effectiveness of crime prevention strategies

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Chapter I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

In our contemporary society at present, every country is facing various problems in

suppressing crime rate. Every country has different crime profile and no one could claim that

they had the best strategy that will lessen the increasing criminality. To deal with this problem,

law enforcement agencies had already move on to the principle of crime prevention rather than

crime fighting in order to determine their effectiveness and efficiency in accomplishing their

goals; to maintain peace and order, protect civil rights, civil liberties and enforcing the law.The evolution of Crime Prevention has been expanded that, from being seen as a

relatively narrow policing function, it evolves to the extent that it involves now a much broad

transversal approach by different state and community actors. It is now accepted that prevention

takes many forms, that it involves many sectors and levels of government and civil society, and

that local authorities and communities have a major role to play, supported by strong sub-

regional and national strategies and policy. There is accumulating evidence that many prevention

programs are not only effective in reducing offending and victimization, but cost beneficial,

resulting in considerable long-term savings for the investment entailed, and bringing social and

economic benefits well beyond reductions in crime. Crime prevention is an aspect that every

state has to consider in order to ensure security as well as the safety. Peace and order relies on

how efficient a state is in a position to fight and prevent crime. There are laws set to assist in the

governance process of every nation and they decide on the penalties that an individual has to


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endure in order to ensure that justice prevails. The police are a body by the government that has

the responsibilities of making sure that all the citizens adhere to the set laws at all times and in

cases where there are law breakers then they are in power to find and restrain them in

government correction facilities. Crime prevention programs are important since they contribute

to an increased security system. This crime prevention theory aims to prevent every potential

criminal to commit crime and decrease their opportunity in committing the same.

Criminality is a global experience which affects all nations economically, socially and

politically. The United States has not been spared with the daily occurrence of crimes

particularly in several big cities.

In the Philippines setting, crimes against person and property are usually reported crime

in the national news, due to its set up that the Philippines economic status is not enough in order

to satisfy the standard living of an individual. Despite of full effort to prevent crime, the

Philippine National Police (PNP) does not yet attain its foremost goal to successfully implement

crime prevention. The PNP adopts the crime prevention strategies of other country that does not

fit to the existing problem in terms of criminality in our country. Crime prevention becomes the

dilemma of the PNP organization because of their failure to prove their effectiveness and

efficiency in the performance of their duty.

Since Crime Prevention is the main concern of the PNP parlance, several studies have

been made in order to sustain the objective of crime prevention. This study will focus in the

assessment of the effectiveness of crime prevention strategies implemented by the Camalaniugan

Police Station and to look into if it is fit with the crime profile of the said town.


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Finally, the result of this study would be important to the PNP organization to help them

plan and organize better crime prevention strategies that are deemed necessary for the

development of its own mandate.

Conceptual Framework

This study will revolved primarily on the effectiveness of Crime Prevention strategies of

Camalaniugan Police Station which will correlates with the existing Crime Profile of the town as

assessed by the Camalaniugan Police Officers and Barangay Officials of different Barangays is

conceptualized from the premise that the more effective Crime Prevention Strategies is

implemented, the more the objectives of Crime Prevention could be attained as manifested on

their performance of their duty as a police officer

The effectiveness of the Crime Prevention strategies implemented by the police officers

shall mean the depth of their being knowledgeable of their duties and functions which could be

manifested by their performance in terms of crime rate, numbers of crime prevention programs

implemented and the level of citizens trust to the police officer when it comes to crime

prevention.

Moreover, the study views that the effectiveness of crime prevention strategies

implemented by the law enforcement is influenced by some related variables like mobility,

communication, manpower and community support. In terms of the police mobility, it is believed

that patrol is the foremost duty of the police to implement crime prevention. On the

communication of the police officers, it is likewise presumed that it could prevent crime by

immediately reporting it to the police without interruption on the line of communication between

the ordinary citizen and the police officer. Manpower is also one variable to be the basis for the


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level of the effectiveness of crime prevention strategies, in the way that good manpower

management can be a lead to a better control over the crime prevention programs implemented.

