Education in Rutland in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries by D. K. Shearing

For obscure reasons, little has been written about education in Rutland. As the tiny county became a part of Leicestershire only in 1974, its schools were naturally excluded from the excellent account of educational developments in the latter across four centuries, published recently. 1 A monograph devoted to school buildings spanning five hundred years from 1370 briefly mentions the grammar schools ofOakham and Uppingham and National Society schools at Little Casterton and Tinwell. 2 Nicholas Carlisle sketched the early history of the two famous free schools though he was writing more than two centuries after their foundation in 1584. Both were erected by the Reverend Robert Johnson, Rector of North Luffenham, but it was not until 1625, at the advanced age of eighty-five that he drafted Statutes and Ordinances. In that year he named twenty-four governors (presumably to manage the affairs of both schools) including Jeremy Whitaker and John Clarke, then masters at Oakham and Uppingham respectively. These apart, such are the gaps in Carlisle's sources of information that his list of masters for Oakham begins in 1724 and that for Uppingham in 1645. 3

The Victoria County History (Rutland) is comprehensive and provides the names of many early masters. 4 This study has been unable to trace a few like Robert Fullarton, stated to be first hypodidascalus or usher at Uppingham. Conversely several in the Appendix list, harvested mainly from the records of visitation, for example Mr Partridge and Mr Harper, ushers there in 1614 and 1620 are omitted. There were masters in both towns before Johnson's schools materialized, for in April 1570 Robert Cawdrey was described as 'scholemaister' at Oakham while Jacobus Blacket was 'ludimagister' at Uppingham. 5 Cawdrey or Caudrye had been teaching for seven years by then; he ultimately achieved fame by publishing the first English dictionary in 1604. 6 The first master of Johnson's fine school at Uppingham was supposedly David Blacke 7 though I cannot confirm this. Interestingly, a tutor named Davythe Blak was in the service of the Isham family at this time but it is not clear whether based in London or Northamptonshire. He was apparently owed forty shillings for the 'Crysmas qwarter', perhaps in 1571. 8 Some few years later a David Black is met with schoolmastering at Kilkhampton on the northern borders of Devon and Cornwall where Sir Francis Hastings of Leicestershire had installed Eusebius Paget as Rector. Together:

Black and Paget turned the remote peninsula of Hartland upside down. Black defamed the prayer book, preached and catechized though not in orders and used the Geneva liturgy in the presence of Sir Richard Grenville and other Cornish notables. He was later charged by the High Commission with publicly declaring that 'there ought to be no bishops such as now are' and that 'the creation of bishops and ministers is neither godly nor according to the word of God.' He had a habit of riding about the country 'taking notes at sermons and abusing the conservative clergy'. 9

By 1558 the people had in the short space of twenty-five years endured a series of religious upheavals. Elizabeth's solution on her acession was the establishment of the Church of England, product of the Acts of Uniformity and Supremacy, 1559, though puritans like Black

Trans. Vol. LV

EDUCATION IN RUTLAND 39

together with Roman Catholics either accepted the compromise with ill grace, or rejected it outright. It is no coincidence that the surviving Visitation Books date from 1560. They form part of the Peterborough Diocesan Archives now housed at the County Record Office, Delapre Abbey, Northampton. Until 1541 Rutland was in the Diocese of Lincoln so ecclesiastical source material for educational developments before then and for the Peculiars ofEmpingham, Ketton and Liddington since is possibly still at Lincolnshire. Early Church of England documents, as a recent historian has pointed out, show that, 'In many places where no permanent endowed school existed there might be a private grammar school of a few boys taught by parson or curate, sometimes in remote, rural parishes where no school.would have been expected.' 10 This is true of Rutland, the records of visitation bringing to lighfeleven previously unknown schools, or places where masters eked out a living, 11 and furnishing details of several others already vouched for. This second group 12 includes North Luffenham which may date back to pre­Reformation days; a school kept in the church at Pilton in 1584; Braunston, endowed with £30 in 1587 plus schools also in the churches at Langham and Stretton, both in 1640. Schools sending boys on to university at Wing and Tinwell crop up in the Visitation Books but another at Ketton, as expected, does not. Henry Foster in 1692 bequeathed land to support schoolmasters in five hamlets including Thistleton 13 which alone has no master before this date.

