO bmB©Z qH$dm JQ>mar Vw§~ë¶mg H$‘©Mmè¶mX²dmao bdH$amV bdH$a gm’$g’$mB© H$amdr.


6. ßb°pñQ>H$Mm dmna H$ê$ ZH$m qH$dm JQ>mar‘Ü¶o ßb°pñQ>H$ Q>mHy$ ZH$m ¶mMo AmdmhZ H$amdo.

7. H$‘©Mmè¶m§Zm ghH$m¶© H$amdo. doimodoir VH«$mar Amë¶mg VH«$mar {ZnQ>Uo ho H$‘©Mmar d A{YH$mè¶m§Mo H$V©ì¶ Amho.

8. ZJan[bHo$V d J«m‘n§Mm¶Vr‘Ü¶o gm’$g’$mB© H$aUmao H$‘©Mmè¶m§Mr g§»¶m XþßnQ> H$amdr qH$dm OmñVrV OmñV

H$‘©Mmè¶m§Mr ^aVr H$amdr.

9. gm’$g’$mB© H$aUmè¶m H$‘©Mmè¶m§À¶m nJmam‘Ü¶o ^anya à‘mUmV dmT> H$amdr.

10. Mm§Jbo doVZ {Xë¶mg H$‘©Mmar ‘ZmnmgyZ H$m‘ H$aVrb d ñdÀN>Vm A{^¶mZ ¶eñdrnUo am~dVm ¶oB©b.

ñdÀN>Vo~m~V ì¶mnmar VéU {‘Ì ‘§S>i, JUoe ‘§S>i, gm‘m{OH$ ~m§{YbH$sgmR>r EH$Ì Ambobr ‘§S>io {d{dY

g§ñWm, H$‘©Mmar ¶m gdmªZr ^maV ñdÀN> A{^¶mZmV ^mJ KoD$Z H$amd¶mMr H$m‘o

1) ì¶mnmar / XþH$mZXma1. XþH$mZXmam§Zr ñdV: XþH$mZmg‘moa H$MamHw§$S>rMr ì¶dñWm H$amdr.

2. {JèhmB©H$m§Zm H$Mam qH$dm H$mJX H$MamHw§$S>rVM Q>mH$Ê¶mg gm§Jmdo.

3. {JèhmB©H$ EoH$V Zgob Va AmnU ñdV: H$Mam H$MamnoQ>rV Q>mH$mdm.

4. AmR>dS>çmVyZ 1 {Xdg R>adyZ 2 Vo 4 Vmg XþH$mZo ~§X H$ê$Z gd© ì¶mnmè¶m§Zr hmVmV PmSy> KoD$Z JmdmV

ñdÀN>Vm H$amdr.

5. ì¶mnmar {‘Ì ‘§S>imV’}$ ñdÀN>Vm H$aUmè¶m ZmJ[aH$m§Zm ~{jgo R>odmdrV.

6. ~oH$ma, ~oamoOJma ¶wdH$ AgVrb Va Ë¶m§Zm ì¶mnmam§Zr gm‘wXm{¶H$ a³H$‘ O‘m H$ê$Z Aem ñdÀN>Vm H$m‘

H$aUmè¶m ¶wdH$m§Zm H$m‘ Xçmdo.

2) JUoe ‘§S>i, VéU {‘Ì ‘§S>i1. JmdmVrb JUoe ‘§S>i, VéU {‘Ì ‘§S>i d BVa ‘§S>im§Zr JmdmgmR>r d ñdÀN>Vm H$aÊ¶mgmR>r AmR>dS>çmVyZ

1 {Xdg {ZdSy>Z JmdmVrb H$Mam Jmoim H$ê$Z Ë¶mMr {dëhodmQ> bmdmdr.

2. ñdÀN>Vm{df¶H$ ‘§S>imMo ñnYm© d ~{jgo dmQ>n

gd© ‘§S>imVrb H$m¶©H$Ë¶mªZr Ogo AmnU CËgd gmOao H$aVmo Vgo ñdÀN>Vo{df¶r gm§ñH¥${VH$ H$m¶©H«$‘, {Z~§Y

ñnYm©, bmoH$m§‘Ü¶o OmJéH$Vm AmUmdr.

3. hm Xoe VéUm§Mm Amho. VéUm§Zr EH$Ì Amë¶mg Amnbm Xoe ñdÀN>Vo~m~V Z§~a EH$ (1) À¶m nmVirda Oê$a

AmUVrb.

