eee (electrical theory fundamentals) robotsconf 2013
DESCRIPTION
My talk at RobotsConf 2013 about Electrical Theory Fundamentals, I called it EEE. See my blog post for more resources and better places to learn. http://www.roborooter.com/post/1486/eee-presentation-at-robotsconf-2013/TRANSCRIPT
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EEEElectrical Engineering Excitement
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If you wish to make an apple pie from scratch, you must first
invent the universe.Carl Sagan (Cosmos p218)
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If you wish to make a robot from scratch, you must first learn some basic electrical theory.
Not Carl Sagan (Cosmos p218)
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What this gets you• LEDs
• Lasers
• Servos
• Motors
• Touch Sensors
• Switches
• Light Sensors
• Joysticks
• LCD Displays
• Accelerometers
• Radios
• oh so much more
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ELECTRONS
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ELECTRONS
e-
e-
e-
e-
e-
• Negatively Charged
• Like to be evenly spaced
• Flow from negative areas to positive areas
- +
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ELECTRONS
e-
e-
e-
e-
e-• The flow of electrons is the
basis of electricity
• Current = Electrons per second (measured in Amps)
• Voltage = difference between the positive and negative charges (measured in Volts)
- +
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ELECTRONSe-
• The the larger the difference between negative and positive charges the faster the electrons will flow.
• More voltage leads to more amperage
- +
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ELECTRONSe-
• The the larger the difference between negative and positive charges the faster the electrons will flow.
• More voltage leads to more amperage
- +
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ELECTRONSe-
• The the larger the difference between negative and positive charges the faster the electrons will flow.
• More voltage leads to more amperage
- +
Meow!
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Voltage Terms• VCC
• Vin
• +5v
• Vout
• GND (Ground)
• 0v
• -5v
• -
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Conductors
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• Electrons flow over a Conductor
• Some conductors pass electrons better than others. You measure this ability in units of resistance.
• Copper wire is the commonly used conductor today
• Humans will are less commonly used
Conductors
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• All Conductors have some resistance
• The unit of electrical resistance is the ohm Ω
• Comparable to friction
• Resistors can be useful to slow down the electrons
Resistors
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Ohms Law
V=IR
Voltage = Current * ResistanceResistance = Voltage / CurrentCurrent = Voltage / Resistance
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Resistor Symbols
Resistor Rheostat Potentiometer
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Voltage Symbols
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Diagrams
1. +5V (Red)2. −Data (White)3. +Data (Green)4. GND (Black)
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Diagrams
• Symbols rule
• US Style, IEC style, stuff people make up style
• Know the terms
• Identify the electron flow
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LEDs
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LEDs• Silicon Voltage Drop (1.2v)
• Adjust current for brightness
• Max Current listed in docs. Often 10-20mA
• Needs a resistor for protection
• R = V / I
• (5v - 1.2v) / 0.02A = 190 Ω
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Diagrams
What’s going on here?
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SERVOS
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SERVOS
• Black GND
• RED +5v
• Yellow PWM Signal
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What’s PWM?• Pulse Width Modulation
• Voltage switches between 0v and Vin
• % of time the voltage is at Vin is the duty cycle
• Servos understand this to be % of angle I should turn
• LEDS brightness is affected
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What’s TTL?
• It’s how most digital logic communicates
• It encodes 0s and 1s into +5v and 0v
• or +3v and 0v
• Some devices work on both voltages
• Some break with the wrong voltage
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DIP Chips
• Dual Inline Pin
• Pins are Numbered Counter Clockwise
• “Bite” of the Chip is at the top
• The “Pin Out” or “data sheet” tells you what each pin does
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555 Timer
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DATA SHEETSRead Them
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What did we learn?
• Electron Flow
• Voltage = Current * Resistance
• How to Read Diagrams
• How LEDs, Servo’s and DIP Chips work
• PWM & TTL
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Image Credits• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Crook%27s_Tube
• http://www.adafruit.com/products/758
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_wire_and_cable#Solid_vs._stranded
• http://learn.adafruit.com/
• http://www.rapidtables.com/electric/electrical_symbols.htm
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LED
• http://mcuoneclipse.com/2013/05/30/tutorial-arduino-motorstepperservo-shield-part-1-servos/
• http://biorob.epfl.ch/cheetah
• http://electronicsclub.info/circuitsymbols.htm
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INSTRUCTABOTS.COMSHARE YOUR ROBOT’S CODE, PARTS AND STORY
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INSTRUCTABOTS.COMSHARE YOUR ROBOT’S CODE, PARTS AND STORY
Meow!
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Francis Gulotta
@reconbot github.com/reconbotrbrtr.com wizarddevelopment.com
Saturday, December 7, 13