educational accountability in an era of global decentralization william g. huitt valdosta state...
TRANSCRIPT
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Educational Accountability in an Era of Global Decentralization
William G. Huitt
Valdosta State University
Last Revised: April 2006
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Movement to the Industrial Age
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Importance of Schooling
• Preparing a educated citizenship has never been more important
• 20th century economy– Agriculture-based– Industrial-based– Information-based
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Schooling to the Industrial Age
• Standardization (interchangeable parts)– Outcomes (effectiveness)– Process (efficiency)
• Leadership (new opportunities)
• Management (established opportunities)
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Schooling to the Industrial Age
• Standardization (interchangeable parts)– Outcomes (effectiveness)– Process (efficiency)
• Exemplified in Carnegie units & standardized testing
• Leadership gave way to management
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Schooling in the Industrial Age
• High school graduation– 10% in 1900– 75% in 1975
• Accompanied by substantial increases in productivity
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Adoption of the Automobile
Source: Alexander, M. (2001). The innovation wave and secular market trends. Retrieved November 2004, from http://www.safehaven.com/article-71.htm
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Information-Age Megatrends
• Importance of technology– Computers– Internet
• Speed of change• Global economy• Customized economy• Decentralization• Decreased importance of manufacturing• Increased importance of distribution
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Decentralizaton
• Important decisions made at level of implementation– Standards– Curricula– Evaluation
• Adopt prepared or develop own
• Schools must demonstrate value-added
• Outside agencies audit performance
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Customized Economy
• Consumers select product or service that best meet their needs
• Who is/are the consumer(s) of schooling?– Students– Parents– Society
• Making good choices requires reliable and valid data
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Rapid Rate of Change
• Requires change in goals and activities
• Must simultaneously maintain or renegotiate values and principles
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School Choice
• School choice is increasingly becoming an option for parents and students– By 2003, 25% of K-12 students in the US
were not attending neighborhood public school
– Neighborhood public school attendance decreased 7.5% in 10 years
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School Choice
• Use of vouchers declining
• Private schools (2001)– 29,273 schools– 5.3 million students
• Homeschooling (2003)– 1.1 million students
• Together accounted for 13% of school-aged children
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School Choice
• Magnet schools (2001)– 1,736 total schools; ~ 1.4 million students– Decline from 2400 schools and 3200
programs within schools in 1992– Over 25 themes
• Business and finance• Ecology and the environment• Justice and the law• Travel and tourism
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School Choice
• Magnet schools (2001)– 11 of 100 largest school districts have more
than 20% of students attending magnet school
– 3 have more than 40%
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School Choice
• Charter schools (2004)– 2,996 total schools– ~700,000 students; 37 states– 28% increase from 1997– 73% in 10 states
• Arizona• California• Colorado• Florida• Michigan
• Ohio• Pennsylvania• North Carolina• Texas• Wisconsin
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School Choice
• Magnet and Charter Schools– ~ 4% of total enrollment
• Open enrollment – 32 states enacted legislation– ~ 4 million students; 8% of total enrollment
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Accountability
• Accountability has always been a major challenge
• Four major methods of accountability– Bureaucratic– Professional– Performance– Market
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Accountability
• Bureaucratic and Professional dominated school accountability systems throughout the 20th century
• High school graduate rates increased– 10% in 1900– 70% in 1975– 74% in 2003
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Accountability
• Movement to information-age– Decentralization– Customized economy– Rapid rate of change
• Increased emphasis on – Performance– Choice/Market
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Accountability
• Every school needs to have – Philosophy and identified values– Vision and mission statements– Curricula and performance standards
• Minimum, passing• National, proficient• Global, world class
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Accountability
• Every school needs to have – Identified learning and developmental
theories, methods of instruction, lesson plans, etc.
– Formative/process assessment• Educators• Students
– Summative/product assessment• Qualitative• Quantitative
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Accountability
• Every school needs to have– Staff training and development– Records of
• Financial transactions• Training and certifications of professional and non-
professional staff
– Method of communication with students, parents, agencies
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New Opportunities
• Develop simple, workable approaches to strategic planning– Philosophy– Vision– Mission– Values
• Use technology as appropriate
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New Opportunities
• Develop simple, technology-based approaches to developing and sharing– Curriculum standards– Performance standards– Processes of assessment and evaluation– Producing annual reports– Communicating with students, parents, and
other stakeholders
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Summary
• Diversity and choice will continue to grow
• Federal and state agencies should facilitate development – Curricula– Pedagogy– Accountability systems– Means of communication and networking
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Summary
• Diversity and choice will continue to grow
• Teacher training institutions should facilitate – Educator training to implement different
curricula– Communication and networking within their
geographical area
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Summary
People take different roads seeking fulfillment and happiness. Just because they’re not on your road doesn’t mean they’ve gotten lost.
H. Jackson Brown, Jr.
Life’s Little Instruction Book
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Make A Great Day!