Ms. Pakinam KafafyChief Executive Officer

TAQA Arabia 

EGYPT’SNATURAL GAS

MARKET OVERVIEW

2

Why Egypt?

Energy for All Task Force (TF2) Focus:Promote the critical role gas plays in providing access to cleaner, sustainable energy and in facilitating economic development 

Egypt Industry developments highlights the following:‐ Market focusing on local demand‐ New technologies (CNG & Mobile CNG / Gas Cooling / SNG)‐ Import/Export Experience (LNG / FSRU)‐ 50Y Infrastructure ‐ Fuel substitution with subsidies removal‐ Used several Financial systems‐ Regional Integration (East Med – Arab Gas) 

3

Egypt’s Gas Industry Milestones

1st gasDiscovery

1967 1976 1981 1992 1996 2003 2012

1st

Industrialcustomer

1st

Residentialcustomer

1st CNG Vehicle

Private LDC

1st Gas Export

1st FSRUTender

2015

1st LNG import

GasRegulator

2017

4

Gas Usages

Gas GridLocal Distribution

Gas Delivery

Fertilizers

Industry

CNG

Domestic

Power

Gas Value Chain in Egypt

5

Egypt’s Concession map

83 New Upstream Exploration agreements signed, $15.5 billion minimum commitment.New blocks are always offered by EGPC, EGAS & GANOPE.

6

0102030405060708090

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025

2026

2027

BCM/yr

Nooros Fields West Delta Deep Marine West Nile Delta Project

Zohr Total production

Historical and Forecast Gas Production (by area)

7

East Med.: Major Fields

8

Zohr Gas Discovery

• The Largest gas discovery in the Mediterranean.• One of the largest gas discoveries in The World.• 30+ TCF of GAS in place• 1.5km water depth , 100 km2 acreage, 220km from shore• Significant potential in adjacent Blocks

9

Egypt as the new Energy Hub in the Mediterranean

• Major recent huge gas discoveries (Zohr)

• Oil & Gas infrastructure (LNG Facilities, Pipelines)

• Centered looking in the middle of resource‐rich countries and major energy

consumers, as well as availability of major Int. Maritime Trade lines.

EMG P/L

FAJR P/L

Damietta LNG

Idku LNG

East Gas P/LAQABAFSRU

FSRU

ZOHR

10

• Secure LNG imports to bridge theshort/medium term gap.

Clients Benefits:• Trough  two  FSRUs,  one  with  a capacity  of  3  BCMY,  the  other  with capacity of 7 BCMY

• Both are  located  in  Sokhna Port,  Red Sea

• Beg  of  this  month,  one  contract ended,  and  EGAS  is  keeping  one  in operations

FSRU:

Gap Supply

1111

A 500 mmcfd capacity Floating Storageand Regasification Unit (FSRU) was installedat the Port of Sokhna on the Red Sea and multi-year deals have been concluded with LNG

sellers.A second FSRU, with a capacity of 750 mmcfd,was commissioned in November 2015 alongsidethe first at Sokhna

In August 2015, Eni announced the Zohrdiscovery, a new play opening find with anestimated 21.5tcf of recoverable gas reserves.With a fast track development planned,Zohr will help to reduce the need for costlierLNG imports. This new source of gas will helpEgypt to lower its cost of supply and, iffollowed by further discoveries, could seeEgypt return to a period of energy selfsufficiency

Source: Woodmac – Seek Permission, OIES

61.3 63 61.9 5748.5 44 41.6

47 46 45.136.1

28.9 23.918 14.7 12

0.3 0.4

515.3

23.6 39.443.7

4849.3

48.345.5

3.610.3

10

10.3

2.8

2.8

‐10.4 ‐9.4 ‐7.7 ‐3.7 ‐1.4 ‐0.8 ‐0.7 ‐0.7 ‐0.7 ‐0.7‐2.9

‐4.8 ‐8.7 ‐10.1 ‐11.5

Production online in 2015

New gas production (2015)

LNG imports

LNG exports

Gas balance (BCM)

2010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025

Due to the ongoing energy shortageEgypt began importing LNG in 2015

LNG imports act as bridge for next upstream production

12

Source: World Steel Association, BP Statistical Review, GIIGNL LNG Reports

LNG helps growth in the Egyptian steel industry

Steel production Ktn/yr

Gas production

LNG imports

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

2015

2017

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

Gas & LNGimports (BCM)

Steel production‘000tn/yr

LNG imports enablesteel plants to continue

to operate

Rapidly deployed FSRUs import LNGuntil new fields were in production

This allowed $457mn steel to beexported, using idle capacity,keeping the lights on with significantfinancial and environmental savingvs alternative fuels

with greater than anticipateddemand led to costly fuel and power shortages in Egypt

Falling domestic production

Gas fuels economic growth

13

Egypt’s gas Sector trends

Going  forward, Egypt will witness a growth in natural gas production from “supergiant” Zohr. Producing currently 0.349 BCF per day, to reach 1 BCF per day in June and 2.7 BCF by end of 2019.

