edy suprianto, ambar kurniawan, m. akmal agustira, ratna … · indonesian oil palm research...
TRANSCRIPT
Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute
Edy Suprianto, Ambar Kurniawan, M. Akmal Agustira, Ratna Nurkhoiry, Suroso Rahutomo
• Indonesian oil palm smallholders development
• Problems on oil palm smallholders
• Planting material as a key factor
• Combating illegitimate oil palm seeds
• PROWITRA: IOPRI oil palm program for smallholders
2017 1995 1975 1985 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015
TIED: Smallholders
contracted to a plantation company
TIED+: Smallholders own
both tied & independent smallholdings
INDEPENDENT: Smallholders not
bound to a plantation company
320.607 ha NES I - VII
44.190 ha PIR-TRANS
200.465 ha KKPA
Revitalization 164.834 ha
State driven
Increasing role of private sectore
Decentralization
Private sector driven partnership models
Independent Plasma
Partial supported smallholders by
local agency
n.a
n.a
3 millions ha
Milestone of Indonesian oil palm smallholders development
Source: Molenaar, J. W. (2013). Diagnostic study on Indonesian oil palm smallholders. International Finance Corporation.
Source: Directorate General of Estate Crops (2016)
Oil Palm Area in Indonesia 11.6 Millions ha
Mapping Problems – Independent Smallholders
Low Yield Low Income
Not sustainable
Use of Illegitimate Planting Materials
Poor agronomic practices
Delay on replanting
Poor management of the smallholders’ institution
Misleading information about legitimate planting materials:
quality assurance, price, administration process,
Limited access to an information center
Limited information of best management practices
Limited access to production inputs
Limited access to financial sources
Limited credible advisors for the smallholders’
institutions
Limited funding to sustain income during replanting
Independent smallholders oil palm plantation can be easily recognized by unmanaged condition, nutrition deficiencies, use of illegitimate
materials, planting in unsuitable areas
Source: Purba et al. (2014)
Planting materials used
• 22% of farmers in Aceh, 28% in Bengkulu, and 63% in West Sumatera used illegitimate seed
• 68% of smallholders in Aceh were helped by government program which provided legitimate seedlings. While 49% of planters in Bengkulu gained legitimate seedlings from PT Agricinal as part of nucleous-plasma partnership with the company
Source: Purba et al. (2014)
Planting Material as Key Factor
Genetic –
Planting Materials
Climate
Rainfall Solar radiation Temperature
Agronomy Practices Fertilizer Plant Protection
Land Topography Drainage Fertility Soil structure Soil conservation
Harvesting Management Harvesting system Transportation Processing
Oil Palm Seed Production and Certification Flowchart
5 months
Controlled pollination
Seeds certification
Breeding Program
Seeds stock
Seedlings certification
3 months 1 week
3 months 9 – 21 months
15 – 20 years
QC QC QC QC
Pollen from selected Pisifera
Selected Dura as mother palm
QC
Seedlings certification
Seed garden designation
Assessment of variety
candidates by TP2V
Replanting, new planting, and oil palm seeds demand
Illegitimate seeds (‘False seeds’)
• The problems created by the extension of the market for illegitimate seeds became evident in 1997 during the previous oil palm boom in Indonesia (Baskett al., 2007).
• According to different sources, ‘false seeds’ planting material may be present in some 25% of the total area planted during the period 1997 – 2004 (Eko Basuki et al., 2005)
Various types of illegitimate oil palm seeds
Illegitimate oil palm seeds sold by online store
There is a wide variety of illegally produced, stolen, or mixed planting materials available on informal market
Illegitimate seeds are accompanied by fake documents
Reasons to use illegitimate seeds
Source: Agustira, MA (2016) Dampak kerugian ekonomi penggunaan bahan tanaman palsu kelapa sawit pada perkebunan rakyat (Studi kasus Kabupaten Siak Provinsi Riau)
Type of material
Origin of seeds
Losses due to D,T, or P type
Heterosis Inbreeding Potential
Commercial DxP
Seed producer 0 Yes 0 100
25% Dura 50% Tenera 25% Pisifera
Volunteer oil palm
- 32,25% No 75% (D+T)*40% 38.75
Expected value of illegitimate oil palm seeds
*Seedlings from DxP field are as a result of tenera*tenera pollination, will necessary include 25% of dura palms, 25% of pisifera palms and 50% of tenera palms.
Sources: Baskett, J. P. C., Jacquemard, J. C., Durand-Gasselin, T., Suryana, E., Zaelanie, H., & Dermawan, E. (2007). Planting material as key input for sustainable palm oil.