The manpower of the police organization in every place should be enough to sustain the needs

for protection of the ordinary individuals; it must be proportion to the number of the citizens in

one community. The community support is indispensable element to determine the police officer

capability and effectivity in performance of their duty and function. The lower the communities

support the programs of the police in terms of crime prevention, the lower they trust the police

organization. The determinants in the effectiveness of crime prevention strategies would be more

emphasized in comparing the present police effort in preventing crime and the factors affecting it

to the existing crime rate.


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Input Process Output

Figure 1. Paradigm showing the different variables as basis for the study.

The paradigm of the study shows the input, process and output of the study. The first box

shows the input particularly on the crime prevention strategies initiated in the Municipality of

Camalaniugan, Cagayan. The second box is the process that includes the assessment of the

1. Crime Profile of

Camalaniugan Police

Station.

2. Crime preventionstrategies applied by the

Camalaniugan Police

Station in terms of:

2.1 Mobility

2.2 Communications

2.3 Manpower

2.4 CommunitySupport

3. Problems encountered in

crime prevention strategies

relative to:

3.1 Mobility

3.2 Communications

3.3 Manpower3.4 Community

Support

1. Assessing the crime

profile of Camalaniugan

Police Station.

2. Assessing the

effectiveness of Crime

Prevention Strategies of the

Camalaniugan Police

Station in terms of:

2.1 Mobility

2.2 Communications

2.3 Manpower

2.4 Community

Support

3. Identifying problems

Effectiveness on

Crime Prevention

Strategies

Assessed.

Proposed

Measures to

enhance Crime

Feedback


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respondents through survey result, interview, documentary analysis, data gathering procedure

and statistical treatment.

Finally, the last box pertains to the output of the study which will result to the

formulation of Effective Strategies on Crime Prevention Measures in Camalaniugan Police

Station.

Statement of the Problem

This study attempted to assess the crime prevention strategies initiated by the

Camalaniugan Police Station as well as the extent of community participation in crime

prevention.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the crime profile of Camalaniugan Police Station in terms of?

1.1. Crimes Against Person

1.2. Crimes Against Property

2. How effective are the crime prevention strategies implemented by the

Camalaniugan Police Station as assessed by the two (2) groups of respondents relative to:

2.1. Mobility

2.2. Communication

2.3. Manpower


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2.4. Community Support

3. Is there a significant difference on the assessment of the 2 groups of respondents on the

effectiveness of implementation of the crime prevention strategies relative to the above

dimension?

4. Is there a significant difference between the crime profile of Camalaniugan Police

Station and the assessment of the 2 groups of respondents on the effectiveness of Crime

Prevention Strategies as implemented by the Camalaniugan Police Station?

5. What are the problems encountered by the personnel of Camalaniugan Police Station

in the implementation of crime prevention strategies in terms of:

5.1. Mobility

5.2. Communications

5.3. Manpower

5.4 Community Support

6. What measures should be undertaken to further improve crime prevention

strategies?


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Research Hypotheses

1. There is no significant difference on the assessment of the Camalaniugan Police Officers

themselves and Barangay Offficials of every Barangay on the effectiveness of crime prevention

strategies implemented in Camalaniugan.

2. There is no significant relationship between the crime profile of the town of Camalaniugan

and the Crime Prevention Strategies implemented.

3. There is no significant relationship between the crime prevention strategies:

a. Mobility

b. Communication

c. Manpower

d. Community

Significance of the Study

PNP is an institution mandated by law to protect lives and property, protects civil rights

of every citizen and enforce the law if necessary. This mandate provided by the law will be the

basis of the police organization to make efforts in fulfilling their duty. As such, the PNP believes

that crime prevention is the key to attain this objective of the organization.

This research therefore will be valuable learning experience to every individual

concerned with the same study and for them also to use the result of this study as their basis to

improve crime prevention strategies in the future.

