EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGYMaria Krisia Fae R. de Asis, RN, RTThe meaning of Educational Technology

What is Technology?TECHNOLOGYComes from the Greek word techne which means craft or art.

A planned,systematic method of working to achieve planned outcomes.

Refers to any valid and reliable process of procedure that is derived from basic research using scientific method.

Refers to all the way of people use their inventions and discoveries to satisfy their needs and desires.

What is Educational Technology?

What is Educational Technology? is the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving performance by creating, using and managing appropriate technological processes and resources. (Wikipedia)What is Educational Technology? is a complex integrated process involving people, procedures, ideas, devices and organization for analyzing problems and devising, implementing, evaluating, and managing solutions to those problems involved in all aspects of human learning (Association for Educational Communications and Technology, 1977)

What is Educational Technology? Consists of the designs and environments that engage learners and reliable technique or method for engaging learning such as cognitive learning strategies and critical thinking skills (Jonassen, 1999)What is Educational Technology? is a field of study concerned with the practice of using educational methods and resources for the ultimate goal of facilitating the learning process (Lucido and Borabo, 1997)

What is Educational Technology? is a field of study concerned with the practice of using educational methods and resources for the ultimate goal of facilitating the learning process (Lucido and Borabo, 1997)

What is Educational Technology?Educational technology is the use of technology to improve education. It is a systematic, iterative process for designing instruction or training used to improve performance. OTHER TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGYTechnology in Education

Instructional Technology

Technology Integration

Educational Media

Are they synonymous with educational technology?1.Technology in Education is the application of technology to any of these processes involved in operating the institutions which house the educational enterprise.

2.Instructional Technology- refers to those aspects of educational technology that are concerned with instruction.

3. Technology Integration -using learning technologies to introduce , reinforce , supplement and extend skills.4. Educational Media channels or avenues or instruments of communication.

RelationshipsEducational TechnologyInstructional TechnologyTechnologyintegrationThe Role of Educational Technology

The Role of Educational TechnologyArouse and sustain the interest and attention of thee pupils/students to learn.

Concretize abstract concepts/ideas to promote meaningful learning.19Makes learning more permanent because of the rich experiences that they provide. Provide self-activities for independent learning. The Role of Educational Technology

20The Role of Educational TechnologyIncrease vocabulary by eliminating verbalism.Develop continuity of thought.

21The Role of Educational TechnologyIncrease the quality while decreasing the time spent.Check pupil preparednessMake learning more interactive, hence learning is improved.

22The History of Educational Technology

Technology is commonly thought of in terms of gadgets, instruments, machines and devices most (educators) will defer to technology as computers. (Muffoletto, 1994)24

The history of Educational technology can be traced back to the time when tribal priests systemized bodies of knowledge, and early cultures invented pictographs or sign writing to record and transmit information.(Paul Saettler, 1990)25

In ancient Greece, the Elder Sophist used the term techne to refer the process of applying knowledge systematically to the practical art of instruction. They formulated cognitive rules, systematically analyzed subject matter designed instructional technologies and devised effective instructional materials.

During the Middle Age Advent of Scholastic Philosophy, Pierre Abelard introduced a technology of instruction which was really a new method of structuring and presenting materials that helped set the style of scholastic education.

Comenius, Pestalozzi, Froebel, Herbart and Montessori contributed their own concept on educational technology improving educative process.

John Amos Comenius was recognized as the pioneer of modern instructional technology by reason of his book Orbis Pictus (The World in Picture) which was illustrated textbooks for children studying Latin & Sciences.Edward Thorndike and John Dewey formulated scientific theory of learning and the scientific method, respectively. Thorndike gave emphasis to the use of empirical investigation as a basis for an organized process of learning. On his part, Dewey introduced a method of instruction in terms scientific method in broad terms

The 19th century paved in the advent of effective technological development including the production of textbooks, use of blackboards and improvements in writing implements like pen and ink. Photography was invented, giving a way to a movement called Visual Instruction.By 1920, visual media became widely accepted. Then came the publication of audio-visual media texts. In 1926, educational films were used as instructional media.In 1927, Pressey wrote on programmed learning through a machine which tested and confirmed a learning task.

