ISSN 1734-8412

Editor-in-Chief Prof. Leszek A. Dobrzański

http://www.journalamme.org

Volume 54 • Issue 1 • September 2012

Editorial Key Reviewers Committee

Prof. Sadek Absi Alfaro - Brasilia, BrazilProf. Gilmar Batalha - Sao Paulo, BrazilProf. Emin Bayraktar - St-Ouen, FranceProf. Andrzej Buchacz - Gliwice, PolandProf. Tara Chandra - Wollongong, AustraliaProf. Antonio Cuhna - Guimaraes, PortugalProf. Marek Dollar - Oxford, Ohio, USAProf. Georgiy Drapak - Khmelnitsky, UkraineProf. Sabahudin Ekinović - Zenica, Bosnia and HerzegovinaProf. Renato Esposito - Naples, ItalyProf. Spilios Fassois - Patras, GreeceProf. Janez Grum - Ljubljana, SloveniaProf. Toshio Haga - Osaka, JapanProf. Abdel Magid Hamouda - Doha, QatarProf. Stuart Hampshire - Limerick, IrelandProf. Marek Hetmańczyk - Katowice, PolandProf. Hong Hocheng - Hsinchu, TaiwanProf. Werner Hufenbach - Dresden, GermanyProf. Mark James Jackson - Worcester, USAProf. Jerzy Jędrzejewski - Wroclaw, PolandProf. Rudolf Kawalla - Freiberg, GermanyProf. Andrzej Klimpel - Gliwice, PolandProf. Ivars Knets - Riga, LatviaProf. Janez Kopač - Ljubljana, SloveniaProf. Piotr Kula - Lodz, PolandProf. Karl Kuzman - Ljubljana, SloveniaProf. Bogusław Major - Cracow, PolandProf. Cemal Meran - Denizli, TurkeyProf. Stanisław Mitura - Lodz, PolandProf. Andrew Nee - Singapore, SingaporeProf. Jerzy Nowacki - Szczecin, PolandProf. Abraham Ogwu - Paisley, United KingdomProf. Jerzy Pacyna - Cracow, PolandProf. Peter Palček - Zilina, Slovak RepublicProf. Fusheng Pan - Chongqing, ChinaProf. Zbigniew Rdzawski - Gliwice, PolandProf. Mario Rosso - Turin, ItalyProf. Stanislav Rusz - Ostrava, Czech RepublicProf. Yuriy Shalapko - Khmelnitsky, UkraineProf. Božo Smoljan - Rijeka, CroatiaProf. Jerry Sokolowski - Windsor, Ontario, CanadaProf. Mirko Soković - Ljubljana, SloveniaProf. Zinoviy Stotsko - Lviv, UkraineProf. Jerzy Świder - Gliwice, PolandProf. Ming-Jen Tan - Singapore, SingaporeProf. Miklos Tisza - Miskolc, HungaryProf. Boris Tomov - Rousse, BulgariaProf. Gabriel Wróbel - Gliwice, PolandProf. Bekir Sam Yilbas - Dhahran, Saudi ArabiaProf. Marian Żenkiewicz - Bydgoszcz, Poland

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of Achievements in Materialsand Manufacturing Engineering

PUBLISHED SINCE 1992

formerly as Proceedings on

Achievements in Mechanical

and Materials Engineering

Published monthly as the organ of the World Academy of Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

This journal is a part of ReadingDirect, the free of charge alertingservice which sends tables of con-tents by e-mail for this journal and inthe promotion period also the fulltexts of papers. You can register toReading Direct athttp://www.journalamme.org

Reading Direct

Editor-in-Chief

Prof. Leszek A. Dobrzański - Gliwice, Poland

Editorial Council

Deputies Editor-in-ChiefSouth AmericaProf. Maria Helena Robert - Campinas, BrazilNorth AmericaProf. George Totten - Portland, USAEuropeProf. Jose Manuel Torralba - Madrid, SpainAsiaProf. Yong Taek Im - Daejeon, South KoreaAustraliaProf. Kanaka Durga Vara Prasad Yarlagadda - Brisbane,AustraliaAfricaProf. Abdalla Wifi - Cairo, Egypt

Associate Editors Team

Production EditorMs Marzena Kraszewska, MATeam SecretaryDr Małgorzata DziekońskaThematic Area EditorsDr Mirosław BonekDr Klaudiusz GołombekDr Magdalena Polok-RubiniecDr Anna Włodarczyk-FligierDr Bogusław ZiębowiczStatistical EditorDr Daniel PakułaLanguage EditorDr Janusz Madejski

Editorial Assistance

Ms Justyna Hajduczek-Jarka, MScMr Paweł Jarka, MScMs Magdalena Kałużna, MScMs Małgorzata Ondrula, MSc

Reading Direct

Mr Adam Jagiełło, MScMr Piotr Zarychta, MSc

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of Achievements in Materials of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering and Manufacturing Engineering

Patronage

World Academy of Materialsand Manufacturing Engineering

Polish Academy of Sciences,Committee of Materials Science,Section of Metallic Materials

International Federation of Heat Treatment and SurfaceEngineering

Association of Computational Materials Science andSurface Engineering

Institute of Engineering Materialsand Biomaterials of Silesian Universityof Technology, Gliwice, Poland

Financial support

In 2012 the publication of the Journal is financially supported by theMinistry of Science and Higher Education in Poland.

