EDUCATIONAL PREPARATIONS

MEANING:-

Educational preparation for nurse’s means preparing the nurses at university level and school of nursing, at hospital level and at community level.

WHY EDUCATIONAL PREPARATION NECESSARY FOR NURSES:-

Nursing is interpreted in different ways by different people. It is still thought by many people that nursing is only taking care of sick person. It is only helping the doctor in treatment of the patients. No medical service is complete without nursing or without trained nurses. Nursing comprises of several responsibilities like dealing with patients of medical illness, clients having surgeries, psychiatric or paediatric patients.

Nursing also involves other duties like maintaining patients, dispensing medication, setting up the equipments of an operation theatre and many other routine jobs.

GROWTH OF HEALTH INDUSTRY:-

The demands for nurses are also increasing making a ‘career in nursing’.Schools, colleges, hospitals, community health centres need trained and qualified nurses.

STATISTICS OF NURSES (SOURCE INDIAN NURSING COUNCIL 1986):-

Last 40 years have produced 4271 B.Sc. nursing and Msc nursing Degree nurses. Around 200,000 General Nurses are produced. For large infrastructure of health centres, for 600 million population of rural India around 100,000 of ANM/FHW are produced till date.

Studies reveal nurses dissatisfaction with staffing because they are overloaded with work. This is because of the lack of nursing personnel so; there is need for educational preparation of nurses.

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CRITERIA FOR ADMISSION IN NURSING:-

Candidates, who wish to apply for nursing courses, should pass physics and chemistry and biology as main subjects.

MAJOR COURSES IN NURSING:-

The major courses their duration and their eligibility requirements are:

Name of Course Duration Eligibility

ANM/Health Worker 18 Months 10th Standard

G.N.M. 3 ½ Years 10+2 with Biology, Physics and Chemistry

B.Sc Nursing 4 ½ Years 10+2 with Biology, Physics and Chemistry

Post basic B.Sc Nursing 2 years 1 yrs experience with diploma in nursing

M.Sc Nursing 2 Years B.Sc Nursing with 1 Year experience

M.Phil in Nursing 2 Years part time , 1 ½ year Regular

M.Sc Nursing

PhD in Nursing 3 years

2 years

After MSc Nursing

After M.Phil Nursing

AUXILLARY NURSE MIDWIFERY PROGRAMME:-

It is a nursing programme with the duration of 18 months. It was first started at S. Mary’s Hospital Taran Taran in Punjab in 1951. Initially, very few training centres undertook to give this course, but the financial aid given by the Govt. of India under the scheme for preparing personnel for Primary Health Centres gave a great impetus to the training programme.

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GENERAL NURSING MIDWIFERY PROGRAMME:-

The Indian nursing council at its meeting in 1950 came out with some important decisions relation to the future pattern of Nursing Training in India. One the important decisions was that there should be only two standards of training of nursing and midwifery. So, the General Nursing and Midwifery course was started.

BASIC BSC NURSING:-

It is the nursing programme at university level. It was first started in 1948 in Raj Kumari Amrit Kaur College of Nursing, New Delhi. Similar Course in B.Sc Nursing was started by other universities also.

After the completion of these major courses, there are other certificate courses and master degrees in Nursing and doctorate in Nursing.

POST BASIC POST CERTIFICATE BSC NURSING:-

The need for higher training for certificate nurses was stressed by Mudaliar Committee, and the two years’ Post Basic certificate B.Sc. Degree programme after G.N.M. was started in 1962.

POST GRADUATION EDUCATION:-

Two years formal course in Master of Nursing programme was started in 1959 in Raj Kumar Amrit Kaur College of Nursing and one can choose specialty according to his/her choice.

M.PHIL NURSING PROGRAMME:-

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M.Phil Nursing programme is first started in Raj Kumari Amrit Kaur, College of Nursing on Oct. 15, 1986. This is the programme for one and half year for regular candidates and two years for part time candidates.