The business of Elizabethan and Stuart schools was to season youth in learning and scripture in preparation for administrative duty. Education, touching predominantly the middle classes, flourished, a vital component of civil policy. Typically the Oakham schoolmaster had to be a 'Master of Arts', 'honest and discreet', diligent' and 'painful in the educating of children in good learning and religion' while the usher had to be 'godly', 'learned' and 'carry himself reverently'. 14 A system of episcopal licensing was designed to exclude extremists ofleft or right from the schools though in 1564 when Bishop Edmund Scambler reported to the Privy Council on the state of his Peterborough Diocese he ga\'.e no hint as to who were more troublesome. Gentlemen of evil persuasion were patronizing schoolmasters 'of corrupt judgements' who did 'exceeding great hurt' yet chief constables instead of stamping out nonconformity were mostly 'fawtors (favourers) of naughty religion. 15

At each triennial visitation Scambler and his successors required answers to ten articles of enquiry, number four of which follows:

Whether your schoolmaster of the free grammar school be of sound religion and do teach his scholars such authors as are allowed by the Queen Majesty's injunctions and what number of choristers there be and by whom are they instructed and what stipend is allowed unto him for their learning. 16

Though this particular query was directed to the Dean and Chapter of Peterborough Cathedral, the churchwardens or special inquisitors ofevery parish were quick to report various offenders. Charges of bastardy, adultery, drunkenness, witchcraft and mowing hay or killing meat on the Sabbath were commonplace; occasionally the scho.olmaster was suspected of being unlicenced. Thus Francis Clements was reported to Scambler in 1577, having taught in Oakham unofficially for nearly two years. 17 Thomas Locke was in a similar position at Ridlington in 1585 but probably moved on as a man of this name was keeping a school at Exton three years later. 18 Robert Andrew, unlicenced ludimagister at Seaton in 1585 had complied with the law by 1588. 19 In 1591 Bishop Richard Howland learned that at Whissendine, 'the scholemr hathe no licence'. 20 Now in 1589 a Mr Slye? was teaching there 21 and by May 1605 Thomas Bury? 22

Such are the vagaries of handwriting in the early Visitation Books, possibly one man is involved. William Withers, discovered teaching without a licence at Morcott in January 1629/30 had to pay only seven shillings for one' because he successfully pleaded poverty. 23 The normal fee in the Peterborough Diocese was eleven shillings and fourpence. Elsewhere too, high cost meant

40

that masters delayed certification and 'a further disincentive to obtaining a licence was the time and trouble the business might take.' 24 Penalties before 1660 were in practice light, detection leading either to prohibition temporarily until a licence was procured - the culprit was often given 'till Michaelmas next' - or penance or, very rarely, excommunication.

A masters subscription was an essential preliminary to the issue of a licence. Edward Dalby M.A., on 29th June 1631 wrote typically:

I, Edward Dalby de North Luffenham, Master of Arts doe willingly et ex animo subscribe to the 3 articles agreed uppon in ye convocation holden at Westminster Anno Dom. 1604 and to all things therein contained. 25

Snippets besides qualifications are often revealed. Dalby was licensed 'to teach boys and adults;' so too at Whissendine was William Shallcrosse M.A., from 9th July 1639. 27 John Dixon was to teach boys 'in the vernacular language' at Barrowden from 13th April 1630 28 Francis Clapham/Clapton M.A. was licensed the same day to teach boys and adults 'the wants of grammar' at Oakham free school. 29 It has been observed of Robert Johnson that judging by 'the names of the incumbents whom he chose to be governors of his schools at his death, from the schoolmasters whom he appointed . . . that his sympathies were strongly puritanical. 30 The example ofJeremy Whitaker bears this out. Installed as usher at Oakham in May 1623, 31 he was called 'ludimagister' exactly three years later when he paid a procuration fee of twelve pence. 32

