effects of offshore wind farms on the marine environment
TRANSCRIPT
Effects of offshore wind farms on the marine environment
(1) Research and Technology Centre (FTZ), University of Kiel, Germany(2) BIONUM - Consulting in statistical ecology & biostatistics, Hamburg, Germany
Dr. Verena Peschko1, Dr. Moritz Mercker2, Dr. Nele Markones1, Henriette Schwemmer1, Sabine Müller1, Dr. Kai Borkenhagen1, Prof. Dr.
Stefan Garthe1
How do offshore wind farmsaffect marine life?
How do offshore wind farms affect marine life?
from: Haelters & Vanermen (2013), MUMM Conference (Brussels)
Possible effects of offshore wind farms on
(sea)birds
Foto: K. Borkenhagen
Possible effects of offshore wind farms on (sea)birds
Barrier effect
Possible effects of offshore wind farms on (sea)birds
Barrier effect
Possible effects of offshore wind farms on (sea)birds
Barrier effect
Possible effects of offshore wind farms on (sea)birds
Habitat loss
Habitat loss
Possible effects of offshore wind farms on (sea)birds
Possible effects of offshore wind farms on (sea)birds
Attraction
Possible effects of offshore wind farms on (sea)birds
Attraction
Attraction
Possible effects of offshore wind farms on (sea)birds
Hintergrund: www.spiegel.de
Possible effects of offshore wind farms on (sea)birds
Collision
Hintergrund: www.spiegel.de
Possible effects of offshore wind farms on (sea)birds
Collision
Collision
Hintergrund: www.spiegel.de
Possible effects of offshore wind farms on (sea)birds
Current OWF development
North and Baltic Sea
Source: 4C Offshore 2020
Currently 22 GW offshore wind power in Europe
Sources: 4C Offshore 2020, WindEurope 2020
Sources: 4C Offshore 2020, WindEurope 2020
Currently 22 GW offshore wind power in Europe
North Sea: 16 GWBaltic Sea: 2 GW
Sources: 4C Offshore 2020, WindEurope 2020
Currently 22 GW offshore wind power in Europe
North Sea: 16 GWBaltic Sea: 2 GW
Source: 4C Offshore 2020
Source: 4C Offshore 2020
German plans for large scale OWF implementation until 2040
Effects of offshore wind farms on seabirds
Loons
Before OWF Loons
German North Sea – OWF effects on Loons
Before OWF Loons
German North Sea – OWF effects on Loons
Operating OWF
German North Sea – OWF effects on Loons
Before OWF Operating OWF
Density inside OWF reduced by 95%
German North Sea – OWF effects on Loons
Before OWF Operating OWF
Density inside OWF reduced by 95%
10 km response radius
Before OWF Operating OWF
In OWF + 10 km radius: Loon abundance reduced by 52%
Density inside OWF reduced by 95%
10 km response radius
German North Sea – OWF effects on Loons
Black-Legged Kittiwakes
German North Sea – OWF effects on Black-Legged Kittiwakes
2000-2013Relative Density
Before OWF
2000-2013 2015-2017Relative Density
Before OWF Operating OWF
German North Sea – OWF effects on Black-Legged Kittiwakes
2000-2013 2015-2017Relative DensityRelative Density
Before OWF Operating OWF
German North Sea – OWF effects on Black-Legged Kittiwakes
Density reduced by 44% in OWF + 3 km radius
2000-2013 2015-2017Relative DensityRelative Density
Before OWF Operating OWF
Effect detectable until 20 km distance
German North Sea – OWF effects on Black-Legged Kittiwakes
Density reduced by 44% in OWF + 3 km radius
Northern Gannets
German North Sea – OWF effects on Northern Gannets
Offshore wind farms(Date: June 2015, source: BSH)
under construction
operating
German North Sea – OWF effects on Northern Gannets
Offshore wind farms(Date: June 2015, source: BSH)
under construction
operating
German North Sea – OWF effects on Northern Gannets
Offshore wind farms(Date: June 2015, source: BSH)
under construction
operating
90% of individuals avoided OWFs
German North Sea – OWF effects on Northern Gannets
Common Guillemots
Possible effects of large scale wind farm implementation
Large scale OWF implementation – Possible effects on Common Guillemots
Large scale OWF implementation – Possible effects on Common Guillemots
60% of autumn population located in areas affected by OWFs
Large scale OWF implementation – Possible effects on Common Guillemots
Density in 9 km radius reduced by 49%
Large scale OWF implementation – Possible effects on Common Guillemots
60% of autumn population located in areas affected by OWFs
Density in 9 km radius reduced by 49%
Large scale OWF implementation – Possible effects on Common Guillemots
30% of autumn population vulnerable to habitat loss
60% of autumn population located in areas affected by OWFs
Resumé
Resumé
Seabirds are strongly affected by offshore wind farms
Loons are one of the most vulnerable seabird species
Resumé
Other, more numerous species are also strongly affected
Seabirds are strongly affected by offshore wind farms
Loons are one of the most vulnerable seabird species
Resumé
Large scale wind farm implementation
Severe effects on many seabird species likely
Resumé
Large scale wind farm implementation
Severe effects on many seabird species likely
Migratory birds, marine mammals, fish or benthic
environment not covered in this talk
OWF effects on these need consideration
Resumé
Large scale wind farm implementation
Severe effects on many seabird species likely
Migratory birds, marine mammals, fish or benthic
environment not covered in this talk
OWF effects on these need consideration
Other anthropogenic activities also strongly affect marine life
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