Ph.D. PROGRAMME:-

PhD programme was started in few colleges like College of Nursing P.G.I., College of Nursing CMC Vellore, R.A.K. College of Nursing, Delhi. It is a 3 years programme after Msc Nursing and 2 years programme after M.Phil in Nursing.

CONTINUING EDUCATION

INTRODUCTION:-

Continuing nursing education is a modern imperative, future-oriented, geared to face new situations and making of new responses appropriate for these situations. It includes a wide spectrum of educational activities such as formal post-basic courses. Professional nurses should continue their education with the goal of being able to providing the most up-to –date effective nursing care. Continuing nursing education programmes should be developed by nurses and conducted within nursing or in general education system in cooperation with the nurses.

DEFINITIONS:-

“Continuing education is all the learning activities that occur after an individual has completed his basic education”. -‘Cooper’.

According to American Nurses Association; - “Those planned educational activities intended to be build upon the educational and experiential bases of the professional nurses for the enhancement of practice, education, administration, research on theory development to the end of improving the health of the public”.

“That education which builds on previous education”. -‘Shannon’.

PURPOSES:-

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1. Ensure professional development (clinical specialization or for promotional purposes).

2. Increased ability in order to solve the problem in clinical/ teaching/ administrative areas.

3. Introduce new technology and methods to improve the quality care (e.g. In clinical areas, teaching).

4. Improve the standard of care in both community health or hospital care.5. Improve the ability to communicate or participate in research work.6. Satisfy the felt needs of the working nurses and sharpens the interpersonal

relationship.7. Improve the nursing practice anywhere and at all leve8. Provide administrative and supervisory care to the community and use of

statistics.9. Adapt their work performance to the resources available (additional new

equipments or lack of equipment).10. Use resources more economically, thus helping to patient to reduce the

costs of health.11. Accept new responsibilities on promotion or pasting to a new clinical area.

NEED OF CONTIUEING EDUCATION:-

1. To ensure safe and effective nursing care, nurses need to keep abreast with interest, knowledge and technical and advances.

2. To meet the needs of population and should cater to the needs of services.3. Development of nurses will occur by updating their knowledge and prepare

them for specialization.4. For career advancement.5. Professional role are altered as society changes and as new knowledge and

technologies emerges.6. To acquire specialized skills of personnel and meet technologic adjuncts.7. Nurses with research aptitudes and preparation are needed.8. Nursing functions require a high degree of skill, knowledge, competence and

educational preparation.9. The demand for specialized nursing services is increasing more rapidly. 10. Needs for additional preparation for the position are themselves for other

position.

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FEATURES:-

1. Unified approach.2. Relationships with other systems.3. Comprehensiveness.4. Accessibility for women health workers.5. Integration with the management process.6. Analysis of needs as a basis for learning continuity.7. Internally coordinated.8. Relevance in planning.9. Credibility and economic.10. Appropriateness in implementation.

PRINCIPLES:-

1) Provision for school and nursing faculty involvement in planning and teaching the continuing nursing education courses tends to maintain high educational standards for the programme.

2) An adequate staff is essential to planning, implementing and evaluating a programme which is based on learning needs and which has an impact on the quality of nursing care provided.

3) Responsibilities of the director of continuing nursing education are:- Determination of learning needs of the nurses population. Development and implementation of a programme to meet these needs. Evaluation of results.4) Staff services are required with sufficient talents and numbers to implement the

planned programme:- Advisory Secretarial Administrative Supportive5) An advisory committee has to be appointed, which includes:- Faculty members from a variety of areas of nursing practice. Directors of hospital nursing services. Extended care facilities. Hospital association. Medical and allied health professionals.

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Regional medical programme. Other agencies involved in the delivery of health care in the community.6) The community may serve as a liaison between the school of nursing and the

health community and fulfill a communication and public relations functions for the university.

