eia update meghnaghat report _final version - black text_ - copy

8/11/2019 EIA Update Meghnaghat Report _Final Version - Black Text_ - Copy

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UPDATED REPORT

MEGHNAGHAT POWER PROJECT

450 MW COMBINED CYCLE

Environmental Impact Assessment

In Association With:

DPC Group DEODAR & ASSOCIATES RWDI DHI/SWMCDhaka, Bangladesh Vienna, USA Guelph, CanadaDhaka, Bangladesh

APRIL, 200199299/G1254

Prepared For:

AES Meghnaghat Limited

Dhaka, Bangladesh

MAIN REPORT: VOLUME

Prepared By:


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AES MEGHNAGHAT LIMITED

MEGHNAGHAT POWER PROJECTUPDATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

ESG INTERNATIONAL INC.

APRIL, 2001i

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

ES1: The Project

AES Meghnaghat Limited (the Project Sponsor) is proposing to build, own, and operate a 450MWCombined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) power station in the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh (Figure ES1- overleaf). The power station is part of the Meghnaghat Power Sites Area (MPSA), an area identified by

the Government of Bangladesh (GOB) for development of 1200-1300 MW of power in three phases.Specifically, the MPSA is situated approximately 27 kilometres southeast of Dhaka, near the MeghnaRoad Bridge on the Dhaka-Chittagong Highway (Figure ES2) and is under the administrative jurisdictionof Sonargaon Thana, Narayanganj District.

The Project Sponsor is a special purpose company, established under the laws of Bangladesh, which hasretained Hyundai Engineering and Construction Company Limited of Korea as the Installation, Erection,and Commissioning Contractorand Hyundai Heavy Industries Limited as the Supply Contractor (hereincollectively referred to as the Construction Contractor) to design and procure equipment and build the

Figure ES2: Satellite Image of Project Location


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ESG INTERNATIONAL INC.APRIL, 2001

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power station. The Project Sponsor will independently own and operate the power station, supplyingpower to the Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB) for an initial period of 22 years.

To finance the power station, the Project Sponsor is currently seeking funding from the InfrastructureDevelopment Company Limited of Bangladesh (IDCOL), a World Bank financial intermediary, and fromthe Asian Development Bank (ADB). Consequently, the project is being planned, and will be built andoperated, in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations of Bangladesh, as well as the guidelinesof IDCOL and the ADB.

ES2: Legislative Requirements

The Bangladesh Department of Environment (DOE), a division of the Ministry of Environment and Forests(MEF), is the agency responsible for issuing environmental approval for the construction and operation of

power stations in Bangladesh. Under MEF guidelines, both Site Clearance and Environmental Clearanceare required from the DOE before any power station can be made operational.

An Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report was prepared and submitted as part of the ProjectSponsors application for Site Clearance from the DOE. The purpose of the IEE was three-fold: i) to applyfor Site Clearance from the DOE; ii) provide the Terms of Reference for the Environmental ImpactAssessment (EIA) study; and iii) continue consultations with project affected stakeholders. Site Clearancewas obtained from the DOE on March 13, 2000.

The project is also being planned to address the environmental and social requirements of the ProjectSponsors lenders: IDCOL and the ADB. IDCOL has been established by the GOB as a companyregistered under the Bangladesh Companies Act1994 to facilitate private investment using credit madeavailable by the World Bank (IDCOL, 1997). As a condition of receiving the credit, IDCOL is required toensure that its infrastructure projects conform to the environmental and social requirements ofBangladesh as well as the operational policies, directives, guidelines, standards, and business practicesof the World Bank.

The proposed undertaking is considered a Category A project as described in the World Bank guidelines

(1998) and is subject to the highest level of environmental and social assessment. In addition to theserequirements, the ADB also has a set of environmental guidelines for thermal power stations (1993),which have been applied to this undertaking. The Project Sponsor will utilise this EIA report as part oftheir application for Environmental Clearance from the Bangladesh DOE.


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Figure ES1: Project Site Location in Bangladesh [8 x 11]


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ES3: EIA Methodology

EIA, as a methodology, is a tool used to identify, quantify, and evaluate the potential impacts of aproposed undertaking on the environment. Typically, the results are then used to assist decision-makersin balancing the goals of the proponent with those of the project stakeholders. As a process, it providesan accountable and traceable approach that integrates economic development with environmentalmanagement initiatives.

Project Specific Methodology

The specific methodologies utilised in the preparation of this EIA study included: identification andquantification of baseline environmental conditions in and around the project site; prediction andquantification of potential environmental/social effects assisted in part by computer modelling,

professional experience, and survey programs; and evaluation of potential effects coupled with theidentification of reasonable environmental protection and mitigation measures.

The present EIA builds upon the findings and work documented in an earlier EIA of a generic designcombined cycle gas turbine power station at the same site. This EIA, initiated in October 1999, is basedupon the specific and detailed design made available by the Construction Contractor for the project. TheEIA requirements for the associated project facilities (including site preparation, access road, regulatingand metering station, and pipeline) as well as high voltage transmission lines required to evacuateelectricity from the power station to the national grid were the responsibilities of other GOB agencies; theywere not within the purview of this present EIA.

Project Team

The Canadian-based firm ESG International Inc. (ESG) led the preparation of the EIA. ESG incorporatedinput from sub-consultants specializing in the areas of air dispersion modelling and noise assessment(RWDI Inc, Canada), thermal plume dispersion modelling (Danish Hydraulic Institute, Denmark inassociation with the Surface Water Modelling Centre, Bangladesh), social impact assessment (DeodarAssociates, U.S.A.), and socio-economic specialists and Bangladesh EIA requirements facilitators (DPCGroup, Bangladesh). The UK-based consultancy, Mott MacDonald, prepared an initial draft of the PublicConsultation and Disclosure Plan and carried out early consultation activities that have been incorporatedinto this EIA report.

ES4: Meghnaghat Power Sites Area

The MPSA was identified in the 1995 Power System Master Plan as a top ranked site for development ofthree new private sector power stations, to be developed in three phases: Phases I, II, and III (Acres,1995). The Project Sponsor has signed a Land Lease Agreementand a Power Purchase Agreementwiththe BPDB, a Gas Supply Agreementwith Titas Gas Transmission and Distribution Company (Titas), andan Implementation Agreement with GOB for the Phase I project at the MPSA (Figure ES3).

The Phase I lands (i.e., project site) consist of approximately 70 acres (i.e., the power station site andcooling water channel), and were turned over to the Project Sponsor on May 26, 2000 following siteraising, reinforcing, and grading activities by the BPDB. The BPDB has also allocated 6.5 acres of landfor the access road and 1.72 acres for the regulating and metering station to be built by Titas.

ES5: Project Description


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The project site location and power station design have a number of features that make the projectattractive for power development:

situated adjacent to a large, flowing body of water which can be used for cooling water purposes; minimal involuntary resettlement of residences needed to develop the project; background air quality within the airshed is good; the power station will burn indigenous natural gas; located adjacent to one of Bangladeshs main highways; site filling materials could be dredged from the Meghna River immediately adjacent to the

project site; predominant land-uses, adjacent to the project site, contain a mixture of industrial and

commercial uses and is a burgeoning industrial area; and minimal environmental and socio-economic impacts anticipated primarily due to the project

design, fuel type, and location.

