Efforts toward Science and Technology

for Disaster Reduction

in Japan

Director, Office for Disaster Reduction Research

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology （MEXT）

Government of Japan

December 2006

Koichi ABE

Asia Disaster Reduction Science and Technology Forum

1. Research and Development System in Japan(1) Government’s system in Japan

(2) Science and Technology Basic Plan / Research and Development Policy on Disaster Reduction

2. Introduction of Projects of Japan(1) The major S&T research issues in Japan

(2) Special Project for Earthquake Disaster Mitigation in Urban Areas

(3) 3-D Full-Scale Earthquake Testing Facility (E-defense)

(4) Ocean-bottom network system

(5) Emergency earthquake information system

(6) Measures against other disasters

3. Introduction of International Contribution of Japan(1) Characteristics of Asian disasters

(2) Research and Development under the international framework

(3) Research cooperation and international conference in Asia-Pacific region

(4) Natural phenomena observations in Asia-Pacific region

(5) Sentinel-Asia Project

OUTLINE

Government’s system in Japan on Science and Technology for Disaster Reduction

Cabinet Office

MLITMin. of Land, Infrastructure and Transport

MAFFMin. of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

Other Ministries

MEXTMin. of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology

HERP Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion

NIED National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention

National Universities

Japan Meteorological Agency （JMA）

Geographical Survey Institute （GSI）

Other National Research Institutes

Inter-ministry Coordination on S&T for Disaster Reduction

CSTPCouncil for S&T Policy

CDMCCentral Disaster

Management Council

plans and coordinates specific programs in key areas of national policy

MIC Min. of Internal Affairs and Communications

Fire & Disaster Management Agency （FDMA）

National Research Institutes

Science and Technology Basic PlanResearch and Development Policy on Disaster Reduction

Strategic Priority Setting in S&T◎Promotion of basic research◎Priority setting in R&D policy oriented subjects

・4 fields to be promoted;

・4 important prioritized fields;life science, IT, environmental science, and nanotechnology・materials

energy, MONO-DUKURI, infrastructure, and frontiers

Including “Disaster Reduction area”

S&T System Reform◎Fostering human resources as well as encouraging their S&T activities◎Developing science and creating continuous innovation◎Strengthening research-educational for S&T promotion◎Strategically promoting international activities

Especially, cooperation with Asian countries

S&T Basic Plan R&D Policy on Disaster Reduction

1. Total disaster management based on risk management2. Upgrading hazard maps3. Understanding failure processes of structures in earthquake4. Seismic assessment and retrofit of existing structures5. Rescue measures for the weak in disaster6. Optimization of recovery and reconstruction processes7. Intensive utilization of advanced technology for disaster reduction8. Disaster information management9. R&D under the international framework

Emphasis◎Earthquake disasters◎Urban disasters

High Priority Area in R&D

Contribution to the Enhancement of Society’s Disaster Resilience

specifying

The major S&T issues on disaster reduction at each ministry and agency

・・Study on the characteristics of Study on the characteristics of crustal deformationcrustal deformation around the Tonankai and Nankai around the Tonankai and Nankai RegionsRegions

Geographical Survey Geographical Survey InstituteInstitute

・・Study on evaluation methods for Study on evaluation methods for volcanic activityvolcanic activity・・Study of process of structural change ofStudy of process of structural change of typhoonstyphoons passed by surrounding Japan and passed by surrounding Japan and specific cases of specific cases of high windshigh winds, , heavy rainsheavy rains, and , and storm surgesstorm surges caused by the typhoonscaused by the typhoons etc.etc.

Meteorological Research Meteorological Research Institute, JMA Institute, JMA

・・Simulation model for Simulation model for urban fire disastersurban fire disasters using fire wind tunnel experiments and CFDusing fire wind tunnel experiments and CFD・・Research on the structural safety of roofing damaged due to Research on the structural safety of roofing damaged due to strong windsstrong winds etc.etc.

Building Research Building Research InstituteInstitute

・・Research on economical Research on economical seismic retrofit technologiesseismic retrofit technologies for civil infrastructuresfor civil infrastructures・・Research on enhancing techniques for mitigating damage caused byResearch on enhancing techniques for mitigating damage caused by slope collapse and slope collapse and fluidizationfluidization

Public Works Research Public Works Research InstituteInstitute

・・Study for performanceStudy for performance--based design of seawalls for controlled waste disposal taking inbased design of seawalls for controlled waste disposal taking into to account largeaccount large--scale scale earthquakeearthquake motion etc.motion etc.