To the PNP Chief


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With this result of the study, it will serve as a point of reference on creating crime

prevention strategies and policies that will give solution to other existing problems encountered

in implementing such strategies.

This study also hopes to enhance the previous practices of the police participation in

crime prevention and allow them to enrich their knowledge about crime prevention and to

challenge their present strategies.

To the PNP Officials and other Personnels

It is hoped that PNP officials and other personnels will be able to assess different crime

prevention strategies in order to upgrade their performance in their duty. The result will give as

an insight to concerned administrators and government officials to know the kind of scheme to

be established in the different concerned community.

To the Barangay Officials

This study may serve as an aide to give them knowledge in dealing of the existing crime

prevention plans and to be able them to understand their role as an enforcement body in the

creation and implementation of the PNP mandate in every Barangay.

To the Community as a whole

To the community members, this study will serve as a challenge to utilize all the

programs implemented by the PNP which is beneficial to their life as a whole. This study also

make every citizen aware in their role to participate to the success of crime prevention.


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To the students

This study may serve as an instrument to awaken their consciousness in present situation

of criminality in our country. It is also provided for them to become more responsible students to

be aware in existing problem of our nation in maintaining peace and order.

To Future Researchers

The result of the study shall serve as a ready reference for them with whatever similar

studies they shall partake.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study will focus on the effectiveness of the crime prevention strategies implemented

by the Camalaniugan Police Station in the municipality of Camalaniugan, Cagayan.

The variables covered in this study include the assessment of crime profile of the town in

terms of Crime Against Person and Crime Against Property, assessment of the crime prevention

strategies implemented in terms of mobility, communication, manpower and community support

and the problems encountered by these crime prevention strategies.

This study will make use of the descriptive method of research with documentary

gathering as the main data gathering instrument.

The study will be conducted to the town of Camalaniugan, Cagayan especially to all

Camalaniugan Police Officers and to all Barangay Officials of 21 towns. Remote towns that are

not included are due to hard accessibility to its area.


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Definition of Terms

The following terms as used in this study are defined operationally for a clearer

understanding and for common reference.

Police- refers to the persons who are responsible for the peace and order in the town of

Camalaniugan, Cagayan.

Crime Prevention- deals with the practices of the Police in giving effort to reduce crime

in order to maintain peace by creating some ways to achieve its objectives. It is the effort of the

Camalaniugan Police to remove those opportunities for a potential criminal to take advantage of

whoever will become the vulnerable victim.

Strategies- it refers to the means made use in implementing the objectives of Crime

Prevention in the town of Camalaniugan.

Crime Profile- it refers to the statistics of major committed crime in the town of

Camalaniugan. It shows the highest and lowest crime rate committed in the area.

Mobility- it refers to the police effort in making close relation to the community by doing

some foot patrol in certain area of Camalaniugan, mobile patrol during nighttime. This is use

primarily to entertain immediately if an individual call for an assistance from the police.

Communication- in this study, this term was use to describe the mode of transferring

information of one police officer to his co-police officers.

Manpower- it refers to the number of the Police Officers who are assigned in the

Camalaniugan that are task in implementing those Crime Prevention Strategies.


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Community Support- it refers to the level of concern of those citizens living in

Camalaniugan in Crime Prevention Strategies implemented by the police in the town. It also

refers to the high expectation of the community in the performance of every police officer in the

town.

Level of Citizens Trust- in this study, the term was used to determine if each individual

of Camalaniugan believe in what the Camalaniugan Police are doing.

Function- it refers to a particular purpose for which a person or this is specially fitted or

used or for which a thing exists.

Criminal- those who has committed crime.


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CHAPTER III

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents some of the related literature all over the world which provided the

researchers with the needed direction and guide in their study especially in the format,

instrument and approach.

Reality beyond crime prevention

As with the rest of life, crime prevention can be seen to be both disarmingly simple and

bewilderingly complex. The disarmingly simple side relates to the prosaic, obvious, everyday,

commonsense measures that are routinely and widely taken to minimize threats of victimization.