Abstracting services

This Journal is sent to individual receivers from ca. 50 countries of the worldand is delivered to the National Libraries and Universities and also to other sci-entific institutions in ca. 50 countries of the world. The electronic system ofReading Direct allows to access to the electronic version of that journal on-line, in the promotional period free of charge. This Journal is included in the ref-erence list of the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (9 points].The Journal is cited by Abstracting Services such as:

The procedure of its registration in the databases of Scopus, Compandex,CiteSeer, GetCited, Web of science, Engineering Village, Public KnowledgeProject, Edith Cowan University’s Institutional Repository, Journals Onlineand Inspec has begun.

Journal Registration

The Journal is registered by the Civil Department of the DistrictCourt in Gliwice, Poland at number 279.

Publisher

Gliwice 44-100, Polandul. S. Konarskiego 18a/366e-mail: info@journalamme.org

Bank account:Stowarzyszenie Komputerowej Nauki o Materiałach i Inżynierii PowierzchniBank name: ING Bank ŚląskiBank address: ul. Zwycięstwa 28, 44-100 Gliwice, PolandAccount number/ IBAN CODE: PL76105012981000002300809767Swift code: INGBPLPW

Gliwice – Campinas – Portland – Madrid – Daejeon – Brisbane – Cairo® 2012 International OCSCO World Press. All rights reserved

The paper used for this Journal meets the requirements of acid-free paperCover photos by EastNews and Zdrojowa Invest. Printed in Poland

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Dear Readers,Today we hand to you a specialissue. It is just 20 years ago whenthe initiative of the organisation ofthe International ScientificConferences on Achievements inMechanical and MaterialsEngineering, commonly known asAMME began. It is not trivial to saythat progress in many fields oftechnology is dependent from mak-ing available newer materials,meeting better the utility require-ments of products and their com-ponents manufactured from them.This was so in primeval times ofhuman civilization, and not withoutreason it was said about the StoneAge, in which stone was used forthe production of tools, in ancienttimes, the most durable productssuch as the Sphinx survived thou-sand years, in the Middle Ages,

when it turned out that not all products can be produced because there are no suitablematerials, as in a case of some inventions of Leonardo da Vinci, or finally at present whenmaterials on demand that meet the full set of required strength and utility properties areexpected. It was not so obvious to all 20 years ago. We started the organization of, as itturned out, very successful series of conferences AMME to make mechanical engineersaware to what extent a market success of machines and devices designed by them andtheir reliability and durability depend on the proper selection of material for each compo-nent of a machine or a device. It is not so clear and methodologically easy to decide whichof over 100 thousand of engineering materials should be used in each case. It cannot bedone by relying only on the memory of a constructor. On the other hand, a material engi-neer cannot produce materials, not taking into consideration who and what for will usethem. It is therefore necessary to familiarize mutually in details with needs and conditions.The past 20 years showed that the assumptions were correct and the goal was achieved.This is confirmed by five thousand delegates of these conferences altogether, sometimesorganized in the framework of the Worldwide Congresses on Materials and ManufacturingEngineering and Technology COMMENT, which name suggests that they were a kind of acommentary of the scientific society on a present situation of mechanical engineering,materials engineering and in general manufacturing engineering, as well as other confer-ences mainly Contemporary Achievements in Mechanics, Manufacturing and MaterialsScience CAM3S. Delegates have arrived to the subsequent AMME conferences from 55countries of the world and hundreds of universities and other research institutions. Nearlytwo thousand papers and communications, usually published in an extended form in scien-tific journals have been presented. The next two thousand works have been presented atposter sessions. This is a huge content-related output of those conferences. I thank allthose who contributed to it for their work, efforts and congratulate all the scientific suc-cesses with which they would like to share at those conferences. Heated discussions andprivate meetings, in which many friendships, many realized research projects, including theinternational ones, many scientific stages and many ideas of common activeness arose,were often extremely valuable. This contribution cannot be overestimated. Some of the del-egates have begun to come to those conferences as PhD students, and today they areProfessors, Deans, Rectors and still try to participate if their duties do not prevent themfrom that. Some of the Outstanding Delegates unfortunately passed away, but the memo-ry of their greatness and commitments to the science lives among us. Many of them serveas our models to follow. And we are grateful to the Providence that we were able to meetthem, which is undoubtedly one of the achievements of those conferences.On 9th to 12th September 2012 in Kołobrzeg, Poland the 20th Jubilee International ScientificConference on Achievements in Mechanical and Materials Engineering "AMME'2012 willtake place. As usual, we expect about 200 delegates from dozens of countries from all con-tinents. I am convinced that it will be as usual an important and valuable content-relatedlymeeting of scientists. I wish you all fruitful debates and a pleasant stay in Poland.

Gliwice, in August 2012Prof. Leszek A. Dobrzanski M Dr hc

Editor-in-Chief of the JAMMEPresident of the WAMMEPresident of the ACMSSE