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DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 400 646 EC 305 121
AUTHOR Taylor, Marianne, Ed.; And OthersTITLE The Community Support Skill Standards: Tools for
Managing Change and Achieving Outcomes. SkillStandards for Direct Service Workers in the HumanServices.
INSTITUTION Human Services Research Inst., Cambridge, MA.SPONS AGENCY Office of Vocational and Adult Education (ED),
Washington, DC.PUB DATE 96CONTRACT V244B30008-95NOTE 183p.
AVAILABLE FROM Human Services Research Institute, 2336 MassachusettsAve., Cambridge, MA 02140; telephone: 617-876-0426($20).
PUB TYPE Legal/Legislative/Regulatory Materials (090)Reports Descriptive (141)
EDRS PRICE MF01/PC08 Plus Postage.DESCRIPTORS Adults; *Attendants; *Caregivers; Certification;
Competence; *Disabilities; Higher Education; *HumanServices; Qualifications; Secondary Education; *SkillDevelopment; *Standards
ABSTRACTThis document presents national voluntary skill
standards for direct service practitioners working with individualswith and without disabilities, called Community Support Human ServicePractitiahers (CSHSP). A rationale for such standards is presented.The skill standards are then presented, organized around 12 broad.,functional themes of human service work: (1) participant empowerment;(2) communication; (3) assessment; (4) community and servicenetworking; (5) facilitation of services; (6) community living skillsand support; (7) education, training, and self-development; (8)
advocacy: (9) vocational, educational, and career support; (10)
crisis intervention; (11) organizational participation; and (12)documentation. For each of the 12 categories of standards, skillstandard statements describe a set of associated job functions,activity statements describe specific tasks or work activitiesinvolved in that skill area, and performance indicators offer a meansof determining whether the practitioner can actually perform theactivity. Activities to begin the implementation of the standards insecondary and postsecondary educational contexts are described,including the promotion of a nationally recognized "Certificate ofMastery." Appendices include a list of project participants, resultsof a survey of degree-granting higher education institutions in thisfield, and CSHSP attributes needed for effective work. (CR)
***********************************************************************
Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be madefrom the original document.
***********************************************************************
2
Cre
itic
(t
r
U.S
. DE
PA
RT
ME
NT
OF
ED
UC
AT
ION
Offi
ce o
f Edu
catio
nal R
esea
rch
and
Impr
ovem
ent
ED
UC
AT
ION
AL
RE
SO
UR
CE
S IN
FO
RM
AT
ION
CE
NT
ER
(E
RIC
)is
doc
umen
t has
bee
n re
prod
uced
as
7re
ceiv
ed fr
om th
e pe
rson
or
orga
niza
tion
orig
inat
ing
it.M
inor
cha
nges
hav
e be
en m
ade
toim
prov
e re
prod
uctio
n qu
ality
.
Poi
nts
of v
iew
or
opin
ions
sta
ted
in th
isdo
cum
ent d
o no
t nec
essa
rily
repr
esen
tof
ficia
l OE
RI p
ositi
on o
r po
licy.
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds:
-;T
ools
for
Man
agin
g C
hang
e an
d A
chie
ving
Out
com
es
Skill
Sta
ndar
ds f
or D
irec
t Ser
vice
Wor
kers
in th
e H
uman
Ser
vice
s
BE
ST
CO
PY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
Edi
tors
:
Mar
iann
e T
aylo
r
Val
erie
Bra
dley
Ral
ph W
arre
n, J
r.P
ER
MIS
SIO
N T
O R
EP
RO
DU
CE
AN
DD
ISS
EM
INA
TE
TH
IS M
AT
ER
IAL
HA
S B
EE
N G
RA
NT
ED
BY
V. (
bco(
e
TO
TH
E E
DU
CA
TIO
NA
L R
ES
OU
RC
ES
INF
OR
MA
TIO
N C
EN
TE
R (
ER
IC)
,4
Pho
togr
aphy
by
Lydi
a G
anz,
San
Fra
ncis
co;
Com
mun
ity E
ntry
Ser
vice
s, R
iver
ton,
Wyo
min
g;
The
Arc
of t
he U
nite
d S
tate
s; a
nd
Dr.
Jam
es A
. Cha
ney
Gra
phic
Des
ign
by A
nne
Rea
d
4
the
Com
mun
al/
-Sip
ped
-Ski
d
.Sta
nOat
als
Pt°
Pet
Ver
y sp
ecia
l tha
nks
to o
ursu
bcon
trac
tor,
the
Edu
catio
nD
evel
opm
ent C
ente
r, In
c. (
ED
C),
for
mul
tiple
con
trib
utio
ns to
this
pro
ject
incl
udin
g th
e de
velo
pmen
t of t
heoc
cupa
tiona
l ana
lysi
s m
etho
dolo
gy,
the
stan
dard
s va
lidat
ion
inst
rum
ent,
and
form
ats
for
the
dem
onst
ratio
nac
tiviti
es in
add
ition
to th
eir s
uppo
rt in
othe
r ke
y ph
ases
of t
he s
tand
ards
deve
lopm
ent.
Par
ticul
ar th
anks
toJu
dith
Lef
f, Jo
yce
Mal
yn-S
mith
,an
d A
ndre
a P
erra
ult o
f ED
C.
We
wou
ld a
lso
like
to a
ckno
wle
dge
the
cont
ribut
ion
of M
arcu
s Li
eber
man
of
Res
pons
ive
Met
hodo
logy
as
the
exte
rnal
eva
luat
or fo
r th
e pr
ojec
t.
The
Com
mun
ityS
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds:
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
Skill
Sta
ndar
ds f
or D
irec
t Ser
vice
Wor
kers
in th
e H
uman
Ser
vice
s
Edi
tors
:
Mar
iann
e T
aylo
r
Val
erie
Bra
dley
Ral
ph W
arre
n, J
r.
67
Ack
now
ledg
men
ts
Thi
s pu
blic
atio
n re
flec
ts th
e co
ntri
butio
ns o
f a
vast
netw
ork
of c
olle
ague
s an
d fr
iend
s. W
e ar
e de
eply
inde
bted
to th
ese
pers
ons
for
thei
r w
isdo
m a
nd a
ssis
-
tanc
e. T
he p
roje
ct s
taff
als
o w
ish
to r
ecog
nize
Pam
Kra
mer
for
her
met
icul
ous
prep
arat
ion
of th
e m
anu-
scri
pt a
nd h
er g
uidi
ng v
isio
n.
Thi
s pu
blic
atio
n w
as d
evel
oped
with
the
supp
ort o
f th
e
Off
ice
of V
ocat
iona
l and
Adu
lt E
duca
tion,
U.S
. Dep
art-
men
t of
Edu
catio
n, g
rant
num
ber
#V24
4B30
008-
95.
Perm
issi
on to
use
or
repr
oduc
e po
rtio
ns o
f th
is d
ocu-
men
t is
gran
ted
for
not-
for-
prof
it or
gani
zatio
ns f
or
educ
atio
nal a
nd r
esea
rch
purp
oses
onl
y. F
or o
ther
purp
oses
, ple
ase
requ
est p
erm
issi
on in
wri
ting
from
the
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Stan
dard
s Pr
ojec
t,
Hum
an S
ervi
ces
Res
earc
h In
stitu
te.
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Stan
dard
s Pr
ojec
t was
cond
ucte
d in
acc
orda
nce
with
Titl
e V
I of
the
Civ
il
Rig
hts
Act
of
1964
that
sta
tes:
"N
o pe
rson
in th
e U
nit-
ed S
tate
s sh
all o
n th
e gr
ound
of
race
, col
or, o
r na
tiona
l
orig
in, b
e ex
clud
ed f
rom
par
ticip
atio
n in
, be
deni
ed
bene
fits
of,
or
be s
ubje
cted
to d
iscr
imin
atio
n un
der
any
prog
ram
or
activ
ity r
ecei
ving
fed
eral
fin
anci
al
assi
stan
ce."
and
with
Titl
e IX
of
the
Edu
catio
n A
men
d-
men
ts o
f 19
72 th
at s
tate
s: "
No
pers
on in
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es s
hall,
on
the
basi
s of
sex
, be
excl
uded
fro
m p
ar-
ticip
atio
n un
der
any
educ
atio
n pr
ogra
m o
r ac
tivity
rece
ivin
g fe
dera
l fin
anci
al a
ssis
tanc
e."
8
Dis
clai
mer
Act
iviti
es o
f th
e C
omm
unity
Sup
port
Ski
ll St
anda
rds
Proj
ect,
whi
le f
unde
d by
the
U.S
. Dep
artm
ent o
f E
du-
catio
n, d
o no
t nec
essa
rily
rep
rese
nt th
e vi
ews
or p
oli-
cies
of
this
age
ncy.
It i
s al
so im
port
ant t
o st
ate
that
proj
ect s
taff
and
oth
ers
who
ass
iste
d w
ith th
e de
velo
p-
men
t of
thes
e st
anda
rds
are
not r
espo
nsib
le f
or le
arne
r
outc
omes
or
wor
ker
perf
orm
ance
whe
re th
ese
stan
-
dard
s w
here
use
d ei
ther
to e
duca
te le
arne
rs o
r w
ork-
ers
or to
app
rais
e or
ass
ess
perf
orm
ance
.
Cop
yrig
ht ©
199
6 H
uman
Ser
vice
s R
esea
rch
Inst
itute
,
All
righ
ts r
eser
ved.
9
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds:
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
kill
Stan
dard
s fo
r D
irec
t Ser
vice
Wor
kers
in th
e H
uman
Ser
vice
s
CO
NT
EN
TS
1IN
TR
OD
UC
TIO
N54
Adv
ocac
y
2G
oals
of
the
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
57V
ocat
iona
l, E
duca
tion
& C
aree
r Su
ppor
tSt
anda
rds
Proj
ect
60C
risi
s In
terv
entio
n5
Why
do
we
need
ski
ll st
anda
rds
in h
uman
serv
ices
?62
Org
aniz
atio
nal P
artic
ipat
ion
9W
hat i
s co
mm
unity
sup
port
wor
k?67
Doc
umen
tatio
n
14H
ow w
ere
the
stan
dard
s de
velo
ped?
71A
PP
EN
DIC
ES
16In
trod
uctio
n to
ski
ll st
anda
rds
71A
ppen
dix
A: T
echn
ical
Com
mitt
ee
18W
hat a
re th
e ne
xt s
teps
?72
App
endi
x B
: Pro
ject
Par
ticip
ants
21S
KIL
L S
TA
ND
AR
DS
76A
ppen
dix
C: D
irec
t Sup
port
Wor
k:V
alue
s an
d V
isio
n21
Part
icip
ant E
mpo
wer
men
t
26C
omm
unic
atio
n78
App
endi
x D
: Kno
wle
dge
and
Attr
ibut
es R
elat
edto
Eff
ectiv
e C
omm
unity
-Bas
ed S
uppo
rt W
ork
29A
sses
smen
t80
App
endi
x E
: Hum
an S
ervi
ce E
duca
tion
35C
omm
unity
& S
ervi
ce N
etw
orki
ngSu
rvey
Res
ults
40Fa
cilit
atio
n of
Ser
vice
s84
App
endi
x F:
Ski
ll St
anda
rd
45C
omm
unity
Liv
ing
Skill
s &
Sup
port
Impl
emen
tatio
n Si
tes
51E
duca
tion,
Tra
inin
g &
Sel
f-D
evel
opm
ent
85R
EFE
RE
NC
ES
10
eorz
.1\
, TS
IIKE
ILC
LOS
TM
AM
NU
DN
AIR
TY
DS
SU
PP
OR
T
Aai
gT
ools
for
Man
agin
g C
hang
ean
d A
chie
ving
Out
com
es
Skill
Sta
ndar
ds f
or D
irec
t Ser
vice
Wor
kers
in th
e H
uman
Ser
vice
s
Intr
oduc
tion
The
pri
mar
y pu
rpos
es o
f th
e C
omm
unity
Supp
ort S
kill
Stan
dard
s Pr
ojec
t, fu
nded
by
the
U.S
. Dep
artm
ent o
f E
duca
tion,
are
to f
oste
rth
e ad
optio
n of
nat
iona
l, vo
lunt
ary
skill
stan
dard
s fo
r di
rect
ser
vice
wor
kers
, to
incr
ease
bot
h ho
rizo
ntal
and
ver
tical
car
eer
oppo
rtun
ities
for
hum
an s
ervi
ce p
erso
nnel
,an
d to
cre
ate
a fo
unda
tion
for
a na
tiona
llyre
cogn
ized
, vol
unta
ry c
ertif
icat
ion
of d
irec
tse
rvic
es p
ract
ition
ers.
The
pro
ject
is b
ased
on
the
assu
mpt
ion
that
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f sk
illst
anda
rds
in th
e hu
man
ser
vice
fie
ld is
a c
riti-
cal s
tep
tow
ard
stre
ngth
enin
g ed
ucat
iona
l and
trai
ning
pro
gram
s, im
prov
ing
resp
onsi
vene
ssto
ser
vice
par
ticip
ants
, inc
reas
ing
the
mar
ket-
abili
ty o
f w
orke
rs, a
nd e
nhan
cing
the
effe
ctiv
e-ne
ss a
nd q
ualit
y of
ser
vice
s.H
uman
ser
vice
wor
kers
who
hav
e pa
rtic
i-pa
ted
in th
e pr
ojec
t hav
e be
en u
nani
mou
s in
12
0
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
thei
r de
sire
for
gre
ater
rec
ogni
tion
of th
eir
com
-m
itmen
t and
exp
ertis
e, th
e op
port
unity
toex
pand
and
enr
ich
thei
r sk
ills,
and
a le
vel o
fco
mpe
nsat
ion
that
will
mak
e it
poss
ible
for
them
to m
ake
a ca
reer
in th
e fi
eld.
The
y al
sosu
ppor
t the
con
cept
of
reco
gniz
ing
expe
rt w
ork-
ers
by o
ffer
ing
a vo
lunt
ary
cert
ific
ate
of m
aste
ryto
thos
e w
orke
rs w
ho h
ave
dem
onst
rate
d co
m-
pete
nce
in s
kills
suc
h as
thos
e de
scri
bed
in T
heC
omm
unity
Sup
port
Ski
ll St
anda
rds.
Suc
hre
cogn
ition
will
hel
p sh
ape
care
er p
aths
by
defi
ning
the
benc
hmar
ks o
f di
rect
ser
vice
exc
el-
lenc
e, w
hile
impr
ovin
g th
e st
abili
ty a
nd q
ualit
yof
sup
port
s pr
ovid
ed to
peo
ple
in n
eed.
Hum
an s
ervi
ces
wor
kers
who
hav
e pa
r-tic
ipat
ed in
the
proj
ect
have
bee
n un
anim
ous
in th
eir
desi
re fo
rgr
eate
r re
cogn
ition
of
thei
r co
mm
itmen
t and
expe
rtis
e.
13
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
The
ski
lls s
tand
ards
mov
emen
t is
prem
ised
on th
e as
sum
ptio
n th
at
wor
kfor
ce p
erfo
rman
ce
has
suffe
red
beca
use
of
a la
ck o
f com
mun
icat
ion
amon
g ed
ucat
ors,
empl
oyer
s, a
nd w
orke
rs
rega
rdin
g th
e ch
arac
ter
and
requ
irem
ents
of
spec
ific
occu
patio
ns
and
the
cont
empo
rary
wor
k pl
ace.
page
2
I. G
oals
of
the
Com
mun
itySu
ppor
t Ski
ll St
anda
rds
Proj
ect
Nat
iona
l Con
text
Am
eric
an b
usin
ess
and
indu
stry
lead
ers
are
join
-in
g w
ith e
duca
tors
nat
iona
lly to
for
ge a
new
and
vita
l par
tner
ship
to e
nhan
ce th
e pr
epar
atio
n of
wor
kers
in th
e U
nite
d St
ates
for
the
chal
leng
esth
ey w
ill f
ace
in th
e gl
obal
eco
nom
y of
the
21st
Cen
tury
. At t
he c
ore
of th
is p
artn
ersh
ip is
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f a
syst
em o
f na
tiona
l, vo
lunt
ary,
skill
sta
ndar
ds th
at a
rtic
ulat
e w
hat w
orke
rs n
eed
to k
now
and
do
in th
e co
ntem
pora
ry A
mer
ican
wor
k pl
ace.
Unt
il no
w, t
he U
nite
d St
ates
has
been
the
only
indu
stri
aliz
ed c
ount
ry in
the
wor
ldw
ithou
t a s
yste
m o
f na
tiona
l ski
ll st
anda
rds.
Und
er th
e le
ader
ship
of
the
Clin
ton
Adm
inis
tra-
tion,
a d
iver
se r
ange
of
natio
nal s
tand
ards
has
emer
ged
from
pro
ject
s fu
nded
by
the
U.S
.D
epar
tmen
ts o
f E
duca
tion
and
Lab
or a
nd a
Nat
iona
l Ski
ll St
anda
rds
Boa
rd h
as b
een
esta
blis
hed
to c
ultiv
ate
and
exte
nd th
is n
atio
nal
syst
em o
f st
anda
rds.
The
ski
lls s
tand
ards
mov
emen
t is
prem
ised
on
the
assu
mpt
ion
that
wor
kfor
ce p
erfo
rman
ce h
assu
ffer
ed b
ecau
se o
f a
lack
of
com
mun
icat
ion
amon
g ed
ucat
ors,
em
ploy
ers,
and
wor
kers
rega
rdin
g th
e ch
arac
ter
and
requ
irem
ents
of
spe-
cifi
c oc
cupa
tions
and
the
cont
empo
rary
wor
kpl
ace.
As
a re
sult,
stu
dent
s an
d w
orke
rs h
ave
been
left
on
thei
r ow
n to
inte
grat
e th
eir
acad
em-
ic tr
aini
ng w
ith th
e de
man
ds o
f pa
rtic
ular
jobs
,fr
eque
ntly
fin
ding
a p
oor
fit b
etw
een
wha
t the
yw
ere
taug
ht a
nd w
hat t
hey
mus
t kno
w a
nd d
o to
exce
l in
chos
en c
aree
rs. T
his
failu
re h
as b
oth
cons
trai
ned
natio
nal p
rodu
ctiv
ity a
nd s
ente
nced
youn
g pe
ople
with
out a
dvan
ced
degr
ees
to d
ead-
end
jobs
; the
se p
robl
ems
beca
me
evid
ent a
sch
ange
s in
the
econ
omy
have
take
n pl
ace
over
the
past
dec
ade
(Am
eric
a's
Cho
ice:
Hig
h Sk
ill o
rL
ow W
ages
,199
0, G
ardn
er, D
avid
P. e
t. al
. 198
3).
Spec
ific
ally
, int
ensi
ve g
loba
l eco
nom
ic c
ompe
ti-tiv
enes
s an
d th
e ch
angi
ng n
atur
e of
wor
k cr
eate
dde
man
ds f
or w
orke
rs p
repa
red
to s
olve
pro
blem
s,co
llabo
rate
in te
ams,
and
mas
ter
new
tech
nolo
-gi
esde
man
ds th
at n
eith
er e
duca
tors
nor
empl
oyer
s w
ere
fully
abl
e to
mee
t (C
arne
vale
and
Porr
o 19
94).
Pois
ed a
t the
cen
ter
of tw
o m
ajor
pol
icy
initi
ativ
es, e
duca
tiona
l ref
orm
and
wor
k fo
rce
deve
lopm
ent,
the
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Stan
dard
s Pr
ojec
t and
the
othe
r na
tiona
l ski
llst
anda
rds
proj
ects
(re
pres
entin
g 21
oth
er m
ajor
Am
eric
an in
dust
ries
) ar
e cr
eatin
g a
cruc
ial
brid
ge b
etw
een
the
com
pete
ncie
s ne
eded
in th
ew
orkp
lace
and
the
know
ledg
e an
d sk
ills
taug
ht in
scho
ol. T
he s
hare
d go
als
of th
ese
uniq
ue b
ut
15
rela
ted
skill
sta
ndar
ds p
roje
cts
incl
ude
the
follo
win
g:
com
mun
icat
ing
the
requ
irem
ents
of
the
mod
-er
n w
orkp
lace
;
prom
otin
g hi
gh-p
erfo
rman
ce w
orkp
lace
prac
tices
to im
prov
e th
e qu
ality
of
good
s an
dse
rvic
es;
faci
litat
ing
lifel
ong
lear
ning
to r
aise
wor
kfor
cesk
ills
whi
ch w
ill in
crea
se w
orke
r se
curi
ty a
ndm
obili
ty w
ithin
the
labo
r m
arke
t; an
d
impr
ovin
g th
e qu
ality
and
acc
ount
abili
ty o
fed
ucat
ion
and
trai
ning
pro
gram
s to
bet
ter
pre-
pare
peo
ple
for
wor
k. (
Gan
zgla
ss a
nd S
imon
,19
95)
Bui
ldin
g a
Coa
litio
n
For
any
set o
f sk
ill s
tand
ards
to f
ully
des
crib
e a
part
icul
ar o
ccup
atio
n an
d to
be
acce
pted
and
appl
ied
on a
nat
iona
l bas
is, t
he d
evel
opm
ent o
fth
e st
anda
rds
mus
t be
a co
llabo
rativ
e ef
fort
. To
this
end
, pro
ject
sta
ff a
ssem
bled
a b
road
con
sor-
tium
of
part
ners
rep
rese
ntin
g em
ploy
ers,
labo
r,pr
ofes
sion
al a
ssoc
iatio
ns a
nd c
onsu
mer
and
fam
-ily
org
aniz
atio
ns (
Lis
ted
in A
ppen
dix
A).
Thi
ste
am, t
he T
echn
ical
Com
mitt
ee, g
uide
d th
ede
velo
pmen
t, va
lidat
ion
and
impl
emen
tatio
n of
the
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Stan
dard
s.
16
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
Dev
elop
ing
Sta
ndar
ds fo
rH
uman
Ser
vice
Pra
ctiti
oner
s
To
ensu
re th
at th
e co
nten
t of
thes
e st
anda
rds
isre
leva
nt to
the
grea
t var
iety
of
dire
ct s
ervi
cero
les
in th
e va
st f
ield
of
hum
an s
ervi
ces,
they
are
aim
ed a
t tho
se e
ssen
tial a
ctiv
ities
that
all
dire
ctse
rvic
e jo
bs h
ave
in c
omm
on a
cros
s th
e co
mpl
exla
ndsc
ape
of h
uman
ser
vice
wor
k se
tting
s an
dpo
pula
tions
.
By
iden
tifyi
ng th
is c
omm
on s
kill
set,
the
stan
dard
s pr
ovid
e a
man
agea
ble
fram
ewor
k fo
red
ucat
ors
and
trai
ners
who
are
atte
mpt
ing
tode
velo
p a
gene
ral h
uman
ser
vice
cur
ricu
lum
that
is b
oth
rele
vant
to a
wid
e ra
nge
of p
oten
tial
dire
ct s
ervi
ce r
oles
and
rob
ust i
n co
nten
t and
dept
h. T
his
appr
oach
als
o fi
ts th
e ne
eds
of th
enu
mer
ous
and
vari
ed p
ublic
and
pri
vate
ser
vice
prov
ider
s w
ho w
ant a
trai
ned
and
capa
ble
wor
kfo
rce
to f
ill th
e va
riet
y of
dir
ect s
uppo
rt r
oles
need
ed th
roug
hout
the
serv
ice
syst
em. F
or s
uch
serv
ice
prov
ider
s, th
e ge
nera
list c
onte
nt o
f th
eC
omm
unity
Sup
port
Ski
ll St
anda
rds
repr
esen
tsa
cost
eff
ectiv
e, "
stat
e of
the
art"
edu
catio
nal
fram
ewor
k w
ith th
e st
reng
th o
f na
tiona
l col
lab-
orat
ion
and
valid
atio
n.
17
The
dev
elop
men
t of
the
stan
dard
s m
ust b
e
a co
llabo
rativ
e ef
fort
.
To
this
end
, pro
ject
staf
f ass
embl
ed a
broa
d co
nsor
tium
of
part
ners
rep
rese
ntin
g
empl
oyer
s, la
bor,
prof
essi
onal
asso
ciat
ions
and
cons
umer
and
fam
ily
orga
niza
tions
.
page
3
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
For
the
first
tim
e,
the
skill
s, k
now
ledg
e
and
attr
ibut
es a
t the
hear
t of h
uman
ser
vice
prac
tice
have
bee
n
desc
ribed
, thu
s be
gin-
ning
the
cons
truc
tion
of a
pro
fess
iona
l
occu
patio
n.
page
4
Sup
port
ing
the
Impl
emen
tatio
n of
the
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
Skill
sta
ndar
ds a
lone
will
not
ens
ure
com
pete
n-cy
, the
y m
ust b
e tr
ansl
ated
into
curr
icul
a th
atef
fect
ivel
y su
ppor
ts le
arne
rs in
mas
teri
ng th
ere
quis
ite s
tand
ards
. For
this
rea
son,
pro
ject
sta
ffha
ve d
evel
oped
com
plem
enta
ry s
trat
egie
s an
dac
tiviti
es th
at w
ill m
ake
the
stan
dard
s m
ore
acce
ssib
le a
nd r
elev
ant t
o a
prac
tice
cont
ext.
