Effect of Boron Nanoparticles on the Combustion of Jet A-1

Droplets

Vinu M Kuriakose

14AE60R18

Under The Guidance Of

Dr. Sr inibas Karmakar

I IT KHARAGPUR

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INTRODUCTION

• Droplet

• Fuel Energy Density

• Metallic additives : volumetric energy

• Particle settling

Slurry fuels : Micron and Millimetre Sized ParticlesNano-fluid : Nanoparticles

• High energy production in Ramjet Engine / missiles

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LITERATURE REVIEW

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Author Result

• Irfan Javed , SeungWook Baek , Khalid Waheed [1]

•The combustion rate of Nano-fluid droplets was substantially higher than the combustion rate of pure droplets ( due to multiple-time droplet ruptures )•Pure and stabilized kerosene droplets (ATF) , the n-Al/kerosene droplets exhibited disruptive burning behavior at all combustion temperatures and did not obey the classical D2- Law

•I. Javed, S.W. Baek, K. Waheed, G. Ali, S.O. Cho[2]•I. Javed, S.W. Baek, K. Waheed[3]

The agglomerates may be shattered by small explosions that occur due to the addition of NPs

•Ajin C. Sajeevan and V. Sajith [4]

The addition of surfactant with nanoparticles improves the stability of the nanoparticle fuel suspension and reduces the viscosity andsurface tension

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OBJECTIVES

• Finding the effect on fuel droplet regression rate by the addition of boron nanoparticles.

• Observing the probability of nucleation and disruptive behavior by the addition of nanoparticles with different proportions.

• Investigate the effects of boron nanoparticles on the Jet fuel combustion in terms of flame intensity.

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Experimental Methodology

Figure 1 : Various components in the experimental setup

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Ignition coil :nickel and chromium alloy

Quartz fiber :0.2 mm

The fuel used :

ATF (Jet A-1 )

Nanoparticles used :

Boron (<70 nm)

Instruments Used:

An Ultra Sonicator The ignition mechanism Nikon D 3200 with 30fps camera High speed camera(Phantom v7.3) at

3000 frames per second

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Fig 2 :Sonicator

Fig 3 : Ignition Mechanism , outer view (left) , inner view (right)

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PROPERTIES

Table 1 : Properties of materials used

Property (Jet A-1)Property Sorbitan Oleate, SO

(Span 80)

Boron

Chemical

Formula

C8-C16 C24H44O6 B

Density 804 kg/m3 994 kg/m3 2.3 kg/m3

Heating Value 43.15 MJ/kg

(Gravimetric )

35 MJ/L

(Volumetric)

--- 58.5 MJ/kg

(Gravimetric)

137 MJ/L

(Volumetric )

Boiling point 180 - 250 °C 579°C -

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ObservationAnd

Result

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Fig 4 : Droplet burning sequence of Pure Jet A-1

t=3s t=3.5s t=4s t=4.4s t=4.6s

t=0 t=0.5s t=1s t=1.5s t=2s t=2.5s

Model of Droplet Burning Life

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Fig 5 : Surfactant add Jet A-1 normalized droplet diameter verses time

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Fig 6 : Boron added Jet A-1 normalized droplet diameter verses time

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a) Jet A-1 + 0.125 % SO

t=0 t=3s t=3.5s t=4s t=4.5s

t=0 t=3s t=3.5s t=4s t=4.2s

b) Jet A-1 + 0.125 % SO + 0.25 % B

Reason for droplet regression rate changes at the end of burning-Dilute Concentration

Fig 7: Droplet end burning of dilute nano-boron /Jet A-1 with surfactant

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a) Jet A-1 + 2.5 % SO

t=0 t=2.5s t=3.2s t=3.5s t=4s

t=0 t=3s t=3.5s t=3.75s t=3.9s

Reason for droplet regression variation at the end of burning-Dense Concentration

b) Jet A-1 + 2.5 % SO + 5% B

Fig 8: Droplet end burning of dense nano-boron / Jet A-1 with surfactant

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Flame sequence in droplet combustion

Fig 9 : Flame sequences of Sorbitan Oleate (SO) cases

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Fig 10 : Flame sequence of boron nanoparticles burning cases

Flame sequence in droplet combustion

a) b)

c d

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Fig 11 : Burning of boron nanoparticles (Jet A-1 + 2.5% SO + 5% B)

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Fig 12 : Flame sequences of one of dilute and dense concentration each by high speed camera

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Fig 13 : Flame intensity variation by surfactant (SO)

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Fig 14 : Flame intensity variation by boron nanoparticles (B) with SO

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CONCLUSIONS

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• The combustion rate of boron nanoparticle-Jet A-1 droplets was

substantially higher than the combustion rate of pure Jet A-1 droplets. This

enhancement in combustion rate was due to multiple-time droplet ruptures

occurring in the nanofluid droplets.

• The nanoparticles were ejected from the droplets via disruptions, and

almost no residue or agglomerated nanoparticles remained on the fiber,

and consequently, no separate boron flame was observed.

• Boron nanoparticles presence in the droplet will break the puffing effect,

caused due to surfactant, at higher concentration.

• In contrast to pure and stabilized Jet A-1 droplets, the boron nanoparticle-

Jet A-1 droplets exhibited disruptive burning behavior at dense

concentrations and did not obey the classical D2-law.

• In the study the suspension quality of Span 80 is less, so we have to consider the use of another better surfactant or combustible gel for better suspension quality.

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SCOPE OF THIS PROJECT

• It is expected that ramjet/missiles will give high performance from the high energy produced in presence of boron

• High energy density of boron will help either to reduce the total fuel weight carried or provides space to carry additional fuel in tank

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