Additionally importation through gas el sharq will start beginning of 2019. 

Natural Gas Consumption ‐ BCMNatural Gas Consumption ‐ BCM Gas consumption in Egypt vs production ‐ BCMGas consumption in Egypt vs production ‐ BCM

Egypt consumption of Natural gas is increasing by higher rate than worldwide consumption Despitethe drop of production in the last four years, turning Egypt from being a gas exporter to gas importerWith the new discovery of Zohr, net gas imports are expected to be covered by local production.

 ‐

 10

 20

 30

 40

 50

 60

 ‐

 1,000

 2,000

 3,000

 4,000

World Egypt

 ‐ 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Consumption Production

Growth rate since year 2000:Egypt 156%World 47%

14

Natural Gas Supply vs. Demand vs. Consumption

15

Abu sir

West Abu Qir

North Idku

RavenScrab/safron

LNGDamietta

Arish &El masaid

Baltem

Port said

Hap’y

Theka

North Bardwell

Akhen

Naf

Roseta

El Sheikh Zowayed

East Port Said P.S & Ind. Area

East Gas

Flower

North SinaiHelm

Temsah

Talkha

Shabshir

Abu MadiAbu Qir

Abu Hommos South El Mansoura

Mahmudiya

Qara

Tanta

SouthBelquas

Abu sultan6 October

QusinaBanhaSadat

Suez

A’youn Moussa

Mostorud I-ATebbin

Koraymat

Ras BakrBeni Suef

Za’frana

October

Unit 103El Menia

Assuit

Unit 104

Unit 108

Zeit bay

Abu Rudis

Morgan

Ramadan

Esma 8

AgibaSea bird

Shoab Ali

Badri

Esma 2

Sinai Cement & industrial Area

Sedi Krier

Ameriya

King

El-Max

Intergene

BorgElarab

Ameriya Cement

12“- 14 Km

El obyed

Salam

South Aum Barkah

El Qasr

Tarek

Bed - 2

Abu Sannan

South Dab’aaMeleha Deep

Bed - 3Bed - 1 265 Km 24“-

Qena

LuxorAswan

Kima

Hurgada

Safaga

Cairo

Neag

A/GHKaroun

SouthEl-Tina

WestEl Tena

Jordan

DeniseTaurt

El GamilUGDC

South El Manzala

Shams

Saffaire

Simian/ sienna

Fayroz

Robi

Tarouse

Theth Med. South East Fields

Vegas fields

Desouk

A/RSuco

Belayim

Wastani

Fayoum

El Sokhna

• Existing . PL• Under cons. PL• Future. PL (5 Years)• Gas fields• Future Gas Fields• Facilities• Distribution Stations• Power stations• Industrial Areas• Consumer• Distribution Co.• Export

Ameriya

24“- 26 Km

18“- 12 Km

16“- 9 Km

24“- 26 Km

24“- 26 Km

32“- 160 Km

24“- 14 Km

30“- 26 Km

22“- 87 Km

24“- 25 Km

32“- 75 Km

24“- 215 Km

32“- 85 Km

28“- 86 Km

42“- 40 Km

30“- 28 Km

16“- 256 Km

16“- 192 Km

24“- 10 Km

22“- 40 Km

24“- 50 Km

36“- 196 Km

36“- 264 Km 10 BCMY

20“- 660 Km

20“- 40 Km

12“- 40 Km

National Oil, Gas Grid & Facilities

Dahshour

Nubariya

North Port Said

Port Fouad

Sharm El Shikh

Suco

West Aswan

Ras Shukir

El Fayoum Offtake

Deshna

Quos

New Assuit

16

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

2015

2017

Pipeline length (km)

0

50

100

150

200

250

Capacity (mcm)