The bewilderingly complex side relates to the definition and prioritization of crime for

preventive attention; the prediction of future crime problems; the choice between differing means

of control; the language used to discuss and describe prevention; the measurement of crime

patterns and of the intended and unintended consequences of preventive interventions; and

estimating the costs and benefits of different methods of crime prevention. (Tilley, Nick 2005)

Development of Crime Prevention Strategies

Crime prevention has entered a new, more robust phase of research activity and holds greater

relevance to policy and practice today than ever before. It stands as an important component of

an overall strategy to reduce crime. These achievements are not just the cumulative effect of

years of a slow, sometimes less than steady progress of a social movement; other developments

figure more prominently. Perhaps most important is the recent movement toward rational and

evidence-based crime policy. This has brought greater attention to the need for higher quality


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program evaluations as well as the need for more rigorous, systematic methods to synthesize the

research evidence and examine policy implications. Related to this development is the growing

evidence base of scientific knowledge on the effectiveness of a wide range of developmental and

situational crime prevention modalities. Also of importance to crime preventions standing is the

widely held view of the need to strike a greater balance between prevention and punishment.

This has become more urgent in recent years as many states across the country are faced with

budget crises, compounded by years of punitive crime policies. Developmental and situational

crime prevention seem well poised to help change this state of affairs and make a major

contribution to crime reduction in this country (Welsh, Farrington, 2010)

Crime Prevention has been described as any initiative or policy which reduces, avoids or

eliminates victimization by crime or violence. It includes governmental and non-governmental

initiatives to reduce fear of crime as well as lessen the impact of crime on victims (Institute for

the Prevention of Crime, 2010). Crime prevention encompasses a broad array of approaches,

including:

1. Developmental Crime Prevention (also referred to as Social Prevention). Measures

subsumed within this approach promote the well-being of people and encourage pro-social

behavior through social, economic, health and educational measures, with a particular emphasis

on children and youth. The goal is to intervene early in the lives of at-risk individuals and groups

so as to forestall the development of crime and other behavioral problems later on (Homel,

2005). The focus is on risk and protective factors associated with criminal behavior, including

personality factors, parental, peer, and school-related factors.


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2. Community or Locally-Based Crime Prevention. This approach tackles the neighborhood

conditions that influence offending and insecurity by drawing on the commitment and resources

of community members. These efforts can range from organizing neighborhood watch programs

to neighborhood revitalization efforts (e.g., Weed and Seed) and comprehensive programs that

seek to improve a neighborhoods cohesion and image (Schlossman et al.,. 1984).

3. Situational Crime Prevention. This approach seeks to prevent the occurrence of crimes by

reducing opportunities for crime, increasing the risks of being apprehended, raising the level of

effort required to commit crimes, and minimizing the benefits from crime. Included here are such

measures as target hardening, access control, surveillance, and prevention through environmental

design (Clarke, 1997). Situational crime prevention can be undertaken by members of the public,

businesses, schools, and other facilities. It can be facilitated through a detailed analysis of a

specific crime to determine the vulnerabilities of a specific target or site toward the end of

developing customized countermeasures.

4. Crime Prevention Through the Justice System. Crime prevention measures may also

originate from the justice system. Targeted law enforcement strategies may focus on specific

crimes or on crime hot spots. Legal sanctions may have a deterrent effect and incarceration

may exercise an incapacitation effect by removing offenders from society. In addition,

interventions in custodial and community settings may be designed to change offender behavior

and thereby prevent recidivism. (Prevention Programs: A Literature Review,Thomas Gabor

Ph.D.,2011,pp3-5)


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Strategies and Best Practices in Crime Prevention particular in relation to Urban Areas at risk

With the growth of crime prevention practice internationally has come a range of associated

concerns and problems: about the appropriateness of interventions, the difficulties of evaluating

their effectiveness, of the capacities of local actors to implement good programmes, about the

difficulties of sustaining interventions beyond their initial pilot phase, or scaling up to city-wide

or country-wide applications, and about the difficulties of sustaining interventions after changes

of personnel or government. 'What works' in crime prevention does not depend solely on having

well-designed programmes. Much depends on the capacity of the actors in the field to establish

the conditions for implementing programmes well, and to manage the 'process'. It also depends

on policy makers understanding the need for longer-term investment and planning, and not

focusing only on short-term results. Ensuring that strategies are maintained, well monitored and

sustained beyond the life of a government is a further challenge.