To
faci
litat
e th
eir
appl
icat
ion,
the
stan
dard
s ha
vebe
en a
pplie
d in
fou
r di
ffer
ent d
emon
stra
tion
trai
ning
set
tings
in o
rder
to e
xplo
re th
eed
ucat
iona
l res
ourc
es th
at w
ill b
e re
quir
ed to
supp
ort m
aste
ry. T
he le
sson
s le
arne
d in
thes
ede
mon
stra
tions
, alo
ng w
ith th
e co
llect
ive
wis
dom
of a
pro
ject
task
for
ce m
ade
up o
f ex
peri
ence
ded
ucat
ors
and
trai
ners
will
be
synt
hesi
zed
in a
guid
eboo
k fo
r ed
ucat
ors
and
trai
ners
that
will
be
avai
labl
e by
the
clos
e of
the
proj
ect i
n 19
96. A
prot
otyp
e of
a c
ompu
ter-
base
d re
sour
ce g
uide
that
org
aniz
es e
duca
tiona
l mat
eria
ls r
elat
ed to
som
e of
the
stan
dard
s in
a h
yper
-tex
tfor
mat
will
also
be
prod
uced
. Thi
s pr
otot
ype
can
be u
sed
byed
ucat
ors
as a
mod
el f
or u
sing
the
Com
mun
itySu
ppor
t Ski
ll St
anda
rds
to s
hape
com
pete
ncy-
base
d ed
ucat
ion
and
trai
ning
cur
ricu
lum
.
18
Cre
atin
g C
aree
r P
athw
ays
for
Hum
anS
ervi
ce P
ract
ition
ers
Des
pite
the
vita
l soc
ieta
l con
trib
utio
n of
hum
anse
rvic
e w
orke
rs, a
nd th
e ve
ry c
ompl
ex a
nd p
er-
sona
l nat
ure
of th
eir
wor
k, th
e hu
man
ser
vice
prac
titio
ner
has
not b
een
reco
gniz
ed a
s a
prof
es-
sion
al in
this
cou
ntry
. As
a re
sult,
ther
e ar
e in
ad-
equa
te e
duca
tiona
l and
trai
ning
opp
ortu
nitie
sav
aila
ble
to th
ose
inte
rest
ed in
hum
an s
ervi
cew
ork,
and
littl
e at
tent
ion
paid
to s
uppo
rtin
gth
ese
wor
kers
to p
ursu
e a
care
er in
dir
ect s
ervi
ceor
one
of
the
man
y ot
her
rew
ardi
ng c
aree
rpat
hsav
aila
ble
in th
e fi
eld.
Thi
s pr
ojec
t tak
es th
e fi
rst s
tep
tow
ard
stim
ulat
-in
g re
cogn
ition
of
dire
ct s
ervi
ce w
ork
as a
pro
fes-
sion
al o
ccup
atio
n. F
or th
e fi
rst t
ime,
the
skill
s,kn
owle
dge
and
attr
ibut
es a
t the
hea
rt o
f hu
man
serv
ice
prac
tice
have
bee
n de
scri
bed,
thus
beg
in-
ning
the
cons
truc
tion
of a
pro
fess
iona
l occ
upa-
tion
(Nel
sen,
J. a
nd B
arle
y, S
., 19
93).
The
col
lab-
orat
ive
natu
re o
f th
is p
roje
ct h
as e
nabl
ed s
taff
tore
ach
out t
o th
ousa
nds
of w
orke
rs, e
mpl
oyer
s,ed
ucat
ors
and
trai
ners
to b
egin
a n
atio
nal
dial
ogue
abo
ut th
e ad
vanc
emen
t of
the
dire
ctse
rvic
e ro
le th
at, h
opef
ully
, will
con
tinue
long
afte
r th
is p
roje
ct h
as e
nded
.
The
ski
ll st
anda
rds
high
light
ed in
the
follo
win
gpa
ges
are
spec
ific
ally
des
igne
d fo
r ap
plic
atio
n in
19
the
hum
an s
ervi
ces,
an
expa
ndin
g an
d ev
olvi
ngoc
cupa
tiona
l fie
ld, a
nd o
ne th
at w
ill s
urel
y be
ne-
fit f
rom
the
com
preh
ensi
ve a
ppro
ach
to tr
aini
ngan
d pr
actic
e an
ticip
ated
by
the
skill
sta
ndar
dsm
ovem
ent.
As
an in
trod
uctio
n to
the
skill
s st
an-
dard
s th
emse
lves
, the
fol
low
ing
sect
ions
out
line
the
ratio
nale
for
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f sk
ills
stan
-da
rds
in h
uman
ser
vice
, the
pro
cess
app
lied
tode
velo
p th
e sk
ill s
tand
ards
, the
fra
mew
ork
used
to d
efin
e th
e oc
cupa
tion
and
the
com
pete
ncie
s,an
d th
e po
licy
impl
icat
ions
of
the
skill
sst
anda
rds
in h
uman
ser
vice
.
20
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
IL W
hy d
o w
e ne
ed s
kill
stan
dard
s in
hum
an s
ervi
ces?
Hum
an s
ervi
ce w
ork
is in
the
mid
st o
f pr
ofou
ndch
ange
. Inc
reas
ingl
y pe
ople
who
nee
d sh
ort t
erm
assi
stan
ce o
r lo
ng te
rm c
are
are
livin
g an
dre
ceiv
ing
assi
stan
ce in
thei
r lo
cal c
omm
uniti
esas
opp
osed
to la
rge
inst
itutio
nal s
ettin
gs o
r in
high
ly c
entr
aliz
ed lo
catio
ns. M
oreo
ver,
as
peop
lew
ith s
uppo
rt n
eeds
hav
e so
ught
em
pow
erm
ent
and
part
ners
hip
with
thei
r su
ppor
ters
and
car
e-gi
vers
, the
y ar
e re
defi
ning
the
cont
ours
of
help
-in
g se
rvic
es. F
urth
er, a
s co
ntem
pora
ry A
mer
ican
life
beco
mes
incr
easi
ngly
com
plex
, and
fam
ilytie
s ar
e lo
osen
ed b
y di
stan
ce a
nd w
ork
resp
onsi
-bi
litie
s, th
ere
is a
nee
d fo
r an
incr
ease
d nu
mbe
ran
d ar
ray
of f
orm
al h
uman
ser
vice
s to
sup
ple-
men
t the
trad
ition
al s
uppo
rts
hist
oric
ally
pro
-vi
ded
by e
xten
ded
fam
ily a
nd c
omm
uniti
es.
With
in th
is e
xpan
ding
and
div
erse
com
mun
itysu
ppor
t sys
tem
, hum
an s
ervi
ce w
orke
rs a
refo
und
in a
mul
titud
e of
uni
que
setti
ngs
serv
ing
peop
le w
ith a
wid
e va
riet
y of
pro
blem
s in
clud
ing:
pove
rty,
une
mpl
oym
ent,
subs
tanc
e ab
use,
chi
ldab
use,
chr
onic
illn
ess,
dom
estic
vio
lenc
e, h
ome-
less
ness
, the
cha
lleng
es o
f ag
ing,
and
phy
sica
l,em
otio
nal o
r co
gniti
ve d
isab
ilitie
s. T
hese
serv
ices
are
bei
ng c
oord
inat
ed a
nd p
rovi
ded
byst
aff
with
div
erse
bac
kgro
unds
and
leve
ls o
f
Wo.
As
peop
le w
ith s
uppo
rt
need
s ha
ve s
ough
t
empo
wer
men
t and
part
ners
hip
with
thei
r
supp
orte
rs a
nd
care
give
rs, t
hey
are
rede
finin
g th
e co
ntou
rs
of h
elpi
ng s
ervi
ces.
21pa
ge 5
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
The
Bur
eau
of L
abor
Sta
tistic
s (K
ilbor
n,
1994
) pr
ojec
ts a
136
%
incr
ease
in th
e nu
mbe
r
of h
uman
ser
vice
wor
kers
and
a 1
20%
incr
ease
in p
erso
nal
and
hom
e ca
re a
ides
by
the
year
200
5.
page
6
expe
rtis
e w
hose
rol
es a
re in
crea
sing
ly c
ompl
exan
d de
man
ding
, eve
n as
sup
ervi
sion
dim
inis
hes
due
to d
ecen
tral
izat
ion
of w
ork
site
s an
d fl
atte
n-in
g of
adm
inis
trat
ive
hier
arch
ies.
The
se f
acto
rs h
ave
prof
ound
impl
icat
ions
for
the
body
of
know
ledg
e an
d ra
nge
of s
kills
nec
essa
ryto
be
an e
ffec
tive
com
mun
ity b
ased
hum
an s
er-
vice
wor
ker
and
for
trai
ners
and
edu
cato
rsch
arge
d w
ith p
repa
ring
hum
an s
ervi
ce w
orke
rs.
Wor
kfor
ce C
hara
cter
istic
s
The
Bur
eau
of L
abor
Sta
tistic
s (K
ilbor
n, 1
994)
proj
ects
a 1
36%
incr
ease
in th
e nu
mbe
r of
hum
an s
ervi
ce w
orke
rs a
nd a
120
% in
crea
se in
pers
onal
and
hom
e ca
re a
ides
by
the
year
200
5.In
the
rela
ted
fiel
d of
hea
lth c
are,
the
pred
icte
dde
man
d fo
r ho
me
heal
th a
ides
will
soa
r fr
om82
7,00
0 by
the
year
200
5 co
mpa
red
with
347,
000
in 1
992
a 13
8% in
crea
se. T
hese
num
bers
str
ongl
y in
dica
te th
at th
e hu
man
serv
ice
fiel
d, o
ver
the
next
dec
ade,
will
be
in a
nin
tens
e co
mpe
titio
n fo
r sc
arce
per
sonn
el a
t the
entr
y le
vel.
Bas
ed o
n st
udie
s of
the
hum
an s
ervi
ce w
orkf
orce
(Lar
son,
Hew
itt &
Lak
in, 1
993)
, dir
ect s
uppo
rtst
aff
in th
e de
velo
pmen
tal d
isab
ilitie
s se
ctor
are
pred
omin
antly
whi
te f
emal
es, w
ith li
mite
d po
stse
cond
ary
educ
atio
n be
twee
n th
e ag
es o
f 18
and
22
34 y
ears
. The
se d
emog
raph
ics
pose
par
ticul
arpr
oble
ms
for
empl
oyer
s an
d th
ose
who
rel
y on
thes
e w
orke
rs, s
ince
the
prop
ortio
n of
the
US
popu
latio
n in
this
age
ran
ge, 1
8-34
, is
expe
cted
to d
rop
19%
in th
is d
ecad
e. F
urth
er, t
houg
h it
is e
xpec
ted
that
mor
e w
omen
will
join
the
wor
k-fo
rce
over
the
next
dec
ade,
mos
t of
the
incr
ease
will
be
in p
rofe
ssio
nal p
ositi
ons.
In 1
987,
the
num
ber
of e
mpl
oyee
s pr
ovid
ing
dire
ct c
are
to p
erso
ns w
ith m
enta
l ret
arda
tion
inco
mm
unity
-bas
ed r
esid
entia
l set
tings
alo
ne(e
xclu
ding
thos
e pr
ovid
ing
trea
tmen
t and
serv
ices
in in
stitu
tiona
l set
tings
and
in d
ay a
ndot
her
serv
ices
) w
as e
stim
ated
at 1
20,0
00 f
ull
time
equi
vale
nt p
ositi
ons;
80,
000
of th
ese
posi
-tio
ns w
ere
held
by
pers
ons
with
out c
olle
gede
gree
s (L
akin
198
7). S
imila
rly,
res
earc
hsu
gges
ts th
at a
s m
uch
as 8
0% o
f di
rect
car
e fo
rpe
rson
s w
ith s
ever
e m
enta
l illn
ess
is p
rovi
ded
byge
nera
lists
and
par
apro
fess
iona
ls (
incl
udin
g in
di-
vidu
als
with
bac
helo
r's d
egre
es)
(DH
HS,
198
0).
Furt
her,
the
entr
y le
vel w
orkf
orce
is m
ore
ethn
i-ca
lly a
nd c
ultu
rally
div
erse
pre
sent
ing
empl
oyer
sw
ith th
e ch
alle
nge
of m
anag
ing
a m
ore
hete
roge
-ne
ous
wor
kfor
ce. A
lso,
as
is th
e ca
se in
oth
erin
dust
ries
, the
abi
lity
to u
nder
stan
d an
d us
e a
rang
e of
tech
nolo
gy is
bec
omin
g a
mor
e im
por-
tant
attr
ibut
e am
ong
dire
ct s
uppo
rt s
taff
inhu
man
ser
vice
s. S
uch
tech
nolo
gica
l com
pete
n-
23.
cies
will
incl
ude
the
abili
ty to
wor
k w
ith c
ompu
t-er
s as
wel
l as
with
a r
ange
of
adap
tive
devi
ces
deve
lope
d to
enh
ance
com
mun
icat
ion
and
mob
ility
.
Giv
en th
ese
chal
leng
es, e
duca
tion,
indu
stry
and
gove
rnm
ent w
ill n
eed
to c
olla
bora
te in
the
rede
fi-
nitio
n an
d re
desi
gn o
f ed
ucat
iona
l and
trai
ning
prog
ram
s, th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
wor
kfor
ce in
cen-
tives
suc
h as
cer
tific
atio
n of
ski
ll an
d kn
owle
dge,
and
the
crea
tion,
exp
ansi
on a
nd im
prov
emen
t of
targ
eted
trai
ning
and
edu
catio
n at
the
pre-
bacc
alau
reat
e le
vel.
Cha
nges
in H
uman
Ser
vice
Rol
es in
the
Nex
t Dec
ade
Cha
nges
in th
e fo
cus
and
locu
s of
ser
vice
sha
ve a
lso
crea
ted
mor
e de
cent
raliz
ed w
ork
site
s.Im
plem
enta
tion
of s
uppo
rts
in h
omes
, wor
k-pl
aces
, sch
ools
and
com
mun
ities
req
uire
that
staf
f w
ork
in s
catte
red
and
som
etim
es is
olat
edse
tting
s. A
s a
cons
eque
nce,
the
natu
re o
f th
ew
ork
will
als
o ch
ange
. Ins
tead
of
bein
g pa
rt o
f a
top-
dow
n, r
ule-
base
d st
ruct
ure,
sta
ff w
ill m
ore
likel
y be
cal
led
on to
mak
e in
depe
nden
tde
cisi
ons,
sol
ve p
robl
ems
and
ente
r in
to a
crea
tive
part
ners
hip
with
ser
vice
par
ticip
ants
. At
the
core
of
this
par
tner
ship
is th
e ab
ility
to a
ssis
tpe
ople
and
thei
r fa
mili
es to
fas
hion
mor
e re
spon
-si
ve a
nd in
divi
dual
ized
sup
port
s by
wea
ving
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
toge
ther
sup
port
s av
aila
ble
from
spe
cial
ized
hum
an s
ervi
ce a
genc
ies,
gen
eric
com
mun
ity s
er-
vice
s an
d pe
rson
al n
etw
orks
of
supp
ort.
Staf
f of
new
sup
port
org
aniz
atio
ns m
ust t
here
fore
have
cap
abili
ties
that
are
dif
fere
nt in
cha
ract
erth
an th
ose
that
are
taug
ht in
trad
ition
alpr
ogra
ms.
Som
e of
thes
e qu
aliti
es h
ave
been
iden
tifie
d by
the
Fam
ily E
mpo
wer
men
t Pro
ject
at C
orne
ll U
nive
rsity
for
peo
ple
enga
ged
inge
neri
c fa
mily
sup
port
(C
ochr
an, 1
990)
. The
yal
so r
epre
sent
the
com
pete
ncie
s th
at w
ill b
ere
quir
ed to
sup
port
peo
ple
in th
eir
hom
es, a
tw
ork,
and
in th
eir
com
mun
ities
.
Abi
lity
and
com
mitm
ent t
o id
entif
y st
reng
ths
in p
eopl
e an
d gr
oups
;
Gen
uine
res
pect
for
div
erse
per
spec
tives
and
life
styl
es;
A c
apac
ity to
list
en a
nd r
efle
ct;
An
abili
ty to
sub
ordi
nate
one
's o
wn
ego
(to
put
one'
s se
lf a
side
in th
e in
tere
st o
f th
e gr
oup)
;
Skill
and
cre
ativ
ity in
hel
ping
peo
ple
beco
me
mor
e aw
are
and
conf
iden
t of
thei
r ow
nab
ilitie
s;
App
reci
atio
n of
whe
n to
ste
p ba
ck a
nd th
e ab
il-ity
to h
elp
the
indi
vidu
al o
r gr
oup
assu
me
deci
-si
on-m
akin
g an
d ac
tion;
Sta
ff w
ill m
ore
likel
y
be c
alle
d on
to m
ake
inde
pend
ent d
ecis
ions
,
solv
e pr
oble
ms
and
ente
r in
to a
cre
ativ
e
part
ners
hip
with
serv
ice
part
icip
ants
.
25pa
ge 7
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
New
er m
odel
s fo
r
serv
ing
peop
le h
ave
not e
volv
ed a
s a
resu
lt
of fo
rmal
pol
icie
s
with
in s
ervi
ce s
yste
ms,
but f
rom
gra
ss r
oots
effo
rts
to im
prov
e th
e
lives
of i
ndiv
idua
ls.
page
8
Abi
lity
to a
naly
ze p
ower
rel
atio
nshi
ps a
nd h
elp
othe
rs to
do
so;
Kno
wle
dge
abou
t how
to g
ain
acce
ss to
info
rmat
ion;
Abi
lity
to r
efle
ct o
n an
d cr
itici
ze o
ngoi
ngpr
oces
s, in
clud
ing
one'
s ow
n ro
le in
thos
epr
oces
ses.
The
se q
ualit
ies
capt
ure
the
colla
bora
tive
natu
reof
the
emer
ging
sup
port
s ap
proa
ch a
nd f
ocus
on
"fac
ilita
tion"
rat
her
than
on
asse
ssm
ent a
nd p
re-
scri
ptio
n. S
ince
the
new
sup
port
org
aniz
atio
nsw
ill h
ave
to r
ely
in p
art o
n in
divi
dual
s w
ho a
real
read
y pa
rt o
f th
e se
rvic
e sy
stem
and
who
setr
aini
ng m
ay b
e at
odd
s w
ith th
ese
ends
, ret
rain
-in
g at
all
leve
ls w
ill b
e re
quir
ed.
Thi
s re
fram
ed r
ole
iden
tity
also
impl
ies
that
to k
eep
pace
with
the
fiel
d, o
rgan
izat
ions
mus
tre
stru
ctur
e th
emse
lves
to p
erm
it an
d en
cour
age
the
auto
nom
y an
d cr
eativ
ity o
f th
e di
rect
ser
vice
wor
ker.
Sta
tus
of T
rain
ing
Pro
gram
s
Itis
cri
tical
to c
onsi
der
whe
re p
oten
tial w
orke
rsw
ill g
et th
ese
skill
s an
d ho
w e
duca
tors
and
empl
oyer
s ca
n w
ork
toge
ther
to a
ssis
t wor
kers
tom
ake
long
-ter
m c
omm
itmen
ts to
car
eers
inhu
man
ser
vice
. Pre
sent
ly, w
ithin
sec
onda
ry
26
scho
ols
ther
e ar
e vi
rtua
lly n
o op
port
uniti
esfo
r yo
ung
peop
le to
pre
pare
for
occ
upat
ions
inhu
man
ser
vice
. Als
o, w
hile
gov
ernm
ent a
nd p
ri-
vate
pro
vide
rs s
pend
eno
rmou
s su
ms
of m
oney
on w
orkf
orce
trai
ning
, ver
y fe
w o
f th
ese
trai
ning
oppo
rtun
ities
con
fer
cred
its to
war
d a
cert
ific
ate
or d
egre
e st
atus
.
Furt
her,
the
skill
s re
quir
ed o
f co
mm
unity
supp
ort w
orke
rs a
re n
ot th
e pr
ovin
ce o
f an
ysi
ngle
aca
dem
ic o
r pr
ofes
sion
al d
isci
plin
e. I
nfa
ct, a
s K
noll
and
Rac
ino
(199
4) n
ote,
man
y of
the
new
er m
odel
s fo
r se
rvin
g pe
ople
hav
e no
tev
olve
d as
a r
esul
t of
form
al p
olic
ies
with
in s
er-
vice
sys
tem
s, b
ut f
rom
gra
ss r
oots
eff
orts
toim
prov
e th
e liv
es o
f in
divi
dual
s. M
any
of th
eid
eas
are
alie
n to
pro
fess
iona
l tra
inin
g pr
ogra
ms
and
in-s
ervi
ce tr
aini
ng p
rovi
ded
by f
acili
ty-b
ased
prog
ram
s. A
s a
resu
lt, th
ere
are
few
for
ums
inw
hich
com
mun
ity s
uppo
rt w
orke
rs c
an o
btai
nth
e re
quis
ite s
kills
for
doi
ng th
eir
jobs
.
Add
ition
ally
, of
the
few
pro
gram
s th
at a
re c
ur-
rent
ly tr
aini
ng p
eopl
e fo
r co
mm
unity
sup
port
wor
k, m
any
are
gear
ed to
war
d po
st-g
radu
ate
stud
ents
. Whi
le th
ere
is a
con
tinui
ng n
eed
for
prof
essi
onal
sta
ff w
ith g
radu
ate
leve
l tra
inin
g,ou
r ex
peri
ence
sug
gest
s th
at, c
ompe
tenc
yba
sed
bacc
alau
reat
e an
d pr
e-ba
ccal
aure
ate
prog
ram
spr
epar
e le
arne
rs to
be
effe
ctiv
e an
d co
mpe
tent
inth
e m
ajor
ity o
f co
mm
unity
sup
port
ser
vice
rol
es.
27
The
se p
robl
ems
crea
te a
situ
atio
n w
here
poo
rly
prep
ared
wor
kers
hav
e an
unr
ealis
tic u
nder
-st
andi
ng o
f th
e w
ork,
or
cann
ot m
eet t
heir
job'
sde
man
ds, r
esul
ting
in p
rem
atur
e te
rmin
atio
nan
d hi
gh tu
rnov
er (
Ebe
nste
in a
nd G
oo le
r, 1
994)
.Si
mpl
y st
ated
, with
out m
ore
and
bette
r ed
u-ca
tiona
l opp
ortu
nitie
s fo
r di
rect
ser
vice
s w
ork-
ers,
the
hum
an s
ervi
ce w
ork
forc
e w
ill b
e ho
pe-
less
ly in
adeq
uate
in b
oth
num
bers
and
ski
lls.
28
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
r--.
, IIt.-
Wha
t is
com
mun
itysu
ppor
t wor
k?
The
Con
tem
pora
ry H
uman
Ser
vice
Org
aniz
atio
n
Rec
ogni
zing
that
the
long
term
via
bilit
y of
the
stan
dard
s an
d th
eir
utili
ty in
gui
ding
use
rs to
the
mos
t pro
gres
sive
for
ms
of w
ork,
wou
ld b
e hi
ghly
depe
nden
t on
antic
ipat
ing
the
futu
re d
irec
tion
ofhu
man
ser
vice
s, th
e pr
ojec
t rel
ied
on in
dust
ryad
viso
rs (
the
Tec
hnic
al C
omm
ittee
), c
urre
nt r
e-se
arch
, and
oth
er s
trat
egie
s to
cap
ture
impo
rtan
ttr
ends
. The
ski
ll se
t had
to b
e re
spon
sive
to m
ajor
tran
sfor
mat
ions
in th
e in
dust
ry d
escr
ibed
ear
lier,
incl
udin
g th
e m
ovem
ent a
way
fro
m in
stitu
tiona
len
viro
nmen
ts to
war
d co
mm
unity
bas
ed, d
ecen
-tr
aliz
ed lo
catio
ns a
s a
cont
ext f
or s
ervi
ce d
eliv
-er
y. T
his
ther
efor
e na
rrow
ed th
e sc
ope
of p
roje
ctjo
b an
alys
is to
pot
entia
l wor
k se
tting
s in
com
mu-
nity
bas
ed r
athe
r th
an in
stitu
tiona
l env
iron
men
ts.
