Slide 1

EGN 3373 Introduction to Electrical Systems I A Systems Approach to Electrical Engineering Graphics Adapted from Physical, Earth, and Space Science, Tom Hsu, cpoScience.

Slide 2

SyllabusSyllabus & Policies EGN 3373-Section 002 Electrical Systems I Time/Place:MW 12:30-1:45 EDU 115 Pre-requisites: PHY 2049, PHY 2049L (Physics II and Lab) Co-requisites:MAP 2302 (Differential Equations) Textbook: Electrical Engineering: Concepts and Applications, Zekavat; ISBN:1269527045, by Pearson. j Course Coordinators: Dr. Sylvia Thomas Office Hours (instructor): TR 11:00 AM 12:15 PM Office:ENB 368 Telephone:813-974-4011 e-mail:sylvia@usf.edu Course Objectives: To study the fundamental principles and analysis techniques of electrical circuits: resistance, inductance, capacitance, dependent and independent sources, AC and DC circuits, transient and steady state analysis, operation and applications of basic electronic devices.

Slide 3

SyllabusSyllabus & Policies EGN 3373-Section 002 Electrical Systems I Course Objectives: To study the fundamental principles and analysis techniques of electrical circuits: resistance, inductance, capacitance, dependent and independent sources, AC and DC circuits, transient and steady state analysis, operation and applications of basic electronic devices. Topics: * Systems - * Signals digital, analog, processing * Circuits sources, elements, analysis * Electronics diodes, op amps, transistors * Controls transfer function, feedback * Electromagnetics transmission, RF

Slide 4

WHY ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING (EE) ? EE is the field of engineering that deals with the study of electricity, electronics, and electromagnetics (by controlling the flow of charges (or charged particles like electrons) and energy (in the form of electromagnetic waves)). Studying EE will help prepare you as a technical leader for projects, increase your versatility and diversity as an engineer able to apply skills to practical problems, and enhance cross discipline communications. The two key areas of EE deal with (a) energy/power generation, transmission, and consumption, and (b) information processing, storage, and transmission. There is essentially no device/system/appliance we use in our daily lives that does not use electricity !!

Slide 5

A conceptual model for electrical engineering design. An EE Systems Approach

Slide 6

Every product, application, function, and/or device is comprised of a system. A system is defined as a set of functionally related things, parts, products, organs, elements ..that form a complex whole to carryout specific activities, perform specific tasks, produce a specific output. This course emphasizes how electrical circuits are an integral part of these systems and how electrical/electronic elements can be understood in practical applications. A System

Slide 7

Computers Communications Instrumentation & Controls C yber P hysical S ystems Trans/Multi/Inter-disciplinary by its Own Nature Aerospace Robotics Medical Simulators An EE Systems Approach Cyber Physical Systems

Slide 8

Communication Systems Television Radio Mobile phones Internet (wired and wireless) Satellite systems And many more An EE Systems Approach

Slide 9

Computer Systems Your basic calculator Your sophisticated calculator ! Smart phones Computers Tablets E-readers And many more An EE Systems Approach

Slide 10

10 Specialized cables designed to carry currents alternating with a frequency such that wave nature of the current cannot be ignored. Why the need for specialized cables? If frequency is high and the cable is not properly designed, it can radiate like an antenna! What is the wave nature of current? Voltages and currents vary in magnitude and phase over the length of the TL. The total voltage and current can be written as a sum of two sinusoidals that look like + and traveling current/voltage waves. Waves have voltage to current ratio related to the electromagnetic field distribution of the cable: Characteristic impedance. Some common transmission lines (TLs) Example of a cage line (functions like large coaxial cable) used for high power, low frequency applications; antenna feedline for a radio transmitter that operates at 225 kHz (frequency) and 1200 kW (power). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_line An EE Systems Approach Transmitting Systems

Slide 11

Microprocessor Control Systems An EE Systems Approach

Slide 12

12 Whats a microprocessor? Whats it good for? The heart/brain of computers Its job: runs programs Thermostats Nuclear missiles Angry Birds How do micros work? How do requests (inputs) get turned into results (outputs)? Datapath and Control Arithmetic, Storage, Input/Output, Flow control How do we tell micros what to do? High-level programming Binary machine code Computer Microprocessor Program + Data 0010100101001 0100100100111 Output 1010010101000 0100101001010 Microprocessor Control Systems An EE Systems Approach

Slide 13

Digital Systems Replacing Analog Logic gates made with transistor circuits 1-bit adder made with logic gates 1-bit adder made with logic gates Digital systems Discrete voltages instead of continuous Simpler to design than analog circuits can build more sophisticated systems Digital systems replacing analog predecessors: i.e., digital cameras, digital television, cell phones, CDs Quantization: Mapping analog values (3.28 volts and 0.7 volts) to digital values (1s and 0s) An EE Systems Approach

Slide 14

Signal Processing Systems Electrical signals carry information Such as a recorded voice (Siri is a good example of a signal processing system) Or a photo you have taken with your smartphone Or a CT scan image when trying to diagnose disease An EE Systems Approach

Slide 15

Practical Applications of Systems Similar to sample systems presented in Chapter 1 An EE Systems Approach

Slide 16

Physical System Block Diagram & Mathematical Modeling High Level System Modeling An EE Systems Approach

Slide 17

Instrumentation and Controls Modeling of Physical Systems & System Identification Physical System Transfer Function Network Synthesis An EE Systems Approach

