effect of different dosages of self curing compound (using
TRANSCRIPT
103 International Journal of Advances in Arts, Sciences and Engineering, Volume 4 Issue 9 Sep 2016 2320-6144 (Online)
Effect of Different Dosages of Self Curing Compound (Using Peg-400) On
M25 Mix Concrete 1. S.Mohnika 2. K.Vinodkumar 3. K.V.N.Mallikharjunarao
1. PG Scholar (Structural Engineering), RISE KRISHNA Sai Gandhi Group of Institutions, ONGOLE , Andhra Pradesh, India. [email protected]
2. Asst.Professor (Structural Engineering), RISE KRISHNA Sai Gandhi Group of Institutions, ONGOLE,
Andhra Pradesh, India. [email protected]
3. Asst.Professor (Structural Engineering), RISE KRISHNA Sai Gandhi Group of Institutions, ONGOLE,
Andhra Pradesh, India. [email protected]
ABSTRACT:
Now a days concrete is most commonly used building material because it gives good
strength results. As per survey the usage of cement rapidly increases from 1.5 to 2.2 billion tons
from 1995 to 2010 (Malhotra, 1999). The durability and strength characteristics of concrete is
depends on curing, optimum strength is reached by proper curing. Moisture content, humidity and
temperature conditions are influence the curing. The minimum curing time for concrete is 28 days;
it gives good hydrations and good strength results. If proper curing is not take place we could not
reach the desired strength results. So water/cement ratio place important role in curing. We need
proper water/cement ratio to hydrate cement particles of cement and for good bonding in between
particles. The water/cement ratio will also be effect the strength of concrete structures. The
water/cement ratio of range 0.35-0.45 is give better results.
The aim of this investigation is to study the strength and durability properties of concrete
using water-soluble Polyethylene Glycol as self-curing agent. The function of self-curing agent is
reduces water evaporation and increase the water retention capacity of concrete compared to the
nominal concrete. The use of self-curing compounds is saving water, it is a necessity everyday (for
each cubic meter of concrete requires 3m3 of water in a construction, most of which is used for
curing). In this study, compressive strength and split tensile strength of concrete containing self-
curing agent is investigated and compared with those of nominal concrete.
In this project we study the self-curing compound i.e. polyethylene glycol (PEG 400).
It is also known as shrinkage reducing admixture. The polyethylene glycol helps in curing, the
concrete with mix water only. Generally the weight of self-curing compound is taken as 0.3%
weight of cement. In this we study the PEG at different proportions of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% for M25
mix grade. Also study the compressive strength, spilt tensile strength and stress-strain curves at
varying percentages of polyethylene glycol and compared to nominal concrete.
Key words: Self-curing compound; Water retention; Hydration; Water permeability; Durability;
Poly-ethylene glycol-400.
104 International Journal of Advances in Arts, Sciences and Engineering, Volume 4 Issue 9 Sep 2016 2320-6144 (Online)
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Adequate curing is essential for
concrete to obtain structural and durability
properties and therefore is one of the most
important requirements for optimum concrete
performance. Curing of concrete is the process
of maintaining the proper moisture conditions
to promote optimum cement hydration
immediately after placement. With insufficient
water, the hydration will not proceed and the
resulting concrete is practically affected, failing
to provide a protective barrier against ingress of
harmful agents. Proper curing of concrete
structures is important to meet performance and
durability requirements. Enough water needs to
be present in a concrete for the hydration of
cement to take place. However, even mix
contains enough water, any loss of moisture
from the concrete will reduce the initial water
cement ratio and result in incomplete hydration
of cement especially with the mixes having low
water cement ratio. This results in very poor
quality of concrete.
1.2 Methods of Conventional Curing
Methods of curing concrete fall broadly into
the following categories:
i) Ponding or spraying
ii) By using covering of wet hessian.
iii) Reducing the rate of evaporation of
water from concrete surface by
covering with a relatively
impermeable membrane.
iv) Delaying the removal of formwork can
also be used to retain some water.
v) Steam curing.