Als
o, to
fac
ilita
te th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
prog
ress
ive
stan
dard
s, it
was
nec
essa
ry f
or th
e pr
ojec
t to
cre-
ate
a w
orki
ng d
efin
ition
of
the
char
acte
rist
ics
ofpr
ogre
ssiv
e hu
man
ser
vice
age
ncie
s (b
ased
on
info
rmat
ion
from
Nat
iona
l Cen
ter
on E
duca
tion
and
the
Eco
nom
y an
d D
OL
Off
ice
of W
ork
Bas
edL
earn
ing
and
O'B
rien
and
O'B
rien
, 199
3). T
his
29pa
ge 9
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
page
10
30
defi
nitio
n of
pro
gres
sive
hum
an s
ervi
ce o
rgan
iza-
tions
incl
udes
the
follo
win
g ch
arac
teri
stic
s:
Cha
ract
eris
tics
spec
ific
to h
uman
ser
vice
sor
gani
zatio
ns:
Em
phas
is o
n co
nsum
er e
mpo
wer
men
t(c
usto
mer
-dri
ven)
;
Pres
ence
of
crea
tive,
hol
istic
pla
nnin
g pr
oces
s-es
to a
ssis
t peo
ple
and
fam
ilies
in c
reat
ing
indi
-vi
dual
ized
sup
port
s;
Use
of
an in
tegr
ated
app
roac
h w
here
the
serv
ice
part
icip
ant i
s pe
rcei
ved
and
supp
orte
din
the
cont
ext o
f he
r fa
mily
, fri
ends
and
com
mun
ity;
Exp
licit
mis
sion
and
pri
ncip
les
to g
uide
the
prov
isio
n of
sup
port
;
Em
phas
is o
n th
e st
reng
ths,
gif
ts a
nd p
oten
tial
of p
eopl
e w
ho a
re s
erve
d an
d th
e re
mov
al o
fan
y ba
rrie
rs to
ful
l par
ticip
atio
n an
d in
clus
ion
in s
ocie
ty;
Inve
stm
ent i
n st
aff
deve
lopm
ent a
nd c
ontin
uity
(inv
estin
g in
hum
an c
apita
l);
Dec
entr
aliz
ed a
utho
rity
and
res
pons
ibili
ty w
ithcl
ear
lead
ersh
ip;
Org
aniz
atio
n of
res
ourc
es in
fle
xibl
e w
ays
toen
sure
res
pons
iven
ess
to th
e ev
olvi
nglif
e si
tua-
tions
of
serv
ice
part
icip
ants
;
Gen
eral
cha
ract
eris
tics:
Flat
org
aniz
atio
nal s
truc
ture
;
Cro
ss f
unct
iona
l com
mun
icat
ion;
Inte
grat
ion
of w
ork
as a
who
le jo
b ra
ther
than
disc
rete
task
s;
Com
mun
icat
ion
flow
up
and
dow
n th
e ch
ain
ofco
mm
and;
Enc
oura
gem
ent o
f jo
b fl
exib
ility
and
rot
atio
n;
Supe
rvis
ion
that
em
phas
izes
coa
chin
g ra
ther
than
dis
cipl
ine;
Ope
ness
to c
onfl
ict a
nd d
isag
reem
ent;
An
orga
niza
tiona
l cul
ture
that
em
phas
izes
qual
ity, p
erfo
rman
ce a
nd p
rodu
ctiv
ity.
Thi
s w
orki
ng d
efin
ition
was
cir
cula
ted
to p
roje
ctco
llabo
rato
rs w
ho a
ssis
ted
us in
iden
tifyi
ng w
ork-
ers
to p
artic
ipat
e in
the
job
anal
ysis
pro
ject
phas
e.
31
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rtH
uman
Ser
vice
Pra
ctiti
oner
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Stan
dard
s Pr
ojec
tel
ecte
d to
foc
us o
n cr
eatin
g st
anda
rds
for
the
mos
t pre
vale
nt g
atew
ay o
ccup
atio
n in
the
hum
anse
rvic
es f
ield
, the
dir
ect s
ervi
ce w
orke
r. A
s th
ena
me
impl
ies,
wor
kers
in th
is r
ole
have
the
mos
tdi
rect
res
pons
ibili
ty a
nd c
onta
ct w
ith h
uman
serv
ice
part
icip
ants
and
the
grea
test
impa
ct o
nth
e se
rvic
e ou
tcom
es. W
hile
incu
mbe
nt w
orke
rsin
this
rol
e ha
ve a
wid
e ra
nge
of e
duca
tiona
lba
ckgr
ound
s, a
bac
cala
urea
te d
egre
e is
usu
ally
not a
req
uire
men
t. A
lso,
ther
e ar
e m
ore
wor
kers
in th
e di
rect
ser
vice
cat
egor
y th
an a
ny o
ther
rol
ein
hum
an s
ervi
ces
and
this
rol
e oc
curs
in a
lmos
tev
ery
hum
an s
ervi
ce s
ettin
g th
roug
hout
the
Uni
t-ed
Sta
tes.
The
se c
rite
ria
supp
ort t
he p
roje
ct g
oal
of e
ncom
pass
ing
a br
oadl
y de
fine
d oc
cupa
tiona
lar
ea th
at d
oes
not r
equi
re a
B.A
. deg
ree.
Unt
ilno
w, t
here
hav
e be
en n
o na
tiona
lly d
evel
oped
stan
dard
s fo
r th
is c
ritic
al r
ole.
The
dir
ect s
ervi
ce r
ole
cros
ses
a va
riet
y of
job
title
s an
d di
ffer
s fu
nctio
nally
in s
ome
resp
ects
acro
ss w
ork
setti
ngs
and
popu
latio
ns s
erve
d. T
hepr
ojec
t's in
tent
, how
ever
, was
to e
ngin
eer
a un
i-fi
ed s
et o
f sk
ill s
tand
ards
targ
eted
to th
e co
re o
fsk
ills
com
mon
to a
ll di
rect
ser
vice
wor
kers
rega
rdle
ss o
f th
eir
spec
ific
job
title
, wor
k se
tting
,or
pop
ulat
ion
serv
ed. T
he c
halle
nge
in th
is
32
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
appr
oach
was
to c
aptu
re th
is "
core
occ
upat
ion"
in s
tand
ards
that
are
use
ful t
o a
wid
e ra
nge
ofpo
tent
ial u
sers
whi
le r
emai
ning
rob
ust i
n co
nten
tan
d de
pth.
Thi
s ch
alle
nge,
cou
pled
with
our
antic
ipat
ion
of in
dust
ry tr
ends
, inf
luen
ced
the
type
s of
dir
ect s
ervi
ce o
ccup
atio
ns th
at w
ere
incl
uded
in th
e pr
ojec
t. T
he c
onse
nsus
of
proj
ect
staf
f an
d th
e T
echn
ical
Com
mitt
ee w
as to
excl
ude
from
the
job
anal
ysis
hum
an s
ervi
cero
les
in in
stitu
tiona
l set
tings
, tho
se in
volv
ing
sig-
nifi
cant
adm
inis
trat
ive
task
s, a
nd th
ose
with
ast
rict
ly c
usto
dial
em
phas
is, g
iven
that
the
skill
sne
eded
in th
ese
cont
exts
are
qua
litat
ivel
y di
ffer
-en
t fro
m c
omm
unity
sup
port
wor
k.
The
title
giv
en to
the
core
dir
ect s
ervi
ce o
ccup
a-tio
n is
the
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt H
uman
Ser
vice
Prac
titio
ner
(CSH
SP).
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rtSk
ill S
tand
ards
are
aim
ed a
t tho
se w
orke
rs in
hum
an s
ervi
ce w
ho p
rovi
de d
irec
t hel
p w
ithin
aco
mm
unity
set
ting
to in
divi
dual
s, f
amili
es, o
rgr
oups
of
indi
vidu
als
with
ext
raor
dina
ry s
uppo
rtne
eds.
An
extr
aord
inar
y su
ppor
t nee
d is
def
ined
as a
ny n
eed,
oth
er th
an in
com
e m
aint
enan
ce o
rhe
alth
car
e, th
at c
anno
t be
met
by
avai
labl
e na
t-ur
al s
uppo
rts.
The
def
initi
on e
xclu
des
occu
pa-
tions
in in
stitu
tions
or
secu
re s
ettin
gs a
nd th
ose
occu
patio
ns th
at a
re s
tric
tly a
dmin
istr
ativ
e.
For
plan
ning
our
job
anal
ysis
, the
com
mun
itysu
ppor
t occ
upat
ion
was
div
ided
into
six
maj
orfu
nctio
nal w
ork
dom
ains
:
The
Com
mun
ity
Sup
port
Ski
ll S
tand
ards
span
a c
ross
-cut
ting
core
occ
upat
ion
that
capt
ures
ski
lls c
omm
on
to d
irect
ser
vice
rol
es
with
diff
erin
g
popu
latio
ns in
diff
eren
t
setti
ngs.
33pa
ge 1
1
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
page
12
34
Com
mun
ity S
ervi
ce B
roke
r T
his
cate
gory
incl
udes
a r
ange
of
coor
dina
ting
and
orga
nizi
ngfu
nctio
ns in
clud
ing
serv
ice
brok
erin
g/ca
se m
an-
agem
ent a
nd f
amily
sup
port
.
Soci
al/I
nter
pers
onan
ehav
iora
l Sup
port
s T
his
cate
gory
incl
udes
a r
ange
of
func
tions
dir
ecte
d at
teac
hing
ski
lls a
nd/o
r pr
ovid
ing
ther
apeu
ticas
sist
ance
and
incl
udes
suc
h ar
eas
as e
arly
inte
r-ve
ntio
n an
d th
e ps
ycho
-soc
ial c
lubh
ouse
mod
el.
Res
iden
tial S
uppo
rts
Thi
s fu
nctio
nal c
lust
erin
clud
es a
ran
ge o
f ac
tiviti
es th
at s
uppo
rt p
eopl
ein
thei
r ho
mes
suc
h as
live
in s
uppo
rt a
nd r
esi-
dent
ial m
anag
emen
t.
Pers
onal
Ass
ista
nce
Thi
s fu
nctio
nal c
lust
erin
clud
es a
ll of
thos
e ac
tiviti
es th
at in
volv
epe
rson
al s
uppo
rt f
or a
n in
divi
dual
in th
e ho
me,
on th
e jo
b or
in th
e co
mm
unity
. Peo
ple
with
phys
ical
dis
abili
ties
ofte
n re
ly o
n pe
rson
al a
ssis
-ta
nts
to h
elp
with
suc
h ac
tiviti
es a
s ho
usek
eep-
ing
and
pers
onal
gro
omin
g.
Em
ploy
men
t Sup
port
s T
his
cate
gory
incl
udes
ava
riet
y of
job
rela
ted
supp
orts
incl
udin
g jo
bco
achi
ng a
nd m
ento
ring
, and
job
deve
lopm
ent.
Lei
sure
/Rec
reat
ion
Supp
orts
Thi
s ca
tego
ryin
clud
es a
ran
ge o
f su
ppor
t per
sonn
el w
ho f
unc-
tion
in le
isur
e se
tting
s in
clud
ing
recr
eatio
nal
prog
ram
s, c
amps
, etc
.
Som
e ty
pica
l job
title
s th
at a
re e
ncom
pass
ed in
thes
e do
mai
ns in
clud
e:
advo
cate
case
man
ager
child
car
e w
orke
rco
mpa
nion
for
per
sons
with
HIV
/AID
Sco
unse
lor
earl
y in
terv
entio
n w
orke
rfa
mily
sup
port
wor
ker
hous
ing
spec
ialis
tou
trea
ch w
orke
rpe
er f
acili
tato
rpe
rson
al s
uppo
rt a
ssis
tant
resi
dent
ial c
ouns
elor
shel
ter
wor
ker
subs
tanc
e ab
use
coun
selo
rsu
ppor
ted
wor
k co
ach
voca
tiona
l cou
nsel
or
Thi
s is
not
an
exha
ustiv
e lis
t; it
is in
tend
ed to
conv
ey a
sen
se o
f th
e ra
nge
and
dept
h of
com
mu-
nity
sup
port
wor
k. B
ecau
se th
e co
re o
ccup
atio
nta
rget
ed b
y th
e st
anda
rds
repr
esen
ts a
com
posi
teof
man
y di
vers
e hu
man
ser
vice
jobs
, it i
s lik
ely
that
som
e as
pect
s of
the
resu
lting
sta
ndar
ds m
ayno
t be
as m
eani
ngfu
l as
othe
rs w
ithin
a s
peci
fic
job
appl
icat
ion.
35
Val
ues
and
Vis
ion
in H
uman
Ser
vice
Thr
ough
the
cour
se o
f th
is p
roje
ct, t
heex
cite
men
t and
com
mitm
ent o
f hu
man
ser
vice
wor
kers
to th
e pe
ople
they
sup
port
was
evi
dent
in th
eir
disc
ussi
ons
of th
eir
wor
k an
d its
req
uire
-m
ents
. It w
as a
lso
stri
king
to n
ote
the
sim
ilari
tyam
ong
dire
ct s
ervi
ce w
orke
rs a
cros
s th
e na
tion
in th
e be
liefs
and
val
ues
that
gui
de th
eir
daily
wor
k. T
hese
bel
iefs
and
val
ues
are
wov
enth
roug
hout
the
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Stan
dard
s an
d ar
e, in
man
y w
ays,
wha
t mak
eth
e hu
man
ser
vice
wor
k di
ffer
ent t
han
othe
ren
deav
ors
and
indu
stri
es.
Hum
an s
ervi
ce w
orke
rs a
re n
ot o
pera
ting
in a
"pro
duct
" en
viro
nmen
t. T
he e
ssen
ce o
f th
eir
wor
k is
to s
uppo
rt a
nd a
ssis
t vul
nera
ble
peop
le.
We
aske
d ov
er 8
0 w
orke
rs w
ho p
artic
ipat
ed in
the
job
anal
ysis
pha
se o
f th
e pr
ojec
t to
find
a w
ayof
suc
cinc
tly d
efin
ing
the
core
of
thei
r ro
le a
ndth
eir
defi
nitio
n re
flec
ts a
vis
ion
of p
artn
ersh
ip,
prod
uctiv
ity, e
mpo
wer
men
t and
com
mun
ityin
terd
epen
denc
e. T
his
was
thei
r de
fini
tion:
The
Com
mun
ity B
ased
Hum
an S
ervi
cePr
actit
ione
r as
sist
s th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t to
lead
a s
elf-
dire
cted
life
and
con
trib
ute
tohi
s/he
r co
mm
unity
; and
enc
oura
ges
atti-
tude
s an
d be
havi
ors
that
enh
ance
incl
u-si
on in
his
/her
com
mun
ity.
36
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
The
peo
ple
who
ass
ume
the
supp
ort r
ole
on a
daily
bas
is m
ust,
by n
eces
sity
, exa
min
e an
d ca
llon
dee
ply
held
val
ues
and
belie
fs a
s w
ell a
s a
crea
tive
visi
on to
ass
ist t
hem
in th
e co
mpl
exw
ork
they
per
form
and
in th
e pe
rson
al in
ter-
actio
ns th
at a
re th
e ev
ery
day
stuf
f of
thei
r w
ork.
The
bel
iefs
and
atti
tude
s th
at a
re a
ssoc
iate
dw
ith b
eing
an
effe
ctiv
e hu
man
ser
vice
wor
ker
are
the
corn
erst
ones
of
thes
e st
anda
rds.
Con
cept
s an
d pr
actic
es s
uch
as e
mpo
wer
men
t,pa
rtne
rshi
p, c
reat
ivity
, ref
lect
ion
and
resp
ectf
ulan
d sk
illfu
l com
mun
icat
ion
perm
eate
the
topi
csan
d co
mpe
tenc
ies
addr
esse
d in
the
Com
mun
itySu
ppor
t Ski
ll St
anda
rds.
The
se a
re th
e es
sent
ial
tool
s of
peo
ple
who
wor
k w
ith p
eopl
e w
ho a
redi
sabl
ed a
nd d
isad
vant
aged
. Thr
ough
out t
his
proj
ect w
e ha
ve c
halle
nged
peo
ple
who
use
hum
an s
ervi
ces
(par
ticip
ants
), h
uman
ser
vice
prac
titio
ners
and
oth
er c
olla
bora
tors
to e
xpre
ssth
ese
valu
es in
way
s us
eful
to th
e ed
ucat
ors
and
wor
kers
who
will
be
guid
ed b
y th
e ou
tcom
es o
fth
e pr
ojec
t. A
sta
tem
ent o
f th
is s
hare
d co
nsen
-su
s, C
omm
unity
Sup
port
Wor
k: V
isio
n an
dV
alue
s, is
fou
nd in
App
endi
x C
.
37pa
ge 1
3
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
page
14
IV. H
ow w
ere
the
stan
dard
sde
velo
ped?
Ana
lyzi
ng th
e W
ork
of th
eH
uman
Ser
vice
Pra
ctiti
oner
In o
rder
to c
reat
e be
nchm
arks
of
exce
llenc
e fo
rC
omm
unity
Sup
port
Hum
an S
ervi
ce P
ract
ition
-er
s, it
was
nec
essa
ry to
con
duct
an
in-d
epth
job
anal
ysis
. For
this
pur
pose
, the
Tec
hnic
al C
om-
mitt
ee m
embe
rs w
ere
aske
d to
iden
tify
"mas
ter"
hum
an s
ervi
ce w
orke
rs to
com
e to
wor
ksho
psan
d ta
lk a
bout
thei
r jo
bs. T
he c
rite
ria
used
tore
cogn
ize
a "m
aste
r w
orke
r" in
clud
ed, a
mon
got
her
fact
ors,
suf
fici
ent j
ob te
nure
and
pee
ran
d su
perv
isor
rec
ogni
tion
as a
ver
y co
mpe
tent
wor
ker.
Tec
hnic
al C
omm
ittee
mem
bers
and
othe
rs w
ho h
elpe
d w
ere
aske
d to
con
side
r th
ech
arac
teri
stic
s of
hig
h pe
rfor
man
ce h
uman
ser
-vi
ce a
genc
ies
(des
crib
ed a
bove
) w
hen
mak
ing
reco
mm
enda
tions
for
the
wor
ker
sam
ple.
We
invi
ted
hum
an s
ervi
ce w
orke
rs in
div
erse
role
s to
wor
ksho
ps h
eld
in f
our
loca
tions
acr
oss
the
coun
try
to h
elp
us le
arn
abou
t the
ir w
ork.
The
pre
senc
e of
a s
uffi
cien
tly d
iver
se g
roup
of
wor
kers
was
ess
entia
l to
our
hypo
thes
is th
atth
ere
is a
ski
ll se
t com
mon
to s
taff
ser
ving
dif
fer-
ent p
opul
atio
ns in
dif
fere
nt jo
bs. T
o en
sure
rol
edi
vers
ity, w
e co
nstr
ucte
d a
mat
rix
of p
ossi
ble
38
hum
an s
ervi
ce jo
bs c
onsi
deri
ng f
acto
rs s
uch
as th
e si
x fu
nctio
nal w
ork
clus
ters
, pop
ulat
ion
serv
ed, j
ob ti
tle a
nd c
hara
cter
istic
s of
the
wor
k-pl
ace
setti
ng.
The
pro
cess
of
job
anal
ysis
fol
low
ed a
mod
ifie
dD
AC
UM
(D
evel
opin
g a
Cur
ricu
lum
, 199
0) m
odel
whi
ch le
ads
wor
kers
thro
ugh
a se
ries
of
stru
ctur
ed a
ctiv
ities
to d
efin
e th
e m
ajor
com
pe-
tenc
ies
and
wor
k ac
tiviti
es d
eman
ded
on th
eir
jobs
and
to a
ssoc
iate
the
skill
s, k
now
ledg
e an
dw
orke
r at
trib
utes
mos
t cri
tical
to s
ucce
ss o
n th
ejo
b. A
dditi
onal
ly, w
orke
rs e
ngag
ed in
an
exer
cise
to d
efin
e th
eir
role
in a
suc
cinc
t fas
hion
(se
e de
f-in
ition
abo
ve)
and
disc
uss
the
tren
ds a
nd v
alue
ssh
apin
g th
eir
role
s. W
orks
hops
wer
e he
ld in
fou
rlo
catio
ns, D
etro
it, A
ustin
, Sea
ttle,
and
New
Yor
kC
ity. T
he r
esul
ts o
f th
ese
wor
ksho
ps w
ere
then
synt
hesi
zed
in a
fif
th w
orks
hop
who
se p
artic
i-pa
nts
incl
uded
rep
rese
ntat
ives
fro
m th
e fi
rst f
our
wor
ksho
ps p
lus
educ
ator
s, c
onsu
mer
s, a
nd p
ro-
vide
rs (
see
App
endi
x B
). T
he p
rodu
ct w
as a
list
of d
utie
s, ta
sks,
and
rel
evan
t kno
wle
dge
and
attr
ibut
es. (
see
App
endi
x D
).
Val
idat
ion
of th
e Jo
b A
naly
sis
The
info
rmat
ion
resu
lting
fro
m th
e sy
nthe
sis
wor
ksho
p w
as v
alid
ated
thro
ugh
an e
xten
sive
natio
nal s
urve
y pr
oces
s w
ith o
ver
1000
res
pon-
dent
s in
volv
ed w
ith h
uman
ser
vice
s. T
he r
esul
ts
39
of th
is s
urve
y co
nfir
med
the
auth
entic
ity o
f th
eco
mpe
tenc
ies
and
asso
ciat
ed a
ctiv
ities
that
com
-pr
ise
the
hum
an s
ervi
ce p
ract
ition
er r
ole
as id
en-
tifie
d th
roug
h th
e jo
b an
alys
is.
Writ
ing
the
Sta
ndar
ds
Thi
s va
lidat
ed jo
b an
alys
is p
rovi
ded
the
raw
mat
eria
l for
the
Stan
dard
s D
evel
opm
ent T
eam
whi
ch w
as c
ompr
ised
of
key
stak
ehol
ders
fro
mac
ross
the
natio
n in
clud
ing
cons
umer
s, p
ro-
vide
rs, e
duca
tors
, tra
iner
s, a
nd f
amily
mem
bers
.T
his
team
met
twic
e ov
er a
thre
e m
onth
per
iod
and
held
sev
eral
con
fere
nce
calls
cul
min
atin
g in
a ro
ugh
draf
t of
the
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Stan
dard
s.
Val
idat
ing
the
Sta
ndar
ds
Proj
ect s
taff
then
con
vene
d a
seri
es o
f va
lidat
ion
wor
ksho
ps in
fou
r lo
catio
ns th
roug
hout
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es to
rev
iew
the
stan
dard
s an
d to
mak
e re
com
men
datio
ns to
the
Tec
hnic
al C
om-
mitt
ee. V
alid
atio
n w
orks
hops
wer
e or
gani
zed
arou
nd s
take
hold
er g
roup
s to
ens
ure
clar
ity o
fth
e re
spon
ses.
Thu
s th
e N
ew Y
ork
wor
ksho
p w
aslim
ited
to h
uman
ser
vice
wor
kers
; in
Aus
tinw
e in
vite
d pr
ovid
ers;
in C
hica
go p
artic
ipan
ts(p
eopl
e w
ho u
se h
uman
ser
vice
s) a
nd f
amily
mem
bers
wer
e in
vite
d; a
nd in
Tac
oma,
the
wor
k-sh
op in
clud
ed te
ache
rs a
nd tr
aine
rs. W
orks
hop
40
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
part
icip
ants
fol
low
ed a
str
uctu
red
form
at to
exam
ine
the
cont
ent o
f th
e st
anda
rds
and
reco
rdth
eir
obse
rvat
ions
. The
res
ults
of
thes
e w
ork-
shop
s w
ere
synt
hesi
zed
and
inte
grat
ed in
to th
est
anda
rds
in a
fin
al d
evel
opm
ent w
orks
hop
invo
lvin
g th
e pr
ojec
t's T
echn
ical
Com
mitt
ee in
May
of
1995
in W
ashi
ngto
n, D
C.
41pa
ge 1
5
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
Vin
trod
uctio
n to
Ski
ll St
anda
rds
It is
- im
port
ant f
or th
e po
tent
ial u
ser
toun
ders
tand
that
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Stan
dard
s ar
e no
t min
imal
sta
ndar
ds. T
hese
stan
dard
s w
ere
benc
hmar
ked
to a
"m
aste
r w
ork-
er"
leve
l. T
he m
aste
r w
orke
r is
an
expe
rien
ced
wor
ker,
who
is r
ecog
nize
d by
pee
rs a
nd s
uper
vi-
sors
as
skill
ed a
nd c
ompe
tent
.
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Stan
dard
s ar
eor
gani
zed
arou
nd tw
elve
bro
ad, f
unct
iona
lth
emes
of
hum
an s
ervi
ce w
ork.
The
se th
emes
wer
e id
entif
ied
in th
e Jo
b A
naly
sis
phas
e of
the
proj
ect a
nd a
re c
alle
d co
mpe
tenc
y ar
eas
in o
urst
anda
rd u
nit.