FUNCTIONS:-

1. To meet the health needs and public expectations.2. To develop the practicing abilities of the nurses.3. Recruitment function.4. Recognize gaps in their knowledge.5. To test ability to do final academic study.6. To improve the communication between the participants, faculty, community

and health sectors.7. To test the participants ability to do formal academic study.8. To shape or support university educational policies and practices. 9. To ensure the quality of education.10.To grant budget for extension studies.11.To maintain academic standards.12.To meet educational requirements

METHOD OF TEACHING:-

1. Lecture: A talk presented by a specialist on the topic.2. Demonstration: To show or illustrate the use of equipment and how to do

procedure or perform skills e.g.; Infusion pump.3. Workshop: A meeting at which people exchange knowledge in an attempt to

work out an approach to a problem of common interest.4. Ward conference: A meeting held on the nursing unit for the interchange of

view of related to planning patient care.5. Seminar: A course of study at which people give and discuss information.6. Debate: A meeting at which two terms support opposing view point of an issue.7. Institute: A meeting for the instructions by the experts who may use various

methods of presenting their materials.8. Movie: a visual aid used to support the objectives of others methods of

instructions.

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9. Professional instructions: A technique by which people can teach themselves.

10. Correspondence course: A services of lessons studied by students whose contact with their teacher is through the mail.

11. Formal courses in a hospital: A planned course for which you have resources’ available within the organization. E.g.: ECG machine.

12. Clinical research study: A project to test the effect of particular nursing approach to a nursing problem e.g. through nursing research society of India.

PLANNING:-

A successful continuing nursing education programme is the result of careful and detailed planning. Planning is essential to:

Meet the nursing needs. Use available resources. Meet the need at all levels i.e., local, state, regional, national and international. Avoid duplication and fragmentation of efforts. Help keep at a minimum gap in meeting the continuing education needs of

nurses. The selection of teaching faculty may depend upon the availability of the person

rather than his expertise or teaching ability. The content of the programme is designed around faculty knowledge and learning needs of the participants.

Planning is an ongoing process, the rapid technologic advances and proliferation of knowledge demands continuous planning to meet ever changing learning needs.

PLANNING PROCESS:-

1. Establishing goals with the purpose or philosophy of the organization. Purpose gives direction in planning. It identifies the reasons for existence. Purpose are based on the learning needs and societal needs; so it has to be reviewed from time to time and restated as appropriate.

2. Establishing Goals and Objectives:-Planning moves towards goals which are significant and realistic, which can be attained? Goals serve to stimulate and direct action and should be reachable. An objective is specific; it is a desirable end or accomplishment to be sought.

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Objective: To assist the nurse in identifying and meeting learning needs. To promote the development of leadership potential of the nurses. To identify nursing problems and in seeking solutions to them. To disseminate new information from varied channels. To assist the nursing educators in increasing teaching effectiveness. To facilitate a return to practice.

3. Determining needs and priorities:-Assessment of needs will be done by survey, through mailed questionnaires, interview formal and informal discussions with participants and checklist. After assessing the needs prioritization of needs has to be done.

4. Assess the available resources :-Careful assessment of ways and means to meet the established programme goals. Faculty, finances and facilities may be seen as the major resources required for a continuing nursing education programme. Planning involves deciding upon the resources necessary to the activity and then determining the availability.

5. Plan the budget appropriate for the programme:-Separate budget is required for each specific activity and each individual offering is expected to be self-supporting.

6. Writing the proposal:-The proposal should be written with carefulness clear, concise familiar terms which include enough detail so that reviewers have a thorough understanding of what the project intends to accomplish.

ORGANISATION:-

Organizational chart showing centralized responsibility for the continuing nursing education programme.

Board of regents

President

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Dean of General Education Dean of School of Nursing

Director of Nursing. Faculty.

CAREER OPPORTUNITIES

Never before has nursing been so exciting; today the new graduate has a variety of job opportunities available.

