1MARINTEK

Efficient information management in shipping

Ørnulf Jan RødsethResearch Director, MARINTEK e-Maritime

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The main theme of the presentation

The use of information and communication technology (ICT) to achieve better operational

performance and by that reduced environmental impact.

Based on examples, look at future requirements for communication and information

management.

HTTP links

to relevant projects where applicable.

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Development of official strategies for extended use of ICT in the maritime area

e-Navigation

Focus on nautical aspects (IMO/IALA domain)

Strategy finished,

implementation started

e-Maritimee-Navigation

e-Maritime

EU DG TREB

Wider scope: Maritime transport

Strategy finished by 2012

www.marcom.no

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Contents

Emerging ICT based applications

New communication systems

Improved information management

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Port clearance –

Single Window

Today: About 25 messages, often paper or PDF.

1948 The Berlin Airlift1950-60s Trade Simplification (SITPRO)1950-60s Aligned Documents1960s Proprietary/Private EDI Standards1970s UNTDED1970s UNLK1970s UCC/EAN Bar Code/Product Code Standards1980s UNEDIFACT Electronic Message Standards1990s WCO/CCC Data Elements Standards2004 UNCEFACT Single Window Guidelines2004 UneDocs Initiative2004 WCO Unique Consignment ID2005/6 Expanded WCO Database: DG Track and Trace

Single Window History

Tomorrow: Electronic messaging, 5 to 250 kByte

ISO 28005-2

Single pointOf reporting

www.marnis.org

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Additional mandatory reporting

Today

Automatic Identification System (AIS)

Long Range Identification and Tracking (LRIT)

Ship reporting systems, VTS areas (VHF, e-mail)

www.marnis.org

TacSat-2 –

US Air Force

Tomorrow

Increased reporting of environmental parameters ?

AIS satellites

All integrated into AIS ?

AIS System -

US Coast

Guard

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Operational reporting

Reporting to owner or manager

Reporting to charterer

Port, channel or agent reports

Use of XML and automatic systems

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Technical reporting and analysis

Technical reports from ship, analysis on shore

Currently used in hull and engine performance analysis

Condition

Energy

Environmental

www.tocc.no

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Technical reporting and analysis

Technical reports from ship, analysis on shore

Currently used in hull and engine performance analysis

Condition

Energy

Environmental

Benchmarking

Use of XML and automatic

systems

www.tocc.no

TOCC

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Shipping KPI

SPI

PI

Extended Balanced Score Card for internal improvement

Corporate measurements

Aggregated indexes for external communication

Proc

esse

s

Cus

tom

er

Lear

ning

HSE OthersFinancial

KPI

Using information from shipping operations to generate

performance indicators for internal use and external

stakeholders.

www.shipping-kpi.com

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Future: More integrated information management

Single pointOf reporting

AIS System -

US Coast

Guard

Integrated approach to

Port clearance and mandatory reporting

Operational reporting

AIS, LRIT, Satellite AIS

Improved use of SafeSeaNet

and other

infrastructure

Owner, manager, charterer, agent into the system

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Geographic information systems (GIS)

Today

NAVTEX

Ship and AtoN AIS

Radar, ECDIS, AIS integration

Tomorrow

Maritime Information Objects (MIO):

Ice, weather, whales, current …

NAVTEX and other warnings

VTS digital exchange to ship

Pilot information

… etc …

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Ship –

shore coordination with GIS

Technical operations

Port approach

http://www.flagship.be©

Kystverket© BW Gas

Emergencies

etc …

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Ship -

ship coordination

Emergencies

Lightering

Load/Discharge

Etc.

©

Kystverket

©

Kystverket

http://www.flagship.be

Using online cooperation

toolsIntegrated

Safety SystemIntegrated

Safety System

©

Statoil

Offshore operations

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Future: Integrated maritime operations

Improved work processes

Ship / Shore distribution of work

Shared information

Use of ICT

Normal operations

Emergencies

© MARINTEK

Ship-Ship

Ship-Offshore

Ship-Port

… ©

Statoil©

Kystverket

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Routing and optimization

Optimization over complex cost function

Weather

Fuel / Environment

Cargo efficiency

Time

Port slot time (laycan)