The
y ar
e as
fol
low
s:
1. P
AR
TIC
IPA
NT
EM
PO
WE
RM
EN
T
2. C
OM
MU
NIC
AT
ION
3. A
SS
ES
SM
EN
T
4. C
OM
MU
NIT
Y A
ND
SE
RV
ICE
NE
TW
OR
KIN
G
5. F
AC
ILIT
AT
ION
OF
SE
RV
ICE
S
6. C
OM
MU
NIT
Y L
IVIN
G S
KIL
LS A
ND
SU
PP
OR
TS
7. E
DU
CA
TIO
N, T
RA
ININ
G &
SE
LF-D
EV
ELO
PM
EN
T
8. A
DV
OC
AC
Y
9. V
OC
AT
ION
AL,
ED
UC
AT
ION
AL,
AN
D C
AR
EE
R S
UP
PO
RT
10. C
RIS
IS IN
TE
RV
EN
TIO
N
11. O
RG
AN
IZA
TIO
NA
L P
AR
TIC
IPA
TIO
N
12. D
OC
UM
EN
TA
TIO
N
page
16
The
sta
ndar
d un
it is
com
pose
d of
the
follo
win
gco
mpo
nent
s: c
ompe
tenc
y ar
eas,
ski
ll st
anda
rdst
atem
ents
, act
ivity
sta
tem
ents
, and
per
form
ance
indi
cato
rs. T
hese
com
pone
nts
are
orga
nize
dfr
om th
e m
ost g
ener
al to
the
mos
t spe
cifi
c.
The
twel
ve c
ompe
tenc
y ar
eas
defi
ne b
road
are
asof
fun
ctio
nal r
espo
nsib
ility
for
the
rang
e of
job
activ
ities
that
are
typi
cally
per
form
ed b
y a
Com
-m
unity
Sup
port
Hum
an S
ervi
ce P
ract
ition
er(C
SHSP
).
Skill
sta
ndar
d st
atem
ents
des
crib
e a
set o
f jo
bfu
nctio
ns r
elat
ed to
the
asso
ciat
ed c
ompe
tenc
yar
ea a
nd a
re in
tend
ed to
pro
vide
a c
ompr
ehen
-si
ve d
escr
iptio
n of
the
job
func
tions
that
fal
lun
der
each
of
the
com
pete
ncy
area
s. E
ach
of th
esk
ill s
tand
ards
sta
tem
ents
is li
nked
to o
ne o
rm
ore
activ
ity s
tate
men
ts.
Act
ivity
sta
tem
ents
des
crib
e so
me
of th
e sp
ecif
-ic
task
s or
wor
k ac
tiviti
es th
at a
CSH
SP w
ould
unde
rtak
e to
ful
fill
the
job
func
tions
des
crib
ed in
the
skill
sta
ndar
d st
atem
ent.
The
act
ivity
sta
te-
men
ts p
rovi
de a
rep
rese
ntat
ive
(not
inte
nded
as
a co
mpr
ehen
sive
or
exha
ustiv
e) s
ampl
e of
rel
e-va
nt a
ctiv
ities
illu
stra
ting
the
asso
ciat
ed s
kill
stan
dard
sta
tem
ent.
Eac
h of
the
activ
ity s
tate
men
ts h
as o
ne o
r m
ore
corr
espo
ndin
g pe
rfor
man
ce in
dica
tors
. Act
ivity
stat
emen
ts r
efle
ct w
hat h
uman
ser
vice
prac
titio
ners
do.
Perf
orm
ance
indi
cato
rs a
re a
mea
ns o
fde
term
inin
g if
the
CSH
SP c
an a
ctua
lly p
erfo
rmth
e ac
tivity
. Per
form
ance
indi
cato
rs, t
here
fore
,pr
ovid
e a
way
to m
easu
re p
erfo
rman
ce. P
erfo
r-m
ance
indi
cato
rs a
re s
tate
men
ts th
at c
reat
e a
link
to s
peci
fic
form
s of
per
form
ance
-bas
edas
sess
men
t for
eac
h of
the
activ
ities
, but
whi
leth
ey h
ave
been
val
idat
ed a
s m
eani
ngfu
l ind
ica-
tors
of
perf
orm
ance
at t
he e
xper
t lev
el, t
hey
have
not
bee
n "n
orm
ed"
to e
stab
lish
stat
istic
ally
relia
ble
mea
sure
s of
mas
tery
of
the
asso
ciat
edst
anda
rds
and
activ
ities
.
The
per
form
ance
indi
cato
rs a
re n
ot in
tend
ed to
be a
com
preh
ensi
ve o
r ex
haus
tive
desc
ript
ion
of a
ll of
the
way
s th
at w
ork
perf
orm
ance
can
be
mea
sure
d. I
t is
impo
rtan
t to
note
that
perf
orm
ance
indi
cato
rs h
ave
been
wri
tten
toex
empl
ify
the
man
y cr
eativ
e st
rate
gies
an
inst
ruct
or o
r tr
aine
r co
uld
empl
oy a
s as
sess
men
tm
etho
ds in
a r
ange
of
poss
ible
lear
ning
env
iron
-m
ents
(w
ork
base
d an
d cl
assr
oom
). S
ome
perf
or-
man
ce in
dica
tors
invo
lve
dire
ct o
bser
vatio
n by
inst
ruct
ors
or w
ork
supe
rvis
ors,
som
ein
corp
orat
e th
e re
port
s of
con
sum
ers
and
fam
i-lie
s ab
out a
CSH
SP's
wor
k pe
rfor
man
ce, a
nd o
th-
ers
invo
lve
self
-rep
orts
. Som
e of
the
perf
orm
ance
indi
cato
rs in
volv
e "o
n-de
man
d" p
erfo
rman
ce-
44
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
base
d as
sess
men
ts (
e.g.
usi
ng w
ork
vign
ette
sto
obt
ain
lear
ner
resp
onse
s to
sim
ulat
ed w
ork
situ
atio
ns)
whi
le o
ther
s us
e cu
mul
ativ
e re
cord
sof
per
form
ance
(e.
g. p
ortf
olio
s). T
his
vari
ety
ofin
dica
tors
is in
tend
ed to
ass
ist t
he e
duca
tor
ortr
aine
r in
dev
isin
g cr
eativ
e ap
proa
ches
toas
sess
ing
com
pete
nce.
SA
MP
LE S
TA
ND
AR
D U
NIT
CO
MP
ET
EN
CY
AR
EA
1:
Part
icip
ant
Em
pow
erm
ent
The
com
pete
nt c
omm
unity
sup
port
hum
an s
ervi
cepr
actit
ione
r (C
SHSP
) en
hanc
es th
e ab
ility
of
the
part
icip
ant t
o le
ad a
sel
f-de
term
inin
g lif
e by
pro
vidi
ngth
e su
ppor
t and
info
rmat
ion
nece
ssar
y to
bui
ld s
elf-
este
em, a
nd a
sser
tiven
ess;
and
to m
ake
deci
sion
s.
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
A:
The
com
pete
nt C
SH
SP
ass
ists
and
sup
port
s th
e
part
icip
ant t
o de
velo
p st
rate
gies
, mak
e in
form
ed
choi
ces,
follo
w th
roug
h on
res
pons
ibili
ties,
and
take
risks
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP a
ssis
tsth
e pa
rtic
ipan
t to
iden
tify
alte
rnat
ives
whe
nfa
ced
with
the
need
to m
ake
a de
cisi
on.
/'The
par
ticip
ant r
epor
ts th
at th
eC
SHSP
has
hel
ped
him
or
her
iden
tify
alte
rnat
ives
whe
n m
akin
g a
deci
sion
.
Com
pete
ncy
area
s de
fine
broa
d ar
eas
of th
epr
actit
ione
r's w
ork
resp
onsi
bilit
ies
A s
kill
stan
dard
stat
emen
t des
crib
es a
job
func
tion
rela
ted
to th
eas
soci
ated
com
pete
ncy
area
.
An
activ
ity s
tate
men
tde
scrib
es a
spe
cific
wor
kac
tivity
that
apr
actit
ione
r w
ould
unde
rtak
e to
fulfi
ll th
esk
ill s
tand
ard.
Per
form
ance
indi
cato
rsof
fer
a w
ay to
mea
sure
the
prac
titio
ner's
mas
tery
of a
wor
k ac
tivity
.
45pa
ge 1
7
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
page
18
46
VI.
Wha
t are
the
next
ste
ps?
Sta
ndar
ds-B
ased
Ref
orm
s in
Edu
catio
n
The
re is
a g
row
ing
mov
emen
t to
hold
all
educ
a-tio
nal i
nstit
utio
ns a
ccou
ntab
le f
or im
prov
ed s
tu-
dent
lear
ning
out
com
es. S
imila
r co
ncer
ns f
orou
tcom
e-ba
sed
eval
uatio
n ha
ve a
lrea
dy ta
ken
hold
in th
e he
alth
car
e an
d hu
man
ser
vice
aren
as. T
his
outc
omes
ori
enta
tion
to q
ualit
yim
prov
emen
t has
alr
eady
gai
ned
sign
ific
ant
infl
uenc
e am
ong
seco
ndar
y sc
hool
edu
cato
rsre
spon
ding
to c
once
rns
of e
mpl
oyer
s th
at w
ork-
ers
are
ill p
repa
red
to m
eet t
he c
halle
nges
of
wor
k in
the
post
-ind
ustr
ial e
cono
my.
Col
lege
s an
d un
iver
sitie
s to
day
also
fac
e a
sign
ifi-
cant
cri
sis.
The
re is
am
ple
data
to s
ugge
st th
atth
e ex
pens
es o
f co
llege
s an
d un
iver
sitie
s ar
e ou
t-st
ripp
ing
reve
nues
and
that
they
can
no
long
erpa
ss th
eir
cost
s on
to s
tude
nts
and
thei
r fa
mili
esor
to f
eder
al o
r st
ate
gove
rnm
ents
.
Whi
le it
is u
ncle
ar w
hat r
ole
the
fede
ral g
over
n-m
ent w
ill p
lay
in im
plem
entin
g st
anda
rds,
the
avai
labi
lity
of n
atio
nally
val
idat
ed a
cade
mic
and
skill
sta
ndar
ds o
ffer
gui
danc
e an
d en
rich
men
t to
educ
atio
nal r
efor
m e
ffor
ts a
nd p
rovi
de a
col
labo
-ra
tive
role
for
em
ploy
ers.
In o
rder
to a
dapt
to c
ost p
ress
ures
and
dem
on-
stra
te q
ualit
y an
d va
lue,
sec
onda
ry a
nd p
ost-
seco
ndar
y sc
hool
s ar
e lik
ely
to s
hift
thei
r tr
adi-
tiona
l foc
us f
rom
teac
her
and
facu
lty p
rodu
ctiv
i-ty
to s
tude
nt le
arni
ng o
utco
mes
. Thi
s sh
ift w
illen
tail
chan
ges
in f
acul
ty r
oles
and
rew
ards
,cu
rric
ulum
des
ign
and
prac
tices
, and
in th
eas
sess
men
t of
lear
ner
outc
omes
. Pos
tsec
onda
ryin
stitu
tions
are
alr
eady
turn
ing
to in
tera
ctiv
ete
chno
logi
es to
re-
desi
gn in
stru
ctio
n an
dim
prov
e st
uden
t out
com
es. C
ompu
ter-
base
dsi
mul
atio
ns w
ill e
nabl
e fa
culty
to d
evel
op m
ore
sens
itive
and
sop
hist
icat
ed p
erfo
rman
ce-b
ased
asse
ssm
ents
to s
uppo
rt a
cade
mic
and
indu
stry
spec
ific
ski
ll st
anda
rds.
The
tren
d to
war
d di
stri
b-ut
ed a
nd lo
ng-d
ista
nce
lear
ning
env
iron
men
ts is
only
like
ly to
incr
ease
as
cost
pre
ssur
es in
crea
se.
Impl
emen
ting
the
Sta
ndar
ds in
Edu
catio
nal a
nd T
rain
ing
Con
text
s
A n
umbe
r of
act
iviti
es h
ave
been
und
erta
ken
tobe
gin
the
impl
emen
tatio
n of
the
Com
mun
itySu
ppor
t Ski
ll St
anda
rds
in s
econ
dary
and
pos
t-se
cond
ary
educ
atio
nal c
onte
xts.
The
se a
ctiv
ities
incl
ude:
exa
min
ing
the
fit b
etw
een
the
Com
mun
i-ty
Sup
port
Ski
ll St
anda
rds
and
stan
dard
s de
vel-
oped
by
the
Cou
ncil
for
Stan
dard
s in
Hum
anSe
rvic
e E
duca
tion,
a m
ajor
acc
redi
ting
body
for
hum
an s
ervi
ce e
duca
tion
prog
ram
s; c
ondu
ctin
gIm
plem
enta
tion
Dem
onst
ratio
n Pr
ojec
ts (
see
App
endi
x F)
to d
eter
min
e th
e ba
rrie
rs a
nd p
ath-
47
way
s to
eff
ectiv
e us
e of
the
stan
dard
s in
act
ual
trai
ning
and
edu
catio
nal e
nvir
onm
ents
; est
ablis
h-in
g an
Edu
catio
n an
d T
rain
ing
Tea
m th
at w
illas
sist
in th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
guid
elin
es f
or e
duca
-to
rs a
nd tr
aine
rs h
opin
g to
impl
emen
t the
se s
tan-
dard
s; d
evel
opin
g a
prot
otyp
e of
a c
ompu
ter-
base
dcu
rric
ulum
res
ourc
e gu
ide
to a
ssis
t fac
ulty
toin
fuse
cur
rent
wor
k-ba
sed
trai
ning
act
iviti
es in
thei
r co
urse
s; a
nd p
rom
otin
g th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
a na
tiona
lly r
ecog
nize
d "C
ertif
icat
e of
Mas
tery
".
In s
umm
ary,
we
expe
ct th
at th
ese
stan
dard
s w
illbe
use
ful t
o a
vari
ety
of a
udie
nces
.
Hum
an s
ervi
ce p
rovi
ders
can
be
assu
red
that
thes
e va
lidat
ed, s
tate
of
the
art p
ract
ices
will
prov
ide
criti
cal m
ater
ial f
or s
taff
trai
ning
and
deve
lopm
ent a
ctiv
ities
and
will
gui
de th
eir
orga
niza
tion
to p
rogr
essi
ve s
trat
egie
s fo
r fa
cili-
tatin
g de
sira
ble
serv
ice
outc
omes
.
Man
aged
car
e or
gani
zatio
ns a
nd o
ther
larg
ese
rvic
e pr
ovid
ers
seek
ing
to c
ertif
y th
e co
mpe
-te
nce
of s
taff
fro
m d
iver
se b
ackg
roun
ds, o
rgan
i-za
tions
and
rol
es w
ill f
ind
that
thes
e st
anda
rds
prov
ide
a us
eful
fra
mew
ork.
Hum
an s
ervi
ce e
duca
tors
can
exa
min
e ex
istin
gpr
ogra
ms
and
curr
icul
a th
roug
h th
e le
ns o
fth
ese
com
pete
ncie
s to
det
erm
ine
whe
re g
aps
exis
t and
to in
fuse
or
rede
sign
cur
ricu
la to
mak
e it
mor
e re
leva
nt. 48
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
Seco
ndar
y sc
hool
edu
cato
rs c
an u
se th
ese
stan
dard
s to
str
uctu
re S
choo
l to
Wor
k,T
ech-
Prep
and
oth
er in
nova
tive
prog
ram
s to
intr
o-du
ce s
tude
nts
to w
ork
life.
The
se s
tand
ards
also
pro
vide
edu
cato
rs w
ith a
con
text
for
hel
p-in
g st
uden
ts m
aste
r a
num
ber
of h
ighl
y cr
oss-
func
tiona
l ski
lls n
eede
d in
any
occ
upat
ion
such
as th
e co
mm
unic
atio
n, r
esou
rce
allo
catio
n an
dte
am s
kills
that
are
des
crib
ed in
thes
est
anda
rds.
One
sto
p em
ploy
men
t cen
ters
can
use
thes
est
anda
rds
to g
uide
peo
ple
ente
ring
the
wor
kfo
rce,
or
disp
lace
d w
orke
rs to
car
eers
in h
uman
serv
ice
and
to c
ertif
y th
e ad
equa
cy o
f tr
aini
ngpr
ogra
ms
offe
red
by th
ird
part
y ve
ndor
s.
Con
sum
ers
and
fam
ilies
can
judg
e th
e ef
fica
cyof
sta
ff p
erfo
rman
ce a
nd th
e ad
equa
cy o
fag
ency
sta
ff tr
aini
ng u
sing
the
stan
dard
s as
guid
elin
es.
Polic
y m
aker
s at
the
stat
e an
d na
tiona
l lev
elca
n us
e th
e C
omm
unity
Sup
port
Ski
ll St
an-
dard
s as
the
arch
itect
ure
for
a pr
ogra
m o
fce
rtif
icat
ion
for
dire
ct s
ervi
ce p
ract
ition
ers.
The
se s
tand
ards
off
er a
glim
pse
into
the
futu
re r
eson
atin
g w
ith th
e m
ost p
rogr
essi
vepr
actic
es a
nd in
terp
reta
tions
of
the
dire
ctse
rvic
e ro
le o
n th
e co
ntem
pora
ry h
uman
serv
ice
scen
e.
49pa
ge 1
9
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
page
20
The
ful
l rea
lizat
ion
of th
e co
mpe
tent
and
empo
wer
ed p
ract
ition
er e
nvis
ione
d in
thes
est
anda
rds
will
dep
end
on th
e m
any
key
syst
emac
tors
mak
ing
a vi
sibl
e co
mm
itmen
t to
stre
ngth
enin
g an
d ad
vanc
ing
the
dire
ct s
uppo
rtw
orke
r an
d re
alig
ning
pol
icy
acco
rdin
gly.
Suc
ha
com
mitm
ent w
ould
incl
ude:
1) T
he d
evel
opm
ent o
f a
natio
nal d
irec
t ser
vice
wor
k as
soci
atio
n w
ith th
e go
al o
f im
prov
ing
acce
ss to
edu
catio
nal o
ppor
tuni
ties
and
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f a
natio
nally
rec
ogni
zed
cer-
tific
ate
of m
aste
ry. S
uch
an a
llian
ce m
ight
embr
ace
a nu
mbe
r of
str
ateg
ies
to a
dvan
ceth
e pr
ofes
sion
, inc
ludi
ng th
e up
datin
g of
the
natio
nal s
tand
ards
as
need
ed.
2) T
he s
uppo
rt o
f re
sear
ch in
to th
e re
latio
nshi
pbe
twee
n th
e sk
ill s
tand
ards
and
con
sum
erou
tcom
es, a
nd th
e "n
orm
ing"
of
perf
orm
-an
ce in
dica
tors
for
var
ious
leve
ls o
f m
aste
ry.
3) T
he s
uppo
rt o
f th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
mor
e sp
e-ci
aliz
ed s
tand
ards
to s
uppl
emen
t the
cor
est
anda
rds
iden
tifie
d in
the
proj
ect,
(e.g
.,st
anda
rds
refl
ectin
g th
e sp
ecia
lized
ski
llsne
eded
in e
ach
of th
e si
x oc
cupa
tiona
l wor
kcl
uste
rs id
entif
ied
by th
is p
roje
ct).
50
4) E
mpl
oyer
s m
ust:
Est
ablis
h ca
reer
pat
hs a
nd in
cent
ives
for
dire
ct s
uppo
rt w
orke
rs li
nkin
g pa
yin
crem
ents
to th
e m
aste
ry o
f de
sire
dco
mpe
tenc
ies.
Dev
elop
wel
l pla
nned
trai
ning
pro
gram
slin
ked
to a
cade
mic
pro
gram
s of
feri
ng c
redi
tsan
d de
gree
sta
tus
for
inte
rest
ed w
orke
rs.
Alig
n or
gani
zatio
ns to
ens
ure
the
empo
wer
-m
ent a
nd f
ull p
artic
ipat
ion
of q
ualif
ied
dire
ctsu
ppor
t wor
kers
in te
am p
lann
ing
and
all
othe
r as
pect
s of
org
aniz
atio
nal l
ife.
We
wel
com
e yo
ur v
iew
son
thes
e st
anda
rds.
51
CO
MP
ET
EN
CY
AR
EA
1:
Part
icip
ant
. Em
pow
erm
ent
The
com
pete
nt c
omm
unity
sup
port
hum
an s
ervi
cepr
actit
ione
r (C
SHSP
) en
hanc
es th
e ab
ility
of
the
part
icip
ant t
o le
ad a
sel
f-de
term
inin
g lif
e by
pro
vidi
ngth
e su
ppor
t and
info
rmat
ion
nece
ssar
y to
bui
ld s
elf-
este
em, a
nd a
sser
tiven
ess;
and
to m
ake
deci
sion
s.
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
A:
The
com
pete
nt C
SH
SP
ass
ists
and
sup
port
s th
e
part
icip
ant t
o de
velo
p st
rate
gies
, mak
e in
form
ed
choi
ces,
follo
w th
roug
h on
res
pons
ibili
ties,
and
take
ris
ks.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP a
ssis
tsth
e pa
rtic
ipan
t to
iden
tify
alte
rnat
ives
whe
nfa
ced
with
the
need
to m
ake
a de
cisi
on.
V T
he p
artic
ipan
t rep
orts
that
the
CSH
SP h
as h
elpe
d hi
m o
r he
r id
entif
yal
tern
ativ
es w
hen
mak
ing
a de
cisi
on.
52
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP a
ssis
tsth
e pa
rtic
ipan
t to
unde
rsta
nd th
e po
tent
ial
outc
omes
of
all a
ltern
ativ
es a
nd h
elps
iden
tify
pote
ntia
l bar
rier
s.
V T
he p
artic
ipan
t rep
orts
that
the
CSH
SP a
ssis
ted
him
or
her
to s
ee th
eco
nseq
uenc
es o
f sp
ecif
ic c
ours
es o
fac
tion.
V G
iven
a s
cena
rio,
the
CSH
SP c
ites
barr
iers
that
lim
it ch
oice
s fo
r pa
rtic
i-pa
nts
and
desc
ribe
s w
ays
toov
erco
me
thos
e ba
rrie
rs.
A A
ngel
ski
ing
with
acto
r D
avid
Has
selh
off
V =
PE
RF
OR
MA
NC
E ID
ICA
TO
Rpa
ge 2
1
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
"...I
har
bor
no il
lusi
ons
that
I ca
n em
pow
er
anyo
ne. I
can
take
obst
acle
s to
clie
nts'
self-
empo
wer
men
t out
of th
eir
way
, and
I ca
n
som
etim
es fa
cilit
ate
or
trig
ger
clie
nts'
abi
litie
s
to e
xpre
ss p
ower
s th
ey
have
had
but
kep
t hid
-
den,
ofte
n fr
om th
em-
selv
es a
s w
ell a
s ot
hers
."
C.L
. Vas
h (1
992)
Tho
ught
s T
o S
hare
With
Edu
cato
rs: O
n T
each
ing
"Con
sum
eris
m"
to
Reh
abili
tatio
n S
tude
nts,
Reh
abili
tatio
n E
duca
tion.
page
22
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP b
alan
ces
supp
ort f
or th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t's s
tate
d ch
oice
s w
ithco
nsid
erat
ions
of
prof
essi
onal
res
pons
ibili
ty a
ndet
hics
, as
wel
l as
pote
ntia
l ris
ks.
1/1
The
CSH
SP c
an d
escr
ibe
spec
ific
exam
ples
in w
hich
pro
fess
iona
l eth
ics
and
resp
onsi
bilit
ies
are
pote
ntia
lly in
conf
lict w
ith p
artic
ipan
t cho
ices
or
pref
eren
ces,
and
use
s pr
oble
m s
olvi
ngsk
ills
to r
esol
ve s
uch
conf
licts
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP a
ssis
tsth
e pa
rtic
ipan
t to
iden
tify
pers
onal
, civ
ic, a
ndin
terp
erso
nal r
espo
nsib
ilitie
s, a
nd to
dev
elop
stra
tegi
es to
mee
t the
m.
Po"
The
par
ticip
ant r
epor
ts th
at th
eC
SHSP
has
hel
ped
him
or
her
sort
thro
ugh
prio
ritie
s an
d de
velo
p st
rate
-gi
es to
mee
t res
pons
ibili
ties.
54
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
B:
The
com
pete
nt C
SH
SP
pro
mot
es p
artic
ipan
t
part
ners
hip
in th
e de
sign
of s
uppo
rt s
ervi
ces,
cons
ultin
g th
e pe
rson
and
invo
lvin
g hi
m o
r he
r in
the
supp
ort p
roce
ss.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP s
uppo
rts
the
invo
lvem
ent o
f th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t in
goal
deve
lopm
ent m
eetin
gs b
y ex
plai
ning
the
cont
ent
of th
e m
eetin
g be
fore
hand
, pro
vidi
ngop
port
uniti
es f
or p
artic
ipat
ion
duri
ng th
em
eetin
g, a
nd e
ncou
ragi
ng o
ther
s to
res
pect
the
pref
eren
ces
of th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t.