National Institute for National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Land and Infrastructure ManagementManagement

・・Development of technologies for prompt disaster prevention and aDevelopment of technologies for prompt disaster prevention and alleviation measures lleviation measures utilizing disaster information and consideration of promotion poutilizing disaster information and consideration of promotion policylicy

Engineering Affairs Engineering Affairs Division, MinisterDivision, Minister’’s s SecretariatSecretariat

MLITMLIT

・・Survey on the methods of predicting the risk of a second failureSurvey on the methods of predicting the risk of a second failure at the site of a at the site of a slope slope failurefailure

National Research National Research Institute for Fire and Institute for Fire and DisasterDisaster

MICMIC

・・Research on Research on seismic activityseismic activity in the Kanto and Tokai regionsin the Kanto and Tokai regions・・Research on countermeasures against Research on countermeasures against heavy rainsheavy rains, , strong windsstrong winds, and , and landslideslandslides・・Research to predict the occurrence of Research to predict the occurrence of snow and icesnow and ice related natural disasters etc.related natural disasters etc.

National Research National Research Institute for Earth Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Science and Disaster PreventionPrevention

・・Basic research on Basic research on natural disastersnatural disastersNational universitiesNational universities

・・Special Project for Special Project for EarthquakeEarthquake Disaster Mitigation In Urban Areas etc.Disaster Mitigation In Urban Areas etc.R&D BureauR&D BureauMEXTMEXT

SubjectSubjectResearch InstitutesResearch InstitutesMinistryMinistry FY2005

Special Project for Earthquake Disaster Mitigation in Urban Areas (Dai-Dai-Toku) (FY2002-FY2006)

５ ６ ７

Integration of earthquake disaster mitigation research results・Retrofit of policy and system enforcing the ability for disaster prevention・Construction of system to collect, process, and transmit disaster information

changing by time・Development of a tool drafting a plan for making smooth the process of

recovery and reconstruction

Significant improvement of seismicperformance of structures

Survey and research of regional characterization of the crust in metropolitan areas

Destruction experiments of full size testing structure ①Wooden houses②RC frame③Soil-structure interaction

Advanced disaster management system

○Development of integrated earthquake disaster simulation systems○Development of frontier simulation technologies

Contribution to earthquake disaster mitigation measures～ Drastic reduction of the loss of human

life and property caused by large earthquakes in major urban areas ～

Full operation of "E-Defense

Prediction of strong ground motion

Simulation

Robots

E-DefenseIntensity of tremor level

Development of advanced robots and information systems for disaster response

②

①

③

Survey by deep drilling

Deep seismic explosion

(Using elastic wave caused

by artificial earthquake)

To contribute to compile a detail version of seismic hazard map covering metropolitan areas

3-D Full-Scale Earthquake Testing Facility “E-defense”

Construction of E-Defense（１９９８～２００５）

2005: E-Defense starts its operationFull-scale destructive experiments are to be conducted

Site : Miki , Hyogo Pref. Construction Cost : 45Billion yenShaking Table Area : 20m×15mPayload : 1,200tfE-Defense can reproduce the ground motion recorded during at the 1995 Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake

Prevention of the collapse of structures is the most urgent countermeasure

The DaiThe Dai--DaiDai--TokuToku Project (Special Project for Earthquake Project (Special Project for Earthquake Disaster Mitigation in Urban AreasDisaster Mitigation in Urban Areas：：2002~2006)2002~2006)

Research on mitigation of earthquake damage in urban areas

Reinforced Concrete Structures

Wooden Structures

Research topics:■ Understanding failure processes of structures■ Understanding the effects of earthquake on aging

structures■ Verifying seismic retrofitting technologies■ Developing countermeasures against soil liquefaction

■ Verification of seismic isolation technology■ Contribution to the development of technical standards

for various structure types■ Development of low cost seismic retrofitting technologies

and promotion of retrofitting aged structures

◆Casualties1995 Hanshin-Awaji : 6,400 2003 Iran Bam: more than 50,000

◆Economic loss1995 Hanshin-Awaji : 12 trillion yenProbable Tokai : around 37 trillion yen

～ Expected Outcomes～

Great earthquake damage

Constructed by National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED)

Foundation and Geotechnical Structures

Ocean-bottom Network System against Ocean-trench Earthquake and Tsunami

(i) Establish highly sophisticated earthquake estimation models(ii) Detect crustal movement and other phenomena as it might occur prior to an earthquake(iii) Contribute to disaster prevention by speedy and accurate earthquake information

◎ Many assumed source regions of huge earthquakes around Japan

An ocean-bottom network system will be put in place off the coast of Kii Peninsula.(consists of seismographs, pressure gages, GPS, etc.)

Infrastructure Plans from FY2006～2009

Kii Peninsula

Seismic stations in Indonesia (by NIED)

Research on ocean-trench earthquakes

◎ Their last collapses started in the area off the Kii Peninsula (1944 and 1946).

