efficient or just busy?
TRANSCRIPT
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Hi, I’m Pawel
Lunar Logic http://llp.pl
Software Project Management http://brodzinski.com
Twitter @pawelbrodzinski
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Once upon a time…
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Why?
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100% utilization
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Cost of multitasking
Source: Gerald Weinberg, Quality Software Management: Vol. 1 System Thinking
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Zeigarnik Effect: Tendency to experience intrusive thought about
an objective left incomplete
Source: S. Greist-Bousquet, N. Shiffman: The effect of task interrupton and closure on perceived duration
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Cost of task switching is rooted in interference from thoughts about the task your are not doing
Eyal Ophir
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Time to market
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Catching up UM… HOW DOES THIS DARN CODE WORK,
AGAIN?
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More mistakes
Source: E. Ophir, C. Nass, A. Wagner: Cognitive control in media multitaskers
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On a highway
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In a call center
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Ball Flow
Game
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No WIP Limits
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Using WIP Limits
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Total time: 25% better
Average cycle time: 60% better
Predictability*: 90% better
*Standard deviation
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Not the whole truth
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Cutting corners
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Not sustainable
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Why something that intuitive seems so counterintuitive when we talk about management?
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…and they lived happily ever after
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5O
WIP limits!
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Average cycle time: 50% better
Pessimistic scenario: 53% better
Predictability*: 65% better
*80th percentile
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Why?
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Slack time
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Automation
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Code quality
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Simple configuration
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Self-balancing team
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Slack time introduced by WIP limits drives continuous
improvement
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When introducing WIP limits start with 2x average WIP
Don Reinertsen
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Cost of rejected work: 1% worse
Cost of idle capacity: 1% worse
Average cycle time: 28% better
Source: Don Reinertsen, #lkce12 keynote
WIP Limit = 2x Average WIP
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Cost of rejected work: 13% worse
Cost of idle capacity: 11% worse
Average cycle time: 72% better
Source: Don Reinertsen, #lkce12 keynote
WIP Limit = 0.5x Average WIP
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Are aggressive WIP limits useful?
2O
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What’s the use of slack time?
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Idle time only?
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Helping others
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Learning
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System improvements!
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Cost of rejected work
What’s the value of rejected work?
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More than a half the features in large software products go unused
Source: Victor R. Basili, Barry Boehm, COTS-Based Systems Top 10 List
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Cost of idle capacity
Is that capacity really wasted?
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Employees possess the ability for creative problem solving, but their talents are underused in most organizations
Source: Douglas McGregor, Theory Y
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Average cycle time
What happens to cycle time thanks to improvements?
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CO
ST O
F DEL
AY
LONG-TERM VALUE
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CO
ST O
F DEL
AY
Project and product
work
LONG-TERM VALUE
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CO
ST O
F DEL
AY
Project and product
work System
improvements
LONG-TERM VALUE
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CO
ST O
F DEL
AY
Project and product
work System
improvements
LONG-TERM VALUE
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Takeouts
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100% utilization is a myth
1OO%
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Introducing WIP limits results in improved efficiency
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Slack time sets us on path of continuous improvement
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Efficient doesn’t mean busy Busy doesn’t mean efficient
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Thank you
Pawel Brodzinski
blog.brodzinski.com
llp.pl
@pawelbrodzinski