Yield profiles of legitimate and illegitimate seeds in oil palm smallholders (Case study on Siak – Riau Province)
Source: Agustira, MA (2016) Dampak kerugian ekonomi penggunaan bahan tanaman palsu kelapa sawit pada perkebunan rakyat (Studi kasus Kabupaten Siak Provinsi Riau)
Average cost (Rp/Ha) High quality oil palm seeds Illegitimate seeds
Planting materials 4,550,000 3,544,347 Investment 50,618,089 49,612,436 Maintenance cost (4-5 tahun) 8,461,143 7,761,143 Maintenance cost (6-8 tahun) 9,926,900 9,526,900 Maintenance cost (9-16 tahun) 9,288,135 8,788,135 Maintenance cost (>17 tahun) 5,789,830 5,639,830 Production cost per kg* 689.45 1,064.03 Profit per months/Ha* 1,341,514 503,895
Source: Agustira, MA (2016) Dampak kerugian ekonomi penggunaan bahan tanaman palsu kelapa sawit pada perkebunan rakyat (Studi kasus Kabupaten Siak Provinsi Riau)
Economic analysis
Combating illegitimate seeds
Seed Producers Regulator and Controlling Body
Law Enforcers
Quality Management System for seed production - traceability Seed tagging Specific and unique seeds packaging and supporting documents Education and mentoring for farmers about importance of high quality oil palm seeds Seed services in remote area
Controlling on seeds and seedlings distribution and growers (nurseries) Proper tools for quality control of oil palm seeds and seedlings purity Providing database of certified oil palm seed producers and certified nuseries in Indonesia that can be easily accessed
Law enforcement for the culprits of illegitimate seeds (includes non-official online stores and non-certified oil palm nurseries) UU Sistem Budidaya Tanaman No.12/1992 UU Perlindungan Varietas Tanaman No. 29/2000
PROWITRA by IOPRI
• Program Sawit untuk Rakyat. A project by IOPRI launched on 4th International Oil Palm Conference (IOPC) -- June 2010, Yogyakarta
• Aimed to assist smallholders in remote areas accessing information about high quality planting materials, best management practices, and sustainability of the industry
• Participatory rural appraisal approach guided by a researcher in charge (RIC) to identify specific problems in a specific region
• Activities include: (1) group discussion, (2) pilot project of BMPs in a selected village, (3) seeds mobile sales, (4) advisory for seeds franchising program.
Supporting documents for IOPRI oil palm seeds
8 provinces in Sumatra 4.396.748 seeds distributed 21.983 ha 3.404 farmers involved 1.292 seeds/farmer
PROWITRA 2011 - 2017
4.396.748 seeds
3.404 farmers
Systems Impact PROWITRA is in line with government program to empowering smallholders. PROWITRA is a media for sharing and connecting among IOPRI, smallholders, & local government. Site specific problems can be identified, and active participations of all stakeholders can be expected to solve the problems.
MySawit – Online seed sales
Dokter Sawit – Identification of pest and disease in oil palm
Mobile Applications
Closing remarks
• Planting materials is a key factor for improvement of oil palm smallholders productivity
• Education and dissemination about benefits for using of high quality oil palm seeds should be carried out in continual and systematic programs, in particular for independent smallholders
• Combating oil palm illegitimate seeds requires integrated approach involving seed producers, controlling body, and law enforcers
PROWITRA 2011-2017 Aceh
24
North Sumatera
8
West Sumatera
14
Riau
14
Jambi
15
Bengkulu
9 Lampung
2
South Sumatera & Bangka-Belitung
448,005
69,313
493,340
483,591
563,633
83,670
5,124
198,511 5
Number of visits
Distribution of high quality planting materials, equal to
90
2,364,753
3,410 Number of smallholders involved
11,823 Hectare of oil palm area covered
12.00
15.00
19.00
23.00
26.00 27.00
28.00 29.00
30.00 30.00 29.50
28.50
27.00 26.00
25.00 25.00
8.80
11.02
13.67
15.66
18.34
20.81 20.61 20.20
23.98 24.01 22.85
21.66
20.40
21.66 22.85
19.10
7.38 8.40
9.69 10.88
11.45 11.50 11.62 11.81 11.08
12.79 13.56
15.03 15.67
14.67
12.92 11.90
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Yie
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Yie
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Age
Selisih Produktivitas standar Produktivitas Benih Unggul Benih Palsu Rata-Rata
Source: Agustira, MA (2016) Dampak kerugian ekonomi penggunaan bahan tanaman palsu kelapa sawit pada perkebunan rakyat (Studi kasus Kabupaten Siak Provinsi Riau)
Being cheated
Cheaper prices
Complicated requirements
Don’t know how to buy
Don’t know where to buy
Don’t understand the benefit
Seed producers are far