efficient video on demand

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

T oday, fiber-to-the-X (FTTx) technologies such as 1 Gbps Ethernet passiveoptical networks (EPONs) and 2.488 Gbps gigabit Pans (GPONs) are being

increasingly deployed in broadband access networks. Thus, true triple-play service

with emphasis on video is becoming possible. Video-ondemand (VoD) service,

which is in the deployment stage, is a frontrunner in video services.

It is a very promising service as a revenue source, since VoD service has

great potential to capture a significant fraction of the traditional 25 billion annual

video rental market in the near future. To provide VoD service economically by

reducing the costs to the service provider and user, quite a lot of research attention

has been generated on efficient VoD network architectures and mechanisms, e.g.,

content allocation and content delivery.

Video streaming schemes, which include broadcasting, batching, patching,

stream merging, and a hybrid approach, are well-known examples of efficient

video-delivery mechanisms. Unlike unicast streaming, this provides a separate

unicast video stream to each VoD request, these streaming schemes use multicast

streaming and exploit user storage.

Thus, they can save on video delivery cost by reducing the required network bandwidth while providing the same service quality to users. However, most

previous research mainly focused on the improvement of the streaming scheme

itself to save on network bandwidth, without considering other important factors.

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CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 A Hybrid Architecture for Cost-Effective On-Demand Media Streaming

Author : Mohamed M. Hefeeda, Bharat K. Bhargava, and David K. Y. Yau

We propose a new architecture for on-demand media streaming centered

around the peer-to-peer (P2P) paradigm. The key idea of the architecture is that

peers share some of their resources with the system. As peers contribute resources

to the system, the overall system capacity increases and more clients can be served.

The proposed architecture employs several novel techniques to: (1) use the often-underutilized peers resource, which makes the proposed architecture both

deployable and cost-effective,

(2) Aggregate contributions from multiple peers to serve a requesting peer so that

supplying peers are not overloaded,

(3) Make a good use of peer heterogeneity by assigning relatively more work to the

powerful peers, and

(4) Organize peers in a network-aware fashion, such that nearby peers are grouped

into a logical entity called a cluster. The network-aware peer organization is

validated by statistics collected and analyzed from real Internet data. The main

benefit of the network-aware peer organization

is that it allows to develop efficient searching (to locate nearby suppliers) and

dispersion (to disseminate new files into the system) algorithms.

We present network-aware searching and dispersion algorithms that result

in:

(i) fast dissemination of new media files,

(ii) reduction of the load on the underlying network,

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(iii) Better streaming service.

We demonstrate the potential of the proposed architecture for a large-scale

on-demand media streaming service through an extensive simulation study onlarge, Internet-like, topologies. Starting with a limited streaming capacity (hence,

low cost), the simulation shows that the capacity rapidly increases and many

clients can be served. This occurs for all studied arrival patterns, including constant

rate arrivals, flash crowd arrivals, and Poisson arrivals.

Furthermore, the simulation shows that a reasonable client-side initial

buffering of 10-20 seconds is sufficient to ensure full quality playback even in the

presence of peer failures.

2.2 Video-on-Demand Networks: Design Approaches and Future Challenges

IP network-based deployments of Interactive Video-on-Demand (VoD)

systems are today very limited in scope, but there is a strong belief among

telecommunication companies that this market will expand exponentially in the

next few years. In this paper, we outline the components of VoD architectures and

survey the current approaches to their design.

We strive to identify the research challenges that must be addressed in the

development of design tools that can determine how to expand upon an existing

network infrastructure in order to support Video-on-Demand.

The long-tail of content and extensive usage growth are expected to have a

major impact on the streaming and storage requirements of such systems. HybridVoD architectures that incorporate peer-to-peer exchange are an extremely

promising paradigm, but there are many challenges in developing operational and

economically-feasible peer-to peer systems.