I.T
he C
SHSP
can
des
crib
e a
typi
cal g
oal
plan
ning
pro
cess
and
can
pro
vide
exam
ples
of
tech
niqu
es th
at h
ave
wor
ked
to e
nhan
ce th
e pa
rtne
rshi
p of
part
icip
ants
in th
e pr
oces
s.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP a
ssis
tsth
e pa
rtic
ipan
t to
mak
e in
form
ed c
hoic
es a
bout
the
desi
gn o
f su
ppor
ts b
y en
cour
agin
g th
epa
rtic
ipan
t to
expl
ore
a ra
nge
of o
ptio
ns a
nden
cour
agin
g th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t to
thin
k ab
out h
is o
rhe
r am
bitio
ns, a
spir
atio
ns, a
nd h
opes
for
the
futu
re.
V T
he p
artic
ipan
t rep
orts
that
the
CSH
SP h
as a
ssis
ted
him
or
her
tom
ake
info
rmed
dec
isio
ns a
bout
the
supp
ort h
e or
she
nee
ds to
rea
ch h
isor
her
goa
ls.
V T
he C
SHSP
dem
onst
rate
s th
roug
h ro
lepl
ay te
chni
ques
eff
ectiv
e st
rate
gies
toen
hanc
e pa
rtic
ipan
t's a
bilit
y to
mak
ede
cisi
ons
abou
t sup
port
, tre
atm
ent o
rse
rvic
es.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SPsc
hedu
les
or e
ncou
rage
s ot
hers
to s
ched
ule
mee
tings
at t
imes
con
veni
ent t
o th
e pa
rtic
ipan
tan
d as
sist
s in
str
uctu
ring
the
mee
ting
in a
fash
ion
that
max
imiz
es th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t'sex
pres
sion
and
par
ticip
atio
n.
V T
he C
SHSP
can
des
crib
e ex
ampl
es o
fw
ays
in w
hich
he
or s
he f
acili
tate
dpa
rtic
ipan
t inv
olve
men
t in
goal
pla
n-ni
ng m
eetin
gs.
5 6
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
C:
The
com
pete
nt C
SH
SP
pro
vide
s op
port
uniti
es fo
r
the
part
icip
ant t
o be
a s
elf-
advo
cate
by
incr
easi
ng
awar
enes
s of
sel
f-ad
voca
cy m
etho
ds a
nd
tech
niqu
es, e
ncou
ragi
ng a
nd a
ssis
ting
the
part
icip
ant t
o sp
eak
on h
is o
r he
r ow
n be
half,
and
prov
idin
g in
form
atio
n on
pee
r su
ppor
t and
sel
f-
advo
cacy
gro
ups.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP p
rovi
des
info
rmat
ion
to th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t reg
ardi
ng o
ptio
nsfo
r pe
er s
uppo
rt a
nd s
elf-
advo
cacy
gro
ups
and
the
pote
ntia
l ben
efits
of
part
icip
atio
n.
1/ T
he C
SHSP
can
iden
tify
maj
or s
elf-
help
and
sel
f-ad
voca
cy o
rgan
izat
ions
that
are
rel
evan
t to
the
need
s of
the
part
icip
ants
.
The
CSH
SP m
aint
ains
aid
e of
par
tici-
pant
ref
erra
ls to
sel
f-he
lp a
nd s
elf
advo
cacy
gro
ups
and
prov
ides
evid
ence
(e.
g., p
ortf
olio
, par
ticip
ant
repo
rt)
of s
uppo
rtin
g pa
rtic
ipat
ion
whe
n ne
eded
.
"We
spea
k fo
r ou
rsel
ves
...no
one
els
e ca
n sp
eak
for
us."
Cha
mbe
rlin,
Jud
i (19
84).
Spe
akin
g F
or O
urse
lves
:
An
Ove
rvie
w o
f the
Ex-
Psy
chia
tric
Inm
ates
Mov
e-
men
t. P
sych
osoc
ial R
eha-
bilit
atio
n Jo
urna
l.
57
page
23
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
"In
a de
velo
pmen
tal
scre
enin
g, a
two
year
-
old
child
cou
ld n
ot
build
a to
wer
with
bloc
ks. I
left
a se
t and
told
the
pare
nts
to
wor
k w
ith th
e ch
ild in
a
quie
t, st
ress
-fre
e si
tua-
tion.
Whe
n I c
heck
ed
on th
e ne
xt v
isit
he
built
an
eigh
t-bl
ock
tow
er a
nd c
lapp
ed fo
r
him
self.
"
a K
ansa
s C
ity p
aren
ted
ucat
or, i
n H
elpi
ng C
hil-
dren
by
Str
engt
heni
ng
Fam
ilies
: A L
ook
at F
amily
Sup
port
Pro
gram
s. (
1992
)
page
24
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SPen
cour
ages
the
part
icip
ant,
to p
artic
ipat
e in
oppo
rtun
ities
that
will
fac
ilita
te a
sser
tiven
ess
and
self
-est
eem
.
1/1
The
CSH
SP, g
iven
spe
cifi
c sc
enar
ios,
can
desc
ribe
act
iviti
es th
at w
illen
hanc
e th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t'sas
sert
iven
ess
and
self
est
eem
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP c
reat
esop
port
uniti
es f
or th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t to
spea
k fo
r hi
mor
her
self
and
col
labo
rate
s w
ith o
ther
ser
vice
prov
ider
s to
fac
ilita
te s
elf-
advo
cacy
in a
ran
ge o
fse
tting
s (e
.g.,
mee
tings
, per
sona
l rel
atio
nshi
ps,
etc.
).
58
1/1'
The
par
ticip
ant r
epor
ts th
at th
eC
SHSP
is o
pen
to a
nd a
ctiv
ely
solic
itsfe
ed-b
ack
from
the
part
icip
ant a
ndre
spec
ts h
is/h
er c
once
rns.
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
D:
The
com
pete
nt C
SH
SP
pro
vide
s in
form
atio
n ab
out
hum
an, l
egal
, civ
il rig
hts
and
othe
r re
sour
ces,
faci
litat
es a
cces
s to
suc
h in
form
atio
n an
d as
sist
s th
e
part
icip
ant t
o us
e in
form
atio
n fo
r se
lf-ad
voca
cy a
nd
deci
sion
mak
ing
abou
t liv
ing,
wor
k, a
nd s
ocia
l
rela
tions
hips
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP a
nd
the
part
icip
ant s
eek
curr
ent i
nfor
mat
ion
onhu
man
, leg
al, a
nd c
ivil
righ
ts a
nd o
ther
rel
evan
tre
sour
ces.
1/'.
The
par
ticip
ant r
epor
ts th
at th
eC
SHSP
see
ks c
urre
nt in
form
atio
n on
hum
an, l
egal
, and
civ
il ri
ghts
and
othe
r re
leva
nt r
esou
rces
.
1/`
The
CSH
SP d
escr
ibes
the
rele
vant
lega
l and
civ
il ri
ghts
pro
visi
ons
that
affe
ct p
artic
ipan
ts.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SPm
akes
ref
erra
ls a
s ap
prop
riat
e to
adv
ocac
y or
lega
lVci
vil r
ight
s ag
enci
es w
ith th
e in
form
ed
cons
ent o
f th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t.
59
The
par
ticip
ant r
epor
ts r
ecei
ving
appr
opri
ate
refe
rral
s to
adv
ocac
y or
lega
l/civ
il ri
ghts
age
ncie
s as
nee
ded.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP
assi
sts,
enc
oura
ges,
and
sup
port
s th
e pa
rtic
ipan
tto
be
invo
lved
in c
ivic
act
iviti
es o
f th
eir
choi
ce
and
mak
es a
rran
gem
ents
as
need
ed to
ena
ble
part
icip
atio
n.
The
CSH
SP p
rovi
des
exam
ples
of
the
way
s in
whi
ch p
artic
ipan
ts a
rein
volv
ed in
the
civi
c lif
e of
thei
r co
m-
mun
ities
.
l'r T
heC
SHSP
mai
ntai
ns a
file
of
civi
cop
por-
tuni
ties
avai
labl
e in
the
com
mun
ity
60
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SPas
sist
s th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t to
gath
er in
form
atio
n an
dex
plor
e op
tions
and
alte
rnat
ives
with
in th
eco
mm
unity
rel
ated
to li
ving
, wor
k, a
nd s
ocia
l
rela
tions
hips
.
I "r Pa
rtic
ipan
ts r
epor
t tha
t the
CSH
SPha
s as
sist
ed th
em to
gat
her
info
rma-
tion
and
expl
ore
optio
ns th
at h
ave
help
ed th
em to
mak
e de
cisi
ons
abou
tth
eir
lives
.
......
......
.
"By
empo
wer
men
t I
mea
n co
nnec
ting
with
a co
mm
unity
of p
eers
and
care
give
rs o
n a
mut
ually
res
pect
ful
leve
l, an
d fu
lly p
artic
i-
patin
g in
the
deci
sion
s
affe
ctin
g on
e's
life.
"
Dan
iel F
ishe
r, M
.D.,
Ph.
D. (
1993
) "H
ow
Com
mun
ity P
sych
iatr
ists
and
Con
sum
er/S
urvi
vors
Can
Pro
mot
e M
utua
l
Em
pow
erm
ent."
61
page
25
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
CO
MP
ET
EN
CY
AR
EA
2
Com
mun
icat
ion
The
com
mun
ity s
uppo
rt h
uman
ser
vice
pra
ctiti
oner
shou
ld b
e kn
owle
dgea
ble
abou
t the
ran
ge o
f ef
fect
ive
com
mun
icat
ion
stra
tegi
es a
nd s
kills
nec
essa
ry to
esta
blis
h a
colla
bora
tive
rela
tions
hip
with
the
part
icip
ant.
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
A:
The
com
pete
nt C
SH
SP
use
s ef
fect
ive,
sen
sitiv
e
com
mun
icat
ion
skill
s to
bui
ld r
appo
rt a
nd 'c
hann
els
of c
omm
unic
atio
n by
rec
ogni
zing
and
ada
ptin
g to
the
rang
e of
par
ticip
ant c
omm
unic
atio
n st
yles
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP u
ses
activ
e lis
teni
ng s
kills
that
are
sen
sitiv
e to
cultu
ral a
nd in
divi
dual
com
mun
icat
ion
diff
eren
ces.
CSH
SP is
obs
erve
d us
ing
activ
elis
teni
ng s
kills
(e.
g., n
oddi
ng h
ead,
stat
emen
ts s
eeki
ng c
lari
fica
tion
of
page
26
Mit
-PfiF
2RM
AN
CE
IND
ICA
TO
R
4
info
rmat
ion
or p
arap
hras
ing
his
orhe
r un
ders
tand
ing
of is
sues
) an
dde
mon
stra
ting
sens
itivi
ty to
cul
tura
lor
dis
abili
ty d
iffe
renc
es.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP g
ives
feed
back
pro
mpt
ly a
nd w
ith s
ensi
tivity
to a
pers
on's
cul
tura
l bac
kgro
und
and
pers
onal
expe
rien
ces,
and
is o
pen
to r
ecei
ving
and
act
ing
upon
fee
dbac
k.
CSH
SP is
obs
erve
d gi
ving
, rec
eivi
ngan
d ac
ting
upon
fee
dbac
k pr
ompt
lyan
d w
ith s
ensi
tivity
to a
n in
divi
dual
'sex
peri
ence
s an
d cu
ltura
l bac
kgro
und.
63
Am
ber
usin
gco
mpu
ter
assi
stiv
e
tech
nolo
gy w
ith h
erhe
ad.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SPm
anag
es c
onfl
ict b
y us
ing
appr
opri
ate
conf
lict
reso
lutio
n sk
ills.
V T
he C
SHSP
dem
onst
rate
s th
roug
hsi
mul
atio
n (o
r ot
her
dem
onst
ratio
nssu
ch a
s ro
le p
lay)
the
com
mun
icat
ion
skill
s re
quir
ed to
man
age
conf
licts
invo
lvin
g th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP s
how
s
resp
ect f
or o
ther
s th
roug
h co
nsis
tent
use
of
"peo
ple
firs
t" la
ngua
ge.
V T
hrou
gh w
ritte
n an
d or
al c
omm
uni-
catio
ns th
e C
SHSP
dem
onst
rate
s th
eus
e of
lang
uage
that
is r
espe
ctfu
l of
the
indi
vidu
al, e
mph
asiz
es c
apab
ili-
ties,
and
is n
on-d
iscr
imin
ator
y.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SPfa
cilit
ates
par
ticip
ant's
com
mun
icat
ion
and
empo
wer
men
t of
part
icip
ants
by
supp
ortin
g an
den
gagi
ng in
eff
ectiv
e co
mm
unic
atio
n.
V G
iven
a r
ole
play
situ
atio
n, th
eC
SHSP
dem
onst
rate
s co
mm
unic
atio
nst
rate
gies
whi
ch f
acili
tate
the
part
ici-
pant
's e
mpo
wer
men
t.
64
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
B:
The
com
pete
nt C
SH
SP
has
kno
wle
dge
of a
nd u
ses
mod
es o
f com
mun
icat
ion
that
are
app
ropr
iate
to
the
com
mun
icat
ion
need
s of
par
ticip
ants
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP a
sses
ses
part
icip
ant's
dom
inan
t mod
es o
f co
mm
unic
atio
nby
inte
ract
ing
with
the
part
icip
ant,
inte
rvie
win
got
hers
who
kno
w th
e pe
rson
wel
l, an
d/or
arra
ngin
g fo
r fo
rmal
ass
essm
ents
.
V T
he C
SHSP
dem
onst
rate
s kn
owle
dge
of r
epor
ts o
r ob
serv
atio
ns w
hich
iden
-tif
y th
e co
mm
unic
atio
n sk
ills
and
need
s of
the
part
icip
ant.
V T
he C
SHSP
doc
umen
ts th
e co
mm
uni-
catio
n sk
ills
and
need
s of
the
part
ici-
pant
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP u
ses
alte
rnat
ive
'com
mun
icat
ions
(e.
g., s
ign
lang
uage
)or
oth
er la
ngua
ges,
gai
ns a
cces
s to
inte
rpre
ters
,or
can
em
ploy
or
secu
re a
ugm
enta
tive
com
mun
icat
ions
and
ass
istiv
e te
chno
logy
devi
ces
(e.g
., T
DD
, com
pute
rs)
as a
ppro
pria
te.
/ "A p
erso
n un
accu
s-
tom
ed to
sha
ring
a
drea
m n
eeds
a c
aref
ul
liste
ner.
A p
erso
n
who
se d
ream
cal
ls fo
r a
chan
ge in
his
rel
atio
n-
ship
with
an
impo
rtan
t
help
er, n
eeds
res
pect
ful
valid
atio
n an
d th
e lis
-
tene
r's w
illin
gnes
s to
figur
e ou
t a c
hang
ing
rela
tions
hip.
"
from
Rem
embe
ring
The
Sou
l Of O
ur W
ork:
Sto
ries
by th
e S
taff
of O
ptio
ns in
Com
mun
ity L
ivin
g, J
ohn
and
Con
nie
Lyle
O'B
rien,
edito
rs.
65pa
ge 2
7
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
"Lea
ders
hip
amon
g
peop
le w
ith d
isab
ilitie
s
and
thei
r fa
mili
es w
ill
be a
n im
port
ant i
ngre
-
dien
t in
the
supp
ort
syst
ems
of th
e fu
ture
.
How
ever
, suc
h le
ader
-
ship
mus
t be
nurt
ured
and
deve
lope
d at
the
gras
sroo
ts le
vel t
o
ensu
re th
at n
ew,
mor
e pa
rtic
ipat
ory
appr
oach
es d
o no
t
resu
lt in
toke
nism
or
pre-
empt
ion.
"
Val
erie
Bra
dley
, Cre
at-
ing
Indi
vidu
al S
uppo
rts
for
Peo
ple
with
Dev
elop
men
-
tal D
isab
ilitie
s: A
Man
date
for
Cha
nge
at M
any
Leve
ls.
page
28
V T
he p
artic
ipan
t has
acc
esse
d an
d ca
nde
mon
stra
te th
e us
e of
com
mun
icat
ion
devi
ces/
styl
es th
atm
eet h
is o
r he
r ne
eds
as a
res
ult o
f th
eC
SHSP
's in
terv
entio
n.
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
C:
The
ski
lled
CS
HS
P le
arns
and
use
s te
rmin
olog
y
appr
opria
tely
, exp
lain
ing
as n
eces
sary
to e
nsur
e
part
icip
ant u
nder
stan
ding
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he s
kille
d C
SHSP
und
erst
ands
mea
ning
ofte
chni
cal t
erm
s in
the
fiel
d.
V G
iven
a li
st o
f te
chni
cal t
erm
inol
ogy
(e.g
. adu
lt da
ily li
ving
, lea
rnin
g di
s-ab
led,
etc
.), t
he C
SHSP
acc
urat
ely
prov
ides
def
initi
ons
and
desc
ribe
sap
prop
riat
e us
es o
f th
ese
term
s.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he s
kille
d C
SHSP
use
s
term
inol
ogy
appr
opri
atel
y an
d ac
cura
tely
inw
ork
envi
ronm
ents
suc
h as
team
mee
tings
, cas
eco
nfer
ence
s, w
ritte
n co
rres
pond
ence
,su
perv
isor
y m
eetin
gs, e
tc.
66
V A
rev
iew
of
the
CSH
SP's
wri
tten
docu
-m
enta
tion
show
s th
at th
e C
SHSP
tech
-ni
cal t
erm
inol
ogy
was
use
d in
an
appr
opri
ate
man
ner.
V T
he C
SHSP
's s
uper
viso
r an
d/or
tenu
red
peer
s re
port
that
the
CSH
SPus
ed te
rmin
olog
y ap
prop
riat
ely
and
accu
rate
ly in
team
mee
tings
and
cas
eco
nfer
ence
s.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he s
kille
d C
SHSP
use
s
term
inol
ogy
appr
opri
atel
y, a
ccur
atel
y, a
ndse
nsiti
vely
with
par
ticip
ants
, the
ir f
amili
es, a
ndth
eir
soci
al n
etw
ork
in o
rder
to f
acili
tate
thei
rde
cisi
on-m
akin
g, s
elf-
eval
uatio
n, a
nd g
oal
setti
ng.
V T
he p
artic
ipan
t and
his
or
her
fam
ily/f
rien
ds r
epor
t tha
t the
CSH
SPus
ed te
chni
cal t
erm
inol
ogy
in a
nap
prop
riat
e, a
ccur
ate
and
sens
itive
man
ner.
67
CO
MP
ET
EN
CY
AR
EA
3:
02A
sses
smen
tT
he c
omm
unity
sup
port
hum
an s
ervi
ce p
ract
ition
ersh
ould
be
know
ledg
eabl
e ab
out f
orm
al a
nd in
form
alas
sess
men
t pra
ctic
es in
ord
er to
res
pond
to th
e ne
eds,
desi
res
and
inte
rest
s of
the
part
icip
ants
.
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
A:
The
com
pete
nt C
SH
SP
initi
ates
or
assi
sts
in th
e
initi
atio
n of
an
asse
ssm
ent p
roce
ss b
y ga
ther
ing
info
rmat
ion
(e.g
., pa
rtic
ipan
t's s
elf-
asse
ssm
ent a
nd
hist
ory,
prio
r re
cord
s, te
st r
esul
ts, e
valu
atio
n re
sults
,
addi
tiona
l eva
luat
ion)
and
info
rmin
g th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t
abou
t wha
t to
expe
ct th
roug
hout
the
asse
ssm
ent
proc
ess.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP r
espe
cts
the
bala
nce
betw
een
an a
sses
smen
t of
need
s an
dth
e im
port
ance
of
iden
tifyi
ng a
nd s
uppo
rtin
g th
epa
rtic
ipan
t cap
abili
ties
and
stre
ngth
s.
68
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
V°
All
verb
al a
nd w
ritte
n as
sess
men
tsco
mpl
eted
by
the
CSH
SP r
efle
ct b
oth
the
stre
ngth
s an
d ne
eds
of p
artic
i-pa
nts
in a
res
pect
ful m
anne
r em
pha-
sizi
ng th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t's c
apab
ilitie
s.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP in
itiat
esan
d id
entif
ies
asse
ssm
ents
that
are
rel
evan
t to
the
part
icip
ant's
goa
ls, i
nter
ests
, and
pre
fere
nces
and
that
are
con
sist
ent w
ith r
elev
ant p
rofe
ssio
nal
prac
tice.
A O
tis K
enda
ll an
dhi
s si
ster
Qui
ana
rela
x
afte
r sc
hool
. 69
10°
= P
ER
FO
RM
AN
CE
IND
ICA
TO
Rpa
ge 2
9
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
"Reh
abili
tatio
n
serv
ices
are
cur
rent
ly
bein
g bu
ffete
d by
pow
-
erfu
l for
ces,
incl
udin
g
reci
pien
t em
pow
erm
ent,
cost
con
tain
men
t, an
d
acco
unta
bilit
y. T
hese
forc
es a
re c
ausi
ng u
s
to fo
cus
incr
easi
ngly
on th
e is
sue
of w
hat
reha
bilit
atio
n ac
tual
ly
achi
eves
for
serv
ice
reci
pien
ts, a
nd h
ow
thos
e ac
hiev
emen
ts
can
be id
entif
ied
and
mea
sure
d."
Rob
ert L
. Sch
aloc
k,"A
sses
smen
t of N
atur
al
Sup
port
s in
Com
mun
ity
Reh
abili
tatio
n S
ervi
ces"
in
Com
mun
ity R
ehab
ilita
tion
for
Peo
ple
with
Dis
abili
ties,
Kor
an a
nd G
reen
span
(199
5).
page
30
V T
he p
artic
ipan
t and
his
/her
fam
ily/f
rien
ds r
epor
t tha
t the
CSH
SPbe
gins
the
asse
ssm
ent p
roce
ss b
y el
ic-
iting
fro
m th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t his
/her
idea
s ab
out d
esir
ed g
oals
.
V A
ll w
ritte
n an
d ve
rbal
ass
essm
ents
com
plet
ed b
y th
e C
SHSP
are
with
inth
e gu
idel
ines
, pol
icie
s an
dpr
oced
ures
of
the
agen
cy, a
nd e
thic
alst
anda
rds
of th
e pr
ofes
sion
as
appr
o-pr
iate
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SPre
cogn
izes
eth
ical
con
flic
ts r
elat
ed to
ass
essm
ent
prac
tices
(e.
g., l
abel
ing,
con
fide
ntia
lity)
.
70
V T
he C
SHSP
's s
uper
viso
r an
d/or
tenu
red
peer
s re
port
that
the
CSH
SPdi
scus
sed
with
them
the
pote
ntia
l eth
-ic
al c
onfl
icts
rel
ated
to a
sses
smen
tpr
actic
es.
1 T
he C
SHSP
dis
sem
inat
es a
sses
smen
tin
form
atio
n on
ly to
thos
e pe
ople
or
agen
cies
that
are
aut
hori
zed
tore
ceiv
e su
ch in
form
atio
n.
V T
he C
SHSP
is o
bser
ved
usin
g as
sess
-m
ent i
nfor
mat
ion
in a
res
pons
ible
man
ner
and
conv
eyin
g re
sults
toth
e
indi
vidu
al a
nd h
is/h
er f
amily
/fri
ends
in a
cle
ar a
nd n
on-s
tigm
atiz
ing
man
ner.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP e
xpla
ins
the
asse
ssm
ent p
roce
ss to
the
part
icip
ant i
n a
man
ner
that
's c
lear
and
und
erst
anda
ble.
V T
he C
SHSP
is o
bser
ved
expl
aini
ng th
eas
sess
men
t pro
cess
in a
n un
ders
tand
-ab
le m
anne
r.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP o
btai
nsba
ckgr
ound
info
rmat
ion,
pri
or r
ecor
ds a
ndev
alua
tion
resu
lts a
s ne
eded
with
par
ticip
ant's
info
rmed
con
sent
and
whi
le m
aint
aini
ng
conf
iden
tialit
y.
V T
he C
SHSP
obt
ains
wri
tten
or v
erba
lin
form
ed c
onse
nt, b
efor
e in
itiat
ing
form
al a
nd in
form
al a
sses
smen
tsw
ith a
par
ticip
ant.
V G
iven
info
rmed
con
sent
, the
CSH
SPre
ads
and
verb
ally
rep
orts
/dis
cuss
espe
rtin
ent h
isto
rica
l inf
orm
atio
n (e
.g.,
hous
ing
issu
es, l
egal
issu
es, e
tc.)
rega
rdin
g th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t with
his
/her
supe
rvis
or a
nd th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t.
71
i/ C
ompl
eted
ass
essm
ents
incl
ude
a pa
r-tic
ipan
t's p
ertin
ent h
isto
rica
lba
ckgr
ound
info
rmat
ion.
WI
In a
ccor
danc
e w
ith f
eder
al a
nd s
tate
stat
utes
/reg
ulat
ions
and
age
ncy
poli-
cies
, and
as
repo
rted
by
the
part
icip
ant,
his/
her
fam
ily/f
rien
ds a
ndth
e su
perv
isor
, the
CSH
SP m
aint
ains
the
conf
iden
tialit
y of
all
asse
ssm
ent
info
rmat
ion.
