eidl session 10(rb)v1.1d
TRANSCRIPT
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8/22/2019 EIDL Session 10(RB)v1.1d
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Amity International Business School
Multi modal Transport Multimodal transport contract means a contract whereby an MTO
undertakes, against payment of freight, to perform or to procure theperformance of international MTO.
Multimodal transport document (MTD) means a document which evidences
an MT contract, taking in charge of the goods by the MTO and anundertaking by him to deliver the goods in accordance with the terms of thecontract.
MTO Criteria:
a) Recognized Operator
b) Contractual c) Freedom of Action
d) Independent Status
e) National Licence
f) International Recognition
g) Resources 1
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Amity International Business School
Scope of Services
Some MTOs may own one or more means of transport, handlingequipment, containers, etc particularly when there are ship operators, truckoperators of railway or airlines. They may also own container depots andwarehouses.
But some may not own any of these and may therefore engage transportundertakings under contract to them. Some MTOs may also charter ships.
The range of services which MTOs provide directly or through their sub-contractors vary from MTO to MTO and to some extent from one country toanother country, depending upon system of administration pertaining to port
areas, inland terminals, inland modes of transport, etc prevailing in each ofthe countries.
Individual MTOs may have to undertake different types of operationsdepending upon the requirements of the trade route which they serve.
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Amity International Business School
Differences in maritime freights depend on
1) Distances
2) Economies of scale
3) Imbalances
4) Type & value of goods
5) Competition
6) Port characteristics
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Amity International Business School
Differences in maritime freights depend on
1) Distances
2) Economies of scale
3) Imbalances
4) Type & value of goods
5) Competition
6) Port characteristics
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Amity International Business School
Distance
Doubling the distanceleads to a increaseof maritime transport
costs (incl. insurance)by
about 15-20%
averages,empirical dataECLAC, FAL 191, Wilmsmeier, HoffmannHandbook of Maritime Economics, Kumar, Hoffmann
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Amity International Business School
Differences in maritime freights depend on
1) Distances
2) Economies of scale
3) Imbalances
4) Type & value of goods
5) Competition
6) Port characteristics
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Amity International Business School
Feb 2008 costs 1100TEU4250TEU
8750TEU
13000TEU
Construction costsmillion USD 28 77 135 167Construction costs
USD per TEU25 000 18 117 15 430 12 850
Crew 15 to 17 15 to 17 15 to 17 15 to 17
Source: Dynamar, 2008, via Antonio Zuidwijk
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Amity International Business School
Container ship sizes
27.- US$ saving/ container/ tripusing post panamax versus panamax(Drewry)
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Amity International Business School
Port operations
12 US$ per move savings with globaloperatorsDrewry
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Amity International Business SchoolDifferences in maritime freights dependon
1) Distances
2) Economies of scale
3) Imbalances
4) Type & value of goods
5) Competition
6) Port characteristics
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Amity International Business School
Imbalances
CI-Online 28 January 2009
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Amity International Business School
Supply/demand
Trans-Pacific trades
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
'000 TEUs
Carrying capacity Cargo eastbound Cargo westbound
Containerization International
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Amity International Business School
Imbalances
In Barbados, which freight rates
would you expect to be higher:
Those for imports, or
Those for exports ?
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8/22/2019 EIDL Session 10(RB)v1.1d
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Amity International Business School
Differences in maritime freights depend on
1) Distances
2) Economies of scale
3) Imbalances
4) Type & value of goods
5) Competition
6) Port characteristics
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8/22/2019 EIDL Session 10(RB)v1.1d
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Amity International Business School
Competition with land transport If countries are neighbours,
with paved roads, maritime
transport costs are around 10% lower
Fotos: Jan Hoffmann
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Amity International Business School
Differences in maritime freights depend on
1) Distances
2) Economies of scale
3) Imbalances
4) Type & value of goods
5) Competition
6) Port characteristics
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Amity International Business School
Port reform
Difference betweenbest and worst
case in Latin America:25% of worst case