Eventually he was to be numbered amongst the Westminster Assembly of Divines. 33

Religious fervour ran high during and immediately after the interregnum. Ezechiel Johnson M.A., Robert's grandson was Headmaster of Uppingham from circa 1628 to 1641. 34 He was Rector of Paulerspury (Northants) from 1631 and of Cranford St. John (Northants) from 1640 being sequestered from both livings in July 1644 in the drive against pluralism. 35 With the restoration of the monarchy, episcopal licensing was rigorously enforced. The purpose of the Clarendon Code was to rid church and school of non-conformists. Penalties were now severe and included fine and imprisonment. Diocesan records during this period are especially fruitful, for Rutland as elsewhere. Schoolmaster John Love M.A., subscribed in August 1662, 36

was listed in July 1664 and again in July 1667, 37 yet although he continued in his post at Oakham for a further thirty-five years, his name does not occur again in the Visitation Books. Joseph Perry, North Luffenham ludimagister in 1663 was investigated and cleared of suspicion 38 but several masters did fall foul of the authorities. For example Shallcrosse the Whissendine master and later vicar of that parish, 39 probably subscribed in the first place under pressure and had been active on behalf of the county committee during the interregnum. Presumably he is the Mr Shallcrosse who refused to subscribe at Braunston in 1662 40 though he is not mentioned by Calamy. Another troubled puritan was John Seaton, licenced to cure and teach (no place stated) on 3rd October 1623. 41 In May 1626 when he paid a procuration fee of twelvepence he was usher at Oakham and still there three years later. 42 This was not the 'young Seaton which is now at Cambridge .. . there a student' referred to by Robert Johnson in his will and left twenty shillings. 43 By 1630 John was 'an unconformable minister in Essex' . 44 Very likely this was the Mr Seaton who intruded at Twywell (Northants) in 1650. He was ejected in 1660 and afterwards lived precariously schoolmastering first at Islip (Northants) 'where several of the neighbouring gentlemen committed their children to his care' then at Thrapston (Northants) until his death in 1684. 45 Vincent Alsop M.A., was curate of Langham and for some time after 1650 usher at Oakham. Born in 1630 he was educated at Uppingham school and St. John's College, Cambridge. A presbyterian, he was ejected form the rectorship of Wilby (Northants) in 1662 and later, he served six months at Northampton 'for praying with a sick person,. In May 1672 he was allowed to conduct meetings in his home at Geddington (Northants) but a licence for a room above Wellingborough school was refused. 46 James Fisher was rector of Clipsham from 1628 perhaps until 1651. He was probably the graduate of that

EDUCATION IN RUTLAND 41

nanie licensed to teach in the diocese of Peterborough (no place stated) on 29th May 1629 and who subscribed the same day. 47 By 1660 he was at Sheffield, being turned out as vicar for his strong congregationalist views. 48 Inevitably, those who survived the different purges could be accused of time serving though it has been suggested they made the times serve them. Such a man was the younger Francis Meres/Meares M.A., of a staunch Royalist family, headmaster of Uppingham from at least April 1641 to July 1667. 49 Another was Rayner Herman who taught for a period at Stamford; 50 by 1665 he was sending boys to university from his grammar school at Tinwell. He was a governor of Oakham free school for six years from 1663. 51

At the restoration individuals grappled with their consciences. Left wingers while debarred from office continued to flaunt themselves, the intrigues of Robert Ferguson, the notorious ejected minister of Ketron being well documented. 52 Roman Catholics, however, were sorely persecuted. Two pupils of Meres', Edward and Anthony Turner entered school in October 1642 and May 1645 respectively. They became Jesuits and as a result of the papist scare engineered by Titus Oates, the elder brother was executed in 1679 and the younger died in prison the following year. 53 Occasionally catholics like the Colebankes of Stoke Dry come to light in the Visitation Books labelled 'popish recusants'. 54 A religious census of the diocese in 1676 produced totals of 91,444 conformists, 2,081 nonconformists and only 163 papists. In Rutland the nonconformists were widely scattered with a few in nearly every parish. The catholics were distributed thus:

Barrowden Burley Exton Kelpisham (Clipsham)

7 1 1 4

Morcott North Luffenham South Luffenham Stokeley (Stoke Dry)

10 15 10 t355

Obviously the faith remained alive and no doubt some Roman Catholic teachers went undetected or were disguised as servants in large houses. 56 Towards the end of the seventeenth century, with toleration in the air, church control of education weakened. Many masters however still complied through habit like Thomas Reeve who fully subscribed when obtaining a licence to teach at Exton in July 1696. 51 Yet Charles Eyre of Barrowden 'a pretended schoolmaster, the same person being a Roman Catholic' was refused a licence in 17 49 58 and elsewhere in the diocese a master was taken to the Consistory Court for being unlicenced as late as 1763. 59