Power Station

The power station will utilise combined cycle gas turbine technology comprising a 2+2+1 configuration(i.e., consisting of two gas turbine generators, two heat recovery steam generators, and one steamturbine generator). The power station will be exclusively powered by indigenous natural gas fuel to besupplied to the power station by Titas. The natural gas will be supplied through Titas existing Bakhrabad-Demra gas pipeline with a 500-metre spur pipeline connecting it to the project site. The natural gascontains negligible amounts of sulphur.

Cooling of the power station will be achieved with a once-through cooling water system, utilising waterdrawn from the Meghna River. After its use, the cooling water will be released back into the Meghna Rivervia a cooling water discharge channel. The power station will include full effluent treatment, fire controlsystems, waste management facilities, and other systems required to maintain daily operations.

Construction will last approximately 23 months commencing in the last quarter of 2000 with an estimatedpeak labour force of 800 workers. Approximately 50% of the peak labour force will be supplied through

local and neighbouring communities. Where appropriate, project site housing and support facilities will beprovided by the Construction Contractor during the construction phase of project development. Once theproject has been constructed, 23 to 24 personnel will be required for daytime operations andapproximately three to four persons will be required for night-time operations.


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Figure ES3: Phase I and MPSA Lands [8 x 11]


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Associated Infrastructure

To allow the ultimate development of the three power stations at the MPSA, construction and operation ofvarious infrastructure facilities are required. Construction and operation of the associated infrastructurefor this first phase of development will be the responsibility of Titas and the BPDB as shown below inTable ES1.

Table ES1: Associated Infrastructure and Responsible Sponsor

Infrastructure Sponsor Completion Date

Access road BPDB November 15, 1999

Site preparation BPDB May 26, 2000

Natural gas pipeline and RMS Titas May 31, 2001

Construction of a 938-metre access road between the Dhaka-Chittagong Highway and the project sitewas completed by the BPDB in August 1999 in accordance with GOB and DOE requirements. Theroadway has been raised to the same elevation as the MPSA using fill from the Meghna River. The BPDBwill also be responsible for maintaining the access road for the operational life of the project.

The BPDB was responsible for all site preparation activities as regulated by the GOB and DOE. By thelast quarter of 1999, approximately 1,888,000 m

3of fill material was dredged from the Meghna River and

placed on the project site by the BPDB. The elevation of the project site was finished to approximately+7.83 m (PWD), which is 0.87 metres above the 200-year flood line.

In addition to this associated infrastructure, the Power Grid Company of Bangladesh (PGCB) isconstructing a 230 kV transmission line from Comilla to Haripur via the MPSA to connect the existingComilla-Chittagong 230 kV transmission line with Haripur to facilitate the balance of demand and supplyof power among the eastern, central, and western regions of the country. Construction of thetransmission line has been undertaken as part of the national grid system and will be completed by

November 2001. The power produced by the Project Sponsor will be delivered to the national grid viathis new PGCB transmission line.

The PGCB has recently awarded construction works for another 230 kV line that will be constructed fromthe MPSA to Hasnabad to augment transmission capacity from the MPSA that will be required due to thedevelopment of the Phase II MPSA lands. The construction of both transmission lines (i.e., from Comilla Haripur and the MPSA Hasnabad) is being undertaken with funding assistance from the ADB.

Construction has been initiated on the Comilla Haripur transmission line while construction on theMPSA Hasnabad will soon be initiated. It is understood that environmental analyses may have beenundertaken for both transmission line in accordance with DOE and ADB requirements although theProject Sponsor, at the time of writ ing, has remained unprivileged to such information.

A 500-metre spur steel pipeline will form the connecting link between the interconnection point on Titasgas transmission pipeline system and the power station, providing a safe and efficient method for thetransport of natural gas. Specifically, a NPS 20 pipeline will supply the natural gas to the power station.The permanent pipeline easement will be approximately six metres in width and Titas will require anadditional six metres of temporary working space during pipeline construction in accordance with GOB

and DOE requirements. Titas has indicated that the easement for the pipeline will be located immediatelyadjacent to the access road easement. There are no residences or other constraints to pipelinedevelopment located within the proposed pipeline and construction easements between the main pipelineand the project site.

A regulating and metering station (RMS), occupying an area of approximately 50 by 100 metres, will beconstructed to control the volume and flow of gas entering the power station. The RMS will also containfacilities to adjust gas pressure under various operating conditions as well as gas metering and flowmeasurement. Titas will construct, own, and operate the RMS.


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ES6: Baseline Environment

Socio-Economic

Low-lying fields of paddy, banana plantations, and vegetable plots, intermixed with clusters of houses,characterize Sonargaon Thana. The area is threaded by a patchwork of canals and watercoursesallowing boats to be used for transportation of goods and materials. By Bangladesh standards, it is arelatively prosperous area. Annual incomes in the region surrounding the project site indicate that lessthan 2% of the population live below the Bangladesh poverty line.

There are six villages located in proximity to the MPSA: Islampur, Ganganagar, Dhudghata, Kurbanpur,Panchani, and Char Goaldi. Having adapted to the annual cycle of summer inundation, village residentshave built their homes on platforms to avoid flooding during the monsoon season. These village platformsprovide space for houses, sheds for cattle, kitchen gardens, medicinal plants, fruit trees, and smallorchards.

While most of the villages have not been directly affected by initial site acquisition and preparation,several individuals in Islampur village have experienced direct effects. These effects include relocation ofresidences, loss of agricultural lands, and loss of access to monsoon fisheries on the project site.

Land-Use

Land-use around the project site follows the pattern seen throughout the alluvial deltaic areas ofBangladesh. Predominantly a very fertile area, the project region has seasonal mixed crop vegetation,monoculture tree plantation, and homestead-based agro-forestry. Prior to site development, the MPSAwas utilized for the seasonal production of rice, wheat, pulses, oilseeds, eggplants, tomatoes, sweetpotatoes, and watermelon. During the monsoon floods, when these common crops could not be grown,the MPSA supported a localized monsoon fishery. Within a three-kilometre radius of the project site are

numerous industrial and commercial developments that comprise the burgeoning industrial area ofNarayanganj.

Water-Use

The river port at Narayanganj is a major inland port and trading centre. Various developments in theregion continue to increase this ports importance to cargo ships, fishing boats, passenger boats, andtrawlers. The Meghna River, and connecting waterways, will be relied upon for heavy constructionequipment transportation as well as being used for power station cooling and general water uses. TheConstruction Contractor will only use groundwater for the provision of potable water during theconstruction phase. The Project Sponsor will not use groundwater for any power station processes.

Hydrology

At the project site the mean water level of the Meghna River is 5.49 metres above sea level. During thedry season, water levels can be as low as 0.52 metres above sea level, while during the monsoon seasonwater levels are much higher, with the Meghna then overflowing into the regions low-lying floodplains.The width of the Meghna River at the project site is approximately 1000 metres and the flow dischargerate is 6,000 to 9,000 m3/s. The river is tidal during the dry season (i.e., November through April) whennet flows are low.


