educational theory part 1

8/14/2019 Educational Theory part 1

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Educational Theory

Wai Phyo Win


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Educational TheoryEducational Theory

Behaviourist Learning Theory

Cognitivist Learning Theory

Humanist Learning Theory- adult learner


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Do we need theory?

if if practice or experiencepractice or experience is theis the how how ,,theorytheory is theis the why why

it is better to understand both theit is better to understand both the how how andand why why

Teaching is aTeaching is a scientific applicationscientific application of of tested theorytested theory


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Theories have attempted to provideTheories have attempted to provideexplanations about learning that apply toexplanations about learning that apply to

people in generalpeople in general

but in realitybut in reality

there isthere is

nono people in generalpeople in general

Each and every individual is uniqueEach and every individual is unique


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Why cant we use everyday language?to maintain acceptable standards of precision.

JargonJargon

e.g. energy in physics market in economy

duty in jurisprudence reinforcement in behaviourism


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Behaviourist Learning TheoryBehaviourist Learning Theory

behavourist studied animals by teachingbehavourist studied animals by teachingthem simple tasksthem simple tasks

animals were taught by rewarding themanimals were taught by rewarding themwith food when they did wellwith food when they did well

some of the findings can apply to humansome of the findings can apply to humanlearninglearning


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BehaviourismBehaviourism

behaviourism involves a mechanistic,behaviourism involves a mechanistic,materialist view of psychology as the study of materialist view of psychology as the study of observable, objectively measurable behaviour observable, objectively measurable behaviour

emphasizes the importance of associationsemphasizes the importance of associationsbetween stimulus and response connectionbetween stimulus and response connection

given stimulus produce a certain reaction in thegiven stimulus produce a certain reaction in thelearner learner


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BehaviourismBehaviourism

main principles underlying behaviouristmain principles underlying behaviouristapproachapproach association of learningassociation of learning

learning is regarded as change in observablelearning is regarded as change in observable

behaviour resulting from repeatedbehaviour resulting from repeatedreinforcement or associationreinforcement or association stimulus and response (S-R)stimulus and response (S-R)

behaviourists do not look for the underlyingbehaviourists do not look for the underlyingcause of behaviour cause of behaviour


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behaviourist theory views the learners mindbehaviourist theory views the learners mindas aas a black boxblack box

stimulus from the environment is presentedstimulus from the environment is presentedand the learner reacts to the stimulus withand the learner reacts to the stimulus withsome type of responsesome type of response

desirable behaviour is reinforced anddesirable behaviour is reinforced andundesired behaviour is discouragedundesired behaviour is discouraged

The Concepts of Behaviourism


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Ivan Petrovich PavlovIvan Petrovich Pavlov

experimental work on reflexes:presenting dog with food producedreflex of salivation

a response to a previously neutralstimulus which has become

conditioned through repeatedpairing with a stimulus learned


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Classical ConditioningClassical Conditioning

CR: SalivationCS: Tuning fork(Alone)

After Conditioning

UR: SalivationUS: Food +US: Tuning fork

DuringConditioning

UR: SalivationUS: FoodBeforeConditioning


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John Broadus WatsonJohn Broadus Watson

- believed psychologists should study- believed psychologists should study

observable behavior instead of speculatingobservable behavior instead of speculating

about a persons inner thoughts and feelingsabout a persons inner thoughts and feelings


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Watsons ExperimentWatsons Experiment

CR: Fear responseCS: White rat(alone)

After Conditioning

UR: Fear responseUS: Loud noise,plus

US: White rat

DuringConditioning

UR: Fear responsei.e. crying and

withdrawal

US: Loud noisefrom hammer striking metalbar

BeforeConditioning


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Principles of Classical ConditioningPrinciples of Classical Conditioning

AcquisitionAcquisitionprocess by which a previously neutralstimulus acquires the ability to elicit a

conditioned response

Stimulus GeneralizationStimulus Generalization

stimuli similar to conditioned stimuli elicitsimilar conditioned responses


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Principles of Classical ConditioningPrinciples of Classical Conditioning

Stimulus DiscriminationStimulus Discriminationcan discriminate various stimuluscan discriminate various stimulus

ExtinctionExtinctionthe conditioned stimulus no longer elicitsthe conditioned stimulus no longer elicitsthe conditioned responsethe conditioned response

Spontaneous recoverySpontaneous recovery

reappearance of the reaction after a timereappearance of the reaction after a timeintervalintervalreaction will be weaker reaction will be weaker


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Edward Lee Thorndike

Thorndike formulated theThorndike formulated the law of effectlaw of effect ,,which states that behaviors that are followedwhich states that behaviors that are followed

by pleasant consequences will be more likelyby pleasant consequences will be more likelyto be repeated in the future. He alsoto be repeated in the future. He also

formulateformulate law of exerciselaw of exercise ..

educational theory part 1

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