THE PHILIPPINE STRATEGY AND BEST PRACTICE FOR

CRIME PREVENTION:COMMUNITY-ORIENTED POLICING

Just like other developing countries throughout the world, the Philippines lacks the resources and

capacity to readily put into effect the international guidelines and agreements on crime

prevention. However, this constraint did not prevent us from finding ways and means to

effectively implement them in our country. It is for this reason that we have resolutely crafted

and evolved appropriate strategies and best practices for crime prevention which are assimilated

to our situation and historical experiences. Having overthrown a well-entrenched dictatorship,

and restored democracy in our country through a bloodless people power revolution in 1986, we

are fully cognizant of the insuperable force of people power and appreciate its great benefits to


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our country. Capitalizing on this historical experience, what we lack in resources and capacity is

being addressed and made up for through people power. Hence, the Philippine strategy and best

practice for crime prevention that I will be presenting today is not only community-based, but

also people-powered, and is known as the Community-Oriented Policing System, or COPS for

short. The outline and sequence of my presentation is as follows: COPS: Strategy, COPS: Best

Practice, and Concluding Perspective.

COPS: Strategy

Opening Perspective

COPS is primarily a national police strategy for crime prevention, based on the implementation

of the proposed holistic National Anti-Crime Strategy (NACS), which came about as an offshoot

of the Philippine participation in the 1991 UN Ministerial Conference on Crime Prevention. The

Philippine National Police officially adopted and started implementing COPS as a flagship

programme on August 15, 1994. It is significant to note that the holistic NACS was finally

adopted in the National Crime Prevention

Programme, which was approved by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo on February 2, 2004.

Basic Principles/Foundations

Aside from the NACS, the basic principles that serve as COPS foundations are the following:

1. Interdependence of Peace and Development

As aptly stated in the UN Milan Plan of Action in 1985: The problem of crime demands a

concerted response () to reduce opportunities for the commission of crimes and to address

relevant socio-economic factors, such as poverty, inequality and unemployment.


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2. Shared Responsibility for Policing

As prescribed by Robert Peel: The police are the public and the public are the police; police

officers are only members of the public who are paid to give full time attention to the duties

which are incumbent on every citizen in the interest of the community welfare.

3. Indispensability of People Power in Crime Fighting

The greatest source of power with which to wage war against criminality, insurgency,

terrorism, and other threats to peace and order lies among the people. ( Montreal, 2007)

The effectiveness of visible police patrol

Research into public expectations of policing in the UK has previously highlighted a strong

preference for a highly visible police presence. However, when these views were explored in

more detail, it was discovered that peoples seemingly instinctive reaction to call for more

bobbies on the beat was motivated by a desire to see crime reduced. The study also suggested

that the police can help ensure the public accept and support the targeting of resources in high

priority areas by engaging them in a dialogue. (Myhill, 2006)

COMMUNITY POLICING AND COMMUNICATION

It is beneficial to make the training of police officers as experiential, interactive and participatory

as possible. For example, a fair amount of law enforcement training could include simulation

exercises and problem-solving activities that help develop communication and language skills. A

key element of success within any of the community oriented policing methods is effective

communication. Minimal education related to effective communication skills and strategies has

been provided to police officers. (Yardley, 2013)


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Context Matters When Considering Staffing Analysis

When asked to provide department-specific contexts for their staffing experiences, respondents

listed circumstances that were remarkably similar across agencies. Budget constraints were

important to almost all respondents. Respondents from more than half the agencies in our sample

stated that their relationships with state or local governments were strained because of the recent

recession and subsequent budget negotiations. Such strains, they added, have actually led

agencies of varying size to share knowledge and strategy. Professional organizations help

provide connections for sharing strategies. The perceived unique context of each jurisdiction is

both a disadvantage and a potential benefit for staffing analyses. Because they feel their

environments are unique, some practitioners feel that inter-departmental comparisons yield few

tangible solutions to problems that they have faced independently over long periods of time.