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CHAPTER 3

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

3.1EXISTING SYSTEM:

The algorithm used in the existing system is Video Playback Speed

Streaming (VPSS).

Unicast streaming is used.

The problem is bandwidth saving, optimal usage in storage network.

3.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM:

To provide more efficient VoD streaming, three important factors should be

considered:

(1) An efficient streaming scheme for bandwidth savings,

(2) Optimal use of deployed network bandwidth

(3) Proactive use of user storage.

Multicast streaming is used in proposed system. We exploit the patching

scheme as an efficient bandwidth-saving streaming scheme and propose several

novel approaches to include items. The prior patching scheme, where all thestreaming speed is playback speed, is called video playback speed streaming

(VPSS). We compare the performance of our proposed schemes.

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CHAPTER 4

REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION

4.1 Hardware Requirements:

Processor : Intel P3 and above

Processor Speed : 1 GHz

RAM : 512 MB and above

Hard Disk Capacity : 40 GB and above

4.2 Software Requirements:

Front-End : JSP

Back-End : SQL Server

Web Server : TomcatOperating System : Windows XP

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CHAPTER 5

Software Description

5.1 Front End

Java Server Pages (JSP)

Java Server Pages (JSP) technology enables Web developers and designers

to rapidly develop and easily maintain, information-rich, dynamic Web pages that

leverage existing business systems. As part of the Java technology family, JSP

technology enables rapid development of Web-based applications that are platform

independent. JSP technology separates the user interface from content generation,

enabling designers to change the overall page layout without altering the

underlying dynamic content.

Benefits for Developers

If you are a Web page developer or designer who is familiar with HTML,

you can:

Use JSP technology without having to learn the Java language :

You can use JSP technology without learning how to write Java scrip lets.

Although script lets are no longer required to generate dynamic content, they are

still supported to provide backward compatibility.

Extend the JSP language : Java tag library developers and designers

can extend the JSP language with "simple tag handlers," which utilize a new, muchsimpler and cleaner, tag extension API. This spurs the growing number of

pluggable, reusable tag libraries available, which in turn reduces the amount of

code needed to write powerful Web applications.

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Easily write and maintain pages : The Java Server Pages Standard

Tag Library (JSTL) expression language is now integrated into JSP technology and

has been upgraded to support functions. The expression language can now be used

instead of script let expressions.

5.2 Back End

SQL (Structured Query Language)

This article is the first in an educational series offered by SQL AB aimed

towards providing the reader with valuable insight into the SQL database server.

Although future articles will delve into some of the more complicated topicssurrounding SQL, including replication, ODBC and optimization, it was thought to

be prudent if the first tutorial started, well, at the beginning. Therefore the goal of

this article is to thoroughly acquaint the reader with various topics surrounding the

basic functioning of SQL.

THE SQL SERVER

Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database management system produced

by Microsoft. It supports a superset of Structured Query Language SQL, the most

common database language. It is commonly used by businesses for small to

medium sized databases, but the past five years have seen greater adoption of the

product for larger enterprise databases.

Microsoft SQL Server uses a variant of SQL called T-SQL, or Transact-

SQL , an implementation of SQL-92 (the ISO standard for SQL, certified in 1992)

with some extensions. T-SQL mainly adds additional syntax for use in stored

procedures , and affects the syntax of transaction support. (Note that SQL standards

require Atomic, Consistent, Isolated, Durable or "ACID" transactions.) Microsoft

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transact-SQLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transact-SQLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL-92http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stored_procedurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stored_procedurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_transactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACIDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transact-SQLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transact-SQLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL-92http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stored_procedurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stored_procedurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_transactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACID


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SQL Server and Sybase/ASE both communicate over networks using an

application-level protocol called Tabular Data Stream (TDS). The TDS protocol

has also been implemented by the Free TDS project in order to allow more kinds of

client applications to communicate with Microsoft SQL Server and Sybasedatabases. Microsoft SQL Server also supports Open Database Connectivity

(ODBC).