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
B:
The
com
pete
nt C
SH
SP
con
duct
s or
arr
ange
s fo
r
asse
ssm
ents
to d
eter
min
e th
e ne
eds,
pre
fere
nces
,
and
capa
bilit
ies
of th
e pa
rtic
ipan
ts u
sing
appr
opria
te a
sses
smen
t too
ls a
nd s
trat
egie
s,
revi
ewin
g th
e pr
oces
s fo
r in
cons
iste
ncie
s, a
nd
mak
ing
corr
ectio
ns a
s ne
cess
ary.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP g
athe
rsas
sess
men
t inf
orm
atio
n in
an
accu
rate
, obj
ectiv
ean
d un
obtr
usiv
e m
anne
r.
i/1 T
he s
uper
viso
r de
term
ines
that
the
CSH
SP h
as g
athe
red
accu
rate
ass
ess-
men
t inf
orm
atio
n. 72
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
i-W
hen
com
pare
d to
the
sam
eas
sess
men
t com
plet
ed b
y a
tenu
red
peer
, the
str
uctu
re a
nd lo
gic
of th
eC
SHSP
's a
sses
smen
t are
sim
ilar.
fro"
The
CSH
SP s
eeks
fee
dbac
k fr
omte
nure
d pe
ers,
the
part
icip
ant,
the
part
icip
ant's
fam
ily/f
rien
ds a
ndhi
s/he
r su
perv
isor
on
the
accu
racy
of
the
com
plet
ed a
sses
smen
t.
Pot T
he C
SHSP
dis
cuss
es w
ith h
is/h
ersu
perv
isor
, the
par
ticip
ant a
ndhi
s/he
r fa
mily
/fri
ends
pot
entia
l cul
tur-
al b
iase
s re
late
d to
info
rmal
and
for
-m
al (
stan
dard
ized
ass
essm
ents
- e.
g.IQ
test
s, M
MPI
) as
sess
men
ts.
i#V
erba
l and
wri
tten
asse
ssm
ent
repo
rts
com
plet
ed b
y th
e C
SHSP
are
free
fro
m b
ias
(e.g
., cu
ltura
l, ge
nder
,ag
e, s
exua
l ori
enta
tion)
.
i/ T
he C
SHSP
's s
uper
viso
r an
d pe
ers
repo
rt th
at th
e C
SHSP
has
dis
cuss
edhi
s/he
r ow
n bi
ases
and
val
ues
and
reco
gniz
es h
ow th
ese
bias
es c
an in
flu-
ence
the
asse
ssm
ent p
roce
ss.
10...
...1
"To
disc
over
a n
ew w
ay
of c
omin
g to
kno
w
thei
r cl
ient
s as
peo
ple,
the
part
icip
atin
g st
aff
mus
t be
intr
oduc
ed to
a to
ol th
at is
gro
unde
d
in th
e va
lues
, bel
iefs
,
and
assu
mpt
ions
of
typi
cal c
itize
nshi
p an
d
com
mun
ity."
Jerr
y K
iraco
fe in
Cre
at-
ing
Indi
vidu
al S
uppo
rts
for
Peo
ple
with
Dev
elop
men
-
tal D
isab
ilitie
s: A
Man
date
for
Cha
nge
at M
any
Leve
ls
(199
4).
73
page
31
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
Wr
"As
we
have
mov
ed
away
from
trad
ition
al
asse
ssm
ent a
nd in
ter-
vent
ion
para
digm
s
tow
ard
mor
e fu
nctio
nal
orie
ntat
ions
, we
have
gain
ed a
gre
ater
app
re-
ciat
ion
of c
omm
unic
a-
tion
as a
dyn
amic
proc
ess.
"
Ste
phen
N. C
alcu
lato
r,"C
omm
unic
atio
nS
cien
ces"
in C
omm
unity
Reh
abili
tatio
n S
ervi
ces
for
Peo
ple
with
Dis
abili
ties
(199
5).
page
32
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SPre
cogn
izes
his
/her
lim
itatio
ns r
egar
ding
asse
ssm
ent a
nd s
eeks
add
ition
al a
sses
smen
tin
form
atio
n an
d re
sour
ces.
The
par
ticip
ant,
supe
rvis
or a
nd f
ami-
ly/f
rien
ds r
epor
t tha
t the
CSH
SPre
ques
ted
addi
tiona
l ass
essm
ent
info
rmat
ion/
reso
urce
s w
hen
com
plet
-in
g, r
evie
win
g or
ana
lyzi
ngas
sess
men
ts.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP g
athe
rsin
form
atio
n ab
out t
he p
artic
ipan
t's c
apab
ilitie
s,be
havi
ors
and
skill
s in
a n
umbe
r of
envi
ronm
ents
, and
syn
thes
izes
this
info
rmat
ion
into
an
indi
vidu
aliz
ed a
ctio
n pl
an.
74
The
CSH
SP r
ecor
ds r
efle
ct th
at h
e or
she
has
gath
ered
ass
essm
ent i
nfor
ma-
tion
on c
apab
ilitie
s, b
ehav
iors
and
skill
s in
thos
e en
viro
nmen
ts in
whi
chth
e sk
ills
are
to b
e us
ed.
i/ A
sses
smen
ts c
ompl
eted
by
the
CSH
SPin
clud
e re
com
men
datio
ns f
orsu
ppor
ting
the
part
icip
ant a
cros
s re
l-ev
ant e
nvir
onm
ents
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP c
onsu
ltsw
ith th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t and
indi
vidu
als
desi
gnat
edby
the
part
icip
ant i
nclu
ding
sup
port
team
mem
bers
to r
evie
w a
nd m
odif
y th
e as
sess
men
tpr
oces
s.
PIN
The
CSH
SP's
sup
ervi
sor
and
tenu
red
peer
s re
port
that
the
CSH
SP h
as d
is-
cuss
ed a
sses
smen
t pro
cedu
res
befo
rede
term
inin
g w
hat,
whe
n an
d ho
was
sess
men
ts w
ill b
e co
mpl
eted
.
The
par
ticip
ant r
epor
ts th
at th
eC
SHSP
con
sulte
d hi
m/h
er r
egar
ding
the
asse
ssm
ent p
roce
ss.
1/ W
hen
indi
cate
d, f
amily
/fri
ends
rep
ort
that
the
CSH
SP c
onsu
lted
them
rega
rdin
g th
e as
sess
men
t pro
cess
.
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
C:
The
com
pete
nt C
SH
SP
dis
cuss
es fi
ndin
gs a
nd
reco
mm
enda
tions
with
the
part
icip
ant i
n a
clea
r an
d
unde
rsta
ndab
le m
anne
r, fo
llow
ing
up o
n re
sults
and
reev
alua
ting
the
findi
ngs
as n
eces
sary
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP g
ives
and
rece
ives
fee
dbac
k on
res
ults
of
asse
ssm
ents
and
75
disc
usse
s ad
vant
ages
and
dis
adva
ntag
es o
fva
riou
s as
sess
men
t opt
ions
with
the
part
icip
ant
and
mem
bers
of
his
or h
er f
amily
/fri
ends
as
appr
opri
ate.
i/r T
he p
artic
ipan
t rep
orts
that
the
CSH
SP d
iscu
ssed
the
resu
lts a
nd r
ec-
omm
enda
tions
in a
n un
ders
tand
able
fash
ion.
iT
he C
SHSP
doc
umen
ts h
ow a
nd w
hen
he/s
he d
iscu
ssed
ass
essm
ent r
esul
tsan
d re
com
men
datio
ns w
ith th
e pa
r-tic
ipan
t and
his
/her
fam
ily/f
rien
ds.
i/1 T
he p
artic
ipan
t and
his
/her
fam
ily/f
rien
ds r
epor
t tha
t the
CSH
SPdi
scus
sed
and
rece
ived
fee
dbac
kre
gard
ing
the
asse
ssm
ent r
esul
ts a
ndre
com
men
datio
ns.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP h
elps
the
part
icip
ant t
o us
e fi
ndin
gs o
f th
e as
sess
men
ts to
deve
lop
stra
tegi
es f
or o
btai
ning
nee
ded
reso
urce
san
d su
ppor
ts.
I/ T
he C
SHSP
dev
elop
s or
con
trib
utes
toa
wri
tten
actio
n pl
an w
ith th
ein
volv
emen
t of
the
part
icip
ant a
nd h
isor
her
fam
ily/f
rien
ds th
at in
corp
orat
es
76
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
find
ings
of
the
asse
ssm
ent a
ndre
sour
ces.
i/" T
he p
artic
ipan
t rep
orts
that
the
CSH
SP a
ssis
ted
him
/her
in o
btai
ning
need
ed s
uppo
rts
desi
gned
to a
chie
vepe
rson
al g
oals
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:W
hen
a pa
rtic
ipan
t dis
agre
esw
ith th
e re
sult
of th
e as
sess
men
t, th
e co
mpe
tent
CSH
SP a
ssis
ts th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t to
advo
cate
for
his
or h
er p
ositi
on.
1/1"
The
CSH
SP c
an d
ocum
ent i
nsta
nces
whe
re h
e or
she
arr
ange
d fo
r an
oppo
rtun
ity (
e.g.
, mee
ting,
info
rmal
disc
ussi
on, m
edia
tion,
gri
evan
ce p
ro-
cedu
re)
for
the
part
icip
ant t
o vo
ice
his/
her
conc
ern
rega
rdin
g th
e as
sess
-m
ent r
esul
ts a
nd o
rre
com
men
datio
ns.
"Str
engt
hs a
sses
smen
t
requ
ires
that
an
inti-
mat
e w
orki
ng r
elat
ion-
ship
be
deve
lope
d
betw
een
the
case
man
-
ager
and
the
clie
nt
whi
ch s
potli
ghts
the
indi
vidu
al a
s a
com
plet
e pe
rson
with
need
s in
man
y lif
e
dom
ains
."
Nor
ma
Rad
ol R
aiff
(199
2) "
Cur
ricul
um fo
r
Com
mun
ity B
ased
Adu
lt
Cas
e M
anag
emen
t
Tra
inin
g." 77
page
33
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
page
34
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP m
akes
ade
term
inat
ion
abou
t the
val
idity
of
the
asse
ssm
ent f
indi
ngs
base
d on
kno
wle
dge
of th
epa
rtic
ipan
t and
the
envi
ronm
ent,
and
com
mun
icat
es h
is/h
er ju
dgm
ent t
o th
epa
rtic
ipan
t and
sup
port
team
eff
ectiv
ely.
78
1/1
Giv
en a
sce
nari
o, th
e C
SHSP
desc
ribe
s th
e va
lidity
and
app
ropr
i-at
enes
s of
the
asse
ssm
ent r
esul
ts a
ndre
com
men
datio
ns.
I.T
he C
SHSP
's s
uper
viso
r, th
e pa
rtic
i-pa
nt a
nd th
eir
fam
ily/f
rien
ds r
epor
tth
at th
e C
SHSP
com
mun
icat
ed h
is/h
erde
term
inat
ion
rega
rdin
g th
e va
lidity
of a
sses
smen
t fin
ding
s.
AM
ike
usin
g ad
aptiv
ete
chno
logy
to ta
lk to
visi
tors
at a
Sta
te P
ark
Ran
ger
Sta
tion
79
CO
MP
ET
EN
CY
AR
EA
4:
Com
mun
ity a
ndSe
rvic
e N
etw
orki
ngT
he c
omm
unity
sup
port
hum
an s
ervi
ce p
ract
ition
er s
houl
d be
know
ledg
eabl
e ab
out t
he f
orm
al a
nd in
form
al s
uppo
rts
avai
labl
ein
his
or
her
com
mun
ity a
nd s
kille
d in
ass
istin
g th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t to
iden
tify
and
gain
acc
ess
to s
uch
supp
orts
.
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
A:
The
com
pete
nt C
SH
SP
hel
ps to
iden
tify
the
need
s of
the
part
icip
ant f
or c
omm
unity
sup
port
s, w
orki
ng
with
the
part
icip
ant's
info
rmal
sup
port
sys
tem
, and
assi
stin
g w
ith, o
r in
itiat
ing
iden
tifie
d co
mm
unity
conn
ectio
ns.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP u
ses
form
al s
essi
ons
and
info
rmal
mee
tings
(at
hom
e,du
ring
leis
ure
activ
ities
, etc
.) w
ith th
epa
rtic
ipan
t to
lear
n ab
out t
he p
artic
ipan
t'sne
eds,
pre
fere
nces
, str
engt
hs, a
nd p
oten
tial
supp
orts
.
80
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
If C
SHSP
doc
umen
ts w
hen,
with
who
m,
whe
re th
e in
form
atio
n w
as g
athe
red
and
desc
ribe
s th
e ne
eds,
pre
fere
nces
,st
reng
ths
and
pote
ntia
l sup
port
s of
the
part
icip
ant b
y us
ing
the
pers
on's
term
inol
ogy
and
expr
essi
ons
asap
prop
riat
e.
if P
artic
ipan
t exp
ress
es s
atis
fact
ion
that
his/
her
need
s, p
refe
renc
es, s
tren
gths
and
pote
ntia
l sup
port
s ha
ve b
een
accu
rate
ly id
entif
ied
(i.e
., fo
rmal
and
info
rmal
inte
rvie
ws
and
surv
ey).
BE
ST
CO
PY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
Ful
l par
ticip
atio
nin
com
mun
ity li
fe o
ften
invo
lves
spi
ritua
len
richm
ent.
= P
ER
FO
RM
AN
CE
IND
ICA
TO
Rpa
ge 3
5
81
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
".-r
edis
cove
ring
the
impo
rtan
ce fo
r al
l peo
-
ple
of b
eing
and
feel
ing
embe
dded
in a
web
of
pers
onal
rel
atio
nshi
ps,
an e
ssen
tial e
lem
ent
we
som
ehow
neg
lect
ed
in o
ur e
nthu
sias
m to
build
wha
t we
conc
eive
d
to b
e ca
ring
syst
ems.
"
Dav
id B
. Sch
war
tz in
Cro
ssin
g T
he R
iver
:
Cre
atin
g a
Con
cept
ual
Rev
olut
ion
in C
omm
unity
& D
isab
ility
(19
92).
page
36
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP, i
n
colla
bora
tion
with
the
part
icip
ant,
visi
ts w
ithfa
mily
/fri
ends
to g
athe
r in
form
atio
n an
d su
ppor
t.
CSH
SP d
ocum
ents
that
the
avai
labi
li-ty
of
fam
ily/f
rien
ds is
exp
lore
d.
CSH
SP p
rodu
ces
a su
mm
ary
of v
isits
and
info
rmat
ion
gath
ered
fro
m f
ami-
ly/f
rien
ds.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SPin
corp
orat
es r
elev
ant b
ackg
roun
d in
form
atio
n(s
ocia
l, hi
stor
y, o
ther
rec
ords
, ass
essm
ents
, etc
.)in
to h
is o
r he
r un
ders
tand
ing
of th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t.
CSH
SP c
an p
rovi
de e
xam
ples
of
info
r-m
atio
n co
llect
ed (
soci
al h
isto
ry, o
ther
reco
rds,
ass
essm
ents
, etc
.) w
hich
info
rm th
e go
al s
ettin
g pr
oces
s fo
rpa
rtic
ular
par
ticip
ants
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP a
ssis
ts
the
part
icip
ant t
o m
ake
linka
ges,
and
pro
vide
ssu
ppor
t to
enha
nce
the
use
of in
form
al s
uppo
rts
in h
is o
r he
r co
mm
unity
and
nei
ghbo
rhoo
d.
82
V T
he p
artic
ipan
t rep
orts
an
incr
ease
infr
eque
ncy
and
num
ber
of c
onta
cts
with
info
rmal
sup
port
s in
the
com
mu-
nity
and
nei
ghbo
rhoo
d as
ass
iste
d by
the
CSH
SP.
tf C
SHSP
can
pro
vide
spe
cifi
c ex
ampl
esof
the
way
s in
whi
ch h
e or
she
has
supp
orte
d in
divi
dual
s in
mak
ing
link-
ages
with
info
rmal
sup
port
s in
thei
rco
mm
uniti
es (
i.e.,
stra
tegi
es f
or r
ela-
tions
hip
build
ing,
tran
spor
tatio
n an
dso
cial
and
cou
nsel
ing
reso
urce
s).
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP is
act
ive
in c
omm
unity
and
nei
ghbo
rhoo
d ev
ents
,or
gani
zatio
ns, a
nd a
ssoc
iatio
ns a
nd is
know
ledg
eabl
e ab
out c
omm
unity
and
neig
hbor
hood
res
ourc
es.
CSH
SP h
as li
sts
of c
omm
unity
and
neig
hbor
hood
res
ourc
es.
CSH
SP r
ecor
ds r
egul
ar a
ttend
ance
at
com
mun
ity, o
rgan
izat
ion
and
asso
ci-
atio
n ev
ents
. 83
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
B:
The
com
pete
nt C
SH
SP
res
earc
hes,
dev
elop
s, a
nd
mai
ntai
ns in
form
atio
n on
com
mun
ity a
nd o
ther
reso
urce
s re
leva
nt to
the
need
s of
par
ticip
ants
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP k
now
sho
w to
sec
ure
curr
ent i
nfor
mat
ion
abou
t gen
eric
com
mun
ity r
esou
rces
(e.
g., t
rans
port
atio
n,re
crea
tion,
soc
ial o
rgan
izat
ions
, etc
.) a
nd m
akes
this
info
rmat
ion
avai
labl
e to
par
ticip
ants
.
V T
he C
SHSP
res
earc
hes,
com
pile
s, a
ndke
eps
an u
p-to
-dat
e po
rtfo
lio o
f re
le-
vant
com
mun
ity a
nd r
esou
rce
info
r-m
atio
n th
at is
res
pons
ive
to th
e pa
r-tic
ipan
ts' n
eeds
and
pre
fere
nces
.
V T
he p
artic
ipan
t sta
tes
that
this
info
r-m
atio
n is
pro
vide
d to
him
or
her
in a
timel
y m
anne
r an
d is
use
ful t
o hi
s or
her
need
s.
84
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
C:
The
com
pete
nt C
SH
SP
ens
ures
par
ticip
ant a
cces
s to
need
ed c
omm
unity
res
ourc
es c
oord
inat
ing
supp
orts
acro
ss a
genc
ies.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP id
entif
ies
fact
ors
that
hel
p or
hin
der
utili
zatio
n of
com
mun
ity r
esou
rces
, and
use
s th
is in
form
atio
nto
ove
rcom
e ba
rrie
rs th
roug
h pr
oble
m s
olvi
ngan
d th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
alte
rnat
ive
stra
tegi
es.
V G
iven
a s
cena
rio,
the
CSH
SP d
evel
ops
an a
naly
sis
of th
e po
tent
ial o
bsta
cles
and
oppo
rtun
ities
to u
tiliz
ing
agen
cyan
d co
mm
unity
res
ourc
es, i
nclu
ding
prob
lem
sol
ving
and
alte
rnat
ive
stra
tegi
es.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP
colla
bora
tes
and
shar
es in
form
atio
n w
ith s
taff
inex
tern
al s
ervi
ce a
nd s
uppo
rt o
rgan
izat
ions
.
V C
SHSP
pro
vide
s ex
ampl
es o
f co
llabo
-ra
tive
rela
tions
hips
that
res
ulte
d in
part
icip
ant a
cces
s an
d su
ppor
t.
85pa
ge 3
7
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
"Ser
vice
pro
visi
on is
base
d on
indi
vidu
al
desi
res
and
need
s
rath
er th
an c
ateg
oric
al
grou
ping
s or
diag
nose
s."
G. W
right
, (19
80)
Tot
alR
ehab
ilita
iton
page
38
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP s
uppo
rts
the
part
icip
ants
in m
akin
g co
ntac
ts w
ith o
ther
agen
cies
and
per
sona
lly in
terv
enes
whe
nne
cess
ary
to e
nsur
e th
at th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t gai
nsac
cess
to n
eede
d re
sour
ces.
W"
The
par
ticip
ant r
epor
ts m
akin
g su
c-ce
ssfu
l con
nect
ions
with
the
inte
rnal
and
exte
rnal
ser
vice
and
sup
port
orga
niza
tions
.
1/1
CSH
SP m
aint
ains
a r
ecor
d of
feed
back
(e.
g., a
fol
der
of le
tters
, log
s)fr
om th
e in
tern
al a
nd e
xter
nal
com
mun
ity r
esou
rces
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SPco
mm
unic
ates
as
need
ed w
ith s
taff
of
his
or h
eror
gani
zatio
n to
ens
ure
part
icip
ant a
cces
s to
agen
cy w
ide
reso
urce
s an
d m
akes
reco
mm
enda
tions
to c
lose
gap
s in
age
ncy
reso
urce
s.
8,6
iT
he C
SHSP
sum
mar
izes
inte
rnal
agen
cy r
esou
rces
and
pro
vide
sev
iden
ce o
f ap
prop
riat
e re
ferr
al a
ndw
here
indi
cate
d pr
ovid
es e
xam
ples
of
prog
ram
mod
ific
atio
ns h
e or
she
has
sugg
este
d.
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
D:
The
com
pete
nt C
SH
SP
par
ticip
ates
in o
utre
ach
to
pote
ntia
l par
ticip
ants
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SPco
llabo
rate
s w
ith o
ther
sta
ff in
the
agen
cy to
deve
lop
an o
rgan
izat
iona
l str
ateg
y fo
r ou
trea
ch.
k T
he s
uper
viso
r re
port
s th
at th
eC
SHSP
par
ticip
ates
in th
e pl
anni
ngpr
oces
s to
dev
elop
an
orga
niza
tiona
lpl
an f
or o
utre
ach
(i.e
., w
ritte
n an
dve
rbal
mar
ketin
g in
form
atio
n, ta
rget
-in
g ou
trea
ch g
roup
s, m
etho
ds o
f di
s-se
min
atio
n of
info
rmat
ion)
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP, a
sap
prop
riat
e, n
etw
orks
with
oth
er c
omm
unity
agen
cies
to id
entif
y po
tent
ial p
artic
ipan
ts.
i#1
The
CSH
SP m
aint
ains
a r
ecor
d of
con
-ta
cts
and
outc
omes
with
com
mun
ityag
enci
es to
iden
tify
pote
ntia
l par
tici-
pant
s.
87
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP, w
hen
indi
cate
d, p
artic
ipat
es e
ffec
tivel
y in
com
mun
ityed
ucat
ion
prog
ram
s ge
ared
to p
artic
ipan
tou
trea
ch.
1/1
The
pre
sent
atio
n sk
ills
of th
e C
SHSP
wer
e ra
ted
as e
ffec
tive
by th
e sp
onso
rof
the
educ
atio
n pr
ogra
m.
88
so
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
I
4B
y ne
twor
king
with
frie
nds,
Fre
d fo
und
wor
k th
at h
e en
joys
.
89pa
ge 3
9
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
CO
MP
EN
TE
NC
Y A
RE
A 5
:
rpm
Faci
litat
ion
of S
ervi
ces
The
com
mun
ity s
uppo
rt h
uman
ser
vice
pra
ctiti
oner
iskn
owle
dgea
ble
abou
t a r
ange
of
part
icip
ator
y pl
anni
ngte
chni
ques
and
is s
kille
d in
impl
emen
ting
plan
s in
aco
llabo
rativ
e an
d ex
pedi
tious
man
ner.
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CS
HS
P m
aint
ains
col
labo
rativ
e
prof
essi
onal
rel
atio
nshi
ps w
ith th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t and
all s
uppo
rt te
am m
embe
rs (
incl
udin
g fa
mily
/frie
nds)
,
follo
ws
ethi
cal s
tand
ards
of p
ract
ice
(e.g
.,
conf
iden
tialit
y, in
form
ed c
onse
nt e
tc.)
, and
reco
gniz
es h
is o
r he
r ow
n pe
rson
al li
mita
tions
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP
mai
ntai
ns c
onfi
dent
ialit
y of
par
ticip
ant
info
rmat
ion
in f
orm
al a
s w
ell a
s in
form
al
setti
ngs.
90
page
40
Pat
= P
ER
FO
RM
AN
CE
IND
ICA
TO
R
V T
he C
SHSP
des
crib
es c
onfi
dent
ialit
ygu
idel
ines
and
pro
cedu
res
(e.g
.,gu
ardi
ng a
gain
st th
e us
e of
per
son'
sfu
ll na
me
for
publ
ic r
elea
se, t
he in
ap-
prop
riat
e re
leas
e or
sha
ring
of
info
r-m
atio
n).
V T
he C
SHSP
's p
erfo
rman
ce a
ppra
isal
sin
dica
te a
dher
ence
to r
equi
red
conf
i-de
ntia
lity
guid
elin
es a
nd p
roce
dure
s.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP a
ttend
s
supp
ort t
eam
mee
tings
whe
n ap
prop
riat
e.
91
A J
im R
oss
ofM
assa
chus
etts
Fam
ilies
Org
aniz
ing
for
Cha
nge
lead
s a
part
icip
ator
y
plan
ning
ses
sion
.