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The highest flood levels in the project area were recorded at the MeghnaFerryghat gauge station (1.5kilometres south-east of the project site) during the monsoons of 1998, 1988, and 1974 when floodelevations of +6.76 metres, +6.55 metres, and +6.19 metres PWD were respectively noted. The lowestrecorded elevations at the same gauging station occurred in 1994 (0.0 metres PWD) and 1982 (0.2metres PWD).

Air Quality

There are several existing industries in the immediate vicinity of the project site that are possible pointsources of air pollution, including a jute mill, a packaging and board mill, a brick yard, three cementprocessing industries, and two pulp and paper mills. Future developments in the region may include achemical processing industry and another pulp and paper mill. Non-point sources of pollution includecottage industries, household fuel consumption, and road and river traffic, and possibly long-range

transport of air pollutants from nearby urban areas such as Dhaka.

Monitoring data, collected in 1996 and 1999, indicate that annual average concentration of NO 2 wasestimated to be 21 g/m3, well below the World Bank Guideline of 100 g/m3and the GOBs standard of80 g/m3. The maximum 24-hour concentration of NO2was estimated to be 63 g/m

3, well below theWorld Bank Guideline of 150 g/m3. The GOB has no 24-hour standard for NO2concentrations.

Sound Levels

As the project site is located adjacent to several industries, there are numerous contributors to theregions ambient noise levels. As part of the ambient conditions assessment, two separate sites wereselected for monitoring: the village of Islampur and the village of Ganganagar. These sites arerepresentative of the two residential areas closest to the power station and monitoring was undertaken in1999 and 2000. The monitoring indicates that Ganganagar is relatively quiet at night while Islampur,being next to the river, experiences engine noise from boats navigating their way up or down the MeghnaRiver (Table ES2).

Table ES2: Measured Ambient Sound Exposures (1999 and 2000)

Sample Location Land-Use Minimum Measured 1-hr Leq[dB(A)] September 1999

Minimum Measured 1-hr Leq[dB(A)] April 2000

Daytime Nighttime Daytime Nighttime

Islampur (river side) Mixed(residential/industrial)

51 49 49 42

Islampur (powerstation side)

Mixed(residential/industrial)

n/m n/m 47 42

Ganganagar Mixed(residential/industrial)

49 45 50 44

NOTE: daytime is defined as the hours from 07:00 22:00, while nighttime hours include the hours between 22:00 07:00.n/m = no measurements recorded.

Terrestrial and Aquatic Flora and Fauna

Extensive agricultural, industrial, and residential developments have significantly altered the naturalhabitats within the project region. No vulnerable, threatened, or endangered (VTE) floral species havebeen identified at the MPSA. Published data indicate there may be habitat for vertebrate VTE species(e.g., avian, mammalian, and reptilian species) within a ten-kilometre radius of the MPSA, but no such


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habitat was found on the project site through field checking. Since the Project Sponsors works are limitedto the MPSA, the potential for adverse effects on VTE species is considered low to negligible.

ES7: Potential Impacts and Proposed Mitigation

River Dredging and Site Filling

The Meghna River is highly turbid and carries high levels of sediments. Based upon EIA studies carriedout for and by the dredging contractor, the turbidity created by the dredge was not expected tosignificantly affect long-term sediment loadings in the river and would only have a short-term effect onbenthos (i.e., bottom dwelling organisms) within and immediately adjacent to the borrow areas.

Organisms were expected to quickly recolonize the affected areas once dredging is completed. The riveris sufficiently large to allow fish and other active swimmers that may be affected by the turbidity to avoidhighly turbid areas. Overall, no long-term deleterious effects were expected on aquatic life due todredging activities.

Cooling Water

Intake

Cooling water will be required for the steam turbine, gas turbine lubricating oil cooler, and other powerstation equipment. The power station will withdraw cooling water from the Meghna River via a coolingwater intake port located at the project site boundary on the southern riverbank. The cooling water intakeport will include devices to limit the impingement and entrainment of fish, other aquatic organisms, and

debris.Damage to aquatic organisms may occur by either impinging larger organisms or by entraining smallerorganisms at the cooling water intake. A fixed bar and travelling band screens, or similar less lethalscreens, will be installed to reduce the number of aquatic organisms entering the closed cooling watersystem. Impingement will be reduced through the installation of fish deterrent devices. The effect ofimpingement on the population of small aquatic organisms is expected to be minor as the percent ofpopulation affected is small and populations tend to have high recruitment rates.

Discharge

Cooling water discharge is currently planned via an open channel on the southwest corner of the MPSAinto the Meghna River downstream of the intake. At the time of writing, the BPDB and SWMC wereassessing the possibility of extending a cooling water discharge pipeline roughly 100 to 150 metres inlength into the rivers main channel to determine if plume dispersion would be greater than that of channeldischarge.

The thermal plume modelling undertaken as part of the EIA, based upon the open channel dischargedesign during the dry season, indicates that the power stations discharge temperature will typicallycombine with the ambient river temperature to produce an average temperature compliant with both DOEand World Bank standards (Figure ES4). However, following the results of the BPDB/SWMC study, theProject Sponsor will implement whichever discharge option is determined to have the least adverseenvironmental effects.

Modelling was also undertaken to determine the potential for cooling water recirculation at the coolingwater intake during tidal conditions. The modelling indicates that thermal accumulations will likely occurin front of the MPSA under reversing flow conditions.


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It is calculated that the temperate effects of recirculation under average river conditions (i.e., a normaldryseason) at intake the will be negligible (~0.1C). Such a small change in the intake water temperature willhave a limited, if any, affect on the discharge temperature or the characteristics of the thermal plume.Under worst case river conditions (i.e., a near 50 year return period) a more noticeable increase will occur(~1.8C), however, this return is of limited occurrence and thus contributes little in terms of assessingpower station operations with regard to recirculation. Regardless, should such conditions arise, therecirculation effects will be of a relatively short duration and are not expected to have a significant effecton aquatic life.


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Figure ES4: Calculated Field of Maximum Excess Temperature (Dry Season)

Noise


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The power station is being designed to meet the applicable guidelines for environmental noise. Whereappropriate, exhausts and air intakes will be equipped with silencers to reduce noise levels at the source.Noise modelling, based upon conservative assumptions shows that the predicted noise level at thenearest Village of Islampur would exceed the night-time noise limits of the DOE and World Bank. TheVillage of Ganganagar is also predicted to exceed the World Bank night-time noise limit.

Construction Phase

Construction phase noise will be generated by equipment on the project site and by traffic on the roadand river networks. The most sensitive receptors for construction generated noise are the residentialareas of Islampur and Ganganagar, which are adjacent to the project site. Through the implementation ofthe noise management measures, as set out in the EIA report, along with good site practices, noiseeffects should be limited to a short-term intermittent increase in ambient noise levels.

Operation Phase

As required in the contract between the Project Sponsor and the Construction Contractor, mitigationmeasures at noise sources (e.g., moving the power block and installing acoustical shielding) and at theproject site boundary (e.g., vegetative planting) will be implemented to ensure the power station iscompliant with both Bangladeshi and World Bank noise limits at the nearest residence.