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CHAPTER 6

SYSTEM DESIGN

6.1 System Architecture:

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Start

Server Client

Upload DeleteAudio Video

Textfile

Audio

Video

Textfile

Audio

Video

Textfile

View

Download

View

Download

View

Download


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6.2.Usecase Diagram :

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6.3.Class Diagram:

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7.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT:

Previous research on streaming schemes mainly focused on efficiencyenhancement (e.g., server bandwidth savings) of streaming technology. However,

even though a streaming scheme itself may be optimal in the aspect of server

bandwidth savings, it may not be an optimal solution in real VoD service

environments to satisfy other constraints and objectives. For example, we may

think that using the optimum patching window with playback-speed (i.e., lowest-

speed) streaming can minimize the required server bandwidth. However, since the

request rate or traffic is low during most of the day and very high during peak

periods, we ask (1) does the streaming speed need to be uniform (i.e., playback

speed) at all times, and (2) if the service provider designs the network to support

the peak request rate, isnt it better to use the idle bandwidth in less-busy periods

than to use constant-speed streaming? Suppose we use video playback-speed

streaming (VPSS), which is defined as a patching scheme where all the streams,

including multicast streams and patch streams, have the same playback speed. In

the absence of capacity constraints or congestion, VPSS is ideal and can serve

more users than other higher speed streaming, since it uses minimum total

bandwidth for a group of requests. However, VPSS can become problematic when

network bandwidth is congested, since each stream takes the bandwidth for a

longer time. Thus, if a new request comes when all the bandwidth is fully used, the

request will wait for a long time until the streaming for a previous request finishesand bandwidth for streaming the new video is available. Thus, the waiting time for

a new request may increase significantly beyond what a customer may accept. This

means customer dissatisfaction and revenue reduction for the service provider.

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7.2 ALGORITHM

1) VAST (video adaptive streaming)

2) VGAST (video greedy adaptive streaming)

These two algorithms are implemented coding level.

7.2.1 VAST Algorithm:

Our VAST algorithm is summarized below:

1) First request for each video title is served by a multicast stream, which has

minimum speed, i.e., playback speed, so later requests can join the stream as

quickly as possible.

2) Later requests, which are in the patching window, are served by patch streams,

the speed of which is inversely proportional to the current request rate and

popularity.

3) A later request, which is the first request outside the patching window, is served

by a new multicast stream.

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4) Patching window for each video is changed in each time period by video

popularity and current request rate.

5) If a patch stream crosses over to the next patching window, its streaming speed

is changed to that time periods streaming speed.

7.2.2 VGAST Algorithm:

The VAST algorithm uses the less-busy times bandwidth more and the

busier times bandwidth less by changing the streaming speed inverse

proportionately to the request rate. Thus, we can improve the efficiency of network

bandwidth usage and reduce the user waiting time.

In VGAST, the first request for each video is provided by a multicast stream

with minimum speed, and later requests are served by this ongoing multicast

stream and another patch stream. The difference between VAST and VGAST is

that the speed of the patch stream in VGAST depends on the available bandwidth

rather than the request rate. Therefore, each patch stream can use the available

bandwidth more efficiently without leaving any unused bandwidth.

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CHAPTER 8

MODULES

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8.1 Modules Description:

Two main modules

1. Server 2. Client

Server module:

1. Audio Upload

2. Video Upload

3. Document Upload4. Audio Delete

5. Video Delete

6. Document Delete

Client Module:

1. Audio Download

2. Video Download

3. Document Download

8.2 Server Module:

Audio Upload:

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In this module, we can upload any audio file using browse

option and then want to convert that file into zip file.

Video Upload:

In this module, we can upload any video file using browse

option and then want to convert that file into zip file.

Document Upload:

In this module, we can upload any text file using browse option

and then want to convert that file into zip file.

Audio Delete:

In this module, we can delete any audio files that are uploaded

already in the server.