From the late sixteenth century, though many masters held some church office, like curate Collinson at Morcott in May 1617 60 and Francis Meres M.A., the elder, Rector of Wing and master of the grammar school from circa 1602 to 164 7, 61 teaching emerged as a distinct career. James Watson/Wadeson M.A., taught at Oakham for at least twenty-five years, 62 and James Stackhouse for ten. 63 Over at Uppingham Edward Ismael Burrows M.A., stayed ten years 64 and usher John Chun eleven. 65 Of masters previously mentioned Love served forty years, usher Clapham ten, Meres (junior) twenty-six and Clarke fifteen. A pupil of the last named was Sir Justinian Isham who went on to Cambridge then, in the upper class tradition, a foreign tour in 1633. 66 Masters labouring in less prestigious fields were in sufficient demand to be able to make a living too. Thomas Bury, already mentioned, probably taught at Whissendine · for at least sixteen years, but men like his predecessor Thomas Williams were prepared to try pastures new. He was there from 1585 to 1588; 67 a man of this name was at Braunston by May 1605. 68

William Hichcoke/Hichcock kept school at Preston in 1585 and at Barrowden three years later. 69 John Flower the 'scholemaster' at Teigh in May 1605 70 was peripatetic. From 1609 to 1611 he taught at Whilton (Northants); 71 by July 1614 when he paid a procuration fee of one shilling he was at Harlestone (Northants). 72 He had moved to nearby Rothersthorpe (Northants) by October 1616 73 and on to Bugbrooke (Northants) twelve months later. 74

42

Perhaps the Mr Cooper, Barrowden ludimagister in May 1617, 75 is the teacher of that name who appears at neighbouring Dingley (Northants) in May 1626. 76

Clearly communities were convinced of the value of education. Zachary Hawford M.A., ludimagister at Morcott in 1585 77 became rector of Thorpe Arnold (Leics) the following year. He was probably the only son of' Gyles Hawford, yeoman of Clipston (Northants) whose will, proved 1609, included this item: 'I give towards the buylding ofa schoolhouse when the towne shall hereafter undertake it xx.' 78 John Newcome B.A., the Oakham usher in June 1614, 79

when making his will on 23rd June 1616, was concerned for his nephew's future. One hundred pounds was to be employed by friend John Butler 'for the better maintenance of John Lambe in some common school or university'. Lambe was to receive a similar sum at the age of twenty­four ifhe continued 'diligently and carefully to study and apply himself in learning' in order to 'become a clerk in some office'. By way of encouragement he was to have all Newcome's books (titles unknown) but failure to apply himself would lead to Butler spending just half the money on binding him 'apprentice in some honest trade'. 80

Wills throw light on the social and financial standing of teachers in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, about which little is known. James Watson whose will is dated 10th October 1610, believed that 'on the last day, I shall rise out of the dust. .. and in my flesh shall see my saviour, meeting him in the clouds to be taken up with him unto everlasting glory'. He confessed to owning few worldly goods but nevertheless left a hundred pounds to his 'dear and aged parents, Richard and Mabel' plus twenty pounds apiece to several other relatives. Various friends were forgiven small debts and ten pounds were to be distributed among the town's poor. Watson also gave ten pence each to the six children then alive of his 'loving friend William Peachie' 81 who as vicar of Oakham in 1625 was ordained a school governor by Robert Johnson. 82 Francis Meres the elder wrote his will on 10th December 1646. We are afforded a useful glimpse of the schoolmaster's household from the list of items he bequeathed to grandchild Katherine:

My 2 bedsteads, featherbeds, 2 bolsters, 2 mattresses, 4 pillows, 4 pillowcases, 2 red blankets, green rug, 2 yellow blankets, green blanket, one of my coverlets, 4 pairs of my best sheets, 1 doz. table napkins, 2 of my best table cloths, 4 pewter platters, a brass pan, 2 of my great pewter candlesticks, my great chair in the chamber and the little chair in the Hall.

