effects of rf pulses on circuits and systems – pieces umcuui c 1 uiucuh longer-term coupling...
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Effects of RF Pulses on Circuits and Systems – Pieces
UMCU UIC
1UIUCUH
Longer-Term Coupling AnalysisPieces
Develop Understanding of Complex Coupling
Incorporate into Topological Models
Validate Simpler Topological Models
(Twelve to Twenty-Four Months)
Effects of RF Pulses on Circuits and Systems – Pieces
UMCU UIC
2UIUCUH
Long-Term ProblemsNested Boxes with Slots and Wires
• Develop understanding of complex coupling
• Boxes with wires and slots
• Nested boxes with wires and slots
• Coupled boxes with wires and apertures
• Embed pieces in topological structures
Effects of RF Pulses on Circuits and Systems – Pieces
UMCU UIC
3UIUCUH
Wire thru Hole in Box with Interior Feature
Wire
Small HoleMetal Box
Interior Feature
Effects of RF Pulses on Circuits and Systems – Pieces
UMCU UIC
4UIUCUH
Nested Boxes with Wire thru Holes
Wire
Small HoleMetal Box
Interior Feature
Effects of RF Pulses on Circuits and Systems – Pieces
UMCU UIC
5UIUCUH
Alternate Wire Route & Slotted Box
Wire
Small HoleMetal Box
Interior Feature
Slot
Wire
Effects of RF Pulses on Circuits and Systems – Pieces
UMCU UIC
6UIUCUH
Multiple Boxes in Box with Wire
Wire
Small HoleMetal Box
Interior Features
Effects of RF Pulses on Circuits and Systems – Pieces
UMCU UIC
7UIUCUH
Multiple Boxes, Slotted Boxes, Wire through Walls
Wire
Small HolesMetal Box
Interior Features
Slots
Wire
Effects of RF Pulses on Circuits and Systems – Pieces
UMCU UIC
8UIUCUH
Rectangular Cavity Coupled to Coaxial Cavity via Wire in Hole
Wire
Small HoleMetal Box
Interior Feature
Slot Coaxial Cavity
Effects of RF Pulses on Circuits and Systems – Pieces
UMCU UIC
9UIUCUH
Coupled Cavities Rectangular-Coaxial-Rectangular
W ire
Sm all H oleM etal Box
S lot
Interior Features
Effects of RF Pulses on Circuits and Systems – Pieces
UMCU UIC
10UIUCUH
Long-Term ProblemsCovered (Shielded) Apertures
• Develop understanding of shielded apertures
• Slot in screen covered by “grounded” shield
• Slot in upper plate of parallel plate guide covered by covered by “grounded” shield
• Embed in topological structure
Effects of RF Pulses on Circuits and Systems – Pieces
UMCU UIC
11UIUCUH
Shielded Slot in Screen
A
BC
A
BC
Effects of RF Pulses on Circuits and Systems – Pieces
UMCU UIC
12UIUCUH
Shielded Slot in Plate of Guide
R egion a
R egion c R egion o
R egion bA
BC
R egion a
R egion c R egion o
R egion bA
BC
Effects of RF Pulses on Circuits and Systems – Pieces
UMCU UIC
13UIUCUH
Long-Term ProblemsFast Time-Domain Methods
Development
• Fast time-domain integral equation methods for inhomogeneous material regions
• Accurate TDIE for weak penetration through apertures
Effects of RF Pulses on Circuits and Systems – Pieces
UMCU UIC
14UIUCUH
Proposed Effort (Year 1): Algorithms and Implementations
• Develop “low frequency” stable PWTD / TDIE solver (12 mo)– Hybridize loop/star/tree and time Galerkin
schemes (Industry strength implementation)
• Develop stable/accurate TDIE solvers for cavities with very small holes / seams / cracks (18 mo).
Effects of RF Pulses on Circuits and Systems – Pieces
UMCU UIC
15UIUCUH
Proposed Effort (Year 1): Demonstration of Capabilities
• Analyze coupling into a nonlinear circuit (amplifier) in a realistic enclosure (12 mo)– Geometry: Slots, cavities, pins,
nonlinear circuitry.
– Demonstrates all capabilities of solver
– Validation: through comparison to FDTD solution.
slotcircuitry
cavityboards + pins
Effects of RF Pulses on Circuits and Systems – Pieces
UMCU UIC
16UIUCUH
Long-Term ProblemsFast Frequency-Domain Methods
Development• Fast frequency-domain integral equation methods for
exterior-to-interior coupling problem• Fast frequency-domain integral equation methods for
very low frequencies (for FFT)• Fast hybrid methods• Accurate fast frequency-domain integral equation
methods for weak penetration through apertures
Effects of RF Pulses on Circuits and Systems – Pieces
UMCU UIC
17UIUCUH
EMI Threat to Aircraft SystemsAirborne Transmitter
Ground-based orship-board Transmitter
PEDSLightening
External Threat
• Coupling from other Aircraft Systems• Natural Environmental Effects (Lightening, Static Electricity)• Man Made Sources External to the aircraft (High Intensity Radiated Fields - HIRF)
Internal Threat
• Portable Electronic Devices (PEDS) carried by passengers
Picture from NASA-Langley
Effects of RF Pulses on Circuits and Systems – Pieces
UMCU UIC
18UIUCUH
Penetration through Loaded Slots with Wire Bundles
• Adapt hybrid frequency domain methods for coupling characterization in presence of wire bundles through loaded geometries
• Develop an understanding of good shielding practices and relative levels of penetration among the various slots geometries
• Develop methods for equivalent circuit extraction
Effects of RF Pulses on Circuits and Systems – Pieces
UMCU UIC
19UIUCUH
Coupling through Antennas
• Antennas are ‘doors’ to coupling from external excitations into structures
• For coupling studies, details such as wires, feed structures and loading are crucial
• Provide an understanding of coupling (in-band and out of band)
Patch or array
Vout
feed
e
r1
e
r2
e
r3
e
r4
Effects of RF Pulses on Circuits and Systems – Pieces
UMCU UIC
20UIUCUH
Coupling though Slots in Loaded Structure
• Develop general purpose frequency domain techniques for coupling into loaded geometries
• Develop hybrid methods appropriate to structure and material: finite element method, integral equations with multilayer Green’s functions, and fast multipole integral methods
• Validate and compare
Effects of RF Pulses on Circuits and Systems – Pieces
UMCU UIC
21UIUCUH
Long-Term ProblemsApplication of EIGER
• Analysis of complex coupling problems
• Use as a check on more problem-specific analyses
• Coupling to PC board traces, for example
Effects of RF Pulses on Circuits and Systems – Pieces
UMCU UIC
22UIUCUH
Aperture Coupling to PCB Traces
• Analysis should include mutual coupling effects between traces.
• Requires efficient layered-media periodic Green’s function (Ewald acceleration, etc.).
IC
E inc
Effects of RF Pulses on Circuits and Systems – Pieces
UMCU UIC
23UIUCUH
Cable Coupling to PCB Traces
• Analysis should account for cable propagation to traces.
• Analysis should also account for aperture/cable radiation effects.
IC
Effects of RF Pulses on Circuits and Systems – Pieces
UMCU UIC
24UIUCUH
Coupling to PCB Traces
• Thevenin equivalent circuits can be obtained to model both aperture and cable penetration.
• Thevenin equivalent circuits model all EM effects up to the IC pin.
• This allows for convenient de-coupling between EM analysis and IC analysis.
IC +
-
ZT
VT