Cumulative noise modelling, for all three phases of the MPSA was undertaken, using the data inputs forthe Project Sponsors power station.The modelled results indicated that there are significant increases inthe predicted ambient noise levels at locations adjacent to the MPSA (Figures ES5 and ES6). Using aconservative, worst-case scenario it is calculated that noise impacts would increase by 5 dB(A) at nearbyreceptors with all three power stations operating at full load.

This increase in ambient conditions was calculated on the basis that no mitigation measures wereimplemented at any of the power stations. With the installation of appropriate mitigation measures ateach power station, required to bring each consecutive power station into compliance with the applicable

guidelines, coupled with additional greenbelt planting and maintenance, the cumulative noise effects ofthe MPSA are anticipated to be within regulatory levels.

Air Emissions

The Ansaldo V94.2 turbines will be installed with dry low NO xburners and are to be operated exclusivelyon indigenous natural gas. Turbine start-up will utilize electricity from the national grid (i.e., no diesel-fuelled generators will be required on-site for this purpose). The design specifications indicate that theseturbines and burners will control the emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NO x) to levels well below theemission guidelines of the World Bank.

Stack concentrations of NOxduring normal operating conditions (i.e., loads greater than 50% which willoccur at least 98-99% of the operation time) will be about 57.46 mg/Nm

3; well below the World Bank

guideline of 125 mg/Nm3

and 82 mg/Nm3

of the DOE. However, the NOxemissions at 50% or less load ofthe gas turbine will exceed both Bangladesh and World Bank limits.

In accordance with the World Bank guidelines, the power station will operate with loads at or below 50%less than 5% of the time (i.e., typically during start-up and shutdown), and/or when the overall station loadis below 28%. Operation at these reduced loads will continue for less than two hours at each occasion.Emissions of SO2and PM10will be negligible, as the natural gas fuel contains neither sulphur nor dust.

Maintaining the power station in good working order will also assist in minimizing its increased emissionsof NO2. Stack emissions will be monitored on a routine basis throughout the life of the power station.


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Ground Level Concentrations

Ground level concentrations of NO2were calculated using the U.S. EPAs AERMOD model at worst-caseplant loads to predict short-term and long-term ground level concentrations of NO2. The results of themodelling indicate that the contribution of the power station, plus the existing background levels, will becompliant with the applicable guidelines of the DOE and World Bank (Table ES3).

Table ES3: Maximum Predicted NO2Concentrations from Operation of AES Meghnaghat Power Station

Load Scenario Maximum NO2Concentrations ( g/m3)

24-hour Annual

PlantContribution

Background Total PlantContribution

Background Total

Scenario 1 9 63 72 2 21 23

Scenario 2 64 63 127 12 21 33

Most Stringent Guideline 150 80

NOTE: Scenario 1 assumes the power station is operating continuously at 100% load with duct fir ing.Scenario 2 assumes that both turbines will operate continuously at 50% load (similar to start-up and shut-down conditions).

The model was also run to assess the cumulative effects of the ultimate development of three powerstations at the MPSA. The modelling indicates that all air quality guidelines would be maintained ( TableES4). A post-construction monitoring program will be implemented by the Project Sponsor to confirm themodels predictions.


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Figure ES5: Cumulative Daytime Noise Contours [11 x 17]


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Figure ES6: Cumulative Night-Time Noise Contours [11 x 17]


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Table ES4: Predicted Cumulative NO2Concentrations from Operation of the Phase I, II, and III PowerStations at the MPSA

Load Maximum NO2Concentrations ( g/m3)

Scenario 24-hour Annual

PlantContribution

Background Total PlantContribution

Background Total

Scenario 1 19 63 82 4 21 25

Scenario 2 65 63 128 14 21 35

Most Stringent Guideline 150 80NOTE: Scenario 1 assumes the continuous operation of all three power stations at 100% load.

Scenario 2 assumes that at each power station one turbine would operate continuously at 100% load while one wasoperating continuously at 50% load.

Greenhouse Gas Contributions

Combined cycle systems typically operate at higher efficiencies than conventional boiler-steam powersystems. This allows a greater amount of electricity to be generated per unit of fuel utilised and thus,minimises the volume of greenhouse gases released per unit of electricity produced. Natural gas has alow carbon content compared to the other hydrocarbons fuels, which results in lower emissions of CO2per unit of heat released. Therefore, the efficiency of the combine cycle gas turbine, coupled with the useof indigenous natural gas fuel, will reduce emissions of CO2per unit of power produced.

Economic Dislocation

The Project Sponsor has reviewed the compensation provided by the BPDB as part of the acquisition ofthe project site and determined that supplemental management measures would be appropriate. AResettlement Action Plan (RAP), following IDCOL, World Bank, and ADB guidelines, has been preparedsetting out the methodology for carrying out these supplemental activities.

Specifically, development of the project site and the associated infrastructure, by various governmentagencies, has affected households through the loss of private agricultural land holdings and access tocultivatable land. The BPDB dredging activities also affected local fisherfolk.

The RAP presents details of the supplementary support measures the Project Sponsor intends to providefor each affected stakeholder group, which include: access to a vocational skills training program;possible jobs during the construction phase; construction of an elementary school in the village ofIslampur; funding to assist in the construction of an access road to Islampur; and construction of localhospital.

Involuntary Resettlement

Baseline surveys indicate that BPDB development of the project site resulted in the resettlement of fourhouseholds. The Project Sponsor, while not involved in the land acquisition process of the BPDB, hasincluded these households within their supplementary support measures of skills training and jobprospects.


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ES8: Environmental Action Plan

An environmental action plan (EAP) has been developed setting out the project mitigation, management,monitoring, and ongoing consultation activities for the project. Environmental management requirementsfor project contractors have been and will continue to be incorporated in contractual agreements and theProject Sponsor will implement oversight procedures and personnel to ensure compliance. The detailedmonitoring program, to be implemented and followed by the Project Sponsor, focuses upon compliancewith the environmental, social, health, and safety standards of the GOB, IDCOL, and the ADB.

Specific monitoring items included under the EAP include: NOXemissions, ground level concentrations ofNO2, noise, river morphology, ambient water temperatures, cooling water discharge temperatures,effluent quality, fisheries survey, success of vegetative plantings, community liaison, and occupationalhealth and safety reporting.

ES9: Public Consultation and Information Disclosure

For this project, public consultation and information disclosure activities were undertaken based upon thepublic consultation and disclosure plan (PCDP) and in accordance with the applicable regulatoryguidelines. The PCDP was implemented using a phased approach that involved a wide spectrum ofstakeholders. To date, consultation program has been completed in three phases as summarised below.

Conceptual Design

Preliminary consultations were undertaken in 1997 as part of a generic EIA report prepared for the ADBand BPDB based upon a conceptual project design. The conceptual design was used to conductpreliminary consultations with governmental agencies, non-governmental organisations, and nearbyvillages. Specifically, stakeholders included the DOE, IUCN, the Bangladesh Centre for AdvancedStudies (BCAS), and the villages of Islampur, Ganganagar, and Dhudghata.