V R
ecor
ds s
how
that
the
CSH
SP a
ttend
ssu
ppor
t tea
m m
eetin
gs w
hen
appr
o-pr
iate
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP w
orks
coop
erat
ivel
y w
ith a
nd r
espe
cts
all s
uppo
rt te
amm
embe
rs a
nd th
eir
cont
ribu
tions
to th
epa
rtic
ipan
t's w
ell-
bein
g.
V T
he p
artic
ipan
t and
sup
port
team
stat
e th
at th
e C
SHSP
list
ens
to th
epa
rtic
ipan
t and
incl
udes
his
or
her
info
rmat
ion
in th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t's p
lan.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SPre
cogn
izes
whe
n a
prod
uctiv
e re
latio
nshi
p w
ithth
e pa
rtic
ipan
t is
jeop
ardi
zed
and
addr
esse
s th
epr
oble
m b
y se
ekin
g su
perv
isor
y su
ppor
t and
/or
tran
sfer
ring
ser
vice
s w
hen
nece
ssar
y.
V T
he C
SHSP
dem
onst
rate
s kn
owle
dge
of d
efin
ed e
thic
al s
tand
ards
per
tain
-in
g to
the
help
ing
rela
tions
hip
(e.g
.,ag
ency
pol
icy,
pro
fess
iona
l cod
es o
fet
hics
, etc
.).
V T
he s
uper
viso
r re
port
s th
at th
eC
SHSP
ack
now
ledg
es h
is o
r he
r fe
el-
ings
reg
ardi
ng p
oten
tial p
robl
ems
in a
92
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
part
icul
ar p
artic
ipan
t rel
atio
nshi
p,an
d re
spec
ts a
ppro
pria
te b
ound
arie
sin
the
help
ing
rela
tions
hip.
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
B:
The
com
pete
nt C
SH
SP
ass
ists
and
/or
faci
litat
es th
e
deve
lopm
ent o
f an
indi
vidu
aliz
ed p
lan
base
d on
part
icip
ant p
refe
renc
es, n
eeds
and
inte
rest
s.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SPes
tabl
ishe
s a
posi
tive
rela
tions
hip
with
the
par-
ticip
ant i
n or
der
to a
dvoc
ate
with
the
part
icip
ant
in g
oal d
evel
opm
ent w
ith s
uppo
rt te
am m
embe
rs.
V T
he s
uper
viso
r ob
serv
es th
at th
eC
SHSP
act
ivel
y lis
tens
to th
e pa
rtic
i-pa
nt's
pre
fere
nces
, int
eres
ts a
ndne
eds.
V T
he s
uper
viso
r ob
serv
es th
at th
eC
SHSP
est
ablis
hes
good
wor
king
rel
a-tio
nshi
ps w
ith m
any
part
icip
ants
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SPre
pres
ents
the
view
s of
the
part
icip
ant r
egar
ding
his/
her
pref
eren
ces,
nee
ds, a
nd in
tere
sts
duri
ngth
e pl
anni
ng p
roce
ss.
"The
effe
ctiv
enes
s of
a
plan
dep
ends
on
a su
p-
port
gro
up o
f
conc
erne
d pe
ople
who
mak
e a
drea
m r
ealit
y
by le
arni
ng to
sol
ve
prob
lem
s, b
uild
com
-
mun
ity, a
nd c
hang
e
orga
niza
tions
toge
ther
over
tim
e."
Bet
h M
ount
in C
reat
ing
Indi
vidu
al S
uppo
rts
for
Peo
ple
with
Dev
elop
-
men
tal D
isab
ilitie
s: A
Man
date
for
Cha
nge
at
Man
y Le
vels
."
93pa
ge 4
1
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
"Col
labo
ratio
n ca
n be
built
with
in th
e m
enta
l
heal
th s
yste
m a
nd
amon
g th
ose
who
assi
st p
eopl
e w
ith p
sy-
chia
tric
dis
abili
ties
in
thei
r re
cove
ry p
roce
ss
by a
ctiv
ely
wor
king
toge
ther
to c
larif
y an
d
supp
ort t
he p
roce
ss o
f
reco
very
, the
mea
ns to
mak
e it
mor
e ef
fect
ive
and
the
role
s th
at e
ach
pers
on p
lays
in th
is
proc
ess.
LeR
oy S
pani
ol, M
artin
Koe
hler
and
Dor
i
Hut
chin
son
(199
4) T
he
Rec
over
y W
orkb
ook:
Pra
ctic
al C
opin
g an
d
Em
pow
erm
ent S
trat
egie
s
for
Peo
ple
with
Psy
chia
tric
Dis
abili
ties.
94pa
ge 4
2
V T
he C
SHSP
dem
onst
rate
s ef
fect
ive
supp
ort o
f pa
rtic
ipan
t cho
ices
and
pref
eren
ces
in a
rol
e pl
ay e
xerc
ise
of a
plan
ning
pro
cess
.
V G
iven
spe
cifi
c sc
enar
ios,
the
CSH
SPde
mon
stra
tes
effe
ctiv
e pr
oble
m s
olv-
ing
and
use
of d
ecis
ion
mak
ing
tech
-ni
ques
whe
n re
pres
entin
g th
e pa
rtic
i-pa
nt in
the
plan
ning
pro
cess
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP a
ssis
ts in
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f in
divi
dual
par
ticip
ant g
oals
that
incl
ude
mea
sura
ble
outc
omes
bas
ed o
npa
rtic
ipan
t nee
ds, p
refe
renc
es a
nd in
tere
sts.
V G
iven
a p
rofi
le o
f a
part
icip
ant's
stre
ngth
s, n
eeds
and
pre
fere
nces
, the
CSH
SP s
ugge
sts
appr
opri
ate
goal
s.
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
C:
The
com
pete
nt C
SH
SP
ass
ists
and
/or
faci
litat
es th
e
impl
emen
tatio
n of
an
indi
vidu
aliz
ed p
lan
to a
chie
ve
spec
ific
outc
omes
der
ived
from
par
ticip
ants
pref
eren
ces,
nee
ds a
nd in
tere
sts.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP a
ssis
ts in
assi
gnin
g an
d/or
car
ryin
g ou
t ass
igne
dre
spon
sibi
litie
s fo
r im
plem
entin
g id
entif
ied
part
icip
ant o
utco
mes
.
V T
he C
SHSP
pro
duce
s a
cale
ndar
of
wor
k ac
tiviti
es r
elat
ed to
the
part
ici-
pant
's g
oals
and
che
cks
off
com
plet
edta
sks
tow
ard
the
achi
evem
ent o
f ou
t-co
mes
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP v
isits
envi
ronm
ents
in w
hich
the
part
icip
ant's
pla
nsw
ill b
e im
plem
ente
d (e
.g.,
hom
e, w
ork-
site
and
scho
ol).
V T
he C
SHSP
doc
umen
ts d
ates
and
obse
rvat
ions
of
all e
nvir
onm
ents
whe
re th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t will
spe
nd s
ub-
stan
tial p
ortio
ns o
f tim
e.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he C
SHSP
sup
port
s th
epa
rtic
ipan
t in
carr
ying
out
his
or
her
deci
sion
sre
late
d to
out
com
es e
stab
lishe
d by
the
part
icip
ant w
ith th
e su
ppor
t tea
m.
V I
n ro
le p
lay
situ
atio
ns o
r le
arni
nggr
oups
the
CSH
SP d
emon
stra
tes
basi
cco
unse
ling
skill
s (e
.g.,
activ
e lis
teni
ng
95
skill
s, e
mpa
thic
res
pons
es, m
odel
ing
and
enco
urag
emen
t) to
sup
port
the
part
icip
ant's
dec
isio
n-m
akin
g.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SPas
sist
s/fa
cilit
ates
the
achi
evem
ent o
f th
ein
divi
dual
par
ticip
ant o
utco
mes
as
defi
ned
byth
e pa
rtic
ipan
t and
the
supp
ort t
eam
.
jT
he C
SHSP
mai
ntai
ns a
ccur
ate
prog
ress
not
es r
egar
ding
the
stat
us o
fth
e ac
hiev
emen
t of
part
icul
ar p
artic
i-pa
nt o
utco
mes
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP r
efer
spa
rtic
ipan
t to
appr
opri
ate
reso
urce
s (e
.g.,
inco
me
supp
ort,
hous
ing
assi
stan
ce, h
ealth
car
e,jo
b tr
aini
ng a
nd p
lace
men
t etc
.) w
hen
nece
ssar
yto
rea
ch a
pplic
able
out
com
es.
1G
iven
a s
cena
rio,
the
CSH
SP c
anid
entif
y sp
ecif
ic n
eeds
for
sup
port
and
the
spec
ific
age
ncie
s an
dor
gani
zatio
ns th
at w
ill p
rovi
de s
uch
supp
ort
jT
he C
SHSP
doc
umen
ts p
artic
ipan
tre
ferr
als.
96
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
D:
The
com
pete
nt C
SH
SP
ass
ists
and
/or
faci
litat
es th
e
revi
ew o
f the
ach
ieve
men
t of i
ndiv
idua
l par
ticip
ant
outc
omes
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SPco
ntin
ually
col
lect
s an
d re
view
s fe
edba
ckre
gard
ing
outc
ome
atta
inm
ent f
rom
the
part
icip
ant,
and
othe
r su
ppor
t tea
m m
embe
rs.
i/1 T
he C
SHSP
rev
iew
s an
d re
cord
s fe
ed-
back
fro
m th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t and
oth
ersu
ppor
t tea
m m
embe
rs r
egar
ding
achi
evem
ent o
f ou
tcom
es.
WI
The
par
ticip
ant a
nd s
uppo
rt te
amre
port
that
the
CSH
SP r
eque
sted
thei
rfe
edba
ck r
egar
ding
the
achi
evem
ent
of o
utco
mes
.
97pa
ge 4
3
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
"Pro
fess
iona
ls a
nd
fam
ilies
can
lear
n fr
om
each
oth
er, a
nd s
ervi
ces
shou
ld r
esul
t fro
m
coop
erat
ive
effo
rts.
"
San
dra
Jack
son,
Pre
side
nt o
f New
Jer
sey
Fam
ily S
uppo
rt C
oalit
ion
and
Dire
ctor
, Fam
ily S
up-
port
Ser
vice
s, A
RC
/Uni
on.
Pub
lishe
d in
New
Jer
sey
Ass
ocia
tion
of C
omm
unity
Pro
vide
rs, "
Net
wor
k"N
ewsl
ette
r (F
all,
1991
).
Or.
With
the
help
of
an e
ffect
ive
plan
ning
team
, She
rry
is
achi
evin
g he
r dr
eam
of
econ
omic
inde
pend
ence
.
page
44
AC
TIV
ITY
:B
ased
on
the
feed
back
col
lect
ed,
the
com
pete
nt C
SHSP
mak
es r
ecom
men
datio
nsto
the
part
icip
ant a
nd a
ppro
pria
te s
uppo
rt te
amm
embe
rs r
egar
ding
the
need
for
cha
nges
inid
entif
ied
part
icip
ant g
oals
and
met
hods
for
achi
evin
g th
ose
chan
ges.
i/1 T
he C
SHSP
mee
ts w
ith th
e su
ppor
tte
am a
nd th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t, sh
ares
fee
d-ba
ck a
nd f
orm
ulat
es c
hang
es in
the
part
icip
ant's
goa
ls a
nd s
trat
egie
s to
achi
eve
them
.
98
i/r T
he p
artic
ipan
t and
sup
port
team
mem
bers
rep
ort s
atis
fact
ion
that
the
CSH
SP u
tiliz
ed f
eedb
ack
to a
naly
zeth
e ne
ed f
or c
hang
es a
nd, i
f ne
cess
ary,
deve
lope
d m
etho
ds f
orim
plem
enta
tion.
99
CO
MP
ET
EN
CY
AR
EA
6:
Ne
Com
mun
ity L
ivin
gkr
Ski
lls &
Supp
orts
The
com
mun
ity s
uppo
rt h
uman
ser
vice
pra
ctiti
oner
has
the
abili
ty to
mat
ch s
peci
fic
supp
orts
and
inte
rven
tions
to th
eun
ique
nee
ds o
f in
divi
dual
par
ticip
ants
and
rec
ogni
zes
the
impo
rtan
ce o
f fr
iend
s, f
amily
and
com
mun
ity r
elat
ions
hips
.
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CS
HS
P a
ssis
ts th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t to
mee
t his
or
her
phys
ical
(e.
g., h
ealth
, gro
omin
g,
toile
ting,
eat
ing)
and
per
sona
l man
agem
ent n
eeds
(e.g
., hu
man
dev
elop
men
t, hu
man
sex
ualit
y), b
y
teac
hing
ski
lls, p
rovi
ding
sup
port
s, a
nd b
uild
ing
on
indi
vidu
al s
tren
gths
and
cap
abili
ties.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP is
know
ledg
eabl
e an
d se
nsiti
ve to
the
part
icip
ant's
pref
eren
ces
and
abili
ties
rega
rdin
g ph
ysic
al a
nd
pers
onal
man
agem
ent n
eeds
.
100
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
W"
The
CSH
SP d
escr
ibes
the
part
icip
ant's
pref
eren
ces
rega
rdin
g ph
ysic
al a
ndpe
rson
al m
anag
emen
t nee
ds.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP p
rovi
des
phys
ical
and
per
sona
l man
agem
ent s
uppo
rt to
part
icip
ants
res
pect
ing
the
priv
acy,
aut
onom
yan
d di
gnity
of
the
indi
vidu
al.
Wit
The
par
ticip
ant r
epor
ts th
at th
eC
SHSP
pro
vide
s ne
cess
ary
supp
orts
in a
man
ner
that
is r
espe
ctft
il of
his
or
her
dign
ity.
BE
ST
CO
PY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
Cuc
a w
orks
as
a
Sen
ior
Hom
e C
ompa
n-
ion
help
ing
Con
cha
who
se a
rthr
itis
mak
esit
hard
for
her
to g
etar
ound
. In
the
proc
ess
Cuc
a, w
ho is
65
and
Con
cha,
who
is 8
7, h
ave
beco
me
good
frie
nds.
101
,1/1
= P
ER
FO
RM
AN
CE
IND
ICA
TO
Rpa
ge 4
5
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
"Peo
ple
need
invi
tatio
n
to s
hare
thei
r ta
lent
s
as m
uch
as th
ey n
eed
coun
selin
g or
ass
ista
nce
with
bal
anci
ng th
eir
chec
kboo
k."
John
O'B
rien
and
Con
nie
Lyle
O'B
rien
(199
2),
Rem
embe
ring
The
Sou
l
Of O
ur W
ork:
Sto
ries
by
the
Sta
ff of
Opt
ions
InC
omm
unity
Liv
ing.
page
46
102
V T
hrou
gh r
ole
play
act
ivity
, the
CSH
SPde
mon
stra
tes
an u
nder
stan
ding
of
the
need
for
pri
vacy
, aut
onom
y an
d di
gni-
ty in
the
prov
isio
n of
sup
port
to in
di-
vidu
al p
artic
ipan
ts.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP p
rovi
des
phys
ical
and
per
sona
l sup
port
to p
artic
ipan
tsw
ith c
once
rn f
or th
e sa
fety
of
all i
nvol
ved.
V T
he s
uper
viso
r re
port
s th
at th
eC
SHSP
take
s ap
prop
riat
e m
easu
res
(e.g
., pr
otec
tive
clot
hing
, usa
ge o
fsa
fety
rai
ls, w
heel
cha
ir b
rake
s et
c.)
to e
nsur
e th
e sa
fety
of
all i
nvol
ved.
V R
ecor
ds a
nd d
ocum
enta
tion
rega
rdin
gth
e pr
ovis
ion
of s
uppo
rts
by th
e C
SHSP
indi
cate
that
saf
ety
mea
sure
s w
ere
fol-
low
ed a
ccor
ding
to e
stab
lishe
dgu
idel
ines
, pol
icie
s an
d pr
oced
ures
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP a
ssis
tsth
e pa
rtic
ipan
t in
mee
ting
nutr
ition
al n
eeds
by
prov
idin
g/ar
rang
ing
for
trai
ning
and
sup
port
as
need
ed.
V T
he C
SHSP
des
crib
es b
asic
asp
ects
of
nutr
ition
(e.
g., b
asic
foo
d gr
oups
).
V T
he s
uper
viso
r, te
nure
d pe
ers,
par
tici-
pant
or
fam
ily/f
rien
ds r
epor
t tha
t the
CSH
SP h
as d
iscu
ssed
cul
tura
l iss
ues
rela
ted
to th
e nu
triti
onal
nee
ds a
ndpr
efer
ence
s of
the
part
icip
ant.
V T
he p
artic
ipan
t rep
orts
that
the
CSH
SP h
as p
rovi
ded
him
/her
with
trai
ning
and
sup
port
reg
ardi
ng h
is o
rhe
r nu
triti
on.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP a
ssis
tsth
e pa
rtic
ipan
t in
reco
gniz
ing
and
taki
ngap
prop
riat
e ac
tion
rega
rdin
g th
e si
gns
and
sym
ptom
s of
illn
ess
and
the
side
eff
ects
of
med
icat
ions
/dru
gs/a
lcoh
ol, a
nd s
ecur
es n
eede
dhe
alth
info
rmat
ion
and
inte
rven
tion
from
appr
opri
ate
heal
th p
rofe
ssio
nals
.
V T
he C
SHSP
rec
ogni
zes
the
sign
s an
dsy
mpt
oms
of il
lnes
ses,
and
the
side
effe
cts
of m
edic
atio
ns/d
rugs
/alc
ohol
whe
n pr
esen
ted
with
acc
epta
ble
test
-in
g m
etho
ds (
e.g.
, mul
tiple
cho
ice
ques
tions
, sce
nari
os e
tc.)
V T
he C
SHSP
des
crib
es th
e ap
prop
riat
eac
tions
to ta
ke to
pre
vent
and
resp
ond
appr
opri
atel
y to
sig
ns a
ndsy
mpt
oms
of il
lnes
s an
d si
de e
ffec
ts o
f
103
med
icat
ions
/dru
gs/a
lcoh
ol w
hen
pre-
sent
ed w
ith a
ppro
pria
te s
cena
rios
.
WI
The
CSH
SP s
umm
ariz
es p
ertin
ent e
le-
men
ts o
f th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t's m
edic
al h
is-
tory
and
nee
ds.
The
CSH
SP m
aint
ains
a f
ile a
nd/o
ref
fect
ivel
y us
es a
dir
ecto
ry o
f th
e lo
cal
med
ical
and
hea
lth r
esou
rces
ava
il-ab
le to
par
ticip
ants
.
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
B:
The
com
pete
nt C
SH
SP
ass
ists
the
part
icip
ant w
ith
hous
ehol
d m
anag
emen
t (e.
g., m
eal p
rep,
laun
dry,
clea
ning
, dec
orat
ing)
and
with
tran
spor
tatio
n ne
eds
to m
axim
ize
his
or h
er s
kills
, abi
litie
s an
d in
depe
nden
ce.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP is
know
ledg
eabl
e an
d re
spec
tful
of
the
part
icip
ant's
pers
onal
and
cul
tura
l pre
fere
nces
and
abi
litie
sre
gard
ing
hous
ehol
d m
anag
emen
t and
tran
spor
tatio
n ne
eds.
W"
The
par
ticip
ant r
epor
ts th
at C
SHSP
has
disc
usse
d pr
efer
ence
s re
late
d to
hous
ehol
d m
anag
emen
t and
tran
spor
tatio
n.
104
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
The
CSH
SP d
ocum
ents
or
verb
ally
sum
mar
izes
the
part
icip
ant's
abi
litie
san
d pr
efer
ence
s re
late
d to
hou
seho
ldm
anag
emen
t and
tran
spor
tatio
nne
eds.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP a
ssis
tsth
e pa
rtic
ipan
t to
use
publ
ic tr
ansp
orta
tion
and/
or f
acili
tate
s ne
eded
tran
spor
tatio
n ba
sed
onpa
rtic
ipan
t pre
fere
nce
and
need
s.
The
CSH
SP d
escr
ibes
tran
spor
tatio
nre
sour
ces
in th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t's lo
cal
com
mun
ity
s/ T
he p
artic
ipan
t rep
orts
that
the
CSH
SP p
rovi
des
need
ed s
uppo
rtre
gard
ing
part
icip
ant p
refe
renc
esab
out t
rans
port
atio
n.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP a
ssis
tsth
e pa
rtic
ipan
t to
mai
ntai
n or
est
ablis
h a
hous
ehol
d, s
uppo
rtin
g th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t to
carr
you
t suc
h ta
sks
as c
ooki
ng, c
lean
ing,
bud
getin
g,do
ing
laun
dry,
sho
ppin
g, y
ard
wor
k an
d ot
her
mai
nten
ance
act
iviti
es.
The
par
ticip
ant a
nd h
is/h
erfa
mily
/fri
ends
rep
ort t
hat n
eeds
are
"Frie
nds
offe
r co
mpa
n-
ions
hip,
sup
port
, ass
is-
tanc
e, a
nd a
sen
se o
f
belo
ngin
g to
a w
ider
com
mun
ity. T
ypic
al
hum
an s
ervi
ce p
rac-
tices
rei
nfor
ce c
omm
on
prej
udic
es a
nd d
imin
ish
seve
rely
dis
able
d
peop
le's
cha
nces
of
mak
ing
and
keep
ing
frie
nds.
"
from
Rem
embe
ring
The
Sou
l Of O
ur W
ork:
Sto
ries
by th
e S
taff
of O
ptio
ns in
Com
mun
ity L
ivin
g by
Joh
n
O'B
rien
and
Con
nie
Lyle
O'B
rien
(199
2).
105
page
47
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
"In
the
cont
ext o
f a
long
term
rel
atio
nshi
p,
supp
ort s
taff
shar
e
shop
ping
trip
s, b
anki
ng
and
bill
payi
ng, c
lean
-
ing,
lette
r w
ritin
g, v
is-
its to
the
doct
or a
nd
the
hosp
ital,
and
holi-
day
prep
arat
ions
...
Eve
ry s
hare
d m
omen
t
offe
rs e
ach
pers
on th
e
poss
ibili
ty o
f com
ing
to
know
the
othe
r a
little
bette
r."
from
Rem
embe
ring
The
Sou
l Of O
ur W
ork:
Sto
ries
by th
e S
taff
of O
ptio
ns in
Com
mun
ity L
ivin
g
by J
ohn
O'B
rien
and
Con
nie
Lyle
O'B
rien
(199
2).
page
48
106
bein
g m
et r
egar
ding
mai
nten
ance
of
his/
her
hom
e.
1/1
The
par
ticip
ant a
nd s
uper
viso
r re
port
that
the
CSH
SP p
rovi
des
need
ed s
up-
port
s to
the
part
icip
ant r
egar
ding
hous
ehol
d m
anag
emen
t.
1/1.
The
par
ticip
ant a
nd/o
r su
perv
isor
indi
cate
that
the
CSH
SP h
as a
ssis
ted
the
part
icip
ant i
n de
velo
ping
and
man
agin
g a
budg
et.
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
S C
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CS
HS
P a
ssis
ts w
ith id
entif
ying
,
secu
ring
and
usin
g ne
eded
equ
ipm
ent (
e.g.
,
adap
tive
equi
pmen
t) a
nd th
erap
ies
(e.g
., ph
ysic
al,
occu
patio
nal a
nd c
omm
unic
atio
n).
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP r
ecog
nize
s
and
resp
ects
the
part
icip
ant's
indi
vidu
al n
eeds
and
pref
eren
ces
for
equi
pmen
t and
ther
apy.
The
par
ticip
ant a
nd h
is/h
erfa
mily
/fri
ends
rep
ort t
hat t
he C
SHSP
has
disc
usse
d an
d un
ders
tand
s th
epa
rtic
ipan
t's n
eeds
and
pre
fere
nce
rega
rdin
g eq
uipm
ent a
nd th
erap
ies.
Wit
The
CSH
SP c
an d
escr
ibe
appr
opri
ate
ther
apie
s an
d de
mon
stra
te th
e us
e of
seve
ral t
ypes
of
assi
stiv
e eq
uipm
ent.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP a
ssis
tsth
e pa
rtic
ipan
t in
secu
ring
or
arra
ngin
g fo
ras
sist
ive
equi
pmen
t as
indi
cate
d by
par
ticip
ant
need
s an
d pr
efer
ence
s.
The
par
ticip
ant,
supe
rvis
or o
rfa
mily
/fri
ends
indi
cate
that
the
CSH
SPha
s as
sist
ed th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t in
arra
ngin
g fo
r an
d se
curi
ng n
eede
deq
uipm
ent.
1/' T
he C
SHSP
doc
umen
ts a
rran
gem
ents
for
need
ed e
quip
men
t.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP a
ssis
tsth
e pa
rtic
ipan
t in
secu
ring
or
arra
ngin
g fo
rth
erap
ies
as in
dica
ted
by p
artic
ipan
t nee
ds a
ndpr
efer
ence
s.
