efficiency in anganwadi centresdesign of fenestrations (openings like doors, windows and...
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Efficiency in Anganwadi CentresA report on designing low energy ICDS centres in North Karnataka districts of India
An anganwadi centre (AWC) is the first point of contact for maternal healthcare and early child development in India. The majority of these centres operate in remote villages or in pockets of land occupied by the urban poor and cater to the children and women from these villages.
ICDS or Integrated Child Development Program, the program responsible for ECCE has gained considerable feat, nevertheless the lack of access to key enabling factors are hampering the productivity and impact of these centres.
As per ICDS guidelines Basic(Model) Infrastructure Requirements are as follows
• Multipurpose hall for study/ sleep area
• Kitchen with ample storage (preferably a separate storage space)
• Children friendly toilets
• Examination room/nursing area for mothers
• Outdoor play area with the importance of a compound wall
• Basic amenities like perennial water supply for drinking and utility and reliable energy source
• Interactive Learning Tools in built as well as everyday items (Physical + Digital)
A total of 50 Anganwadis in four districts namely - Belgaum, Bijapur, Ballari and Bidar in North Karnataka were studied for the case study on redesigning spaces for increased energy efficiency and improved thermal comfort.The climatic conditions can be categorised as Hot and Dry with the temperature of max 34 deg celsius and min 23 deg celsius with humidity of 45%.
Introduction
Case Study on Designing Low Energy Consumption SpacesWhat are low energy spaces?
Spaces or infrastructures that have ample amount of natural lighting, cross ventilation or air circulation and are well insulated from the heat and cold to promote thermal comfort for habitation indoors are inherently low in consumption of energy.
How do you achieve reduced energy consumption through built spaces?
● Efficient Spatial DesignPlanning, shape, orientation and shading – to limit or enhance solar heat gain and capture air movements of the micro climate
● Material and InsulationTreating the envelope (outer covering of the structure) and building with materials with appropriate U-value(Heat Value) in response to local climatic conditions
● Design of Fenestrations (openings like doors, windows and ventilators)Size, location, type and accessibility of doors, windows, ventilators etc
Additional aspects that were considered to provide a holistic anganwadi design;
● Optimising functionality of spaces
● Adapting the solution to local social contexts i.e. typologies of rural, urban and tribal communities with specific pre-school education and care requirements
Rethinking Existing Built SpacesSpatial understanding with Technical Data
CLASSROOM
Water tank
Digital zone
Group activity zone
Lux: 90Temperature: 32 deg C
Lux: 300Temperature: 27 deg C
Current scenario Post intervention
Planters bed
Free safe play area
● Efficiency of the classroom space increased from 70% to 100% by relocating water tank and other scrap to appropriate locations.
● Interactive methods and tools for learning introduced through different mediums like ceiling and wall hangings, flooring patterns etc. which kindles physical, gross and fine motor development in the children
● Digital learning zone introduced consisting of an e-tab and TV for innovative learning which increases physical, cognitive and perceptual development in the children with raised seating
● Sufficient storage spaces are designed for education material, learning tools and records increasing safety and longevity of the materials
● Physical environment in form of free play space - climbing, jumping, running and instilling creativity
● Planters bed give opportunity to enhance social learning process among children
● Angan provides shaded space for free movement which leads to physical development of children.
SHADED ANGAN/ OUTDOOR PLAY AREA
Optimal Spatial Utilisation
● Ease in cooking activity and hygiene is reinforced by increasing required natural lighting.
● Water connectivity provided to the kitchen through a tap in the segregated utensil washing area
● Outdoor utility space is provided for better workability and hygiene to suit the rural contextual requirement
● Slotted angle racks to provide appropriate and increased storage of grain sacks & cabinets for monthly and daily needs of the kitchen space
Lux: 300Temperature: 27 deg C
Storage
Lux: 40Temperature: 33 deg C
Current scenario Post intervention
Storage
Child friendly toilet
Adult’s Toilet
Bed
Lux: 250Temperature: 27 deg C
Lux: 15Temperature: 30 deg C
KITCHEN
● Child friendly toilet space created
● Continuous water supply to the toilet and wash basins to improve hygiene levels
● Less maintenance interior finishes and better natural lighting and ventilation leading to better maintenance of the space
TOILETS
● Creation of a separate and private space for better mother care activities like consultation and counselling
● It includes a bed space, storage for awareness materials and health equipments and an attached toilet.