Phase I Consultations

Building upon the information obtained during the Conceptual Design phase, and following the award ofthe first phase of the MPSA to the Project Sponsor, Phase I consultations were carried out by the ProjectSponsor. These consultations, completed between July and August 1999, were undertaken based upona new project-specific design. Various stakeholders were consulted, including the IUCN, BCAS, DOE, theDistrict Commissioner of the Narayanganj District, Sonargaon Thana Assistant Commissioner (Land), andthe Chairman of Pirozpur Union Parishad.

All of the issues identified by the stakeholders during the Phase I consultations can be mitigated and/oravoided through various project design changes and the continually evolving Social ResponsibilityProgramme of the Project Sponsor. Despite the issues, there was general widespread support for theproject.

Phase II ConsultationsPhase II consultations, completed between April and July 2000, consisted of formal and informalmeetings with project stakeholders, courtesy calls, and a national workshop in Dhaka in order to provideand discuss the findings of the draft EIA report. The final EIA report (September 2000) wasprepared forsubmission to the DOE and the project lenders, based upon the consultations conducted to date, as wellas comments received from the project lenders.


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Stakeholder Key Issues and Project Response

The key project-specific issues that were identified by the project stakeholders during the publicconsultation activities up to September 2000, are described below with the project response shown initalics. Most of the issues identified were beyond the direct control of the Project Sponsor as they relatedto the activities of the BPDB.

BPDB access road: the fenced access road to the MPSA has blocked previously existing fieldequipment, livestock, and human transportation pathways and has increased vehicular trafficvolumes where there once was none.

The Project Sponsor will request the BPDB to determine an amicable solution on behalf of theproject stakeholders affected by the blocked routes.

water logging:development of the access road has lead to increase water logging on lands that

were previously dry during the growing season. This has reduced crop productivity and affectedplanting practices.

The Project Sponsor will request the BPDB to maintain the drainage culvert openings to facilitateincreased surface water movement. The Project Sponsors CLO will from time to time monitorfield conditions in addition to his/her normal community liaison role.

sand transport:site filling activities, with no subsequent vegetative cover, has resulted in sandblowing off the MPSA, affecting both local food and water resources for human consumption.Sand transport off-site has also affected the productivity of the adjacent lands.

The Project Sponsor will suggest to the BPDB that they may wish to place a vegetative cover onthe Phase II and III lands of the MPSA.

site filling: during this activity the BPDB filled lands beyond those they officially acquiredresulting in additional land losses to those immediately adjacent to the MPSA site boundaries.

The BPDB and the Project Sponsor will jointly survey the project site during the coming dryseason and fix the land boundaries with permanent marker posts. Landowners can sell theexcess material or, can use it for building purposes.

labour: since the MPSA has been acquired and filled by the BPDB, local persons have lostaccess to agricultural labour jobs, which has in turn affected their personal incomes.

During construction, the Project Sponsor will ask the Construction Contractor to preferentially hirethose directly affected by the development of Phase I MPSA lands. Others affected by Phase Idevelopment, and losing 20% of their income, or whos income is below the poverty line

1, will be

eligible for enrolment in a vocational skills training program funded by the Project Sponsor.

housing: it was noted that four houses and one structure had been relocated/lost due to theacquisition of the MPSA lands.

The Project Sponsor believes that the lost houses were fairly compensated by the GOB. One

person per household will be eligible for enrolment in a vocational skills training program fundedby the Project Sponsor. The CLO will also be available to liaise between the GOB and projectstakeholders should any issues remain unresolved.

river bank erosion:at the village of Islampur, there was concern about bank erosion associatedwith dredging and the subsequent slide of the village into the river.

1The poverty line is defined as Taka 18,000 per year.


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As part of the EAP, the Project Sponsor intends to monitor river morphology in the vicinity of theproject site. Post-dredging bathymetry shows that the river in front of the village was notdredged, reducing concern that changed morphology might affect Islampur.

compensation:comments were received claiming that the compensation paid by the GOB waslow. Also, surveys indicated that compensation money could not be invested in alternativeincome earning means. Consequently, many of those affected by the acquisition and filling of theMPSA may have experienced a decline in their income.

The compensation paid by the GOB is considered by AES to be equal to or more than the marketprice of land in the area at that time. Since then the price of land has risen, and somestakeholders may feel the compensation was low.

To address the negative effects of the project, the Project Sponsor will ask the ConstructionContractor to preferentially hire able-bodied affected persons during the construction phase. The

Project Sponsor will also provide a vocational skills training program for those households losing20% or more of their income due to Phase I development of the MPSA or whose annual incomefalls below the Bangladeshi poverty line

1.

Public Review of EIA

Following the completion of the phase II consultations and the subsequent integration of these results intothe EIA report (September 2000), the EIA report was released in-country for public review and comment.The in-country review was completed over a period of 60 days, beginning on January 1, 2001, with theEIA report made available at the Pirozpur Union Parishad office and the office of the Liaison Committeefor the PAPs (situated at the Toll Plaza of Meghna Bridge). As above, the key project issues identified bythe commenting stakeholders are shown below with the project response shown in italics.

translated report: a Bengali translation of the EIA report should be available to the generalpublic for review and comment.

A Bengali translation of the Executive Summary will be made available to interested projectstakeholders.

vegetative plantings:requests were made for a tree plantation in the vacant spaces in the sitearea.

The Project Sponsor, as per the commitments of this EIA report, has already plantedapproximately 800 trees. Following construction of the power station, additional trees andvegetation will be planted on the project site as part of the stations general landscaping.

pollution free environment: it was requested that a pollution free environment be ensured toprotect human and environmental health especially for air quality, noise, water, and fish.

The Project Sponsor renews its commitment to construct and operate the power station withinthe applicable laws of Bangladesh and the environmental and social guidelines of the projectlenders. Additional monitoring studies will be carried out with respect to effects on fish and

fisheries in the river as discussed in this EIA report. land compensation: there was concern that land lost due to the acquisition and preparation of

the project site was not fairly compensated. In some cases the affected individual was currentlyunemployed and experiencing financial hardship.

As noted during the Phase II consultations, land compensation was the responsibility of theGOB/BPDB. However, the Project Sponsor is committed to the expeditious follow-up with theBPDB to review the land compensation and material rates paid out to the PAPs and report toIDCOL on the results of those investigations.


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In addition to the commitments made in the EIA report and RAP, the Project Sponsor has alsoreached an understanding with the Construction Contractor for employment of 200 PAPs during2001 (the first year of construction); with monthly targets. This should assist in alleviatingfinancial hardships being experienced by certain PAPs.

employment: it was requested that employment opportunities be made available to thepersons who lost their land to the plant site, lease holders and sharecroppers who used tocultivate land there, as well as people from the locality.

As per the commitments made in the EIA and RAP, all of the groups who directly lost land oremployment are potential candidates for construction work positions. Persons within thelocality are also candidates for employment provided they have the necessary skill set. Trainingis being provided to assist potential candidates in acquiring skills necessary to be employed.The final decision on employment, wages, and benefits are the responsibility of theConstruction Contractor.

gated entrance:a gated, secondary entrance was requested at the north-west corner of theproject site to assist in reducing travel time and cost for the construction employees. Thiswould assist in offsetting personal costs against the construction wage and minimize thepotential of robbery for construction workers leaving late at night.