1.3 Self Curing Concrete
The concept of self curing agents is to
reduce the water evaporation from concrete and
hence increase the water retention capacity of
the concrete compared to conventional
concrete. It was found that water soluble
polymers can be used as self-curing agents in
concrete. Concrete incorporating self-curing
agents will represents a new trend in the
concrete construction in the new millennium.
Curing of concrete plays a major role in
developing the concrete microstructure and
pore structure, and hence improves its
durability and performance. The concept of
self-curing agents is to reduce the water
evaporation from concrete, and hence increase
the water retention capacity of the concrete
compared to conventional concrete. The use of
self-curing admixtures is very important from
the point of view that water resources are
getting valuable every day(i.e., each 1cu.m of
concrete requires about 3cu.m of water for
construction most of which is for curing).
1.4 Definition of Self Curing
The ACI-308 Code states that “internal
curing refers to the process by which the
hydration of cement occurs because of the
availability of additional internal water that is
not part of the mixing water. “Conventionally,
curing concrete means creating conditions such
that water is not lost from the surface i.e., curing
is taken to happen ‘from the outside to inside’.
In contrast, ‘internal curing’ is allowing for
curing ‘from the inside to outside’ through the
internal reservoirs (in the form of saturated light
weight aggregates, superabsorbent polymers, or
105 International Journal of Advances in Arts, Sciences and Engineering, Volume 4 Issue 9 Sep 2016 2320-6144 (Online)
saturated wood fibres) created. ‘Internal curing’
is often referred as ‘Self-Curing’.
1.5 Polyethylene glycol
Polyethylene glycol (PEG), otherwise
known as polyoxyethylene or poly ethylene
oxide (PEO), is a synthetic polyether that is
readily available in a range of molecular
weights. Materials with Mw <100,000 are
usually called PEGs, while higher molecular
weight polymers are classified as PEOs. These
polymers are amphilic and soluble in water as
well as in many organic solvents (e.g.,
methylene chloride, ethanol, toluene, acetone,
and chloroform). Low molecular weight
(Mw <1,000) PEGs are viscous and colourless
liquids, while higher molecular weight PEGs
are waxy, white solids with melting points
proportional to their molecular weights to an
upper limit of about 67°C.
PEG and PEO are liquid of low melting
solids, depending on their molecular weight.
PEGs are prepared by polymerization of
ethylene oxide and are commercially available
over a wide range of molecular weights from
300g/mol to 10,000,000g/mol.
PEGs are also available with different
geometries.
i) Branched PEGs have three to ten PEG
chains emanating from a central core
group.
ii) Star PEGs have 10 to 100 PEG chains
emanating from a central core group.
iii) Comb PEG s have multiple PEG chains
normally grafted onto a polymer
backbone.
The numbers that are often included
in the names of PEGS indicate their
average molecular weights ( e.g. a
PEG with n=9 would have an average
molecular weight of approximately
4000 daltons, and would be labelled
PEG 4000.
PEG is soluble
in water, methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, benze
ne, and dichloromethane, and is insoluble
in diethyl ether and hexane. It is coupled to
hydrophobic molecules to produce non-
ionic surfactants.