HOSPITALS:-

Employment of LPN/ LVN in hospital settings is a high level.Because of health care economics, hospitals are responsible for providing quality care as economically as possible.Under the supervision of RN the LPN/ LVN legally able to provide most bedside care to patients in hospital setting.Since the LPN/ LVN salary is less than that of RN, it makes economic sense to employ a number of LPN/ LVN.It also makes sense because the LPN/ LVN prepared to give excellent bedside care.The LPN/ LVN has gained access to areas of hospital had been staffed previously by RN only.These areas include coronary care, intensive care, emergency department, surgery scrub, outpatient surgery and pediatrics.In hospital settings LPN/ LVN has responsibility for supervising nursing assistants.The overall management of unit is responsibility of registered nurse.Salaries in hospital setting typically include shift differential and extra pay for holidays and perhaps weekends.Benefits include- 12 hours shifts and special schedule plans such as 3 day weekend work schedule.You may have opportunity to function on hospital committee.

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There may be some unique positions such as working in infection control or employee health, but the LPN/ LVN would not have potential to advance to charge positions in hospital setting.

LONG TERM CARE FACILITIES:-

The LPN/ LVN are the backbone of long term care facilities.Advancement includes charge nurse and supervisory capacity with RN supervision.You might also be used in staff development, recruitment and all types of committee work.Your management and leadership skills have ample opportunity for development in the long term care settings.Salaries are typically higher in long term care facilities than in hospitals, but this is not necessarily the case in all situations.Typically shift differential pay and scheduling alternatives are possible.Benefit packages might also be good in the long term care settings.Hospitals no longer are available to patients past the most acute period , alternatives include rehabilitation hospitals if patient qualifications are met, home health or a long term care facility.Residents may be of any age, although the majority continues to be in older age group.Units vary in level of care they provide, some provide care that in years past would have been found only in the hospital setting.Some have special units earmarked for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or Alzheimer’s patients.Some have rehabilitation units for stroke and orthopedic patients.Physical, speech, occupational and other therapies are available.Many patients receive therapy and are able to return home.

HOME HEALTH:-

LPN/ LVN is capable of providing much of the care required, but RN supervision must be available.The advantages of home health care are a more relaxed atmosphere, decreased patient load and primarily daytime schedule.

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Home health is the wave of future, health care in the home setting is much less costly for insurance companies.The nurse may be paid on a per case basis and travel expenses are reimbursed.The salary can be good for individual ho put in lot of hours.Continuity of care and a degree of independence are advantages of this type of position. There is also scheduling flexibility, which is hard to find in other positions.

PHYSICIAN’S OFFICE OR CLINICS:-

Many physicians choose to employ an LPN/ LVN for their office.They prefer to have someone with that educational background available to assist them.Some of skills required may not be included in LPN/ LVN educational program.These include laboratory testing, electrocardiograms and other testing.These skills may be taught by physician or LPN/ LVN may take specific classes for them.In a small office, computer skills and perhaps insurance coding and billing skills are necessary.The LPN/ LVN can become the vital right arm of physician in office settings.Supervision of other personnel may be required.Salary in offices tends to be lower than that in hospitals and long term care facilities.The benefits package may not be as complete as in the other settings.However, the schedule of primarily days with minimal weekends is a definite advantage.There is an opportunity to focus on prevention in these settings and opportunities for patient teaching are also available.Less manual dexterity is required, which might be advantageous for some individuals.

INSURANCE COMPANIES:-

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Many insurance companies employ LPN/ LVN in their preadmission and claims departments.These positions are office positions with few manual dexterity requirements.Companies usually require experience in medical- surgical nursing before employment.Salary tends to be lower than in hospitals and long term care facilities.However, the schedule is usually days with no holidays or weekend work required.