Pipeline and transmission capacity have grown rapidly

17

Natural Gas Consumption in numbers

Source: EGAS annual report

» 52 Power Generation plants

» 15 Local Distribution companies

» More than 2,300 Industrial factory

» 360 brick kilns

» 9.1 Million Residential Customer

» More than 9,000 Commercial customer

» 6,100 Bakeries

» 220,000 vehicles converted to CNG

» more than 75 conversion centers

» 180 CNG stations

18

Ensuring power generation security

19

Gas to end users

• FactoriesMedium               Heavy‐ Chemical        ‐ Steel‐ Paint               ‐ Cement‐ Textile            ‐ Fertilizer‐ Food

Fuels substitution & conversionWater heating Space heating

Cooking Steam Generation

Furnaces Manufacturing Process Heat

Refrigeration Gas‐fired Air‐conditioning 

Natural gas will replace:

• Diesel for water and central heating

• LPG for heating and cooking

• Fuel oil and diesel for industrial applications

• Gasoline in cars

Residential

Commercial

Industrial

• Apartments• Houses• Villas

• Hospitals• Schools and Universities• Offices• Restaurants• Bakeries etc.

20

Development of the Egyptian Gas Distribution Sector

21

GASCO

Power Stations HouseholdsIndustrial

FactoriesCommercial

Establishments

EGAS20-25Y Concession Agreement to :Finance, design, execute, operate& maintain Gas Networks

Manage, operate andmaintain the EgyptianNational Gas Grid

Transportation Vehicles

Gas Supply Contract

Agreement for :Gas Delivery & Metering

Gas Midstream & Downstream Market Structure

Gov. guarantees 18%IRR for LDCs (+ O&Mcosts +5Y tax exemption)

Local DistributionCompanies

EPCs

22

Gas Distribution – Deregulation Development

The Main National Grid / Trunk line is constructed & Operated by GASCO (on behalf of EGAS)Everything down stream of the Pressure Reduction Station is within the cost of the LDC connection rate. Payments made “per converted customer”

23

Gas Contractor

LDC

Gas Distribution – Market Players

24

From ONE state monopoly …

… to 9 private sectors & 5 state‐owned LDCs/EPCs

Development of the Egyptian Gas Distribution Sector

Off Take

P.R.SRegulator

Regulator

Typical Downstream Gas Network

Ongoing Distribution Activities9.1 Million customers connected

Over 1 bn $ of Foreign & Local investment

16 Egyptian Governorates covered by Gas networks

600 MM $ /Year Saved in subsidies

Enhanced HSE Standards

Introducing new technologies

Attracting the Multi‐Nationals

Social Investment – Jobs/Employment ‐ Environmental

Provide a better quality of life for Egypt’s citizens

25

Well developed gas grid;

The end consumer price and margin areregulated;

Conversion is undertaken only by the CNGcompanies;

Local codes in place governing all technicaland HSE aspects;

Conversion loans were offered through CNGcompanies till mid. 2003, now throughcommercial banks;

The Government is the sole supplier of thegas, and the sole owner of the supply gridnationwide

Compressed Natural Gas “CNG” Business Model

26

Deregulation Development – Egypt’s CNG Market

Phase I1992 ‐ 1996

Phase II1996 ‐ 2002

Phase III2002 ‐ now

Pilot Project National Project Expansion

2 Pilot ProjectsWith the assistance

Of 2 IOCs

Monopoly2 State‐Owned(JV with IOCs)

4 Private “NGVs”

(Local & Int.)

27

Market based Incentives: CNG Smart Card

27

28

Market based Incentives: CNG Smart Card

28

Mechanism

Financing 100% of cost of conversion throughcommercial lending on a debit card to bepresented at fueling stations by convertedvehicles’ drivers

Increase 

No. of Vehicles Converted

29 29

Fuelling Service Stations Gallery

30 30

Vehicles Conversion Centers Gallery

31 31

Vehicles Conversion Centers Gallery

32

CNG

LNG

32

Gas CNG Mobile

33

Scope:• Using absorption chillers / heater units• BOO District cooling projects• 250 000 Ton

Clients Benefits:• Saving  of  30‐40%  of  operating  cost compared to electricity driven chillers

• Less building Capex & Opex• Less Power • Less maintenance & staffing• Economical operating costs• No chillers noise & vibration• Space saving in the buildings

District cooling consists of 3 main parts:

Plant

Gas District Cooling

34

SNG Ready to use 

Synthetic Natural Gas (LPG+Air) Distribution Network

35

Fuel Subsidies

Due to devaluation, 2016/17 subsidies budget expected to be doubled to reach 112 billion LE