Video Delete:In this module, we can delete any video files that are uploaded


Document Delete:

In this module, we can delete any text files that are uploaded


8.2.1 DATAFLOW DIAGRAM

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8.3 Client:

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Audio Download:

In this module, any number of clients can download and view

the audio files that are stored in the server.

Video Download:

In this module, any number of clients can download and view

the video files that are stored in the server.

Document Download:

In this module, any number of clients can download the text

files that are stored in the server.

8.3.1 DATAFLOW DIAGRAM

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CHAPTER 9

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SYSTEM TESTING

The purpose of testing is to discover errors. Testing is the process of trying to

discover every conceivable fault or weakness in a work product. It provides a way

to check the functionality of components, sub assemblies, assemblies and/or a

finished product It is the process of exercising software with the intent of ensuring

that the Software system meets its requirements and user expectations and does not

fail in an unacceptable manner. There are various types of test. Each test type

addresses a specific testing requirement.

9.1 TYPES OF TESTS

9.1.1 Unit testing

Unit testing involves the design of test cases that validate that the internal

program logic is functioning properly, and that program inputs produce valid

outputs. All decision branches and internal code flow should be validated. It is the

testing of individual software units of the application .it is done after the

completion of an individual unit before integration. This is a structural testing, that

relies on knowledge of its construction and is invasive. Unit tests perform basic

tests at component level and test a specific business process, application, and/or

system configuration. Unit tests ensure that each unique path of a business process

performs accurately to the documented specifications and contains clearly defined

inputs and expected results.

9.1.2 Integration testing

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Integration tests are designed to test integrated software components to

determine if they actually run as one program. Testing is event driven and is more

concerned with the basic outcome of screens or fields. Integration tests

demonstrate that although the components were individually satisfaction, as shownby successfully unit testing, the combination of components is correct and

consistent. Integration testing is specifically aimed at exposing the problems that

arise from the combination of components.

9.1.3 Functional test

Functional tests provide systematic demonstrations that functions tested are

available as specified by the business and technical requirements, system

documentation, and user manuals.

Functional testing is centered on the following items:

Valid Input : identified classes of valid input must be accepted.

Invalid Input : identified classes of invalid input must be rejected.

Functions : identified functions must be exercised.

Output : identified classes of application outputs must be

exercised.

Systems/Procedures : interfacing systems or procedures must be

invoked.

Organization and preparation of functional tests is focused on requirements, key

functions, or special test cases. In addition, systematic coverage pertaining to

identify Business process flows; data fields, predefined processes, and successive

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processes must be considered for testing. Before functional testing is complete,

additional tests are identified and the effective value of current tests is determined.

9.1.4 System Test

System testing ensures that the entire integrated software system meets

requirements. It tests a configuration to ensure known and predictable results. An

example of system testing is the configuration oriented system integration test.

System testing is based on process descriptions and flows, emphasizing pre-driven

process links and integration points.

9.1.5 White Box Testing

White Box Testing is a testing in which in which the software tester has

knowledge of the inner workings, structure and language of the software, or at least

its purpose. It is purpose. It is used to test areas that cannot be reached from a black

box level.

9.1.6 Black Box Testing

Black Box Testing is testing the software without any knowledge of the inner

workings, structure or language of the module being tested. Black box tests, as

most other kinds of tests, must be written from a definitive source document, such

as specification or requirements document, such as specification or requirements

document. It is a testing in which the software under test is treated, as a black

box .you cannot see into it. The test provides inputs and responds to outputs

without considering how the software works.

