efficiency of data center cooling
TRANSCRIPT
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Efficiency of Data Center coolingComparison of data room layouts and cooling systems
Bohumil CimbalProduct manager for Cooling Systems
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
• What DC arrangement is preferred?• What is the requested cooling capacity?• What temperatures in DC?• How to increase Cooling efficiency?
Basic questionsbetween investor and cooling designer
Objective
Data center cooling
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Data center cooling
• Datacenter as a heat source• Cooling effectiveness• Methods to increase effectivity • DC room layouts and cooling systems• Case study comparison
Content
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Data Center Cooling
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Data center cooling
100%
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Data center components power consumption
Data center cooling
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Data center cooling
1. Measure and calculate efficiencyawareness is a good start
2. Application of power saving components fans, compressors, pumps, EC motors, etc.
3. Use of sophisticated logiccontrol software, communication of all parts in system, free-cooling, pressure control, etc.
4. Set the correct temperaturesair, water, refrigerant
Increasing effectivity
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
TOTAL FACILITY POWER• Power delivery components (UPS,
generators, PDUs, batteries, and distribution losses external to the IT equipment)
• Cooling system components (chillers, air conditioners, pumps, and cooling towers)
• Compute, network, and storage nodes• Other miscellaneous component loads
(lighting, cleaning...)
IT EQUIPMENT POWER• Load associated with all of the IT
equipment• Computer, storage, and network
equipment• Supplemental equipment
(monitors, and workstations /laptops) used to monitor or otherwise control the datacenter
Power usage effectiveness
Power usage
effectiveness
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Power usage effectiveness
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Temperature in DC
Different points of view
IT equipment Comfort x Cooling Energy Efficiency
What is the right temperature in DC?
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
From IT point of view
Temperature in DC
Ti = 18 – 27°Cj = 30 - 60%
ASHRAE Thermal Guidelines for Data Processing Environments
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
the colder the better...
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
From Energy point of view
• Higher capacity of heat exchanger• Thermal losses to the surround of DC• Friendly compressor circuit
conditions• Higher efficiency of cold source• Long free-cooling utilization
Benefits of higher temperature:Air
temperature increase
AC annual energy savings
1 K 4 %2 K 8 %3 K 12 %4 K 16 %5 K 20 %
Source: Schweizer Bundesanstalt für Energiewirtschaft
Temperature in DC
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Temperature in DC
Temperature impact on Cooling capacity (kW)
Return airTemperature /Humidity
Water temperature
6/12 °C 10/16 °C 12/18 °C 15/21 °C
45 °C / 15 % 81,8 72,4 67,7 60,7
40 °C / 20 % 70,1 60,7 55,9 48,9
35 °C / 25 % 58,3 48,9 44,2 37,1
30 °C / 30 % 46,5 37,1 32,4 25,3
25 °C / 40 % 37,1 27,7 23,0 15,9
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Ti = 25°C Ti = 18°C
22% annual energy consumption difference
Temperature in DC
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
the hotter the better...
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Temperature in DC
Right conditions for computers + Maximal energy efficiency
Hot and Cold Air Separation
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Hot and Cold Air Separation
BLANKING PLATES
SIDE VIEW
Blanking panels and Separation frames
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Racks in the Open Aisle
Hot and Cold Air Separation
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Hot and Cold Air Separation
Not enough air
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Hot and Cold Air Separation
Too much air
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Hot and Cold Air Separation
Optimal air flow
Impossible to keep steadyServers change the air-flow continually
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Hot and Cold Air Separation
The only possibility !