36

Egypt’s Natural gas Prices (as of 15th of Jan 2018)

Source: EGAS

Industry  Price

Power Generation PlantsMinistry of Electricity power plants  3 US$ / MMBTU

BOOT power plants 1.25 US$ / TCF

Industrial Clients Fertilizers 4.5 US$ / MMBTU

Petrochemicals 4.5 US$ / MMBTU

Food industries – Textile – Pharmaceutical – Engineering – Glass and other industries 

5 US$ / MMBTU

Iron & steel – Aluminum – Copper – Ceramic & Porcelain  7 US$ / MMBTU

Cement 8 US$ / MMBTU

Brick kilns  53 EGP / MMBTU

Bakeries ( Subsidized bread) 14.1 pts / Cubic meter

37

Gas Sector Governance 

• The new Gas Law, paves the way for a substantial reform of the gas sector.• The law mandates the creation of a new independent gas regulator.• Offering an opportunity to the private sector to enter and compete in wholesale 

downstream market segments, the existing shadow regulator finalized the gas transmission codes, gas transmission tariff, which will be published soon.

The Egyptian Government has approved a new Gas Law.The Egyptian Government has approved a new Gas Law.

38

Regulated Gas Activities

39

Import: Codes & Tariff Flow

40

Shippers & Suppliers:  Market  Structure

41

Egypt Energy Challenges & Policy Options

41

Pricing Reform: Tariffs  Subsidies

Institutional Restructure: Integrated Energy Regulator Market Liberalization (unbundling)

Legislation Modifications: New Electricity Law Hydrocarbon / Petroleum Law

Assessment & Prioritization of Energy DemandSecurity & Affordability of Energy Supply LNG import New & Renewable Energy Development

Energy Infrastructure DevelopmentAttraction of FDI in most of the Egyptian Energy Value ChainHuman Capacity Building & Best Practices Development

42

Benefits to Government

• New Private foreign investment in Key infrastructure

• New industrial Growth opportunities • Employment opportunities, (Long Term)

• People development, training and skills (short/long term)

• Environmental Improvements, Reduced pollution (CDM opportunities)

Benefits to End‐Consumer

• 24 hour non interruptible, On demand supply

• Energy Efficient and clean source of fuel (product improvement)

• Improved safety of usage

• Reduced Fuel costs (greater value)

The gas distribution project will provide a wide range of benefits directly to end‐consumers and to the country as a whole

Gas Partnership – Project Benefits

43

Lessons from international experience

43

The best practice cases are thought to have benefited from:

Long term political commitment at a high government level.

Creation of a proper (and specialized ) institutional set up.

Creation of incentives including appropriate energy pricing schemes.

Mobilization of sustained financial resources.

Monitoring and measurement of results.

Effective communication with the public

44

Lessons from Egypt ‐ Making it work Supply and infrastructure

Role of private sector

Support from international institutions

Full involvement of investors & distribution companies Capital intensive industry Slow but steady returns Involvement in the whole supply chain Consumer education

Commitment from international institutions Financing collective infrastructures Support for micro‐credits Exchange of good practices

Regulations developing adequate framework using experience from well established and 

structured market opting for a cylinder deposit system banning cross‐filling establishing a licensing system

45

Access for poorer classes and implication of taxes developing an efficient network financing solutions such as micro‐credit eliminate taxation of LPG and cylinders (import duties and VAT) harmonizing the tax system (in case partial taxation is maintained)

Support from governments Stability of the political and legal systems Rules governing trade and investment Regulations concerning industry operating and safety standards Involvement in fair tax / duty treatment 

Awareness & Consumer’s Adherence Openness to change

education campaigns(schools, associations, role of village heads)‐ safety‐ applications

advertising campaigns by marketers

Lessons from Egypt ‐ Making it work

46

Enablers•Strong multilateral support, FDI•Subsidy regime (initially)•Clear cost recovery model for LDCs•Free trade zones

Blockers•Cost recovery mechanism for upstream, power sector•Subsidy regime (later)•Regulatory environment•Customer payback•Security of supply for large industry•Connection fees•Monopsony buyer

Opportunities•Regional gas hub•Modernisation programme (subsidy phase out)•Regulatory reforms and capacity building (direct sales)•Efficiency opportunities 

Policy enablers, blockers and opportunities

47

THANK YOU

2 Simon Bolivar Sq, Garden City , 8th floor

Tel: (202) 2796 1494 Fax: (202) 27962821www.taqa.com.eg