3) ImOJr g§ñWm ~±H${d{dY ghH$mar g§ñWm, nVg§ñWm d ~±H$m ¶m‘Yrb H$m¶© H$aUmao gd© H$‘©Mmar ¶m gdmªZr {‘iyZ gwÅ>rÀ¶m {Xder

2 Vo 3 Vmg doi H$mTy>Z JmdmVrb gm’$g’$mB© H$aÊ¶mgmR>r doi Xçmdm.

ñdÀN>Vm A{^¶mZmV ñd¶§ñ’y$VuZo H$m‘ H$ê$Z bmoH$m§Zm gyMZm, ‘mJ©Xe©Z H$aUo, Jmd nmVirda ñdV: añË¶mda,

Jëbr‘Ü¶o ñdÀN>Vm H$amdr.


4) ‘{hbm ~MV JQ>gd© Jmdm§‘Ü¶o AmVmÀ¶m H$mim‘Ü¶o A{Ve¶ ^³H$‘nUo C^o am{hbobo gm‘m{OH$ EH$VmMo JQ> åhUOo ‘{hbm

~MV JQ>. ¶m ‘{hbm ~MV JQ>m‘m’©$V ñdÀN>Vm ‘mohr‘ hmVr KoVë¶mg ~è¶mM à‘mUmV ñdÀN>Vm A{^¶mZ

¶eñdr hmoB©b Ago ‘bm dmQ>Vo.

1. ~MV JQ>mVrb ‘{hbm§Zm ‘mJ©Xe©Z H$aUo.

2. ñdÀN>Vm A{^¶mZmMo ’$m¶Xo gm§JUo.

3. ñdÀN>VoMo à~moYZ H$aUo.

4. gd© ‘{hbm§Zr BVa ‘{hbm§À¶m ghH$m¶m©Zo JmdmV ñdÀN>Vm A{^¶mZ am~dmdo.

5. JmdmVrb H$Mam Jmoim H$ê$Z R>odmdo.

6. Amobm H$Mam d H$moaS>m H$Mam doJdoJim H$ê$Z R>odUo.

7. JQ>marVrb gm’$g’$mB©, ñdV:À¶m Kamg‘moarb ñdÀN>Vm H$amdr.

8. em¡Mmb¶ ~m§YUo d em¡À¶mg ’$³V em¡Mmb¶mV ~gÊ¶mgmR>rMo ‘mJ©Xe©Z H$aUo.

9. ‘{hbm§Zm à{ejU XoD$Z BVa ‘{hbm§Zm Ë¶m§Zm ‘m{hVr gm§JÊ¶mg gm§Jmdo.

10. ‘{hbm ~MV JQ> ¶m‘m’©$V ñdÀN>Vm A{^¶mZ am~{dUo AË¶§V Mm§Jë¶m arVrZo hmoB©b.

*****

¶oV Zmhr Ag§ åhUy ZH$m ...¶oV Zmhr Ag§ åhUy ZH$m ...¶oV Zmhr Ag§ åhUy ZH$m ...¶oV Zmhr Ag§ åhUy ZH$m ...¶oV Zmhr Ag§ åhUy ZH$m ...

‘wbm§Zmo ! Vwåhr Aä¶mg H$aVm, Ë¶mdoir ‘Z EH$mJ« Pmbobo Zgob Va qH$dm ‘ZmV Aä¶mg H$aVmZm H$mhr

Xþgè¶mM Jmoï>tMm {dMma Mmby Agob Va Ë¶mdoir Vwåhr dmMbobo Vw‘À¶m bjmV ahmV Zmhr, Z§Va dmMbobo

AmR>dm¶Mm à¶ËZ Vwåhr H$aVm Am{U Vo AmR>dbo Zmhr H$s, ‘J åhUVm ‘bm ¶oV Zmhr, ¶oV Zmhr Ag§ åhUy ZH$m,

AmR>dV Zgob Va nwÝhm nwÝhm dmMm, g‘OyZ ¿¶m. Aä¶mg dmMyZ {bhÿZ H$am¶bm {eH$m, Vwåhr Iyn hþema AmhmV.

nU Ho$di gamd H$‘r nS>Vmo. Vwåhr nhm narjobm JobmV Zm H$s, Z³H$s Vwåhmbm H$iob, Aä¶mg AmR>dob nU

Ë¶mgmR>r g‘OyZ Ho$bobm Aä¶mg Amdí¶H$. narjobm Jobm H$s àíZ ‘mhrV AgVmo, CËVahr ‘mhrV AgV§, àíZmM§

CËVa dhrÀ¶m-nwñVH$m§À¶m H$moUË¶m nmZmda Amho, H$moUË¶m ~mOyg Amho, nmZmda ImbÀ¶m H$s daÀ¶m ~mOyg,

H$moUË¶m Amoirda Amho. BWn¶ªV AmR>dV§, nU Zo‘H§$ CËVa AmR>dV Zmhr. Ë¶m‘wio ¶oV Zmhr Ag§ åhUy ZH$m. nwÝhm

gamd H$am, Aä¶mg H$am. narjoÀ¶m doir Vwåhmbm Z³H$s gd© AmR>dob Am{U Vwåhr ¶eñdr ìhmb.