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CHAPTER 10

SOURCE CODE

INDEX.JSP

Untitled Document

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&

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sp;

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sp;

Start V-O-D

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nbsp;&nb

sp;

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SERVERSIGNUPDATA.JSP

New Page 1


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try

{

String s="insert into serverdata

values('"+s1+"','"+s2+"','"+s3+"','"+s4+"','"+s5+"','"+s6+"')";

Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");

Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection("Jdbc:Odbc:video");

Statement stmt=con.createStatement();

Boolean bo=stmt.execute(s);

if(!bo)

{

response.sendRedirect("http://192.168.1.20/video/serverlogin.jsp");

}

}

catch(Exception ex)

{

out.println(ex);

}

%>

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SERVERUPLOAD.JSP

New Page 1


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values('"+s1+"','"+s2+"','"+s3+"','"+s4+"','"+s5+"','"+s6+"')";





if(!bo)

{


}

}

catch(Exception ex)

{

out.println(ex);

}

%>

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SERVERVALIDATE.JSP

New Page 1


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values('"+s1+"','"+s2+"','"+s3+"','"+s4+"','"+s5+"','"+s6+"')";





if(!bo)

{


}

}

catch(Exception ex)

{

out.println(ex);

}

%>

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SUCCESSAUDIOUPLOAD.JSP

New Page 1

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Successfully Audio

Uploaded.......................

SUCCESSFILEUPLOAD.JSP

New Page 1

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Successfully Audio

Uploaded.......................

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CHAPTER 11

SCREEN SHOTS

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CHAPTER 12

CONCLUSION

We have proposed efficient VoD streaming algorithms for a PON based onthree exploitable resources: an efficient streaming scheme for bandwidth savings,

optimal use of deployed network bandwidth, and proactive use of user storage.

These algorithms use a method that adaptively increases the streaming speed when

the request rate is low and decreases the speed when the request rate is high by

considering the patching scheme, video popularity, and VoD request model to

maximize the use of available network bandwidth. The most efficient algorithm,

VGAST-PB, exploits the user storage proactively in addition to the adaptive

streaming strategy. We showed the efficiency of these algorithms by analyzing the

user waiting time in broadband access networks. Numerical results show that,

when the available network bandwidth is reduced below the required level due to

background traffic, the algorithm can considerably reduce the average user waiting

time and the number of waiting requests. This also means that the proposed

schemes can dramatically reduce the required network bandwidth for the same

service.

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CHAPTER 13

FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

To achieve more practical and user-centric algorithms, we need to consider user

interaction behavior such as VCR functions for VoD service. Some of the previous

research works such as analyzed the methods to support VCR function with

multicast streaming, even though they did not consider the optimum streaming

speed as we analyzed in this paper. Considering VCR functions increases the

complexity and decreases the efficiency of multicast streaming schemes. Reference

shows that multicast streaming schemes are not so efficient if they support

interactive VCR functions, because contingency channels are required to support

VCR functions. The number of contingency channels increases in proportion to the

frequency of VCR actions, which significantly increases the system bandwidth.

Therefore, one of the future research directions might be to find the optimum

streaming speed when the efficient multicast Streaming schemes are applied with

VCR functions.

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CHAPTER 14

REFERENCES

1. F. Thouin and M. Coates, Video-on-demand networks: design approaches andfuture challenges, IEEE Network , vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 4248, Mar./Apr. 2007.

2. K. Couch, Raising the bar for triple play with VoD, Converge! Network

Digest , Jan. 2005.

3. B. Wang, S. Sen, M. Adler, and D. Towsley, Optimal proxy cache allocation

for efficient streaming media distribution, IEEE Trans. Multimedia , vol. 6, no. 2,

pp. 366374, Mar. 2004.

4. M. M. Hefeeda, B. K. Bhargava, and D. K. Y. Yau, A hybrid architecture for

cost-effective on-demand media streaming, Comput. Netw. , vol. 44, no. 3, pp.

353382, Feb. 2004.

5. K. A. Hua, M. A. Tantaoui, and W. Tavanapong, Video delivery technologies

for large-scale deployment of multimedia applications, Proc. IEEE , vol. 92, no. 9,

pp. 14391451, Sept. 2004.

REFERENCE WEBSITE:

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org

http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/tip

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