Only the BPDB has the authority to open and maintain a gate at the north-west corner of theMPSA. Following discussions with the Project Sponsor, the BPDB did not agree to open a gateat the corner on the grounds of security issues. All power stations at the MPSA are/will be KeyPoint Installations (KPI) for which the owners must ensure special security to maintain the KPIstatus.

local improvements:the school promised by the Project Sponsor has not yet been built norhas the access road to the highway from the village of Islampur. An additional request wasalso made for a road between Islampur and Ganganagar.

As discussed in the EIA report, the Project Sponsor will finance construction of the school andaccess road to the village of Islampur once available land has been identified. Construction of

the access road began in March 2001 and is scheduled for completion by June 2001; unlessdelayed by any dispute on the land where the road is being constructed.

As for the inter-village road, the Project Sponsor has never committed to, nor is there a plan to,construct this road. Construction of the inter-village road would require the crossing of theMPSA access road, a fenced area to protect access to the KPIs, as well as cultivable land.However, once the Islampur village road is completed, access between the two villages will beeasier.

drinking water: it was requested that a drinking water arrangement be established for thePAPs working on the construction of the fence along the demised corridor.

Construction of the fence along the demised corridor was completed in February 2001, andthus, there is no longer a need to provide drinking water in this area. Within the main projectsite, consistent with the Construction Contractors SH&E Manual, the Construction Contractordistributes potable water to the job site in water pots from where individual workers can drink.

In addition to the current provisions for potable water, the Project Sponsor will follow-up with theConstruction Contractor and ensure that at lengthy distances from the main work site, like thedemised corridor, the Construction Contractor provides an alternative supply of potable waterfor the workers.

tube wells:it was requested that deep tube wells be set up at the nearby villages to ensure thesafe drinking water of the villagers.

Although not feasible at this time, once the power station enters the operation phase, theProject Sponsor may consider this request under its Social Responsibility Programme.


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canals: it was suggested that the canals around the project site area not be filled in, whichwould facilitate continued fishing in these areas.

The MPSA is surrounded by the main channel of the Meghna River to the south, and by itsbranches to the west and north. In spite of the MPSA development, these water bodies haveremained open and will continue to be available to interested persons for fishing and otheractivities throughout the year.

In terms of the canal that extended into the village of Islampur, part of it was acquired for thedevelopment of the MPSA, while the other part was left intact. The villagers are currently usingthe remaining canal for washing and bathing as well as for a closed water fishery. No otherinitiatives will be carried out by the BPDB or the Project Sponsor to re-establish the closed

portion of this canal.

Other Project Commitments

In addition to the project commitments documented above, the Project Sponsor has made several othercommitments since the finalization of the September 2000 EIA report. These commitments have beenmade in regard to project lender comments, and include:

income generation: it was requested that the Project Sponsor undertake measures to maintainthe livelihoods of PAPs affected by land taking for the development of the MPSA.

The Project Sponsor has recently instituted an employment and skills training program, partiallyin conjunction with the Construction Contractor. The Project Sponsor is also following up withthe BPDB in an effort to reassess the compensation rates paid out by the GOB to landownerswho lost land and who have not been able to re-establish their previous standards of living.

land-use map: it was requested that a land-use map be prepared and updated annually by theProject Sponsor to assist the DOE in issuing its environmental clearances.

The Project Sponsor is committed to annually preparing an integrated land-use, within onekilometre of the project site, which will be provided to the DOE at the same time each year the

power station is in operation.

assistance to Titas: it was suggested that Titas may require some assistance during thepreparation of their EIA report for the gas related facilities.

The Project Sponsor has offered both oversight and technical assistance to Titas in an ef fort to

ensure the smooth implementation of their project, while transferring EIA related knowledge toTitas staff.

fisheries survey: it was requested that a fisheries survey be completed for the portion of theMeghna river adjacent to the MPSA (i.e., 1000 metres upstream and 1000 metresdownstream).

The Project Sponsor has committed to completing a detailed fisheries survey during theconstruction phase of the project, to be updated once every two years.


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ES10: Summary of EIA Findings

The Project Sponsors power station can be developed with minimal deleterious effects on the naturalenvironment and on local socio-economic conditions through the various mitigative measures identified inthe EIA. Standard good site practices and operating procedures, in conjunction with the project's EAP, willprovide effective management, monitoring, and mitigation programs to address the identified concerns.All emissions from the power station, as well as daily operational activities, will be compliant with DOE,ADB, and IDCOL environmental guidelines and health and safety standards and procedures.

The BPDB site preparation activities involved both economic dislocation and involuntary resettlement fora small number of households. The form of support to be provided by the Project Sponsor to affectedpeople has been developed as part of the extensive consultation work that has been integrated as part ofthe RAP and PCDP activities.

Finally, the power station will operate on indigenous natural gas and will deliver some of the cheapest

electrical power in the world. Its implementation will help Bangladesh to reduce the gap in demand forand supply of electricity and restore stability in load management on the national grid. The power stationwill further relieve the stress that daily load shedding has put on the BPDB, MEMR, and local consumers.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS: VOLUME I

1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................1

1.1 Project History ..............................................................................................................1

1.1.1 MPSA Acquisition ................................................................................................................. 11.1.2 Alternatives and Cost-Benefit Analyses ........ ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... .. 21.1.3 Environmental Approval ........................................................................................................ 6

1.2 Key Project Features ....................................................................................................6

1.3 Project Schedule ...........................................................................................................7

1.4 EIA Process ..................................................................................................................8

2. LEGISLATIVE, REGULATORY, AND POLICY CONSIDERATIONS ............. ...................10

2.1 Government of Bangladesh ........................................................................................10

2.1.1 EIA Requirements .............................................................................................................. 102.1.2 Additional Requirements ..... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ....... ....... ..... 11

2.2 Infrastructure Development Company Limited ............................................................11

2.2.1 EIA Requirements .............................................................................................................. 112.2.2 World Bank Operational Polices and Guidelines ..... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ... 122.2.2 World Bank Operational Polices and Guidelines ..... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ... 13

2.3 Asian Development Bank .............. .................. .................... ................... ............. ........13

2.4 International Conventions ...........................................................................................14

2.5 Concordance Analysis for Project Requirements ........................................................14

2.5.1 Concordance Analysis of Environmental Standards and Guidelines .................................... 143. PROJECT DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................17

3.1 Life Cycle Overview ....................................................................................................17

3.1.1 Site Preparation.................................................................................................................. 183.1.2 Construction ....................................................................................................................... 183.1.3 Operation and Maintenance ................................................................................................ 213.1.4 Decommissioning ............................................................................................................... 23

3.2 Power Station Facilities ...............................................................................................24

3.2.1 CCGT System .................................................................................................................... 243.2.2 High Voltage Substation ..................................................................................................... 253.2.3 Power Station Fuel ............................................................................................................. 283.2.4 Plant Control Systems ........................................................................................................ 283.2.5 Cooling W ater Systems ...................................................................................................... 29

3.2.5.1 Once-Through Cooling W ater System ......................................................................... 293.2.5.2 Closed Cooling W ater System .................................................................................... 29