- A{Zb Jw§Omi

(ghm. g{Md, Eg.Eg.gr., EM.Eg.gr. ~moS>©, nwUo)

H$mZ‘§ÌH$mZ‘§ÌH$mZ‘§ÌH$mZ‘§ÌH$mZ‘§Ì


nm¶m^yV g§~moY : nm¶m^yV g§~moY : nm¶m^yV g§~moY : nm¶m^yV g§~moY : nm¶m^yV g§~moY : S>i‘iVm nm¶mS>i‘iVm nm¶mS>i‘iVm nm¶mS>i‘iVm nm¶mS>i‘iVm nm¶m

^mfm åhUOo {dMma ^mdZm Am{U AZw d ì¶³V H$aÊ¶mM§ EH$‘od gmYZ. ~mobyZ H$Yr nmbdyZ Va H$Yr

ImUmIwUm H$ê$Z AmnU Amnbo {dMma ì¶³V H$aV AgVmo. ‘mV¥ mfm hr gd© {df¶mH$bZmMr OZZr. B§J«Or~amo~aM BVa

^mfm§À¶m {S>‘mam‘wio AmnU ‘mV¥ mfoMo ‘yi dñÌm§b§H$ma H$mTy>Z {Vbm ZH$mo Ë¶m m{fH$ Ab§H$mam§Zr gOdë¶mZo {VMo ‘yi

ê$n d àH¥$Vr ~XbV Mmbbr Amho. ‘mV¥ mfoVyZ EH$ ewX²Y ‘amR>r dm³¶ ~mobVmZm AmnU B§J«Or, qhXr, Aa~r, ’$magr,

CXÿ© Aem AZoH$ eãXm§Mm dmna H$aV AgVmo. dmñV{dH$ BVa mfm§Mo gm{hË¶ Amnë¶m mfoV ñWbm§V[aV hmoD$Z Vr XO}Xma

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gwédmV H$aUo hrM EH$ {ejH$ åhUyZ glX²Y ^mfmnyOm hmo¶.

*****


ROLE OF TEACHERSWHILE FACING NEW SYLLABUS

Shri. Anil Vasantrao KohaleJunior College Teacher

Shri Shivaji Science College, Amravati.

Education has been defined, ‘systematic training and instruction designs to

impart knowledge and developed skills’. Pluto calls it as a process of reawakening

the consciousness for practical affairs and for service of the state. John Dewey has

pragmatic approach and wants to impart education through experience and Mahatma

Gandhiji calls it, ‘drawing out the best in child and man-body, mind and spirit. Every

one of us has accepted education as a dynamic process which affects the individual

at cognitive level, affective level and psychomotor level, which helps in the development

of self, society and nation and brings about international understanding.

Education has been all time the way or the means to achieve the noble set of

goals and the teachers have tried to inculcate all the principles of life in the students

according to their abilities and capacities......Despite this ideal state (view) the

reality speaks something else.

Today the world has become cess-pool: a society without values. Human

values like sacrifice, kindness, courtesy, dedication or national values like patriotism, freedom, justice,

equality or aesthetic values have developed from society. Barbarism prevails in spite of our desperate

efforts to civilize and educate our younger generation. Although we have noble set of goals, why have we

failed in changing the face of the society? Dr. S. Radhakrishnan has rightly pointed out, “We have learnt

to swim in water, we have learnt to fly in the air, but we have not learnt to live on the earth”.

Education is a dynamic process. To say something final on it is not possible. It is like a living

organism-ever growing. Therefore there is a need to review, reconsider and rearrange every educational

theory. When already said, ‘Teachers have tried to impart knowledge and tried to inculcate the principles

of life in the students’, have they not played their role effectively? Are the teachers not able to accept the

new challenges of life? Are the teachers optimists? It is said that even class should be a laboratory for

the teacher. But do the teachers have research attitude to carry out new experiments? Is it because the

authorities have not chosen suitable candidates as Teachers? The society needs Dronacharyas,

Dr. Radhakrishnan and a galaxy of teachers in the present scenario to change the face of the society

to-day. Let us try to find a teacher described in the poem by ‘P. Seshadri’.