TEMPORARY AGENCIES:-

There are opportunities available to work for staffing agencies. These agencies provide nurses to meet the staffing needs in variety of health care facilities.The salary is usually very good, but the benefits package may be limited.You must be a highly flexible person to be able to adjust to various work settings.You might be used primarily in one faculty that has frequent staffing needs. However, you will still be on different units within the facility.Advantages include- right to refuse and wealth of variety available.You have flexibility in your personal schedule.Disadvantage – uncertainty of work available, may be due to facilities may have decreased census and therefore decreased staffing needs.Another one is you is not constant part of a particular work group and you always are outsider.

TRAVEL OPPORTUNITIES:-

After you have some experience, you might be interested in exploring opportunities to travel and work for specified periods in areas in need of nurses through a type of temporary agency with an expanded area of service.These agencies match employer’s needs with nurse’s experience and interest in living in that area for a period of time.Lodging is provided in addition to salary.

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This affords nurses who have the flexibility to travel the chance to visit an area of work for a period of time.

PHARMACEUTICAL SALES:-

Some might be interested in the field of pharmaceutical sales, after you have some experience, this might be a field of interest.These companies usually require experience in specific areas and an expertise in science and pharmacology.Salary is usually based on sales; there is no direct patient care.Contacts are made with physicians, pharmacists and nurses in various clinical settings to present the advantages of products and to teach about side effects and precautions.

OTHER MEDICAL SALES:-Opportunities are also available for nurses with companies selling medical supplies.Responsibilities and compensation are similar to those in pharmaceutical sales.Nurses may do in service programs at facilities to demonstrate product use.Products vary widely from such items as incontinence products to surgical equipments.

OUT PATIENT HOTELS:-

In some areas opportunities might be available on hotel settings owned by a hospital.The patient-guests stay in the hotel while they undergo testing before surgery.The nurse is available for patient teaching and to assist the guests in any preparation required for the tests.The nurse is also available in case of an emergency.Salary and benefits are the same as those of hospitals.

OPPORTUNITIES IN MILITARY:-

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Opportunities are available for the LPN/ LVN in military service. Use of the LPN/ LVN is increasing in military just as in civilian life.Active duty and the reserve are the options.If you are interested your local recruiter can provide all of the necessary information.Benefits in military are generous and major one include in area of educational opportunities.Assistance may be given to help you repay loans and you may be eligible for assistance with tuition for additional education.

ADULT DAY CARE:-

Some communities may provide adult day care facilities that require nursing supervision.These facilities are designed for individuals who require medical supervision while their family members work or take a break from the responsibility of care.The pace is relaxed and the schedule is excellent.The opportunity such a facility affords to the adults requiring the service and their family members can provide a rewarding experience for the nurse.

SCHOOL NURSE:-

Opportunities may be available in some communities to work as a school nurse.Health screening, emergency care and health teaching are the major responsibilities.The nurse may function in one school or travel to different schools.Working only during the school year might be an advantage for the nurse who would like to be off summers and can afford to do this.

PUBLIC HEALTH:-

There may be opportunities in your community for LPN/ LVN with the public health department.Responsibilities may include working in clinics and home visits.The nurse may also participate in health inspections.Teaching is a major area of responsibilities.The focus is on prevention, day schedule are usually available.

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Salaries tent to be lower than that in hospitals and long term care facilities.

OUT PATIENT SURGERY:-

A large number of outpatient facilities are available especially for outpatient surgery.The LPN/ LVN may be employed to prepare patients for surgery, as a scrub nurse or work in the recovery room under the supervision of an RN.This is typically a Monday-through-Friday position.The facility may be freestanding or a part of a hospital complex.

PRIVATE DUTY NURSING:-

The private duty nurse gives total care to one patient.The sitting for the private duty nurse may change from patient to patient, but basically the job description is the same.The type of nursing is totally independent nursing care service.Private duty nursing may take place in hospital, home or other facility and while traveling abroad or in United States.The nurse is paid directly by the patient or responsible person.When setting for private duty nursing is in health care facility, the nurse is expected to follow the policies and procedures of that facility.When doing private duty nursing, you are legally responsible for your own actions.If you experience any doubt about an order or procedure, obtain clarification from physician before carrying out the order or procedure.In home, set up a type of record in which you can list necessary items, such as medications given, vital signs and the conditions of patient.Major problems of private duty nursing are the irregular assignments and the economic aspects.In this nursing there is no certainty of work or payment.However, because today there are so many unfilled demands for private duty nurses, the availability of cases presents fewer problems for the LPN.An advantage is that you may work as many days as you like or you may accept a case for as long a period of time as you desire.You have more freedom and free restrictions in your workday.