…

Optimization reduces slack

ICT to improve monitoring

Optimization relies on accurate data

ICT to collect and analyse information

Optimization requires exact execution

ICT for communication between parties

http://www.sintef.no/Projectweb/TurboRouter/

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Fleet scheduling

Traditional planning

Spread sheet models

Manual decision making

State of the art

Operations Research based methods

to maximize net fleet income

Larger fleets make the planning problem too complex to solve manually

Fixed speed (17 knots)

Variable speed (14-20 knots)

Income ($) 16.102.500 19.072.500

Profit ($) 9.753.004 12.077.013

# cargoes 16 18

Fuel costs ($) 3.512.446 3.644.037

Emissions(g CO2

/ton*km)8,73 7,52

Tomorrow

Richer models (combine routing and speed decisions)

Consider environmental issues as well as economics

http://www.sintef.no/Projectweb/TurboRouter/

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Future: Integrated optimization

Rich optimization models

Minimal port stay

Optimal speed

Optimal cargo

Integration with ports and channels

Allocation of optimal slots

Improved information management

Monitoring and rapid corrective actions

Improved statistics fro actual performance data

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Contents

Emerging ICT based applications

New communication systems

Improved information management

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Communication is needed: Main drivers

The discussed technical and commercial operations:

Without video: Less than 64 kbps

With video: Limited by available bandwidth

Crew welfare (including telemedicine and training):

In principle only limited by cost and available bandwidth

Ref. MARINTEK report MT28 F09-095

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Some physical limits for wireless communication

Channel capacity (bps)

B: Bandwidth (Hz)

S/N: Signal to noise

Power

DampingRange (km) vs. antenna height (m)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Range

Antenna height

Area coverage (Range)

High altitude satellites

Infrastructure

Cell size / backhaul

h d

r = 6366 km

r

a

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Also commercial limitations

Number of customers

www.amver.com▀ > 50 / month▀

15-49 / month▀

5-14 / month▀

< 5 / monthMay 2009

Applies to all: Land radio as

well as satellites

http://www.amver.com/

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Satellite systems: GEO: Geostationary Earth Orbit

Benefits (Inmarsat and other VSAT)

Close to global coverage

Satellite is stationary relative to earth

©

NTNU/Odd Gutteberg

Drawbacks

Weak signal

Latency

Shadows

Polar regions

Fjords

Ship movement

Rain fading (Ku)www.marcom.no

AOR-E 15o30' W

AOR-W 54o W

POR 178o E

IOR 64o E

35 786 km

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Satellite systems LEO: Low Earth Orbit

Iridium

Orbit hight

780 km, 66 satellites

Also some other less relevant systems

Globalstar

(1400 km / 48 satellites)

Orbcomm

(775 km / 29 satellites)

www.iridium.com

Benefits

Signal strength

Low latency

Global coverage

Drawbacks

Complexity

Commercial viability ?

Doppler shift effects

Relatively low bandwidth www.marcom.no

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Communication in the Arctic

70o N

80o N

Image courtesy of ESA - September 2007

North-west passage North-east passage

Iridium is only available system

Close to no VHF coverage

GMDSS via MF/HF

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Satellite systems HEO: Highly Elliptical Orbit

LEOMEO

GEO

Molniya

(Lightening)

500 km south / 40 000 km north

Orbital period 12 hours

8 hours “stationary”

due north / 24h

3 satellites behaves as one GEO

Suitable for Arctic use

“Polar GEO”

Reuse GEO technologywww.sintef.no/Projectweb/MARSAFE

HEO

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Land based digital radio

Satellite

Necessary for high sea

May not get very high bandwidth

Potential problems with rain fading, shading, latency and cost

Alternative “near”

land: Land based digital radio

Must be used relatively close to coast, port and port approaches

Today: NAVTEX, AIS –

VHF Radio (DSC)

New technology is emerging, e.g., 3G GSM, WiFi etc.