In 1932, the first instructional television program was aired at the State University of Iowa. About the same time, the 16 mm sound motion picture was developed and this served as the educational workhorse during the audio-visual movement of the time.

During World War II, the U.S. government encouraged the implementation of technology of instruction for military training programs. This gave impetus to a system approach to instruction to include: micro-teaching, individualized instruction, Language laboratories, behavioral laboratories, behavioral objectives, computer assisted instruction and among others26>Techne - translated ascraftsmanship,craft, orart. It is the rational method involved in producing an object or accomplishing a goal or objective.>abelard conceptualism. scholastic manner of philosophizing, with the object of giving a formally rational expression to received ecclesiastical doctrine>Comenius' major contribution to instructional technology was his instructional method - used in science to analyze and improve the instructional process. He is considered the first true forrunner of instructional technology. Pestalozzi by Jean Jacques Rousseau and developed a system of instruction that focused on allowing the student to learn through multiple senses. He believed that by teaching through the objects around the learner, the learner would be able to comprehend the concepts easier than just being told the information. Froebel Should give importance to Religious instruction, Nature study, Arithmetic, Language, arts, Handicrafts. Self activity. Herbart by emphasizing a psychological and scientific, if not experimental, approach to instruction and learning. Montessori designed a structural environment in which children could choose freely from a number of developmentally appropriate activities. Thorndike reward and punishment. Dewey only scientific method could reliably increase human good.>Sidney Pressey originated programmed learning,B. F. Skinner(1958) popularized it. Learners are exposed to small amounts of information and proceed from one frame or one item of information, to the next in an orderly fashion (this is what is meant by linear)Learners respond overtly so that their correct responses can be rewarded and their incorrect responses can be correctedLearners are informed immediately about whether or not their response is correct (feedback)Learners proceed at their own pace (self-pacing)

History of Computers3000 BC1600s1800s1940s1950s1960s1970s1980s1990sAbacusPunched Card DevicesMainframesMicrocomputersInternetCalculatorsFirst Electronic ComputersMinicomputersMicrocomputer Systems27RemoveResearch...

Ancient Computing History The AbacusMechanical aid used for counting and making quick calculations.

Still in use aroundthe world.28

Early Computing History Invented the first mechanical calculator.

The Pascaline used cogs and gears to solve math equations.

PascalineBlaise Pascal

29

Mechanical CalculatorsJacquards LoomJoseph Jacquard

First programmable machine.Used punched cards (binary instructions) to automate weaving loom.Punched cards were a staple of early and modern computer programming.

30

Electronic Computer SystemsUsed vacuum tubes in electronic circuits.Used punch cards to input and externally store data.Up to 4K of memory.Programming in machine language and assembly language.Required a compiler. First Generation:1943-195631

First Generation: 1943-1956Worlds first electronic digital computer.Used to produce WWII ballistic firing tables for the U.S. Defense Department.Electronic Numerical Integratorand Calculator (ENIAC)

32

1956 IBM 350 RAMACSecond Generation: 1957-1964Used transistors, developed by Bell Labs.Up to 32K of memory.Programming in computer languages, such as FORTRAN and COBOL.33

Third Generation: 1965-1971Used integrated circuits.Up to 3 million bytes of memory.Lower cost, smaller size, and increasing processor speed.

34

Personal computers or PCs.Usually cost about $2,000 or less.Process over 1 billion operations per second.Stand-alone or connected to other computers as a network system.Fourth Generation: 1972-NowMicrocomputers

TEA35

Tim Berners-Lee

Developed HTML and the World Wide Web (WWW) was born.

1990s Connecting the World 36

Marc Andreessen

An original developer of Mosaic, the first browser software able to read HTML. Co-founder of Netscape Communications.

37

Technologies of the FutureAdvanced robotics commonplaceSmart housesWearable computersHolodeck virtual realityTruly individualized educationThe 21st CenturyOnly recently focused on computers.Internet current primary trend.

Communication with colleagues.Lesson plan preparation.Student resources.Access research and best practices for teaching.

38