2.LITERATURE REVIEW
M.V.Jagannadha Kumar, M.Srikanth,
Dr.K.Jagannadha Rao [1]
Studied that self curing concrete is
provided to absorb water from moisture from
air to achieve better hydration of cement in
concrete. In this shrinkage reducing admixture
polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) is a self curing
compound. Two types of grades are taken i.e.,
M20 and M40 grades of concrete. In this study
the self curing agent is added to concrete with
0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2% by weight of cement. The
experimental programme involves the
compressive, tensile and modulus of rupture
for M20 and M40 grades of concrete. For M20
grade of concrete totally 15 cubes, 15
cylinders, 15 beams are casted. Similarly for
M40 grade of concrete totally 15 cubes, 15
cylinders, 15 beams are casted to evaluate the
strength properties. The size of the cube is
150mm×150mm×150mm, size of cylinder is
300mm×150mm and size of beam is
106 International Journal of Advances in Arts, Sciences and Engineering, Volume 4 Issue 9 Sep 2016 2320-6144 (Online)
100mm×100mm×400mm. The investigation
aimed at studying on concrete with different
quantities of cement for M20 grade of
concrete is (340Kg/m3) and for M40 grade for
concrete the cement content was found to be
440kg/m3 for both for self and air- curing
concrete and compare the results for different
test. It was conclude that:
i) The optimum dosage of PEG400 for
maximum strengths (compressive,
tensile and modulus of rupture) was
found to be 1% for M20 and 0.5% for
M40 grades of concrete.
ii) As percentage of polyethylene glycol
(PEG400) increases automatically
slump increases for both M20 and
M40 grades of concrete.
Sathanandham.T1, Gobinath.R2,
NaveenPrabhu.M3, Gnanasundar.S3,
Vajravel K3, Sabariraja.G3, Manoj kumar.R3,
Jagathishprabu.R3 [2]
Studied that self curing concrete is
provided to absorb water from moisture from
air to achieve better hydration of cement in
concrete. In this shrinkage reducing admixture
polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000) is a self curing
compound. Two types of grades are taken i.e.,
M20 grade of concrete. In this study the self
curing agent is added to concrete with 0.5%,
1%, 1.5%, 2% by weight of cement. The
experimental programme involves the
compressive, tensile and modulus of rupture
for M20 grade of concrete. For M20 grade of
concrete totally 24 cubes are casted to
evaluate the compressive strength property.
The size of the cube is
150mm×150mm×150mm. The investigation
aimed at studying on concrete with different
quantities of cement for M20 grade of
concrete is (350Kg/m3). The compressive
strength results are taken at 7, 14, 28 days of
curing. It was conclude that:
i) The optimum dosage of PEG4000 for
maximum strengths (compressive)
was found to be 1.5% for M20 grade of
concrete.
ii) As percentage of polyethylene glycol
(PEG400) increases automatically
slump increases for both M20 and
M40 grades of concrete.
Prof. Vinayak Vijapur1, Manjunath .G.
Tontanal2 [3]
Investigated behaviour of self cured
steel fibre reinforced concrete. Fibres are use
din concrete to control cracking due to both
plastic and drying shrinkage which reduces the
permeability of concrete and bleeding of
water. In this study steel fibres are used as an
admixture and pumice aggregates as an self
curing agent. The grade of concrete was found
to be M30. The steel fibres are added to
concrete with 2% by volume fraction and self
curing agent i.e., pumice aggregates are
replaced by natural aggregates by different
percentages i.e., 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%,
50%. The experimental programme involves
the sorptivity, water absorption test and
107 International Journal of Advances in Arts, Sciences and Engineering, Volume 4 Issue 9 Sep 2016 2320-6144 (Online)
strength properties of concrete. In casing
programme the cubes are casted by taking the
pumice aggregates in 24 hrs water absorption
condition and without water absorption
condition and the results are compared. It was
conclude that:
i) In compressive strength test, flexural,
split tensile, shear strength test with
air curing at 30% replacement of
pumice aggregates by natural
aggregates gives the higher strength. If
the dosage of pumice aggregates
increased automatically strength
decreases.
ii) In compressive strength test, flexural,
split tensile, shear strength test with
water curing at 0% replacement of
pumice aggregates by natural
aggregates gives the higher strength. If
the dosage of pumice aggregates
increased automatically strength
decreases.