High capacity

Low cost (equipment and infrastructure)

However, limited range

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Existing shore based systems

WiFi

Deployed in some ports

Simple access and low cost equipment

Limited range

Operates in non licensed bands

Cell phone systems

Work well in ports

Less good along coast (# subscribers)

Problem with roaming-agreements

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Digital VHF

Existing VHF Channels

Up to 70 km range

9 Channels

22 kbps/channel

High reliability

Message (e-mail) type

Interesting for “e-Navigation”

Same properties as VHF, AIS and other GMDSS components

Can use same land infrastructure

Low cost system and equipmentTelenor Maritim Radio

www.marcom.no

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WiMAX

–

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

Long range, high bandwidth wireless Internet

10 –

20 km range

256k to 5 Mbps

Standard end user equipment (Intel)

May use specialized base stations

2.3 to 5 GHz

”Last mile”

system at west coastof Norway

orkidenett.com

Commercial service in Singapore: WISEPORT

www.qmax.com.sg

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Higher frequencies cause some problems

… but short wavelengths with high information content is susceptible to

Reflection (specular

and diffuse)

Refraction

“Ducting”

Scattering

… etc …

Main signal is line of sight …

www.marcom.no

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Research and future possibilities

Longer range

Up to 100 km ?

Mesh networks

Multi-hop data transmission

US Coast

Guard

Ad hoc networks

Emergencies or integrated

operations

Use of unmanned mobile relays

Airplanes, helicopters, balloons …

www.marcom.nowww.sintef.no/Projectweb/MARSAFE

Radio Buoys

VLCC

Satellite

Mesh wireless links

Smaller Ships

Internet

Land Station

Triton project

Singapore/Japan

http://www.marcom.no/

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WiCAN

–

Wireless Coastal Area NetworkSatellite

Terrestrial –

GSM, VHF, WiMAX

…

Mesh Network

© MARINTEK

Ad hocnetwork

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Contents

Emerging ICT based applications

New communication systems

Improved information management

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Quality and availability of information

Concept of Compatibility in Shipping -

Fuzzy Set Theory and Case-Based Reasoning Approaches, Setyo

Nugroho

-

Technische

Universität

Berlin, 2005

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Information is generated and should be used

Large amount of information is generated

Ship reporting, commercial and technical operations, equipment, spare parts, consumables …

New applications will require more and better information

Optimization of processes: Need to compensate for smaller slack

Automated systems: Depends on high quality information

Process improvement: Accurate measurements of processes

Benchmarking and indexing: Common standards

Integrated operations: Sharing common information

…

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A new approach to information management in shipping is needed

The problem must be approached through development of a set of harmonized standards.

Why

What

How

Overall conceptual aspects

Logical aspects

Technical aspects Communication viewpoint

Functional viewpoint

Behavioural viewpoint

Information viewpoint

Reference model

RolesObjects

ARKTRANS model: www.arktrans.no

A “reference architecture”

is needed to link the different standards together.

The ARKTRANS architecture has been used successfully in similar projects.

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Will build on existing resultsfreightwise.info

www.arktrans.no

www.marnis.orgwww.efforts-project.org

www.flagship.bewww.marnis.org

Co-Modaltransport

Ports andauthorities

Shipping

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Target results

A set of standard definitions and information models.

Can be used in house by individual companies for internal improvement …

Company Xcontext

Specific processes Specific parties

Specificinteractions

Additionalinformation

elements

… and to establish common frameworks for, e.g., communication or benchmarking.

Context definition(Shipping)

Standard processes Standard roledefinitions

Interactiondescriptions

Ontologies,Information models

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A brief summary …

New and interesting maritime applications are emerging

International organisations are developing e-Navigation and e-Maritime strategies

Maritime communication is getting better, but there are still significant room for improvement

There is a significant challenge in standards for information management

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Thank you for your attention !

Efficient information management in shippingThe main theme of the presentationDevelopment of official strategies for extended use of ICT in the maritime areaContentsPort clearance – Single WindowAdditional mandatory�reportingOperational reportingTechnical reporting and analysisTechnical reporting and analysisShipping KPIFuture: More integrated information managementGeographic information systems (GIS)Ship – shore coordination with GISShip - ship coordinationFuture: Integrated maritime operationsRouting and optimizationFleet schedulingFuture: Integrated optimizationContentsCommunication is needed: Main driversSome physical limits for wireless communicationAlso commercial limitationsSatellite systems:�GEO: Geostationary Earth OrbitSatellite systems�LEO: Low Earth OrbitCommunication in the ArcticSatellite systems�HEO: Highly Elliptical OrbitLand based digital radioExisting shore based systemsDigital VHFWiMAX – Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access Higher frequencies cause some problemsResearch and future possibilitiesWiCAN – Wireless Coastal Area NetworkContentsQuality and availability of informationInformation is generated and should be usedA new approach to information management in shipping is neededWill build on existing resultsTarget resultsA brief summary …Thank you for your attention !