The poor people of Wing were to share five pounds while Katherine~ then only nine, was to receive one hundred pounds on marriage. 83

Routine payment of procuration fees and the tidy sums of money disposed of contradict Charles Hoole's assertion that schoolmasters' stipends were small. 84 Some men were ill rewarded, one such being Tully Wells M.A., who probably vacated the headship of Wellingborough school in September 1669 to take up the better paid similar position at North luffenham. 85 Outside Oakham and Uppingham, here was Rutland's major educational centre with a long line of masters serving the village. In addition to Johnson, Sampson Wilson M.A., headmaster of Charterhouse in 1644 and the congregationalist Samuel Winter, the Provost of Trinity College, Dublin, 1651-60, were buried in its churchyard. 86

It is unfortunate that we know very little about life in the classroom centuries ago. One verdict is that, 'The whole school round of religious observances, catechisms, primers and Bible­reading show the permeation of the school work with religious instruction'. 87 Contemporary handbooks and teaching manuals like Hoole's are informative. Plainly, classical works formed the pupils' staple diet but the will of Thomas Shocketon M.A., dated 12th November 1662, provides a clue to a possibly more varied curriculum than hitherto has been suspected. Originally licensed in November 1624, 88 he taught for many years in St. Martin's parish, Stamford Baron, on the Rutland border, His will, with the signature 'Chocquetu', carries

EDUCATION IN RUTLAND 43

details of a personal stock of books probably used for teaching purposes. He wanted Peter Madewell of Ayston to have 'Crookes Anatomy'. Other volumes named included 'Brightman upon ye Rhenish Testament', 'Ainsworth upon Moses','Herne's works', 'a book called four­footed beasts' and 'the Bible ofye last impression'. Finally he wrote, 'I give and bequeath to the French church in Norwich all my French, Spanish and Italian books'. 89 Coincidently, Robert Johnson, born 1540, as a boy attended Peterborough Cathedral School. He learned to read and write in Latin, Greek and Hebrew and 'he had a special good instructor that taught him the French, Italian and Spanish languages'. 90

There was certainly the rare facility of a library at Oakham from its earliest days. Love, on 29th May 1675 in answer to Christopher Wase's questionnaire 91 conveyed the news that it was pleasantly sited but sadly most of the best books had been 'rifled and stolen in the time of the rebellion' . 92 A very badly written letter from Uppingham (author unknown) included the following curious paragraph, 'In Lincoln a M.S. Statius others P _ __ some Saxon. Deane Honywood Hildebertus epistles 45 in old calligraphy much better than ye edition in Bibliotheca P.P.' 93 This could have been a reference to the cathedral choir's library or to a second adjoining Lincoln grammar school 'for the use of the masters and ministers of the town, given not long since by Mr Swift, Rector ofWaddington' . 94 Hoole of course considered a well-stocked school library essential and to ensure scholars developed 'a fair hand' he suggested the employment of a penman. Isaac Massey was a scrivener who taught part-time . at Oakham during the interregnum and for his pains received a salary of four pounds. 95 A puritan, he intruded as 'lecturer' at U ppingham in 1644. 96 Hoole thought that sports should be allowed to counter the burden of study and when spirits ran high at the end of term or at Shrovetide it was best for masters to participate. Occasionally violence erupted as at nearby Market Harborough (Leics.) circa 1672 when the pupils wedged the school door with horseshoes and flung five hundred lighted paper twists containing gunpowder into the crowd gathered below. 97 No doubt Rutland schoolboys were guilty of similar outbreaks. Speculation has surrounded the Oakham and Uppingham seal which depicts both sexes 98 but there is no evidence that girls were accepted as pupils.

Johnson's original schoolhouses bearing datemarks and inscriptions survive still beside ancient churches. Stone letters chiselled above the entrances testify to the serious, purposeful approach of sixteenth century educationalists. A _Hebrew quote from Proverbs xxii, 6 runs, 'Train up a child in the way he should go and when he is old, he will not depart from it'; in Greek, from Ephesians vi, 4 it says, 'Bring up your children in the nurture and admonition of the Lord'; in Latin is added, 'Learning gives sobriety to the young, solace to the aged, riches to the poor and distinction to the rich'. 99 Other less ostentatious Tudor and Stuart schoolrooms may still exist in Rutland, passed off as attractive country cottages.

