ed_lec09 chapter 9_pfd pid (1)
TRANSCRIPT
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CBB1052 ENGINEERING
GRAPHICS
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM (PFD)
& PROCESS AND INSTRUMENTATION
DIAGRAM (P&ID)
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OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lecture, students should be able
to:
Explain what is PFD and P&ID
Construct PFD given a process statement or from
block diagram
Understand and apply general draughting rules
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PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
In the process flow diagram (PFD), processes
and/or process plants are shown as graphical
symbols, interconnected by flow lines.
The graphical symbols represent equipment and
the lines represent flows of mass or energy or
energy carriers.
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PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
The process flow diagram should consist of the
following basic information:
• symbols of process equipment
• denomination of the equipment
• route and direction of the incoming and
outgoing material, energy and/or carrier flows
• denomination of flows of incoming and outgoing
materials, energy and/or carriers
• operating conditions (T and P)
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PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
Source: EN ISO 10628:2001
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PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
The process flow diagram may also contains:
• denomination of flow directions and flow rates
of process fluids between the process steps
• essential valves in the logical process position
with respect to their function
• functional demands for process measurement
and control at essential points
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PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
(continued):
• supplementary operating conditions ( , )
• denomination of equipment and characteristic
data of equipment
• denomination of drives (e.g., gears, conveyors,
belts, chains, cranes) and their characteristics
• elevation of platforms and approximate
relative vertical position of equipment.
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PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
Source: EN ISO 10628:2001
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PROCESS AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM
(P&ID)
• The piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) is
drawn based on the process flow diagram (PFD).
• The P&ID represents the technical realization of a
process by means of graphical symbols for equipment and
piping together with graphical symbols for process
measurement and control functions.
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The piping and instrument diagram should consist of the following
basic information:
• function or type of equipment, including drives,
conveyors as well as installed spares
• identification number of equipment
• characteristic data of equipment
• indication of nominal diameter, pressure rating,
material and type of piping
PROCESS AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM
(P&ID)
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PROCESS AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM
(P&ID)
Basic information (continued):
• details of equipment, piping, valves and fittings,
thermal insulation
• process measurement and control functions with
identification number
• characteristic data of drives, given in separate lists if
necessary
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PROCESS AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM
(P&ID)
The piping and instrumentation diagram may also contains:
• denomination of flow rates or amounts of energy or energy
carriers
• route and direction of flow of energy or carriers
• type of essential primary elements and sensors
• essential construction materials for equipment
• elevation of platforms and approximate relative vertical
position of equipment
• reference designation for valves and fittings
• denomination of equipment
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EQUIPMENT FUNCTION CODE BASED ON
PTS
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EQUIPMENT FUNCTION CODE BASED ON
PTS
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GENERAL DRAUGHTING RULES ACCORDING
TO BRITISH STANDARD
Dimensions
Should reflect the actual relative dimensions with
respect to scale and elevation (exclude valves,
pumps and measurement unit)
Location
Devices to be expected at the uttermost level of the
plant shall appear at the top of the drawing
Those devices at the lowest level are expected to be
shown at the bottom of the drawing
Logical position
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GENERAL DRAUGHTING RULES ACCORDING
TO BRITISH STANDARD (CONT.)
Line Widths 1 mm for main flow lines
0.5 mm for Graphical symbols of the equipment, except valves, fittings,
and piping accessories
Energy carrier lines and auxiliary system
Subsidiary flow lines
Rectangular frames for illustrating unit operations
0.25 mm for Graphical symbols of valves, fittings and piping accessories
Symbol for process measurement and control functions, control and data transmission lines
Reference lines
Other auxiliary lines,
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Flow Direction
Flow direction shall start from left to right or top to bottom
Line Spacing
Line should not be spaced less than twice the width of the lines
Line spacing (parallel lines) > 10 mm is highly desirable
Arrows
For better understanding, arrow may be located at the inlet of the equipment and upstream of pipe branches
GENERAL DRAUGHTING RULES ACCORDING
TO BRITISH STANDARD (CONT.)
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GENERAL DRAUGHTING RULES ACCORDING
TO BRITISH STANDARD (CONT.)
Lines Connection
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GENERAL DRAUGHTING RULES ACCORDING
TO BRITISH STANDARD (CONT.)
Auxiliary system lines
Lines shall be shown as dashed lines with the
indication of the direction of flow and reference to
type of the energy carrier
Lettering
Height of letters shall be 5 mm for reference
designations of major equipment
2.5 mm for other inscriptions
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INSTRUMENT NOMENCLATURE
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SUMMARY
PFD
P&ID
General Draughting Rules
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EXERCISE
Draw the process flow diagram of the cumene
manufacturing process according to the
draughting standards outlined in BS.
Use the given block diagram to assist you
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BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR CUMENE
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
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