with air flow control
Mechanical Air Separation
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Plenum Feed With Room Return
Modular Closed Loop w. In-row Units
Cold aisle Containment w. Top cooling
Room Feed withPlenum Return
Cold aisle Containmentw. Plenum Feed or In-row
Closed aisle Containment w. In-row Units
Data Center Room Arrangements
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
ComparisonCRAC x In-Row x Topcooling
Data room Cooling systems
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Cold and Hot Aisles
Data room Cooling systems
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
CRAC = Computer Room Air Conditioner
Data room Cooling systems
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Data room Cooling systems
CRAC solution• Cold air delivered
under floor• Long way to servers
Function and Air path
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Data room Cooling systems
In-RowAir-conditioning units integrated into rows of racks
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Data room Cooling systems
In-ROW solutionDeliver cold air where required – front of servers
Function and Air path
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Data room Cooling systems
Top coolingAir-conditioning units on top of racks
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Data room Cooling systems
Topcooling solutionDeliver cold air where required – front of servers
Function and Air path
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Data room Cooling systems
In-ROW solution
Easy to plan different power and temperature zones
CRAC solution
Only one temperature in all zones in one room
Temperature zones
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Data room Cooling systems
In-ROW solution
Possibility of DC enlarging in stepsMinimizing initial investment
CRAC solution
Big initial investmentLow initial efficiency
Easy future enlargement
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Basic features comparison
CRAC In-row Top
coolingShort air path to servers Easy to plan diff. power and temperature zones DC enlarging in steps - minimizing initial invest. Open or Closed Architecture Cold or Hot Containments Technical service out of DC room Water in DC room Total power consumption of indoor units
Basic features comparison
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Financial effect:
1. Floor area savings2. Energy savings
- 16 racks 600mm, depth 1000mm, height 42U- contained cold aisle- 35°C in hot zone, 25°C in cold zone- Chilled water system (10/15°C)- heat load 6kW/rack (total demanded cooling capacity 96 kW)- requested redundancy n+1
Example:
Case study
Case study
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
• 3 CRAC units• cooling capacity 53 kW • air flow 9.000 m3/h• dimensions 950 x 900 mm• consumption 1,8 kW
• Occupied floor area = 2,6 m2
• Total consumption 3,6 kW (2 running units)
CRAC (CW)
• 6 in-row units • cooling capacity 21 kW• air flow 3800 m3/h• dimensions 300 x 100 mm• consumption 0,77 kW max
(0,3 kW at capacity 96/6=16 kW per unit)
• Occupied floor area = 1,8 m2
• Total consumption 1,8 kW (6 low-speed running units)
In-Row (CW)
• 4 Topcooling units• cooling capacity 38 kW• air flow 7.700 m3/h)• dimensions 2400 x 600 mm• consumption 0,7 kW max
(0,2 kW at capacity96/4=24 kW per unit)
• Occupied floor area = 0 m2
• Total consumption 0,8 kW (4 running units)
CoolTop (CW)
Case study
Case study
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
• 3 CRAC units • cooling capacity 53 kW • air flow 9.000 m3/h• dimensions 950 x 900 mm• consumption 1,8 kW
• Occupied floor area = 2,6 m2
• Total consumption 3,6 kW (2 running units)
CRAC (CW)
• 6 in-row units• cooling capacity 21 kW• air flow 3800 m3/h• dimensions 300 x 100 mm• consumption 0,77 kW max
(0,3 kW at capacity 96/6=16 kW per unit)
• Occupied floor area = 1,8 m2
• Total consumption 1,8 kW (6 low-speed running units)
In-Row (CW)
• 4 Topcooling units• cooling capacity 38 kW• air flow 7.700 m3/h)• dimensions 2400 x 600 mm• consumption 0,7 kW max
(0,2 kW at capacity96/4=24 kW per unit)
• Occupied floor area = 0 m2
• Total consumption 0,8 kW (4 running units)
CoolTop (CW)
Case study
Case study
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Financial effects:
1. Floor area savings
Floor area per unit Number of units
Occupied floor area Floor area price Financial loss
(m2) (pcs) (m2) (€/m2/year) (€/year)
Top cooling 0 4 0 10 000 0
In-Row 0,3 6 1,8 10 000 18 000
CRAC 0,9 3 2,7 10 000 27 000Expected price of one footprint (0,6m2) is 500€ per month.
Case study
Case study
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Financial effects :
1. Energy savings
Indoor units consumption
Number of units
Annual power consumption
Energy price Annual costs
(kW) (pcs) (kWh) (€/kWh) (€/year)
Top cooling 0,2 x 4 = 0,8 4 7008 0,15 1 051
In-Row 0,3 x 6 = 1,8 6 15768 0,15 2 365CRAC CW* 0,7 x 3 = 2,1 3 18396 0,15 2 759
CRAC CW** 1,8 x 2 = 3,6 3 31536 0,15 4 730* Redundant units are working (partial operation).** Redundant units are stand-by.
Case study
Case study
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Top cooling In-Row CRAC0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
Case study
Annual savings (€)
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
References
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
References
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
References
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Data center cooling
• DC conceptBusiness plan in time, sizes, capacities
• Cooling designcooling system, CFD simulation, critical situations, safety points
• Building processproduct quality, piping system, monitoring
• Operationair separation, temperature setting, efficiency tracing
Summary
Cooling systems EfficiencyNDBS Summit Helsinki – 2016
Dipl.Ing. Bohumil Cimbál
www.conteg.com
Thank you for your attention