APPENDIX

Ashwell

Ayston Barrowden

Braunston

May 1617

May 1623 1585 to 1588 1588 May 1617 1630 May 1605

Schools and Masters Mr Metcalf (name crossed out) Mr Bate Thomas Shore/Shower William Hichcoke/Hichcock Mr Cooper John Dixon Thomas Williams

44

Empingham Exton

Greetham Ketton Langham Little Casterton Martinsthorpe

Morcott

North Luffenham

Oakham

Sept. 1607 1588 July 1696 1588 1626 1640 May 1600 Aug. 1662

1585 May 1617 Jan. 1629/30 1585 1588 1592 May 1602

Sept. 1607 June 1614 to May 1617 May 1623 June 1631 1663 Sept. 1669 Aug. 1671 1563 to Apr. 1570 1575 to 1577 1585 1585 c.1585 1585 to 1610 1589 to 1592 Sept. 1607 to 1615 May 1611 c. 1613 June 1614 to May 1623 Jl1Ile 1614 to 1616 May 1617 to May 1620 May 1623 to May 1629 May 1626 to May 1629 June 1631 to April 1641 June 1631 to April 1641 1642 to 1644 April 1644

John Handson Thomas Locke Thomas Reeve Mr Langley master's name not known Mr Boyd Daniel Wetherell George Iliffe. Rector of the parish and schoolmaster at Monks Kirby (Warwicks.) Zachary Hawford M.A. Mr Collinson William Withers Abell Bellers Thomas Hill? Mr Lee Mr Wilkinson George Douglas was master of a catholic school here for 16 years during Elizabeth's reign Robert Farrington Mr Moore/More Mr Kestian Edward Dalby M.A. Joseph Perry Tully Wells M.A. Joseph Wright B.A. Robert Cawdrey/Caudrye Francis Clements Thomas Ashbroke Thomas/Robert Rushbroke Abel Mellors (usher) James Watson/Wadeson M.A. John Leycocke (usher) Thomas Griffin (usher) Abraham Greene M.A. John Haycocke (petty s/master) John Wallis/Wallace M.A., M .D . John Newcome B.A. (usher) Thomas White (usher) Jeremy Whitaker M.A. (usher initially) John Seaton M.A. (usher) James Stackhouse Francis Clapham/Clapton M.A. (usher) Alexander 'Dr.' Gill Richard Swan (jun.) M.A.

EDUCATION IN RUTLAND 45

c.1645 Richard Swan (sen.) 1649 to 1653 Michael Frere/Frear/Fryer 'Dr.' c. 1650 Vincent Alsop M.A. (usher) April 1659 Isaac Massey (writing master) 1661 Richard Watts briefly c.1661 Mr Brooks briefly Aug. 1662 to c.1700 John Love M.A. July 1664 to 1671 Thomas Sumpter M.A. (usher) c.1671 to c.1700 Sampson/John Choyse/Choice B.A. (ushet)

Pilton 1584 School from this date Preston 1585 William Hichcoke/Hichcock Ridlington 1585 Thomas Locke

1588 Daniel Gibson 1592 Mr Iseley May 1602 Mr Mellor

Seaton 1585 to 1588 Robert Andrew May 1602 Mr Ashton

South Luffenham 1626 Master's name not known Stretton 1640 Mr Watkin Teigh May 1605 John Flower Thistleton 1692 Possibly a school from this date Tinwell May 1608 John Foster

c.1665 Rayner Herman M.A. Uppingham Apr. 1570 Jacobus Blacket

1584 David Blacke 1584 Robert Fullarton (usher) 1588 George Danniell/Janion? M.A. 1592 to 1695 William Pickering M.A. 1592 Mr Miller (usher) 1597 to Sept. 1607 Edward/Ismael Burrows M.A. May 1600 to May 1602 Mr Pye (usher) June 1614 to May 1629 John Clarke June 1614 Mr Partridge (usher) May 1620 Mr Harper (usher) May 1623 to May 1626 Mr Bilbie/Bilby (usher) May 1629 to Apr. 1640 John Chun (usher) June 1631 to Apr. 1640 Ezechiel Johnson M.A. Apr. 1641 to July 1667 Francis Meres/Meares M.A. (jun.) Apr. 1641 Richard Swaine/Swan (usher) B.A. c. 1644 to c.1646 Mr Alson 1646 Thomas Childeston M.A. (usher) c.1646 Edward Halles (usher) 1649 John Armstrong B.A. (usher) Aug. 1662 to July 1667 William Lewin/Levin B.A. (usher) Jan. 1668 Thomas Stockman M .A.