Amal Francis k#1, Jino John#2 [4]
Investigated on mechanical properties
of self curing concrete. In this shrinkage
reducing admixture superabsorbent
polymer(SAP) is a self curing compound. The
grade of concrete was found to be M40. In this
study the self curing agent is added to concrete
with 0%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% by weight of
cement. The experimental programme
involves the compressive, tensile and flexural
strength for M40 grade of concrete. The size of
the cube is 150mm×150mm×150mm, beam
dimensions are 100mm×100mm×400mm,
cylinder dimensions are 300mm×150mm. The
investigation aimed at studying on concrete
with different quantities of cement for M40
grade of concrete is (350Kg/m3). The
compressive strength, flexural, split tensile
results are taken at 3, 7, 28 days of curing and
compare the results with air curing It was
conclude that:
i) The optimum dosage of SAP for
maximum strengths (compressive,
flexural, split tensile strength) was
found to be 0.3% for M40 grade of
concrete.
3. 1 Mix Design For M25
S.No. Description Quantity
1. Grade of Concrete = M25
2. Grade of cement = OPC 53
3. Minimum cement
content= 300 kg/m3
4. Maximum cement content
= 540 kg/m3
5. Maximum w/c ratio = 0.45
6. Adopt w/c ratio = 0.40
7. Maximum water content 186 lit
8. Adopt water 180 lit
9. Target strength =
25+1.65(4) 31.6MPa
10. Volume of coarse
aggregate 0.62
11. Volume of fine aggregate
= 1-0.62 = 0.38
0.35
(adopt)
12. Cement content =180/0.40 450 kg/m3
13. Volume of cement = -450
3.07𝑥
1
1000
0.146m3
14. Volume of water = 186
1𝑥
1
1000
0.186m3
15. Volume of all in
aggregates = 1-
(0.146+0.186)
0.667m3
16. Mass of fine aggregates =
(0.667X0.35x2.60x 1000) 607 kg/m3
17. Mass of coarse aggregates
= (0.667x0.62x2.80x1000)
1158
kg/m3
108 International Journal of Advances in Arts, Sciences and Engineering, Volume 4 Issue 9 Sep 2016 2320-6144 (Online)
Quantity of Materials per m3 of GPC mix
1. Cement 450 kg/m3
2 Fine Aggregate 607 kg/m3
3. Coarse Aggregate 1158
kg/m3
4. Water 180 kg/m3
Ratio 1:1.34:2.5
3.2 Cubes
Standard cube moulds of size
150X150X150mm are made of cast iron were
used for obtaining strength and durability
properties.
3.3 Mixing
It was found that the fresh concrete
was dark in colour. The amount of water in the
mixture played an important role on the
behaviour of fresh concrete. When the mixing
time was long, mixtures with high water
content bleed and segregation of aggregates and
the paste occurred. This phenomenon was
usually followed by low compressive strength
of hardened concrete. The effects of water
content in the mixture and the mixing time were
critical parameters which decide the concrete
should be within five to seven minutes as for
the concrete and while mixing the following
steps should be followed:
i) First mix all dry materials in the pan
mixer.
ii) Add the liquid component of the
mixture at the end of dry mixing, and
continue the wet mixing for another
four minutes.
Mixing of materials in 90 kg
mixer
3.4 Curing
After completion of casting all the
specimens were kept to maintain the ambient
conditions viz., temperature of 27±2 C and
90% relative humidity for 24hrs. The
specimens were removed from the mould and
kept in lab for indoor curing.
3.5 Compressive strength
S.N
O
TYPE
OF
CONCR
ETE
GRA
DE
OF
MIX
%
OF
PEG
C-
400
AVERAGE
COMPRES
SIVE
STRENGT
H AT
7DAYS
(N/mm2)
1.