3.2.6 Water Supply and Treatment Systems ................................................................................ 303.2.6.1 Water Supply System ................................................................................................. 303.2.6.2 Water Treatment System ............................................................................................ 303.2.6.3 Clarifier ....................................................................................................................... 313.2.6.4 Demineralisation Plant ................................................................................................ 313.2.6.5 Summary . ................................................................................................................... 32

3.2.7 Wastewater Treatment System ........................................................................................... 333.2.7.1 Wastewater Discharge Rates ...................................................................................... 34


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3.2.7.2 Wastewater Discharge Composition ............................................................................ 353.2.7.3 Effluent Disposal System .. .......................................................................................... 35

3.2.8 Boiler Blowdown ................................................................................................................. 353.2.9 Cooling Water Discharge .................................................................................................... 363.2.10 Materials Storage and Handling .......................................................................................... 363.2.11 Fire Fighting System........................................................................................................... 373.2.12 Septic Tank System ............................................................................................................ 373.2.13 Sludge Treatment ............................................................................................................... 383.2.14 Emergency Generator ........................................................................................................ 393.2.15 Site Drainage ..................................................................................................................... 393.2.16Ancillary Structures............ ....... ...... ...... ...... ....... ...... ...... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... .. 39

3.3 Associated Infrastructure ...................... .................... ..................... ..................... ........39

3.3.1 Site Preparation.................................................................................................................. 403.3.2 Access Road ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ... 403.3.3 Natural Gas Pipeline and RMS ........................................................................................... 41

3.3.3.1 Natural Gas Pipeline ................................................................................................... 413.3.3.2 Regulating and Metering Station ................................................................................. 41

3.4 Dispatch of Power .......................................................................................................42

4. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ..................................................................44

4.1 Project Region ............................................................................................................44

4.1.1 District Population and Land Area ....................................................................................... 444.1.2 Thana Characterization ...................................................................................................... 45

4.1.2.1 Land and W ater Use ................................................................................................... 474.1.2.2 Physiographic and Hydrogeological Regions ............................................................... 47

4.2 Project Site .................................................................................................................47

4.2.1 Land Conditions ................................................................................................................. 474.2.1.1 Topography, Geology and Soils .................................................................................. 474.2.1.2 Seismicity ................................................................................................................... 51

4.2.2 Atmospheric Conditions ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... 514.2.2.1 Climate ....................................................................................................................... 514.2.2.2 Air Quality ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ....... ....... ..... 524.2.2.3 Ambient Noise ...... ...... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ....... ....... ..... 53

4.2.3 Hydrological Conditions ...................................................................................................... 574.2.3.1 Wetlands .................................................................................................................... 574.2.3.2 Surface Water ............................................................................................................. 584.2.3.3 Salinity Regime ........................................................................................................... 624.2.3.4 Sea Level Rise ........................................................................................................... 624.2.3.5 Groundwater ............................................................................................................... 65

4.2.4 Biological Conditions .......................................................................................................... 65

4.2.4.1 Terrestrial Flora and Fauna ......................................................................................... 654.2.4.2 Aquatic Flora and Fauna ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ... 67

4.2.5 Socio-Economic Conditions ................................................................................................ 674.2.5.1 General Village Features .. .......................................................................................... 684.2.5.2 Islampur ..................................................................................................................... 684.2.5.3 Ganganagar ............................................................................................................... 704.2.5.4 Dhudghata .................................................................................................................. 70


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4.2.5.5 Kurbanpur................................................................................................................... 704.2.5.6 Panchani .................................................................................................................... 714.2.5.7 Char Goaldi ................................................................................................................ 714.2.5.8 Road and R iver Transportation ................................................................................... 714.2.5.9 Agricultural Development ...... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ... 714.2.5.10 Gender Issues ............................................................................................................ 724.2.5.11 Public Health .............................................................................................................. 724.2.5.12 Aesthetic Values ...... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ... 73

4.2.6 Cultural Conditions ............................................................................................................. 734.2.6.1 Religious Characteristics ............................................................................................. 734.2.6.2 Quality of Life.............................................................................................................. 744.2.6.3 Knowledge of Proposed Project .................................................................................. 74

5. IMPACT IDENTIFICATION, MANAGEMENT, AND MONITORING ..................................76

5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................76

5.2 Compliance with World Bank Operational Policies .............. ................... ............. ........76

5.3 World Bank Key Issues ...............................................................................................77

5.4 Project Specific Key Issues .........................................................................................78

5.4.1 River Dredging and Site Filing ............................................................................................ 785.4.1.1 Waterlogging .............................................................................................................. 785.4.1.2 Scouring and Flow Effects .......................................................................................... 795.4.1.3 Turbidity and Sedimentation Effects ............................................................................ 795.4.1.4 Flood Water Distribution.............................................................................................. 80

5.4.2 Cooling Water Discharge .................................................................................................... 805.4.2.1 The Model and Its Inputs............................................................................................. 815.4.2.2 Model Results ............................................................................................................. 845.4.2.3 Summary of Thermal Plume Modelling ........................................................................ 885.4.2.4 Potential for Cooling Water Re-circulation ................................................................... 885.4.2.5 DOE Effluent Temperature Standards ......................................................................... 905.4.2.6 Fish Impingement and Entrainment at Water Intake .................................................... 905.4.2.7 Water Circulation Patterns .......................................................................................... 905.4.2.8 Fisheries Survey ......................................................................................................... 91

5.4.3 Noise.................................................................................................................................. 915.4.3.1 Construction Phase .................................................................................................... 915.4.3.2 Operation Phase ......................................................................................................... 915.4.3.3 Mitigation .................................................................................................................... 935.4.3.4 Cumulative Noise Effects ............................................................................................ 95

5.4.4 Air Quality ......... ...... ....... ....... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ... 955.4.4.1 Oxides of Nitrogen ...................................................................................................... 955.4.4.2 Stack Height Calculation ........................................................................................... 101

5.4.4.3 Effects on Ambient Air Quality ................................................................................... 1015.4.4.4 Cumulative Effects on Ambient Air Quality ................................................................ 1025.4.4.5 Greenhouse Gas Contributions ................................................................................. 1035.4.4.6 Afforestation Program and Greenbelt ..... ....... ...... ...... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ... 104

5.4.5 Economic Dislocation ....................................................................................................... 1055.4.5.1 Meghnaghat Power Sites Area .................................................................................. 1055.4.5.2 Project Site ............................................................................................................... 106


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5.4.5.3 Entitlement Framework ............................................................................................. 1085.4.5.4 Implementation Costs ............................................................................................... 1095.4.5.5 Follow-On Activities .................................................................................................. 110

5.5 Identification, Management, and Monitoring of Impacts.................. ..................... ...... 112

6. ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN ................................................................................ 124

6.1 Environmental Management ..................................................................................... 124

6.2 Plans, Procedures, and Programs ............................................................................ 125

6.2.1 Resettlement Action Plan ................................................................................................. 1256.2.2 Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan ........................................................................... 1256.2.3 Emergency Response Plan .............................................................................................. 1256.2.4 Health, Safety, and Environmental Procedures ................................................................. 1256.2.5 Operation and Maintenance Program ............................................................................... 1266.2.6 Staff Training Program...................................................................................................... 126

6.3 Monitoring ................................................................................................................. 126

