effective leadership lec 2 'leadership equation
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EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP
Learning Focus
What is leadership, and why is it important?
Where do leaders learn to lead, and what do people want
in a leader?
What are the satisfactions and frustrations of leadership?
What are the elements of caring leadership?
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LEADERSHIP EXCELLENCE
Leadership excellence requires the ability to:
○ Attract capable people
○ Motivate them to put forth their best effort
○ Solve problems that arise
These are difficult tasks,
which helps explain why
effective leadership
is so rare
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EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP
Leadership:
The ability to inspire confidence and
support among the people who are needed
to achieve organizational goals
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LEADERSHIP INTERACTIONAL FRAMEWORK
FOLLOWER
Task, Stress
& Environment
LEADER
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Values, Norms, Cohesiveness etc
SITUATION
Personality, Position, Expertise
Leadership Interactional Framework Depicts leadership as a function of three
elements::The leaderThe followersThe situation
A particular leadership situation scenario can be is best understood by examining or analyzing the interactions in the area of overlaps.
Leadership is the result of complex interactions among the leader, the followers, and the situation.
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The Leader
Aspects of the leadership equation:
Unique personal history Interests
Character traits
Motivation
Effective leaders differ from their followers, and from ineffective leaders on elements such as:
Personality traits, cognitive abilities
Skills, values
Personality can affect leadership through temperament.
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The Leader
Leaders appointed by superiors may have less
credibility and may get less loyalty.
Dilbert’s Leadership Principle
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The Leader
Leaders elected or emerging by Leaders elected or emerging by consensusconsensus
from ranks of followers are from ranks of followers are seen as more seen as more
effective.effective.
A leader’s A leader’s experience or history experience or history in a particular in a particular
organization is usually important to her or his organization is usually important to her or his
effectiveness.effectiveness.
The The extent of follower participation extent of follower participation in leader’s in leader’s
selection may affect a leader’s selection may affect a leader’s legitimacy.legitimacy.SC Copyright 2012 9
LEADERSHIP
Leadership as Partnership
oLeadership is a long-term relationship, or
partnership, between leaders and group members.
oThe power between leader and group members is
approximately balanced.
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The Followers Aspects of followers which affect the
leadership process:
Expectations Personality traits Maturity levels Levels of competence Motivation
Workers who share a leader’s goals and Workers who share a leader’s goals and values will be more motivated to do their values will be more motivated to do their workwork.
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The Followers The number of followers reporting to a leader can have significant
implications.
Other relevant variables
include:
Follower’s trust
Follower’s confidence
or lack thereof in
leader’s interest in
their well-being.
Low follower confidence !
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Changing Roles for FollowersChanging Roles for Followers The leader-follower relationship is in a period of
dynamic change.
Increased pressure to function with reduced resources.
Trend toward greater power sharing and decentralized authority in organizations.
Increase in complex problems and rapid changes.
Followers can become much more proactive in their stance toward organizational problems.
Followers can become better skilled at “influencing upward,” flexible and open to opportunities.
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The Situation
Leadership often makes
sense only in the context
of how the leader and
followers interact in
a given situation.
The situation may be the most
ambiguous aspect of the leadership
framework.
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““You’ve got to give loyalty You’ve got to give loyalty
down, if you want loyalty up.”down, if you want loyalty up.”
~ ~ Donald T. Regan,Donald T. Regan,Former CEO and White House, Chief of Former CEO and White House, Chief of
StaffStaff
Leader-Follower-Situation Leader-Follower-Situation InteractionsInteractions
Leaders create environments where follower’s innovations and creative contributions are welcomed.
Leaders encourage growth and development in their followers beyond the scope of the job.
Leaders are generally more interested in the big picture of followers’ work than managers.
Leaders motivate followers through more personal and intangible factors.
Leaders redefine the parameters of tasks and responsibilities.
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Leadership as Partnership
To have a successful partnership:
Common purpose
Freedom to say ‘No’
Joint accountability
Honest relationships
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Learning to Lead: What People WantWhere do leaders learn to lead?
#1 is from experience
○ Often sink or swim
#2 is from examples or models
○ They show both what to do and what to avoid
#3 is from books and school
○ Includes formal education, seminars, and professional reading
What people want most in a leader:
Integrity, also known as honesty
Job knowledge
People-building skills – welfare of soldiers
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Leader Satisfactions and Frustrations
Satisfactions A feeling of power and prestige
A chance to help others
High income
Respect and status
Opportunities for advancement
A feeling of being in a position of knowledge
An opportunity to control money and other resources
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Leader Satisfactions and Frustrations
Frustrations
Too much uncompensated work time
Too many problems
No enough authority to carry out responsibility
Loneliness
Too many problems involving people
Organizational politics
The pursuit of conflicting goals
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Caring Leadership
Caring is an essential ingredient for success
Only when the leader cares will:
○ Others care – contagious!
○ There be focus and energy for the work
to be done
Two aspects of caring leadership:
Commitment to a task
Concern for people
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Caring Leadership
Both commitment to a goal and concern for
others must be present for caring leadership to
occur
Without commitment, there is no passion
Without concern, there is no loyalty
Caring leadership cannot be legislated, and it
cannot be an act
When the leader cares, others become focused
and energized
At this point ,direction and momentum develop
and great achievements are madeSC Copyright 2012 21
Leadership in the Work Setting
Difference between leadership and management?
Management involves four functions:
○ Planning
○ Organizing
○ Directing
○ Controlling
Leadership describes what takes place during
the first three of these functions:○ Establishing a direction (planning)○ Aligning people and resources (organizing)○ Energizing people to accomplish results
(directing)SC Copyright 2012 22
Leadership and Management
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Leaders Managers
Innovate Administer
Develop Maintain
Inspire Control
Long-term view Short-term view
Ask what and why Ask how and when
Originate Initiate
Challenge the status quo Accept the status quo
Do the right things Do things right
Leadership in the Work Setting To be successful, these processes require:
Insight
Decisiveness
Courage
Strength
Resolve
Diplomacy
Management provides order and consistency
Leadership produces change and movement
○ Successful organizations have both
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