46

Whissendint

Whitwell Wing

Notes

1683 to Apr. 1684 1585 to 1588 1589 1591 May 1605 Sept. 1607 to May 1608 July 1639 May 1666 1594 May 1600 c.1602 to 1647

John Savage M.A Thomas Williams Mr Slye? master not named Thomas Bury? Zachary Catlin William Shallcrosse M.A. Richard Clarke Henry? Hickman Mr Guninge Francis Meres/Meares M.A. (sen.)

I. (Ed.) B. Simon, Education in Leicestershire 1540-1940 (Leicester, 1968) 2. M. Seaborne, The English School: Its Architecture and Organization 1370-1870 (1971) 3. A Concise Description of the Endowed Grammar Schools in England and Wales (2 vols ., 1818), See vol. I pp. 336/37 4. See F. Fletcher, Schools, Vol.1 (1908) 5. Peterborough Diocesan Archives, Northampton Record Office, Episcopal Visitation Book 2, f.9. (Hereafter

E.V.B.) 6. W.L. Sargant, The Book of Oakham School (Cambridge, 1928), p.13 7. Victoria County History, Rutland, (Hereafter V.C.H.) Vol. I, p.261 8. (Ed.) G .D. Ramsay, 'John !sham's Accounts 1558-1572, Northants Record Society Series, Vol. XXI (Gateshead,

1962), p.143 9. P. Collinson, The Elizabethan Puritan Movement (1967), pp.276/77

10. J . Lawson, A Town Grammar School Through Six Centuries (Oxford, 1963), pp.5/6 11. Ashwell, Ayston, Barrowden, Little Casterton, Morcott, Ridlington, Seaton, Teigh, Tinwell, Whissend.ine and

Whitwell (See appendix for further details) 12. See V.C.H., Vol.1, p.260 13. Ibid. p.298 14. N. Carlisle, op. cit., Vol.1, pp.325/27 15. G . Anstruther, Vaux of Harrowden (Newport, Mon., 1953), p.79 16. E. V.B., 4 (unfoliated) The year was 1588 17. V.C.H., Vol.1, p.270 18. E. V.B., 4 (unfoliated) 19. Ibid. 20. E. V.B., 5 (unfoliated) 21. E. V.B., 4 (unfoliated) 22. E. V.B., 7, f.57v 23. Peterborough, Diocesan Archives, Consistory Court Book 62, ff.95v, 106v 24. D .A. Cressy, Education and Literacy in London and East Anglia 1580-1700 (Ph. D. Thesis, Cambridge, 1973) p.65 25. E. V.B., 7, f.240v 26. Peterborough, Diocesan An,hives, Miscellaneous Book 11, f.209v 27. Ibid., Consistory Court Book 70, f.24r 28. Ibid., Miscellaneous Book 11, f.199v 29. Ibid. 30. W.L. Sargant, op. cit., p. 7 31. E. V.B., 7, f.184r 32. Ibid., f.20lr

EDUCATION IN RUTLAND 47

33. (Ed.) E. Peacock, Army Lists of the Roundheads and Cavaliers (1863) p.62 34. E. V.B., 7, ff.231v, 263v; E. V.B., 8(a), f.13v 35. A.G. Matthews, Walker Revised (Oxford, 1948), p.281 36. Peterborough Diocesan Archives, Subscription Book 1, f.21 37. E. V.B ., 11, (unfoliated) 38. Peterborough Diocesan Archives, Consistory Court Book 72, f.30v 39. H.I. Longden (Rev.) Northamptonshire and Rutland Clergy from 1500 (16 vols. Nonhampton, 1938-1943). See