Conventi
onal
concrete
M25 0 17.34
2 Self-
curing
concrete
M25 0.5% 18.85
M25 1.0% 19.95
M25 1.5% 18.11
Compressive Strength values for 7 days
Compressive Strength of Concrete for 7 days
0
5
10
15
20
25
M25 M25 M25 M25
Conventional concrete Self-curing Concrete
% OF PEGC-400
AVERAGE COMPRESSIVESTRENGTH AT 7 DAYS(N/mm2)
109 International Journal of Advances in Arts, Sciences and Engineering, Volume 4 Issue 9 Sep 2016 2320-6144 (Online)
S.N
O
TYPE
OF
CONCR
ETE
GRA
DE
OF
MIX
%
OF
PEG
C-
400
AVERAGE
COMPRES
SIVE
STRENGT
H AT
28DAYS
(N/mm2)
1.
Conventi
onal
concrete
M25 0 29.89
2 Self-
curing
concrete
M25 0.5% 32.81
M25 1.0% 36.55
M25 1.5% 35.11
Compressive Strength values for 28 days
Compressive strength at the age of 28 days for
different Activator ratios Split Tensile Strength Test
S.N
O
TYPE
OF
CONCR
ETE
GRA
DE
OF
MIX
%
OF
PEG
C-
400
AVERA
GE
SPLIT
TENSIL
E
STRENG
TH AT
7DAYS
(N/mm2)
1.
Conventio
nal
concrete
M25 0 1.78
2 Self-
curing
concrete
M25 0.5% 1.70
M25 1.0% 2.12
M25 1.5% 2.05
Split Tensile Strength of Concrete for 7 days
Split Tensile Strength of Concrete for 7 days
S.N
O
TYPE OF
CONCRE
TE
GRAD
E OF
MIX
%
OF
PEG
C-400
AVERAG
E SPLIT
TENSILE
STRENG
TH AT
28DAYS
(N/mm2)
1.
Conventional concrete
M25 0 2.12
2 Self-curing concrete
M25 0.5% 2.34
M25 1.0% 2.69
M25 1.5% 2.90
Split Tensile Strength of Concrete for 28
days
Split Tensile Strength of Concrete for 28
days
Split tensile strength test on cylinder
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
M25 M25 M25 M25
Conventional concrete Self-curing Concrete
% OF PEGC-400
AVERAGE COMPRESSIVESTRENGTH AT 28 DAYS(N/mm2)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
M25 M25 M25 M25
Conventionalconcrete
Self-curing Concrete
% OF PEGC-400
AVERAGE TENSILE STRENGTH AT7 DAYS (N/mm2)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
M25 M25 M25 M25
Conventional concrete Self-curing Concrete
% OF PEGC-400
AVERAGE TENSILESTRENGTH AT 28 DAYS(N/mm2)
110 International Journal of Advances in Arts, Sciences and Engineering, Volume 4 Issue 9 Sep 2016 2320-6144 (Online)
S.N
O
TYPE
OF
CONCR
ETE
GRA
DE
OF
MIX
%
OF
PEG
C-
400
AVERAG
E
DURABIL
ITY OF
CONCRE
TE AT
7DAYS
(N/mm2)
1.
Conventi
onal
concrete
M25 0 15.75
2 Self-
curing
concrete
M25 0.5% 16.00
M25 1.0% 17.55
M25 1.5% 16.64
Durability of concrete for 7 days
Durability of concrete for 7 days
S.N
O
TYPE OF
CONCRE
TE
GRA
DE
OF
MIX
%
OF
PEG
C-
400
AVERAGE
DURABILI
TY OF
CONCRET
E AT 28
DAYS
(N/mm2)
1.