Respondents from three agencies expressed a desire to conduct analyses, but were reluctant to

use peer comparisons because of the perception that no other agency has a similar operational

environment. One respondent said that although were always looking at what others are

doing, specific organizational issues not shared by others make such comparisons

meaningless. Such an attitude may isolate agencies professionally. As one chief commented,

Were not in competition with each other, and all our problems are basically the same. Using

peer comparisons in budget negotiations may counter or confirm perceptions that an agencys

struggle is common or unique, allowing for informal and casual comparisons upon which many

professional relationships are based. Peer benchmarking can also help mitigate insular thinking

and the potential belief that the agencies and communities are more different than they truly are.

In fact, as discussed throughout this guidebook, agencies share a lot of common characteristics

and experiences.


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Community Policing and Problem-Solving Efforts Are Being Compromised

Perceived understaffing may undercut community policing and similar problem-solving efforts.

Many agencies disclosed that the relationship between staffing and community policing efforts

may not be linear. Problem-solving may be structurally integrated in community-oriented

approaches to patrol, response, follow-up, and organizational transparency. Nevertheless, both

specialized units (often in the form of school, housing, or business-related outreach programs)

and proactive patrol efforts are compromised because of restrictions in uncommitted officer time

arising from budget cutbacks. (Wilson, Weiss, 2012)

Building Police-Community Relationships

The relationship of the police to the community should be harmonious. The community relies

upon the police department to protect and serve and the police, in return, rely upon community

support and cooperation in order to be effective. When communication and trust deteriorate,

tensions build between the community and police and undermine their shared goal of safer

communities. Poor communication between the police and communities served was the problem

listed most frequently, in a variety of ways, by police and community members surveyed. When

asked what the main problems are when it comes to police-community relations, police leaders

listed language barriers, connecting with the community, and lack of meaningful

communication on both sides and lack of understanding of police practices as obstacles to better

relations. This list is similar to the one provided by community members, who listed lack of

communication, language barriers, and lack of relationships as barriers to getting along

with the police.


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Communication is an active, not passive, process. It is not merely the provision of information or

demands to another, rather it is a process of engagement, of listening, of seeking out and

understanding what the other is trying to express. Where communities and police departments

are communicating successfully with each other, how are they doing it? What are specific cities

doing, either successfully or not so successfully? Are formal communications plans (at least

between police leaders and the community) the way to go? What process should be instituted

that would allow one group to understand the other so that trust might flourish?

In this section, we will discuss strategies that police can use in reaching out to communities.

Such strategies include: incorporating accountability and transparency; creating opportunities for

educational exchanges such as citizens police academies; establishing regular neighborhood

meetings and maintaining communication and follow-up between these meetings; and organizing

forums to discuss policies, tactics, or technology of interest to community. We will also examine

the strategies used by the communities to reach out to and educate the police about the

community, such as maintaining communication and follow up between neighborhood meetings,

canvassing for volunteers and establishing an active roster, and raising awareness of

neighborhood meetings.(West,2001)


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Chapter III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methodology used in the study. It includes a description of the

method of research used, the locale of study, respondents and sampling procedure, instrument

used and the statistical analysis of data.

Research Design

This study utilized the descriptive-correlational method of research. This method

attempts to assess the effectiveness of crime prevention strategies implemented by the

Camalaniugan Police Station.