・Magnitude：8 class・Casualties：25,000 (max)・Economic loss：80 trillion yen (max)

◎ The Tonankai and The Nankai earthquakes may occur in the near future.

Estimated scale & damage

Emergency Earthquake Information SystemTransmitting real-time earthquake information prior to major earthquake-induced ground motion by(1)detecting P waves close to the source of the earthquake(2)immediately estimating its magnitude and epicenter.

○The way of immediately processing earthquake information to determine the magnitude and epicenterJMA has developed the different way of processing from NIED, but each one has different merits each other.－JMA’s way is better in the point of determining the magnitude.－NIED’s way is better in the point of determining the epicenter.

( JMA uses both ways )

○Study about the way of practical useexample;－To enable many children to evacuate prior to the principal

shock arriving by setting a warning system －To shut off household gas mains to prevent fire－To open doors to prevent occupants from being trapped

To drastically improve an accuracy of determination

Research Theme 1

Research Theme 2

NIED

MEXT

REIC

Otherinstitutes

JMA

Research

Providing emergency earthquake information

Providing research results

Estimation of magnitude, epicenter, intensity, etc.

Emergency response

User

Example of display

Intensity 4, 12 seconds remain

Measures against Other Disasters

MP-radar network Urban Floods

Landslides

Prediction of landslides and urban floods using Multi-Parameter Radar Research into volcanic eruption and disaster mitigation

Remote SensingNew-VAM・SAR

Observation Network

Research project for developing a snow disaster forecasting system and snow hazard maps Against other disasters

・Study on long term projection of typhoon disasters・Strong motion prediction and seismic hazard evaluation・Seismic disaster reduction frontier research・Research project on disaster risk governance・Super computing for disaster mitigation etc.

Rainfall simulator

Lava flowsComputer Simulation

Modeling of snowfall

Snow disaster forecasting system

Snowslide simulation

Characteristics of Asian Disasters◎Versatility and high frequency (68% of world loss) ◎Dense population / North-South issues ◎Bias to response rather than mitigation

floods, slope failure, drought, etc.

Necessity of international cooperation・Research cooperation・International conference・Transferring of technology・Training in other countries・Observation by the satellite etc.

Contribution to disaster reductionin Asian region

Difficulty of coping with various disasters by an individual country

International conference

Earth observation satellite

deployment of seismograph

Observation network

GDP density

earthquake volcano

population density

typhoon-cyclone

tsunami

International Contribution

◎The third Earth Observation Summit （2005.2）

◎The United Nations World Conference on Disaster Reduction （2005.1）

“10-YEAR IMPLEMENTATION PLAN”： Reducing loss of life and property from natural and human-induced disasters

“Hyogo Framework for Action”：Building the resilience of nations and communities to disaster

Research cooperation & research support

International conferences

Seismic observations in Asia and Pacific

APEC-EqTAP Seminar

Memorial Conference on the 2004 Giant Earthquake and Tsunami in the Indian Ocean

3 months of JICA group training course by NIED

Training in NIED

Other international contributionMEXT-NIED Project

Disaster Reduction Hyperbase-Asian Application-

Earth Observation Satellite

Background

EqTAP : Development of Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster Mitigation Technologies and their Integration to the Asia-Pacific Region

◎The Joint Committee of Indonesia and Japan on Disaster Reduction （2006.1 , 2006.7）

◎Japan-Indonesia Joint Statement （2006.11）“Building the Resilience of Indonesia and its Communities to Disasters for the Next Generation”

“Strategic Partnership for Peaceful and Prosperous Future”

Seismic stations in Asia and Pacific

Maintenance of a seismic station in Indonesia

Installation of seismic station in Fiji

Sentinel-Asia ProjectSentinel-Asia Project is:・The first step of the Disaster Management Support System in the Asia-Pacific region*・Information Sharing Platform for quick dissemination of disaster information through Web-GIS (Digital-Asia) ・Cooperation with total of 51 agencies from 18 countries and 7 international organizations* Launched at the Asia Pacific Region Space Agency Forum (APRSAF)-12,2005

２．２． Information Sharing PlatformInformation Sharing Platform

Digital Asia By JAXA,AIT, &Keio Univ.

ALOS Rapid Response System By JAXA etc,.

images Disaster damage monitoring

Disaster Management Agencies

disasterdisaster--preventionpreventionactivityactivity

Warning, Rescue, Refugevolcano

flood

wildfire accident at sea

marine pollution

typhoon

earthquake

ALOS, MODIS stations１．１．Observation SystemObservation System

Informationsharing

３．３．Capacity Building Capacity Building By AIT and JAXA

Closure

・ Our common experience in natural disasters

・ Wide distribution of knowledge on disaster reduction

・ Concern for different social situation and local characteristic

・ Learning about the humanities and social sciences

Terima kasih.

Thank you.