Slide 18

A Simple Radio Communication System Vocoder Forward Error Protection Coding Pulse shape Filtering & RF Modulation Interleaving CRC Coding D/A Symbol Mapping RF Out Allows for error detection in the receiver Allows for error correction in the receiver Improves error correction in the receiver (fading resistance) Maps digital symbols to analog signals Maps digital bits to symbols RADIO CHANNEL RADIO CHANNEL RADIO RECEIVER RADIO RECEIVER An EE Systems Approach

Slide 19

Transceiver: Role of a Transmitter 0 90 A D A D HPMX-2007 The lkhefw wlkhq wilehr wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q The lkhefw wlkhq wilehr wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw The lkhefw wlkhq wilehr wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. Power Supply Power Amplifier Mixer Oscillator Baseband Processor Modulator bias I Data Q Data 1. create carrier 2. add data to carrier 4. amplify to broadcast 3. shift to high frequency Information Antenna bias uP/ DSP A Simple Radio Communication System An EE Systems Approach

Slide 20

Transceiver: Role of a Receiver 0 90 A D A D HPMX-2007 The lkhefw wlkhq wilehr wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q The lkhefw wlkhq wilehr wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw The lkhefw wlkhq wilehr wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. esjlkh qwh wlh lihewrw wklhjr qlih qilh q q3wih q wejklh wajkhrqwilu wae. Power Supply uP/ DSP Low Noise Amplifier Mixer Oscillator Baseband Processor De-Modulator bias I Data Q Data 1. amplify received signal with min. added noise 2. shift to lower frequency (cost and/or performance) 3. LO for down conversion 4. discard carrier and recover data Information bias Antenna A Simple Radio Communication System An EE Systems Approach

Slide 21

1st.Generation (1980s) Analog NMT CT0 TACS CT1 AMPS 3rd. Generation (2000s) 2nd. Generation (1990s) Digital GSMDECT DCS1800CT2 PDCPHS IS-54 IS-95 IS-136 UP-PCS IMT-2000 CDMA2000 W-CDMA 4th Generation (2010s) IMT-advanced LTE, 802.16m Cellular Systems An EE Systems Approach

Slide 22

? Cellular Systems

Slide 23

Future System Terminals An EE Systems Approach

Slide 24

Cellular Systems

Slide 25

Everything Wireless in One Device An EE Systems Approach Cellular Systems

Slide 26

EE-6593 An EE Systems Approach Cellular Systems What do you think is one of the key elements of these systems? the Signal Processing

Slide 27

Signal Processing Humans are the most advanced signal processors speech and pattern recognition, speech synthesis, We encounter many types of signals in various applications Electrical signals: voltage, current, magnetic and electric fields, Mechanical signals: velocity, force, displacement, Acoustic signals: sound, vibration, Other signals: pressure, temperature, Most real-world signals are analog vs. digital They are continuous in time and amplitude Convert to voltage or currents using sensors and transducers Analog circuits process these signals using Resistors, Capacitors, Inductors, Amplifiers,

Slide 28

Processing of such signals includes storage, reconstruction, transmission, separation of information from noise, compression, feature extraction, etc. Digital signals represent discrete inputs (e.g. logic values 1, 0) and analog signals represent a continuum of inputs. Analog Signal Digital Signal Reference: Zekavat, Chapter 14, Section 14.4 Signal Processing

Slide 29

Signal improvement Signal acquisitions Signal compression Signal feature extraction Signal synthesis Signal generation, transmission, and reception

Slide 30

Limitations of Analog Signal Processing Accuracy limitations due to Component tolerances Undesired nonlinearities Limited repeatability due to Changes in environmental conditions Temperature Vibration Sensitivity to electrical noise Limited dynamic range for voltage and currents Inflexibility to changes Difficulty of implementing certain operations Nonlinear operations Time-varying operations Difficulty of storing information Signal Processing

Slide 31

Digital Signal Processing Represent signals by a sequence of numbers Analog-to-digital conversions (Sampling + Quantization) Perform processing on these numbers with a digital processor Digital signal processing Reconstruct analog signal from processed numbers Reconstruction or digital-to-analog conversion A/DDSPD/A analog signal analog signal digital signal

Slide 32

DSP is Everywhere Sound applications Compression, enhancement, special effects, synthesis, recognition, echo cancellation,enhancement Cell Phones, MP3 Players, Movies, Dictation, Text-to-speech, Communication Modulation, coding, detection, equalization, echo cancellation, Cell Phones, dial-up modem, DSL modem, Satellite Receiver, Automotive ABS, GPS, Active Noise Cancellation, Cruise Control, Parking, Medical Magnetic Resonance, Tomography, Electrocardiogram, Military Radar, Sonar, Space photographs, remote sensing, Image and Video Applications DVD, JPEG, Movie special effects, video conferencing, Mechanical Motor control, process control, oil and mineral prospecting,

Slide 33

Signals of interest include sound, images, radar, biological signals such as ECG, and many others. Digital Signal Processing

Slide 34

A series of trigonometric and arithmetic operations. Series of steps called algorithms Digital Processing a series of instructions to manipulate the digital numbers. Algorithm classes Spectral analysis Digital filtering Coding and compressing data Noise reduction Etc.

Slide 35

DSP is the analysis, interpretation, and manipulation of signals (in the digital domain). Digital Module: Bits, Binary, & Decimal These signals can be represented by codes using two discrete values: 1s and 0s 1, TRUE, HIGH 0, FALSE, LOW Digital circuits can use voltage levels to represent 1s and 0s Digital Signals for EE Systems