GOVERNMENT NURSING (CIVIL SERVICE):-16

The LPN/ LVN may work in a veteran’s administration hospital or other government hospitals.Advantages are good salary, fringe benefits and good insurance and retirement plans.The disadvantage is that the ratio of nurses to patients is sometimes low.

INDUSTRIAL NURSING:-

The focus in industrial nursing is on promoting wellness and preventing accidents.Safety is emphasized and usually the nurse is first aid oriented.The industrial nurse may do physical assessment, health surveys, insurance forms preparation and health education as well as nursing intervention for patients injured in industrial accidents.The LPN/ LVN ill work under the supervision of RN or a physician.Depending on size of industrial site, this type of nursing may offer shifts and benefits different from those of other career opportunities.In this field of nursing you must have patience, understanding, observational skills and current first aid techniques and principles.You must possess organizational skills and neatness in keeping records.You must be able to adjust to all types of situations and people.

REHABLITATION NURSING:-

This field requires responsibility for guiding the patients toward health and independence.Advantages are steady employment, a less formal environment and an opportunity to provide good care.

PSYCHIATRIC NURSING:-

Psychiatric nursing requires a mature person ( not in years) to handle the responsibilities of job.This type of nursing may be done in open unit in a general hospital, outpatient clinic, mental health agency, psychiatric hospital or institution.Advantages are a good salary and advancement in leadership areas.

HOSPICE NURSING:-

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Hospice nursing offers care to terminally ill patients in either an institution or a home setting, usually under the auspices of home health nursing.The qualifications for a hospice nurse are to have clear understanding of his/ her own feelings concerning death and to understand the philosophy of hospice nursing.The nurse closely supports the patient and family without interfering with family interpersonal relationships.Advantage of hospice nursing are steady employment, less formal environment and opportunities to provide good bedside care that is concerned with pain relief and comfort measures.Disadvantages are always caring for dying patients and the possibility of having to travel to more than one home each shift.

THE OTHER OPPORTUNITIES FOR NURSE CAN BE SET AS:-

Hospital Nursing Services In School of Nursing In college of Nursing In Community Health Nursing Nursing service in Industry. Nursing service as private duty nurse. Nursing service in the Red Cross society. Nursing service for military personnel. Nursing service abroad. Opportunities for male nurses.

HOSPITAL NURSING SERVICES:-

- Staff Nurse (3 yrs G.N.M/ Psychiatric Nursing Diploma/Certificate, recognized by INC.

- Senior Staff Nurse: - (G.N.M. or BSc Nursing and have experience as staff Nurse of not less than 5 years.

- Nursing Superintendent Grade II (Experience as a senior staff Nurse).- Nursing Superintendent Grade-I (should have experience as Nursing

Superintendent Grade-II)NURSING SERVICES IN THE SCHOOL OF NURSING:-

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- Nursing Tutor (BSc Nursing or Msc Nursing) or a diploma in Nursing education and administration.