Conventio
nal
concrete
M25 0 25.00
2 Self-curing
concrete
M25 0.5% 27.00
M25 1.0% 29.11
M25 1.5% 29.66
Durability of concrete for 28 days
Durability of concrete for 28 days Nomencl
ature of
mix
Number of days
0
da
ys
3
da
ys
7
da
ys
10
da
ys
14
da
ys
21
da
ys
28
da
ys
Air
curing
0 0 5.8 8.87
10 16 20
Water
curing
0 0 3.7 5 6.87
8 10
PEG-
400-0.5%
0 0 4.2 5.62
7.5 11 14.5
PEG-
400-1%
0 0 5 6.37
8.12
12.7
16.5
PEG-
400-1.5%
0 0 4 5.5 7.12
8.5 11
Average Acid Attacking Factor values of
PEG 400 when immersed in 5% HCL
Average Acid Attacking
Factor values of PEG 400 when
immersed in 5% HCL
Nomencla
ture of
mix
0
mi
n
10
mi
n
30
Mi
n
60
mi
n
12
0
mi
n
24
0
mi
n
36
0
Mi
n
Air
curing
0 0.0
3
0.0
6
0.0
7
0.1
5
0.2
2
0.2
8
Water
curing
0 0 0.0
2
0.0
4
0.0
6
0.0
9
0.1
1
PEG-400-
0.5%
0 0.0
1
0.0
3
0.0
5
0.0
8
0.1
2
0.1
9
PEG-400-
1%
0 0.0
2
0.0
4
0.0
6
0.0
9
0.1
6
0.2
PEG-400-
1.5%
0 0 0.0
2
0.0
4
0.0
7
0.1 0.1
3
Water absorption values of PEG 400
(W/A) in cm
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
M25 M25 M25 M25
Conventional concrete Self-curing Concrete
% OF PEGC-400
AVERAGE DURABILITY OFCONCRETE AT 7 DAYS(N/mm2)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
M25 M25 M25 M25
Conventional concrete Self-curing Concrete
% OF PEGC-400
AVERAGE DURABILITY OFCONCRET AT 28 DAYS(N/mm2)
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 days 3 days 7 days 10days
14days
21days
28days
Air Curing
Water Curing
PEG-400-0.5%
PEG-400-1%
PEG-400-1.5%
111 International Journal of Advances in Arts, Sciences and Engineering, Volume 4 Issue 9 Sep 2016 2320-6144 (Online)
Water absorption values of PEG 400
(W/A) in cm
4. CONCLUSIONS
Based on the experimental investigations,
“Engineering properties of concrete” such as
Compressive strength, split tensile, durability
and stress-strain curve.
1. Strength of self-curing concrete is high
when compared with conventional
concrete.
2. Self-curing concrete is reducing the
improper curing problems.
3. Self-Curing concrete is an alternative
method to conventional concrete in desert
regions where scarcity of water is a major
problem.
4. The optimum dosage of PEG-400 for
maximum Compressive strength was found to
be 1.0% for M25 of concrete.
5. Wrapped curing is less efficient than
Membrane curing and Self-curing it can be
applied to simple as well as complex shapes.
6. In compression strength aspect the
incremental change in the strength was
observed and it is more than 1.25 times than the
conventional concrete.
7. In the split tensile strength aspect we
observed the incremental change which is
1.1times more than the conventional concrete.
5 .REFERENCES:
1. M.V. Jaganadha Kumar, M. Srikanth,
Dr.K. Jaganadha Rao “Strength
Characteristics of Self-curing
Concrete” IJERT | Sep 2012.
2. Sathanandham.T1,Gobinath.R2,Navee
nPrabhu.M3,Gnanasundar.S3,Vajravel
.K3,Sabariraja.G3, Manoj kumar.R3,
Jagathishprabu.R3 “ Preliminary
Studies of Self curing Concrete With
the addition of Polyethylene glycol”
IJERT, Vol. 2 Issue 11, November –
2013 ISSN: 2278-0181.
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Tontanal “ An Experimental
Investigation on Behaviour of Self
Cured Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete ̋
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2013) , ISSN 2249-6149.
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Maaddawy, Ahmed A. M. Mahmud “
Water-Soluble Polymers as Self curing
agents in cement mixes”, Advances in
Cement Research,2012, Volume 24
Issue 5.
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0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.01
0.012
Air Curing
Water Curing
PEG-400-0.5%
PEG-400-1%
PEG-400-1.5%
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