MOTHER CARE
Fenestrations and Material understanding
MATERIAL
No projection leading to direct heat gain
No proper openings to facilitate Cross-ventilation
Transfer of heat through roof due to usage of RCC.
Proposed openings to facilitate Cross-ventilation
Different insulating strategies to reduce the heat conduction through the roof.
Well designed
projections leading to less heat
gain
FENESTRATIONS (Windows, Doors, Openings)
● Placement of additional windows and ventilators according to the orientation of the structure to create cross-ventilation which leads to better thermal comfort and increased day-lighting. This helps in enhancing socio-emotional well-being in children
● The openings are increased to cover 20% of the whole wall area to optimize natural lighting for learning space
● Windows in kitchen space are fitted with ventilators to optimize natural lighting and ensure smoke exhaustion from cooking
● Introduction of well-designed ventilator in toilet space
● Providing an additional shading in the angan area for outdoor play activities for children and well designed projection sizes over the openings for optimum shading
● In the existing RCC construction which responds poorly to hot climatic conditions like North Karnataka, insulations like Cool roof paints, Lime wash etc can be used to reduce the internal temperature by 2-5 degree celsius
● Shading the walls exposed to the summer sun by well designed overhangs can reduce internal heat gain
● Bright finishes in interior spaces to enhance illumination for desired learning activities
Proposed Solution
NE winds
SW winds
North direction
Heat gain during daytime working hours
POST INTERVENTION
● Orientation of classroom in South- East quadrant increase heat gain and direct harsh sunlight due to lack of shading
● Glare-free North lighting is not accessible
● Openings are not designed according to the wind direction
● No compound wall for the safety of the children
CURRENT SCENARIO
To achieve Energy efficient spaces
NE winds
SW winds
North direction
Heat gain during daytime working hours
● Overhangs are designed to shade East and south wall to avoid heat gain.
● North light is brought into the classroom and kitchen by adding bigger windows on north face wall.
● Windows with ventilators are added to facilitate cross-circulation in internal spaces and promote escape of hot air
● Compound wall is proposed for the safety of the children
CURRENT SCENARIO
POST INTERVENTION
Improved window with child friendly grills.
Compound wall providing safer space
Well designed overhangs
Storage space in kitchen
Angan space for outdoor play
Child friendly toilet
Proposed ventilator
TV for digital learning
Inefficient natural lighting in classroom
Windows only on one side
Short overhangs
No dedicated space for storage
No Compound wall
No ventilators
No storage for educational materials
CURRENT SCENARIO
POST INTERVENTION
Designed storage space
Energy SavingsCalculations on Efficiency
Comparing energy consumption of existing anganwadis with efficiently designed anganwadis
(i) Inefficient Lighting Fixtures and high energy consumptive Fans are used commonly in Anganwadis.
(ii) Climatic responsive Anganwadis with Inefficient Fixtures had the following consumptive ranges
(iii) Climatic responsive Anganwadis with Efficient Fixtures had the following consumptive ranges
(iv) Energy consumption of TV and Tab 0.21 units
= 0.84 kW
= 0.38 kW
= 0.16 kW
= 0.11 kW
= 0.06 kW
= 0.04 kW
Overall reduction in energy consumption for light
Overall reduction in energy consumption for fans
Overall savings from energy consumption which can easily power digital education tools
Overall reduction in energy consumption Lights+ Fans+ TV+ Tab
93% 92% 1.12 kW 75%
Efficiency in Anganwadi CentresA report on designing low energy ICDS centres in North Karnataka districts of India
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