Govt. Gordon College Rawapindi

BS IT 3rd Semester

Submitted To: Sir Qudrat Ullah

Submitted by :

Zeeshan ahmed

Rashid nawaz

Kashif ali

Jahanzeb anjum

Ayyaz meer

Arslan rabani

Education

Education in its general sense is a form of learning in which knowledge, skills, and habits of a group of people are transferred from one generation to the next through teaching, training, research.

Structure of Educational Institution:

School education:

Primary education lasts for nine years divided into two stages of five and four years respectively. It leads to Secondary education comprise three main types of schools: secondary general schools (gymnasium), secondary technical schools and secondary vocational schools. Gymnasiums prepare for study at higher education institutions and for professions. The secondary technical schools and 4-year courses or three-year follow-up courses at secondary vocational schools prepare students for a wide range of professions, as well as for studies at higher education institutions. The 2-year and 3-year courses at the vocational schools prepare students for professional activities.

Higher education:

Higher education institutions can be of university and non-university type. The non-university higher education institutions usually offer Bachelor study programmes and, if accredited, master study programmes. They are not allowed to provide doctoral study programmes. University-type higher education institutions offer Bachelor, Master and in most case also Doctoral study programmes. Higher education institutions offer courses in the Humanities, Social Sciences, Natural Sciences, Engineering, Medicine and Pharmacy, and Theology, as well as in Economics, Veterinary Medicine, and Agriculture, Teacher Training and Arts. They are public, state or private institutions. Public institutions are financed by the state budget through the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports. The private institutions can be partially financed by the State. All higher education institutions provide accredited study programmes which are assessed by the Accreditation Commission.

Types of Education

1) Formal Education2) Informal Education

Formal Education

Def:

1) Formal education is any education provided by a recognized institution teaching courses or even at home, following a planned course of study.

2) Formal education refers to the structured educational system provided by the state for children.

3) Any process of teaching which involves supervision, instruction, set plan, definite aims and principles amounts to formal education.

Main Points:

(i) Planned with a particular end in view.(ii) Limited to a specific period.(iii) Well-defined and systematic curriculum(iv) Given by specially qualified teachers.(v) Includes activities outside the classroom(vi) Observes strict discipline.

1) Planned with a particular end in view

Formal education is planned with a particular end in view. It is given in school, college and similar other institutions which are established with the purpose. In this way it is direct schooling, instruction and tuition.

2) Limited to a specific period

Formal education is limited to a specific period or stage. It is provided according to certain set rule and regulations. It is in the form of systematic, planned and guided instruction.

3) Well-defined and systematic curriculum

Formal education has a well-defined and systematic curriculum. This curriculum is based on certain aims and objectives. These aims are in conformity with the needs of the society and the state-.

4) Given by specially qualified teachers

Formal education given by specially qualified teachers they are supposed to be efficient in the art of instruction.

5) Includes activities outside the class-room

In modern progressive schools, the process of education is not merely restricted the four walls of the class-room. There are more activities outside the class-room than inside it.

6) Observes strict discipline

Formal education observes strict discipline. The pupil and the teacher are both aware of the fact an engage themselves in the process of education.

Informal Education:

1) Informal Education is "the process, by which a person imbibes attitudes, develops skills, cultivates values and acquires knowledge, without there being any organization or system about it.

2) Informal Education refers to learning that takes place while at work or at play and during travels-as well as spontaneous learning through films, radio and television."

Main Points:

1) Incidental and spontaneous2) Not-pre-planned.3) Not imparted by any specialized agency.4) No prescribed time-table or curriculum.5) May be negative also

1) Incidental and spontaneous:

Informal education is incidents and spontaneous. There is no conscious effort involved in it. Education learnt in a market place or in a hotel or in one's sitting room amount to informal education.

2) Not preplanned nor deliberate:

Informal education is an educative activity which is neither pre-planned nor deliberate. The child learns many habits, manners and patterns while living with others or moving in different spheres like home, society, groups etc.

3) Not imparted by any specializedagency:

Unlike formal education, informal education is not imparted by any specialized agency such as school or college.

4) No prescribed time-table or curriculum:

Informal education is not given according to any fixed time-table or through formal means of education. There is no set curriculum required. Informal education consists in experiences and actual living in the family or community.

6) May be negative education also:

Informal education may take to negative direction also. Instances are not rare when one learns stealing, or some other forms of misbehavior from the experiences which the child may casually have in the street, in the market, in the cinema hall or in some other such place.

Functions of educational institution

Functions of educational institutionconsist of teaching basic skills such as functional literacy, teaching knowledge and skills for specific jobs ,transmitting the culture of the society in other words ,they transmit the beliefs ,norms and values of the society, Developing skills in critical thinking Preparing the individual to live in society ,the total development of the individual.

Types:

1)Manifest Functions

2) Latent Functions

Manifest Functions:

The consequenceses for the operation of socity as a whole.

Types:

1) Socialization:

college schools teach students the student-roles, specific academic subjects, and political socialization for example the importance of the democratic process

2) Transmission of culture:

Schools transmit cultural norms and values to each new generation.  It plays, as well, an important process in the assimilation of new immigrants.  Immigrants learn the dominant cultural values, attitudes, and behaviors so that they can be productive members in their new society.

3) Social Control:

Schools are responsible for teaching discipline, respect, obedience, punctuality, and perseverance.  They teach conformity by teaching young people to be good students, conscientious future workers, and law abiders.

4) Social Placement:

Schools are responsible for identifying the most qualified people to fill advanced positions in society.  Schools often channel students into programs based on their ability and academic achievement.  Graduates receive appropriate credentials for entering the paid work force.

5) Change and Innovation:

Schools are sources of change and innovation.  To meet student needs at a given time, new programs for example AIDs education, computer education, and multicultural education are created.  College and university faculty are expected to conduct research and publish new knowledge that benefits the overall society.  A major goal of education is to reduce social problems

Latent Functions1) The consequences that are largely untended and unrecognized.2) Latent functions are the not-so-obvious functions associated with education

Types:

1) Cultural Capital:Cultural capital is social assets such as values, beliefs, attitudes, and competencies in language and culture that they learn at home, but which are reinforced in school.

2) Hidden Curriculum:The hidden curriculum is the way certain cultural values and attitudes, such as conformity and obedience to authority, are transmitted through implied demands in the everyday rules and routines of schools.