6.3.1 NOxEmissions ................................................................................................................. 1286.3.2 Ambient Air Quality ....... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ....... ....... ... 1286.3.3 Noise Emissions ............................................................................................................... 1296.3.4 River Morphology ............................................................................................................. 1296.3.5 Ambient River Temperature ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ....... ....... ... 1296.3.6 Cooling W ater .................................................................................................................. 1296.3.7 Effluent Quality ................................................................................................................. 1296.3.8 Fisheries .......................................................................................................................... 1306.3.9 Vegetation Growth ............................................................................................................ 1306.3.10 Social Concerns ............................................................................................................... 1306.3.11 Occupational Health and Safety ........................................................................................ 130

6.4 Implementation Schedule and Cost Estimates of EAP ................... .................... ....... 131

6.5 Integration of EAP with Overall Project ................... ............ ................... ............. ...... 132

7. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ................... ................. 133

7.1 Defining the Terms .................................................................................................... 133

7.2 Regulatory Context ................................................................................................... 134

7.2.1 Bangladesh DOE Guidelines ............................................................................................ 1347.2.2 IDCOL Guidelines ............................................................................................................ 1347.2.3 Asian Development Bank Guidelines ..... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ....... ....... ... 135

7.3 Consultation and Disclosure Methodology ................ ..................... .................... ....... 135

7.4 Results of Consultation and Disclosure ..................... ..................... ..................... ...... 136

7.4.1 Stakeholder Identification ................................................................................................. 1367.4.2 Conceptual Design (1997 EIA Report) .............................................................................. 1387.4.3 Planning for Public Consultation and Disclosure ............................................................... 139 7.4.4 Phase I Consultations ....................................................................................................... 1407.4.5 Phase II Consultations ...................................................................................................... 1407.4.6 Public Review of EIA Report ............................................................................................. 1447.4.7 Construction Phase Consultations .................................................................................... 1487.4.8 Operation Phase Consultations ........................................................................................ 1487.4.9 Integration of Public Consultation Findings into EIA .......................................................... 148

7.5 Disclosure Plan ................ ..................... .................... ..................... ..................... ...... 148


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7.5.1 Information Materials ........................................................................................................ 1497.5.2 Resources and Responsibilities ........................................................................................ 1497.5.3 Grievance Mechanisms .................................................................................................... 1497.5.4 Reporting ......................................................................................................................... 150

8. SIGNATURES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROFESSIONALS ................. .................... ....... 151

9. WORKS CITED ............................................................................................................... 153


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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1: Preferred Project Alternatives ................................................................................................. 2Table 2.1: Concordance Analysis of EIA Requirements ...... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ... 14Table 2.2: Ground Level Ambient Air Quality Limits for Bangladesh,

World Bank, and Project (g/m3) ........................................................................................... 15Table 2.3: Air Emission Guidelines for Bangladesh, World Bank, and Project (mg/N m3) ....................... 15Table 2.4: Noise Emissions as Regulated by World Bank, Bangladesh, and Project ..... ....... ...... ....... ..... 16Table 2.5: Waste Discharge Standards for Bangladesh, World Bank, and Project ..... ...... ....... ...... ....... .. 16Table 3.1: On-Site Housing and Support Facilities Construction Only ..... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ..... 21Table 3.2: Typical Construction Equipment ........................................................................................... 22Table 3.3: Estimate Annual Consumption of Lube and Hydraulic Oils ..... ....... ...... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... .. 24Table 3.4: Main Sources, Collection, Storage and Disposal of Wastes Generated During Operations .... 24

Table 3.5: Titas Natural Gas F ield Analysis ........................................................................................... 29Table 3.6: Water Quality Requirements................................................................................................. 34Table 3.7: Summary of Water Treatment Chemicals ............................................................................. 34Table 3.8: Estimated Daily Chemical Demand....................................................................................... 35Table 3.9: Summary of Wastewater discharge and Regulatory Requirements

for Thermal Power Stations .................................................................................................... 37Table 3.10: Projected Sludge Generation .............................................................................................. 41Table 3.11: Associated Infrastructure and Responsible Sponsor ...... ...... ....... ...... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... .. 43Table 4.1: Average Monthly Temperature and Precipitation ..... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ... 56Table 4.2: Measure Ambient Sound Exposures (1999 and 2000) ..... ...... ....... ...... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... .. 59Table 4.3: Maximum Noise Emissions as Regulated by World Bank of MEF ...... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ... 62Table 4.4: Project Applicable Sound Level Limits .................................................................................. 62Table 4.5: Selected Surface Water Analysis Results ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ....... ....... ..... 65Table 4.6: Selected Groundwater Analysis Results ............................................................................... 70Table 5.1: Compliance of the Power Station with World Bank Operation Policies ............ ....... ...... ....... .. 83Table 5.2: Thermal Plume Modelling Discharge Parameters ...... ...... ...... ....... ...... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... .. 89Table 5.3: Intake and Discharge Locations and Control Points for the Time Series ...... ....... ....... ....... ..... 90

Table 5.4: Results of Thermal Plume Modelling for AES Meghnaghat Power Station............................. 92Table 5.5: Predicted Thermal Effects of Cooling Water Recirculation ..... ....... ...... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... .. 97Table 5.6:Predicted Excess Temperature at Intake I .............................................................................. 97Table 5.7: Predicted Excess Temperature at Intakes I and II.................................................................. 98Table 5.8: Predicted Noise Levels at Selected Receptors .................................................................... 101Table 5.9: NOxEmission Guidelines and Rates .................................................................................... 106Table 5.10: Gas Turbine Loads at Varying Overall Plant Loads ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... . 110Table 5.11: PM Emission Guidelines and Rates .................................................................................. 110Table 5.12: Maximum Predicted NO2Concentrations from Operation of AES

Meghnaghat Power Station .................................................................................................. 113

LIST OF TABLES CONTINUED

Table 5.13: Maximum Predicted PM10Concentrations from Operation ofAES Meghnaghat Power Station ...... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ....... ....... ... 113

Table 5.14: Predicted Cumulative NO2Concentrations from Operation of thePhase I, II, and III Power Stations at the MPSA ................................................................. 114

Table 5.15: Predicted Cumulative PM10Concentrations from Operation of thePhase I, II, and III Power Stations at the MPSA ................................................................. 114

Table 5.16: Land Taking for MPSA and Compensation Assessed Under the Laws of Bangladesh ....... 117


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Table 5.17: Summary of Losses for Phase I Development of the MPSA ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... . 118Table 5.18: Estimated Resettlement Cost for the Project Sponsor ...... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ....... ....... ... 121Table 5.19: Construction Impact Mitigation, Monitoring, and Management Measures ............. ...... ....... 125Table 5.20: Operation Impact Mitigation, Management, and Monitoring Measures ......... ....... ...... ....... . 132Table 6.1: Health, Safety, and Environmental Monitoring Program ...... ....... ...... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ... 141Table 6.2: Implementation Schedule and Cost Estimates (1999 US$) ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ....... ....... ... 146Table 7.1: Inventory of Project Stakeholders (1999) ...... ....... ...... ...... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... 153Table 7.2: Key Stakeholder Issues and Project Response ....

eia update meghnaghat report _final version - black text_ - copy

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