“We havelearnt toswim in

water, wehave

learnt tofly in the

air, but wehave notlearnt to

live on theearth”.


In halls of learning have I toiled these years

And hourly sought to draw the youthful mind

To love of knowledge, urging it to find

The highest joy in books .No haunting fears,

Of fruitless work have chilled my soul and sneers,

Have not becalmed my endeavours; no kind

Of wavering faith, 1 trust, will ever blind

My eyes to bliss that in this task appears

But then, what guerdon do I seek for all

This work? If once, some pupil toiling hard

Will find the rapture of a Master’s word,

And pausing gratefully my name recall,

Tracing his joy, in part, to what he heard,

And learnt from me- it’ll be rich reward!

The society needs Eklavya and Aruni too. Eklavya is a symbolic representation of self-learner,

where as Aruni is a symbolic representation of devotee disciple. The newly added ‘Project Work’ in the

new syllabus will definitely help the students in the direction of self learning. Already ‘Project Work’ and

‘Assignment work’ have created interest for learning amongst the students. ‘Oral test’ in languages can

definitely develop the ‘speaking skill’ of the students and develop their self-confidence. The results can be

encouraging if the teachers are promising and ready to accept the new winds. The teachers will not only

have to teach the students in the classrooms but will also have to guide them outside the class rooms. They

will have to be trained and mentally prepared to carry out this noble profession for more and better

interactions. Abraham Lincoln’s letter to the headmaster is not just meant to be framed and hanged in the

principals/headmaster’s office. It has to be brought into reality. The present new syllabus speaks of it.

Another important role played in shaping the student’s personality is the role of parents. Many a

time parents overburden the students and thrust upon them their own interest without thinking of their

ward’s capacity and ability. It will be always better not to tax the minds of the students unnecessarily and

so there is always a need of ‘Parents-Teachers meeting’ in which the teacher will have to play the role

of counsellor as well as friend, philosopher and guide for the students. Perhaps the character like Mr.

Kaplan in the short story “The Joy of Learning” narrated by Jacqueline D Cross and Aamir khan’s movie

“Tare Jamin Par” may help our teacher community to understand our students in a much more better way.

It is said ‘Where there is a will, there is a way’ and so let us pray God for our teachers-

Oh Teachers-Learners of Language and Literature! Do not lament upon your lots.

Instead light the lamp of knowledge in every lad and lass. So as to make life worth-living.”

“LONG-LIVE TEACHER COMMUNITY! LONG-LIVE THE POLE-STAR”

*****


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~oñQ> bH$ !*****


Maharashtra State Board ofSecondary and Higher Secondary Education, Pune

Statement about ownership and particulars about Newspaper Form IV(See Rule 8)

1. Place of Publication :

2. Periodicity of its Publication :

3. Printer’s Name :

- Whether citizen of India

- Address

4. Publisher’s Name :

- Whether citizen of India :

- Address :

5. Editor’s Name :

- Whether citizen of India :

- Address :

6. Name and Address of :

Individuals who own the

News Paper and partners,

holding more than

Registration No. (Provisional) :

I Krishnakumar Patil hereby declare that the particulars given above are true to the best of

my knowledge and belief.

Pune - 411004

Date : 1st February, 2015

Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher

Secondary Education. S. N.832-A, Final Plot No.

178,179, Near Balchitrawani, Bhamburda,

Shivajinagar, Pune - 411004.:

Monthly

Shri. Shah Shrikant Jethalal

Yes

Delight Printers

16-A, Shivaji Nagar, Himalaya Industrial Estate,

Pune - 411 005.

Shri. Krishnakumar Patil

Yes




Shivajinagar, Pune - 411004.

Shri. Krishnakumar Patil

Yes




Shivajinagar, Pune - 411 004.


Secondary Education.’S. N. 832-A, Final Plot No,


Shivajinagar, Pune - 411004

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‘mo~mBb : 9423427533

I just read your article "Shaikshanik

Upakramshilta" in Shikshan Sankraman, Nov.

14. Really it is very useful and fruitful to

English teachers as well as students. In this

article you mentioned the benefits of this

new method of teaching. Students do new

things by themselves with more interest.

You also mentioned the procedure for

conducting this new collaborative method. I

am sure it works. Because I am using this in

my classroom. Thanks you for providing us

this valuable information. I hope all English

teachers should implement this.

- Ashok Gaikwad

Mob. : 918275280274

I read your article "Don't Teach" in

Shikshan Sankraman. Its simply wonderful.

we here have already implemented

experiential learning approach in our

school. I would like to know your views

about education.

Please, let me know about your other

write ups.

- Mrs. Anjali Kaduskar

Mob. : 919850470250

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