In this study, it will describe the effectiveness of the crime prevention strategies of

Camalaniugan Police Station in terms of mobility, communication, manpower and community

support and the problems encountered in implementing the same and will evaluated and analyze.

Locale of the Study

This research study will be conducted in the municipality of Camalaniugan, Cagayan.

PNP members and Barangay Officials from 5 Barangays of Camalaniugan that are specifically

selected as a respondents of this study. Those Barangays that are not included is due to the

difficult accessibility on those remote areas.

Respondents and Sampling Procedure

There were one hundred sixty seven (167) respondents of this study consisting of twenty

(20) Camalaniugan PNP Officer and one hundred forty seven (147) Barangay officials from


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twenty one (21) Barangays of Camalaniugan, Cagayan. The devolved person were taken on the

basis of specific sampling. However, purposive sampling was utilized in the selection of the

program implementers. Table 1 below shows the respondents of the study.

Table1. Respondents of the Study

Respondents Number of Respondents

PNP members 20

Barangay Officials 35

Research Instrument

A structured questionnaire was prepared as the principal data gathering tool. The

questionnaire consisted of 2 parts: the assessment of effectiveness of Crime Prevention Strategies

implemented by the Camalaniugan Police Station in terms of mobility, communication,

manpower, community support, the assessment of the problems encountered in Crime Prevention

Strategies implemented by the Camalaniugan Police Station in terms of mobility,

communication, manpower, community support. The question items were prepared in English

but during interview, the questions were translated in Filipino whenever necessary. Document

analysis was also resorted to particularly on date on crime profile of the Camalaniugan, Cagayan.

After all the respondents were interviewed and necessary data were gathered, the data

was edited, coded and tabulated.

Gathering of Data


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The researcher will ask permission from the Chief of Police and to the Barangay Officials

by giving them Letter of Permission signed by the Dean of the researchers. Such letter will be

carried by the researchers and discussed to the chief of police. After the proper permission was

observed from the authorities concerned, the researcher will float questionnaires personally to

the respondents during their working hours in order to ensure a very good retrieval of the results.

To look into the crime profile of the Camalaniugan, Cagayan, the researcher will look for the

record files of the Camalaniugan Police Station.

Analysis of Data

The data gathered will be tabulated, analyzed and interpreted. Frequency counts, clear

percentage distribution in treating the profile of the respondents.

Weighted mean will be used to determine the effectiveness of Crime Prevention

Strategies implemented by the Camalaniugan Police Station as assessed by PNP members

themselves and Barangay Officials.


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QUESTIONNAIRE

Dear Respondents:

Greetings!

The undersigned, a student of the College of Criminal Justice and Administration

of Cagayan State University- Aparri is presently conducting his study entitled Effectiveness of

Crime Prevention Strategies Implemented by the Camalaniugan Police Station.

Below are some questions that need your honest response which will be very

useful in attaining the objectives of the study. Rest assured that all your answers in this

questionnaire will be treated in strict confidentiality.

Thank you very much.

BRIGIDO G. GUMARANG II JAYMAR REOLIQUIO

Researcher Researcher

Name (optional) _______________________________________________________

Part I. Effectiveness of Crime Prevention Strategies as Implemented by the Camalaniugan

Police Station


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Directions: Please indicate you assessment on the effectiveness of crime prevention strategies

implemented by the Camalaniugan Police Station using the scale below. Simply put a check

mark on the column which commensurate to your responses.

Numerical Value Mean Range Descriptive Scale

` 5 4.20- 5.00 Very Effective (VE)

4 3.40- 4.19 Effective (E)3 2.60- 3.39 Moderately (ME)

2 1.80- 2.59 Less Effective (LE)

1 1.00- 1.79 Not Effective (NE)

1. MobilityITEMS 1 2 3 4 5

1. Utilizes mobile cars in responding to incidents/ policeassistance.

2. Conducts patrol using patrol/ mobile cars/ motorcycles incrime prone and far flung areas.

3. Uses Public Utility Land Vehicles not exclusively utilizedfor the purpose.

4. Utilizes mobile patrol with official markings/ drivers forcrime responses.

5. Responds more quickly to police assistance using patrol/mobile cars.

2.