Vol.12 p.119 40. Peterborough Diocesan Archives, Subscription Book 1, (inside cover) 41. Peterborough Diocesan Archives, Miscellaneous Book 11, f.142r 42. E. V.B., 7, ff.201r, 217v 43. V.C.H., Vol.1, p .267; this was Zachary Seaton, see N. Carlisle, op. cit., Vol.1, p.329 44. W.L. Sargant, op. cit. p.58 45. E. Calamy, The Noncomformist 's Memorial (3 vols, 1803) Vol.111, p.46 46. A.G. Matthews, Calamy Revised (Oxford, 1934) pp.8/9, 105/106; H.J. Longden, op. cit., Vol.1, p.53 47. E. V.B., 7, f.220v; Peterborough Diocesan Archives, Miscellaneous Book 11 , f.190v 48. A.G. Matthews, Calamy pp.198/99 49. E. V.B., 8(b) f.13r; E. V.B ., 11, (unfoliated); Subscription Book 1, f.22 50. See W.A.L. Vincent, The Grammar Schools; Their Continuing Tradition 1660-1714 (1969), p.130 51. V.C.H., Vol.1, p.260; W.L. Sargant, op. cit., p.56 52. Dictionary of National Biography, Vol.VI, pp.1214/17 53. V.C.H., Vol.1, pp.282/3 54. E.V.B., 8(a) f.23r 55. Peterborough Diocesan Archives, Miscellaneous Document 17 56. The standard work on catholic education is A.C.F. Beales, Education Under Penalty (1963) 57. Peterborough Diocesan Archives, Subscription Book 4 (unfoliated) 58. E. V.B., 26, f.1 59. At Bugbrooke (Northants). Peterborough Diocesan Archives, Miscellaneous Bundle 12 60. E. V.B., 7, f.146r 61. H.I. Longden, op. cit., Vol.9, p.199 62. E. V.B., 4 (unfoliated); E. V.B., 4(a) (unfoliated); E. V.B ., 5 (unfoliated); E. V.B., 7, ff.71r, 91v 63. E. V.B ., 7, ff.230r, 261v; E. V.B., B(a) j.12r; E. V.B., 8(b) f.1 lv 64. E. V.B., 5 (unfoliated); E. V.B., 7 ff.17v, 31r, 73r 65. E. V.B., 7 ff.219r, 231v, 263v; E. V.B ., 8(a) f.13v 66. (Ed) Sir G. Isham, The Diary of Thomas Isham of Lamport 1671-73 (Farnborough, 1971), p.12 67. E. V.B., 4 (unfoliated) 68. E. V.B., 7 f.52v 69. E. V.B., 4 (unfoliated) 70. E.V.B., 7 f.56v 71. E.V.B., 6 ff.34v, 67r, 82r 72. Ibid., f.178v 73. Ibid., f.260r 74. Ibid., f.286r 75. E. V.B., 7 f.143v 76. Ibid., f.196v 77. E. V.B., 4 (unfoliated) 78. H.I. Longden, op. cit. Vol.6 p.211 79. E. V.B., 7 f.134v 80. N.R.O., Peterborough Wills, Vol.H, f.358 81. N.R.O., Peterborough Wills, Vol.A, f.106 82. N. Carlisle, op. cit., Vol.1, p.325 83. N.R.O., Peterborough Wills, Vol.M, f.180 84. See A New Discovery of the Old Art of Teaching School (1660; ed. E.T. Campagnac, Liverpool, 1913), the epistle 85. See W.A.L. Vincent, op. cit., p.155

48

86. A.G. Matthews, Calamy, pp.537/39 87. F. Watson, The English Grammar Schools to 1660 (2nd Ed., 1968), p60 88. Peterborough Diocesan Archives, Miscellaneous Book 11, f. l 49v 89. N.R.O., Northampton Wills, Bk.3, 4th series, f.69 90. V.C.H., Vol.1, p .268 91. For details of his inquiries see W.A.L. Vincent, op. cit., Ch.2 92. Wase M.S.2, f.131 (CCC Oxon 390, Bodleian Library) 93. Wase M.S.2, f.238 94. Wase M.S.2, f.49 95. W.L. Sargant, op. cit., p.19 96. A.G. Matthews, Walker, p. 302 97. Sir G. Isham, op. cit., p.167 98. See J.W. Adamson, 'The Illiterate Anglo-Saxon' and other Essays (Cambridge, 1946), pp.59-61 99. V.C.H., Vol.l, p.270