- Clinical Instructor (BSc Nursing or MSc Nursing with or without experience).- Principal, School of Nursing (MSc Nursing or BSc Nursing and should have

teaching experience in school of nursing not less than 5 years.)- Public Health Nurse or Community Health Nurse (Diploma in Public Health

Administration)NURSING SERVICES IN THE COLLEGE OF NURSING :-

- Principal, College of Nursing (MSc nursing or equivalent degree or PhD in Nursing or other doctorate degree and teaching experience in college not less than 5 years)

- Lecturer (MSc Nursing)- Senior Lecturer: - Experience as Junior Lecturer.- Assistant Professor: - (Msc Nursing or PhD in Nursing with any speciality) and

have teaching experience in the college of Nursing not less than 5 years).- Clinical Instructor (B.Sc Nursing or Msc Nursing with or without experience)- Professor (Msc Nursing or Ph. D in Nursing with any speciality and should have

teaching experience in the college of nursing not less than 5 years.)IN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING:-

- Community Health Nurse/ Community Nursing Officer (B.Sc Nursing or G.N.M)- Health Supervisor- Nurse Midwife (G.N.M or B.Sc Nursing)

NURSING SERVICE IN INDUSTRY:-Industrial Nurse (G.N.M & B.Sc Nursing Experienced)

OPPORTUNITIES FOR MALE NURSES:-

They are valuable in activities of professional organizations where travel is often necessary.

ROLE AND SCOPE OR NURSING EDUCATION

NURSING EDUCATION:-

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Nursing education is the professional education for the preparation of nurses to enable them to render professional nursing care to people of all ages, in all phases of health and illness.

SCOPE OF NURSING EDUCATION:-

Increase in health consciousness in India, the quality of health services has also improved. So, skilled and specialized nurses can get excellent employment opportunities in government or private hospitals.

Nurses can also get employment in clinics, nursing homes, orphanages, old age homes, industries, military services, schools and other places.

Nurses can get specialized duties like taking care of patients in paediatric, orthopedics, psychiatry, obstetric and other sections.

Nursing education provides the scope in teaching, supervising and higher level of administration.

Nursing education has great scope for male nurses. They are valuable in activities of professional organizations where travel is necessary.

Nursing has great scope in abroad. They can find jobs in specialized field like surgical, medical, ICU, CCU and Emergency Room (ER)

Nurses get high pay packet in abroad. Nurses get many opportunities for studying and settling there in abroad.

ROLE OF NURSING EDUCATION:-

Nursing education is the professional education for the preparation of nurses to enable them to render professional nursing care to people of all ages, in all phases of health and illness, in a variety of settings.

Nursing education impart scientific and up to date knowledge in the area of medical, social, behavioral and biological sciences.

Nursing education helps the nurses to inculcate the appropriate nursing skills and the right attitude to the students. Theoretical and practical knowledge is essential for rendering intelligent and efficient nursing care.

Nursing education prepare nurses as a good leaders to provide qualitative care. Nursing education helps to implement health care programmes and health care

services in community. Nursing education helps to improve the professional development of each nurse

and their profession.

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Nursing education helps the nurse to develop as a person of self-awareness, self direction, and self motivation through curricular and extra-curricular activities.

Nursing education prepares nurses in participating scientific nursing research investigations, its results will be added up to the body of nursing knowledge.

Nursing education inculcate democratic values, eg. Respect to individuality, equality, toleration, co-operative living and faith in change.

Nursing education enable the nurses to co-operate with team members who are engaged in health and welfare work.

Nursing education enable the nurse to understand the functioning of body and mind in health and disease.

Nursing education prepare the individual to earn his/her livelihood and make himself/herself self-sufficient and efficient economically and socially.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:-

1. Basavanthappa BT, Nursing Administration, 1st edition, published by Jaypee Brothers. PP- 516-517, 521-522, 543-56.

2. Neeraja K.P., Text book of Nursing education, 1st edition, published by Jaypee Brothers.PP-9-12, 159,388.

3. Kamal S Joglekar, Hospital ward management, professional adjustment and trends in nursing, edition 1997 published by VORA Publication PP 107-109.

4. Trained nurses association of India, Nursing in India, published by Aravali Printers and publisher pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, PP 145.

5. Zwemer. J.Ann, Professional adjustment and Ethics for nurses in India 6th edition 1995 published by B.I. Publication PP-175.

6. www.google.com

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