Communication ITEMS 1 2 3 4 5

1. Provides radio communication equipment and cell phone toduty/ dispatch personnel..

2. Patrols in crime prone areas with radio communication andcall phone issue.

3. Dispatches police personnel for assistance equipped withradio communication and cell phone.

4. Responds to police assistance through radio, telephone andcell phone.

5. Utilizes radio, cell phone and telephone as a means ofcommunication during police assistance.

3. ManpowerITEMS 1 2 3 4 5

1. Conducts patrol led by Police Commission Officer.2. Details PNP personnel in all Barangay especially in crime

prone areas in proper uniform while on duty.


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3. Observes buddy- buddy system especially at night timewhile on dispatch.

4. Employs seven (7) team members during dispatch.5. Employs stand- reaction team for quick police dispatch.

4. Community Support ITEMS 1 2 3 4 51. Patrols crime prone areas together with force multipliers.2. Encourage community participation in information gathering

on crimes reported.

3. Respond immediately to reported crimes with the assistanceof the community members.

4. Conducts information gathering and intelligence throughtrained assets from the community.

5. Enjoins the community to act as witnesses in filling casesagainst suspect/s.

Part II. Problems encountered in the Effectiveness of Crime Prevention Strategies as

implemented by the Camalaniugan Police Station

Directions: Please indicate your assessment on the problems encountered in the implementationof the effectiveness of crime prevention strategies of Camalaniugan Police Station using the

scale below. Simply put a check mark on the column which commensurate to your responses.

Numerical Value Mean Range Descriptive Scale

` 5 4.20- 5.00 Very Serious (VS)4 3.40- 4.19 Serious (S)

3 2.60- 3.39 Moderately Serious (MS)2 1.80- 2.59 Less Serious (LS)

1 1.00- 1.79 Not a Problem (NP)

1. MobilityITEMS 1 2 3 4 5

1. Limited mobile cars for immediate dispatch to conductpolice assistance.

2.

Inadequate (Petroleum Oil Lubricants) POL allowance fromthe MOOE to conduct patrol in the community to suppress

crime occurrence in the barangays of Camalaniugan,

Cagayan

3. Lack of fund for maintenance of patrol cars and motorvehicles of the Camalaniugan PS

4. Limited support of LGU in line with the mobility/ MOOEcapability.


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5. Utilizes personal vehicles/ motorcycle of the duty PNPpersonnel in responding to police assistance.

2. CommunicationITEMS 1 2 3 4 5

1. Handheld radios are issued only to team leaders indesignated sectors, stations and substations.2. The Camalaniugan Police Station communication equipment

is not upgraded.

3. Lack of communication lines of the police to the community.4. No communication gadgets provided to the force multipliers

for easy access of information to the community.

5. Communication linkages is a problem of the CamalaniuganPolice and force multipliers due to insufficient fund support

for the purpose from LGU.

3. Manpower ITEMS 1 2 3 4 51. Inadequate PCO personnel to act as team leaders to conduct

patrol in crime prone areas.

2. Absence of Police in the Barangay to conduct patrol in thecommunity.

3. PNP personnel are dispatch without back- up.4. The Camalaniugan PS patrol team is led by Police Non-

Commission Officer (PNCO).

5. Back-up/ reaction teams on standby are randomly selectedfrom personnel performing administrative function.

4. Community SupportITEMS 1 2 3 4 5

1. Lack of participation of the community as witnesses due tovengeance from the offenders.

2. Lack of meeting with Barangay Officials in the conduct ofinformation gathering activities in the Barangay.

3. Inadequate presence of police in crime prone areas.4. Unawareness of the community pertaining to the crime

prevention program of Camalaniugan Police Station.

5. Low confidence of the community or negative perception tothe men- in- uniform or to the police as their protectors.


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effectiveness of crime prevention strategies

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