1""
The
par
ticip
ant,
supe
rvis
or o
rfa
mily
/fri
ends
indi
cate
that
the
CSH
SPha
s as
sist
ed th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t in
arra
ngin
g fo
r ne
eded
ther
apie
s.
I"' T
he C
SHSP
doc
umen
ts th
at th
e pa
rtic
-ip
ant i
s re
ceiv
ing
need
ed th
erap
ies.
107
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
D:
The
com
pete
nt C
SH
SP
sup
port
s th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t in
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f frie
ndsh
ips
and
othe
r
rela
tions
hips
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SPre
cogn
izes
and
res
pect
s pa
rtic
ipan
t's in
divi
dual
choi
ces
and
pref
eren
ces
rega
rdin
g th
e na
ture
of
rela
tions
hips
he
or s
he is
see
king
and
ass
ists
the
part
icip
ant i
n de
velo
ping
suc
h re
latio
nshi
ps.
V T
he p
artic
ipan
t rep
orts
that
the
CSH
SP d
iscu
ssed
cho
ices
and
pre
fer-
ence
s w
ith r
egar
d to
fri
ends
hips
and
rela
tions
hips
.
V T
he C
SHSP
doc
umen
ts o
r pr
ovid
esot
her
exam
ples
of
the
part
icip
ant's
choi
ces
in s
ocia
l and
com
mun
ity li
fe.
V T
he p
artic
ipan
t rep
orts
invo
lvem
ent
in c
omm
unity
act
iviti
es, g
roup
s an
dor
gani
zatio
ns.
108
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
E:
The
com
pete
nt c
omm
unity
bas
ed s
uppo
rt w
orke
r
assi
sts
the
part
icip
ant t
o re
crui
t and
trai
n se
rvic
e
prov
ider
s as
nee
ded.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP a
ssis
tspa
rtic
ipan
t to
man
age
his
or h
er s
uppo
rt s
ervi
cepr
ovid
ers.
V T
he p
artic
ipan
t rep
orts
that
the
CSH
SP h
as p
rovi
ded
usef
ul in
form
a-tio
n re
gard
ing
the
man
agem
ent o
f hi
sor
her
sup
port
ser
vice
pro
vide
rs.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP p
rovi
des
info
rmat
ion
to th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t on
met
hods
of
recr
uitin
g, in
terv
iew
ing,
and
sel
ectin
g st
aff,
and
assi
sts
the
part
icip
ant a
s ne
cess
ary.
V T
he C
SHSP
list
s m
etho
ds o
fre
crui
ting,
inte
rvie
win
g an
d se
lect
ing
staf
f.
V T
he p
artic
ipan
t and
sup
ervi
sor
repo
rtth
at th
e C
SHSP
pro
vide
s as
sist
ance
inre
crui
ting,
inte
rvie
win
g an
d se
lect
ing
staf
f.
109
page
49
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP a
ssis
ts
and
supp
orts
the
part
icip
ant t
o m
anag
e an
d tr
ain
supp
ort a
nd/o
r pe
rson
al c
are
staf
f.
t/' T
he p
artic
ipan
t rep
orts
that
the
CSH
SP p
rovi
des
supp
ort r
egar
ding
trai
ning
and
man
agin
g su
ppor
t sta
ff.
page
50
ALa
rry
is u
sing
a
man
ually
ope
rate
dpo
le p
eele
r to
mak
elo
g fu
rnitu
re.
`so
CO
MP
ET
EN
CY
AR
EA
7:
Edu
catio
n, T
rain
ing
& S
elf-
Dev
elop
men
tT
he c
omm
unity
sup
port
hum
an s
ervi
ce p
ract
ition
er s
houl
d be
able
to id
entif
y ar
eas
for
self
impr
ovem
ent,
purs
ue n
eces
sary
educ
atio
nal/t
rain
ing
reso
urce
s, a
nd s
hare
kno
wle
dge
with
othe
rs.
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
A:
The
com
pete
nt C
SH
SP
com
plet
es r
equi
red
trai
ning
educ
atio
n/ce
rtifi
catio
n, c
ontin
ues
prof
essi
onal
deve
lopm
ent,
and
keep
s ab
reas
t of r
elev
ant
reso
urce
s an
d in
form
atio
n.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP d
evel
ops
goal
s th
at a
ddre
ss tr
aini
ng, e
duca
tion
and
self
-im
prov
emen
t iss
ues.
The
CSH
SP d
evel
ops
a w
ritte
npe
rson
al p
rofe
ssio
nal d
evel
opm
ent
plan
.
11.2
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
ti
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SPpa
rtic
ipat
es in
a c
aree
r-re
late
d in
ser
vice
trai
ning
, and
/or
degr
ee p
rogr
ams
or c
ontin
uing
educ
atio
n co
urse
s.
l/r T
he C
SHSP
's p
ortf
olio
con
tain
sre
cord
s of
cou
rses
com
plet
ed a
ndre
late
d de
gree
s.
If T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP r
eque
sts
leav
etim
e to
atte
nd r
elev
ant c
onfe
renc
esan
d w
orks
hops
.
1/' T
he C
SHSP
's p
ortf
olio
con
tain
s re
cord
sof
com
plet
ed s
essi
ons
of in
-ser
vice
trai
n-in
g an
d co
ntin
uing
edu
catio
n.
Pro
fess
iona
l dev
el-
opm
ent o
ften
invo
lves
wor
king
and
lear
ning
inte
ams.
113
Mir
=P
ER
FO
RM
AN
CE
IND
ICA
TO
Rpa
ge 5
1
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
. "If w
e ar
e to
fulfi
ll ou
r
soci
etal
com
mitm
ent
and
mee
t our
pro
fes-
sion
al g
oals
, we
mus
t
addr
ess
and
supp
ort
pers
onne
l pre
para
tion
as a
n on
-goi
ng p
roce
ss."
Kai
ser
and
McW
hort
er(1
990)
, Pre
parin
g P
erso
n-
nel t
o W
ork
with
Per
sons
with
Sev
ere
Dis
abili
ties.
page
52
/- 1
4
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP d
evel
ops
met
hods
to s
tay
curr
ent w
ith r
ecen
t cha
nges
inth
e fi
eld.
V T
he s
uper
viso
r in
dica
tes
that
the
CSH
SP s
tays
abr
east
of
curr
ent
valu
es, t
rend
s an
d de
velo
pmen
ts in
the
fiel
d.
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
B:
The
com
pete
nt C
SH
SP
edu
cate
s pa
rtic
ipan
ts, c
o-
wor
kers
and
com
mun
ity m
embe
rs a
bout
issu
es b
y
prov
idin
g in
form
atio
n an
d su
ppor
t and
faci
litat
ing
trai
ning
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SPdi
ssem
inat
es in
form
atio
n to
sel
f-ad
voca
cy a
ndfa
mily
sup
port
gro
ups.
V. T
he C
SHSP
mai
ntai
ns a
cur
rent
dire
ctor
y re
gard
ing
avai
labl
e se
lf-
advo
cacy
and
fam
ily g
roup
s in
thei
rco
mm
unity
.
V. T
he s
uper
viso
r re
port
s th
at th
eC
SHSP
dis
sem
inat
es in
form
atio
n to
appr
opri
ate
self
adv
ocac
y or
oth
ersu
ppor
t gro
ups.
V T
he C
SHSP
's p
ortf
olio
con
tain
s in
for-
mat
ion
such
as
jour
nal e
ntri
es,
new
slet
ters
, bro
chur
es e
tc. r
egar
ding
invo
lvem
ent i
n fa
mily
and
sel
f-ad
vo-
cacy
gro
ups.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SPpa
rtic
ipat
es in
com
mun
ity o
utre
ach
educ
atio
nac
tiviti
es (
e.g.
, pre
sent
atio
ns, j
ob f
airs
,di
ssem
inat
ion
of m
ater
ials
).
V T
he C
SHSP
's p
ortf
olio
con
tain
s do
cu-
men
tatio
n of
the
cont
ent a
nd d
ates
of
deliv
ery
of e
duca
tiona
l ass
ista
nce
prov
ided
to lo
cal c
omm
unity
gro
ups.
V T
he C
SHSP
's p
eers
and
sup
ervi
sor
repo
rt th
at th
e C
SHSP
has
dis
cuss
edm
eans
to s
ecur
e co
mm
unity
invo
lve-
men
t and
inte
rest
in h
uman
ser
vice
agen
cies
/org
aniz
atio
ns (
e.g.
,ed
ucat
iona
l gro
ups,
med
ia s
uppo
rt,
volu
ntee
rism
).
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP c
ondu
cts
form
al tr
aini
ng a
nd in
form
al in
form
atio
n sh
arin
gw
ith p
artic
ipan
ts a
nd f
amily
mem
bers
as
appr
opri
ate. 11
5
1/ P
artic
ipan
ts a
nd f
amily
mem
bers
repo
rt th
at th
e C
SHSP
has
pro
vide
dus
eful
trai
ning
info
rmat
ion.
Ws'
The
CSH
SP's
por
tfol
io c
onta
ins
eval
u-at
ions
and
rep
orts
of
trai
ning
pro
vid-
ed b
y hi
m o
r he
r.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SPpa
rtic
ipat
es in
in-s
ervi
ce tr
aini
ng a
ctiv
ities
and
info
rmal
ly s
hare
s in
form
atio
n w
ith c
olle
ague
s.
I/1
Peer
s an
d su
perv
isor
s re
port
that
the
CSH
SP h
as p
rovi
ded
them
with
use
ful
info
rmat
ion.
The
CSH
SP's
por
tfol
io c
onta
ins
eval
u-at
ions
and
rep
orts
reg
ardi
ng tr
aini
ngde
liver
ed b
y th
e C
SHSP
to p
eers
and
supe
rvis
ors.
1.1.
6
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
117
page
53
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
CO
MP
ET
EN
CY
AR
EA
8:
Adv
ocac
yT
he c
omm
unity
sup
port
hum
an s
ervi
ce p
ract
ition
ersh
ould
be
know
ledg
eabl
e ab
out t
he d
iver
se c
halle
nges
faci
ng p
artic
ipan
ts (
e.g.
hum
an r
ight
s, le
gal,
adm
inis
trat
ive
and
fina
ncia
l) a
nd s
houl
d be
abl
e to
iden
tify
and
use
effe
ctiv
e ad
voca
cy s
trat
egie
s to
ove
rcom
esu
ch c
halle
nges
.
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
A:
The
com
pete
nt C
SH
SP
and
the
part
icip
ant i
dent
ify
advo
cacy
issu
es b
y ga
ther
ing
info
rmat
ion,
rev
iew
ing
and
anal
yzin
g al
l asp
ects
of t
he p
robl
em.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SPco
mm
unic
ates
with
the
part
icip
ant o
r fa
mily
and
frie
nds
to le
arn
abou
t any
or
prob
lem
s re
quir
ing
advo
cacy
.
1/1
The
CSH
SP v
erba
lly s
umm
ariz
espr
oble
ms
(e.g
, hou
sing
, ben
efits
, etc
.)ne
edin
g ad
voca
cy in
sup
ervi
sion
ses
-si
ons.
page
54
pfO
RF
OR
MA
NC
E IN
DIC
AT
OR
k./
1
1#1
The
par
ticip
ant i
ndic
ates
that
the
CSH
SP u
nder
stan
ds th
eir
issu
es.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP m
akes
cont
act w
ith a
dvoc
acy
orga
niza
tions
in th
eco
mm
unity
in o
rder
to u
nder
stan
d th
e ra
nge
ofad
voca
cy s
ervi
ces
and
advi
ce o
ffer
ed.
1/1
The
par
ticip
ant s
tate
s th
at th
e C
SHSP
has
info
rmed
him
or
her
abou
t ava
il-ab
le a
dvoc
acy
serv
ices
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP w
orks
with
the
part
icip
ant t
o id
entif
y po
ssib
le
1 1.
9
"We
mus
t del
ight
inea
ch o
ther
, mak
e
othe
rs' c
ondi
tions
our
own,
rej
oice
toge
ther
,la
bor
and
suffe
rto
geth
er, a
lway
s
havi
ng b
efor
e ou
r ow
ney
es o
ur c
omm
unity
as
mem
bers
of t
he s
ame
body
."Jo
hn W
inth
rop,
163
0
stra
tegi
es to
res
olve
the
issu
e an
d as
sist
s th
epa
rtic
ipan
t in
usin
g th
e th
ese
stra
tegi
es.
The
par
ticip
ant r
epor
ts u
sing
str
ate-
gies
dev
elop
ed w
ith th
e C
SHSP
toob
tain
nee
ded
serv
ices
or
to r
esol
vesp
ecif
ic p
robl
ems.
i/1 T
he C
SHSP
pro
vide
s de
taile
d ex
am-
ples
of
advo
cacy
str
ateg
ies
used
tore
solv
e a
spec
ific
situ
atio
n.
L.
The
CSH
SP d
ocum
ents
spe
cifi
c ad
vo-
cacy
act
ions
in h
is o
r he
r pe
rson
alpo
rtfo
lio.
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
B:
The
com
pete
nt C
SH
SP
has
cur
rent
kno
wle
dge
of
law
s, s
ervi
ces,
and
com
mun
ity r
esou
rces
to a
ssis
t
and
educ
ate
part
icip
ants
to s
ecur
e ne
eded
sup
port
s.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP s
eeks
out
nece
ssar
y in
form
atio
n re
gard
ing
law
s, s
ervi
ces
and
com
mun
ity a
nd a
dvoc
acy
reso
urce
s.
Ws'
The
CSH
SP m
aint
ains
an
upda
ted
reso
urce
file
120
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP e
duca
tes
the
part
icip
ant r
egar
ding
his
or
her
righ
ts a
ndse
rvic
e op
tions
.
i-T
he C
SHSP
can
des
crib
e th
e ri
ghts
,re
gula
tions
and
law
s th
at h
ave
a sp
e-ci
fic
impa
ct o
n th
e pa
rtic
ipan
ts th
athe
or
she
supp
orts
.
The
CSH
SP is
abl
e to
exp
lain
rel
evan
tri
ghts
and
law
s to
the
part
icip
ant i
n a
man
ner
that
he
or s
he c
anun
ders
tand
and
use
.
W"
The
CSH
SP d
ocum
ents
inst
ance
sw
here
he
or s
he h
as r
efer
red
the
par-
ticip
ant t
o ot
her
advo
cacy
org
aniz
a-tio
ns a
s ap
prop
riat
e.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SPpa
rtic
ipat
es in
con
tinui
ng e
duca
tion
to le
arn
abou
t and
mai
ntai
n kn
owle
dge
of c
urre
ntin
form
atio
n ab
out l
aws,
ser
vice
s, c
omm
unity
reso
urce
s, a
nd a
dvoc
acy
issu
es.
Wt.
The
CSH
SP m
aint
ains
a f
ile o
f al
l rel
e-va
nt e
duca
tiona
l act
iviti
es.
t/ T
he C
SHSP
dem
onst
rate
s ho
w th
eyha
ve u
sed
info
rmat
ion
from
con
tinu-
ing
educ
atio
n ac
tiviti
es in
a s
peci
fic
advo
cacy
eff
ort.
"Fig
htin
g ba
ck a
gain
st
the
syst
em is
har
d
beca
use
the
syst
em
refle
cts
and
rein
forc
es
belie
fs th
at a
re c
om-
mon
am
ong
ordi
nary
com
mun
ity m
embe
rs
and
amon
g di
sabl
ed
peop
le th
emse
lves
.
Fig
htin
g th
e sy
stem
may
wel
l mea
n le
arn-
ing
to d
isag
ree
cons
truc
tivel
y w
ith o
ur
aunt
s an
d ou
r fr
iend
s
and
ours
elve
s."
from
Rem
embe
ring
The
Sou
l Of O
ur W
ork:
Sto
ries
by th
e S
taff
of O
ptio
ns in
Com
mun
ity L
ivin
g. J
ohn
O'B
rien
and
Con
nie
Lyle
O'B
rien,
edi
tors
(19
92).
121
page
55
-
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
"Bei
ng s
care
d an
d
angr
y so
met
imes
has
its b
enef
its. I
n co
mm
u-
nity
org
aniz
ing
it is
a
nece
ssity
."
Jean
N. B
owen
, "T
heP
ower
of S
elf-
Adv
ocac
y:
Mak
ing
Thu
nder
" in
Cre
at-
ing
Indi
vidu
al S
uppo
rts
for
Peo
ple
with
Dev
elop
men
-
tal D
isab
ilitie
s: A
Man
date
for
Cha
nge
at M
any
Leve
ls"
by B
radl
ey, A
sh-
baug
h, &
Bla
ney.
(19
94).
page
56
T22
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
C:
The
com
pete
nt C
SH
SP
faci
litat
es, a
ssis
ts, a
nd/o
r
repr
esen
ts th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t whe
n th
ere
are
barr
iers
to
his
or h
er s
ervi
ce n
eeds
and
lobb
ies
deci
sion
mak
ers
whe
n ap
prop
riate
to o
verc
ome
barr
iers
to s
ervi
ces.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SPin
terv
enes
as
appr
opri
ate
to m
edia
te o
r re
solv
edi
sput
es w
hen
ther
e ar
e ba
rrie
rs to
ser
vice
sw
ithin
the
agen
cy o
r w
ith o
ther
ser
vice
pro
vide
rs(e
.g.,
voca
tiona
l, so
cial
, fin
anci
al, e
duca
tiona
l or
othe
r ag
enci
es).
I,' T
he C
SHSP
rec
ords
the
effo
rts
mad
e to
med
iate
or
reso
lve
disp
utes
that
are
barr
iers
to th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t (ph
one
log,
lette
rs, j
ourn
als
of v
isits
).
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP r
epre
-
sent
s th
e in
tere
sts
of in
divi
dual
par
ticip
ants
or
grou
ps o
f pa
rtic
ipan
ts b
efor
e de
cisi
on m
akin
gbo
dies
as
appr
opri
ate
(e.g
., ci
ty c
ounc
ils, z
onin
g
boar
ds, s
tate
age
ncie
s, a
dmin
istr
ativ
e pa
nels
, etc
.)
1/1
The
CSH
SP d
ocum
ents
inte
ract
ions
with
dec
isio
n-m
akin
g bo
dies
with
or
on b
ehal
f of
the
part
icip
ant.
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
D:
The
com
pete
nt C
SH
SP
inte
ract
s w
ith a
nd e
duca
tes
com
mun
ity m
embe
rs a
nd o
rgan
izat
ions
(e.
g.,
empl
oyer
, lan
dlor
d, c
ivic
org
aniz
atio
n) w
hen
rele
vant
to p
artic
ipan
t's n
eeds
or
serv
ices
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP in
itiat
esan
d m
aint
ains
rel
atio
nshi
ps w
ith r
elev
ant
com
mun
ity a
nd c
ivic
org
aniz
atio
ns a
ndle
gisl
ator
s an
d te
ache
s th
e, p
artic
ipan
t to
deve
lop
thes
e re
latio
nshi
ps.
If T
he C
SHSP
mai
ntai
ns a
wri
tten
reco
rd o
f co
ntac
ts m
ade
and
mee
tings
atte
nded
with
app
ropr
iate
com
mun
ityor
gani
zatio
ns a
nd in
divi
dual
s.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP u
ses
his
or h
er n
etw
ork
of c
omm
unity
con
tact
s to
ass
ist
the
part
icip
ant t
o se
cure
nee
ded
supp
orts
.
1/ T
he C
SHSP
pro
vide
s ex
ampl
es o
f ho
whe
or
she
used
com
mun
ity c
onta
cts
toas
sist
the
part
icip
ant t
o se
cure
nee
ded
supp
orts
.
123
CO
MP
ET
EN
CY
AR
EA
9:
e% V
ocat
iona
l, E
duca
tiona
lck
../&
Car
eer
Supp
ort
The
com
mun
ity b
ased
sup
port
wor
ker
shou
ld b
e kn
owle
dgea
ble
abou
t the
car
eer
and
educ
atio
n re
late
d co
ncer
ns o
f th
e pa
rtic
ipan
tan
d sh
ould
be
able
to m
obili
ze th
e re
sour
ces
and
supp
ort n
eces
sary
to a
ssis
t the
par
ticip
ant t
o re
ach
his
or h
er g
oals
.
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
A:
The
com
pete
nt C
SH
SP
exp
lore
s w
ith th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t
his/
her
voca
tiona
l int
eres
ts a
nd a
ptitu
des,
ass
ists
in
prep
arin
g fo
r jo
b or
sch
ool e
ntry
, and
rev
iew
s
oppo
rtun
ities
for
cont
inue
d ca
reer
gro
wth
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP h
elps
the
part
icip
ant i
dent
ify
and
clar
ify
his
or h
er c
aree
rin
tere
sts,
asp
irat
ions
, am
bitio
ns a
nd ta
lent
s.
V T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP d
ocum
ents
part
icip
ant's
car
eer
and
educ
atio
nal
inte
rest
s, a
spir
atio
ns, a
mbi
tions
and
tale
nts
in a
n in
divi
dual
ized
pla
n.
124
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
V T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP c
ompi
les
exam
-pl
es o
f ca
reer
and
edu
catio
nal e
xplo
-ra
tion
such
as
vide
os, p
rint
mat
eria
ls,
job
shad
owin
g, a
nd r
esul
ts o
fvo
catio
nal/e
duca
tiona
l ass
essm
ents
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP r
efer
s a
part
icip
ant f
or e
duca
tiona
l/voc
atio
nal
asse
ssm
ent w
ith th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t's a
ppro
val.
V T
he s
uper
viso
r an
d/or
par
ticip
ant
repo
rts
the
CSH
SP a
ssis
ts th
e pa
rtic
i-pa
nt to
sch
edul
e ap
poin
tmen
ts, a
rran
getr
ansp
orta
tion
and
unde
rsta
nd th
e co
n-te
nt a
nd p
urpo
se o
f th
e as
sess
men
t.
A M
ary
mak
es w
oven
art o
n a
hand
loom
.
125
V=
PE
RF
OR
MA
NC
E IN
DIC
AT
OR
page
57
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
"Wor
k es
peci
ally
the
oppo
rtun
ity to
asp
ire
to a
nd a
chie
ve g
ainf
ul
empl
oym
ent,
is a
deep
ly g
ener
ativ
e an
d
rein
tegr
ativ
e fo
rce
in
the
life
of e
very
hum
an
bein
g."
Bea
r, P
rops
t & M
alam
ud(1
982)
. "T
he F
ount
ain
Hou
se M
odel
of P
sych
iatr
ic
Reh
abili
tatio
n" in
Psy
cho-
soci
al R
ehab
ilita
tion
Jour
nal.
page
58
126
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP r
evie
ws
asse
ssm
ent r
esul
ts w
ith th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t.
The
par
ticip
ant r
epor
ts th
at th
eC
SHSP
met
with
them
to r
evie
w th
eas
sess
men
t res
ults
and
ans
wer
edhi
s/he
r qu
estio
ns.
i/1 T
he p
artic
ipan
t's c
aree
r pl
an in
clud
esin
form
atio
n/go
als
base
d on
per
sona
lpr
efer
ence
and
str
engt
hs r
efle
cted
inth
e as
sess
men
t pro
cess
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP p
repa
res
a pa
rtic
ipan
t for
edu
catio
nal o
r em
ploy
men
top
port
uniti
es.
V' T
he p
artic
ipan
t dem
onst
rate
s (e
.g.,
role
pla
ying
) in
terv
iew
ing
skill
s ba
sed
on C
SHSP
's a
ssis
tanc
e.
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
B:
The
com
pete
nt C
SH
SP
ass
ists
the
part
icip
ant i
n
iden
tifyi
ng jo
b/tr
aini
ng o
ppor
tuni
ties
and
mar
ketin
g
his/
her
capa
bilit
ies
and
serv
ices
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SPca
nvas
ses
the
com
mun
ity to
det
erm
ine
the
natu
re o
f th
e jo
b m
arke
t, w
orki
ng w
ith
empl
oyer
s to
impr
ove
thei
r re
cept
ivity
to h
irin
gpa
rtic
ipan
ts.
1T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP r
esea
rche
sla
bor
mar
ket i
nfor
mat
ion
thro
ugh
col-
lect
ing
and
orga
nizi
ng g
ener
al a
dver
-tis
ing,
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f L
abor
dat
aba
se, a
vaila
ble
job
post
ings
and
oth
erre
sour
ces.
i/1 T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP c
alls
, vis
itsan
d en
cour
ages
pot
entia
l em
ploy
ers
to h
ire
part
icip
ants
, and
doc
umen
tsth
ese
activ
ities
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP a
ssis
tspa
rtic
ipan
ts to
mat
ch th
eir
skill
s w
ith jo
bop
port
uniti
es a
nd th
e ne
eds
of e
mpl
oyer
s in
the
com
mun
ity.
l/1 T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP p
rovi
des
exam
-pl
es o
f pa
rtic
ipan
ts w
ho h
ave
been
empl
oyed
in jo
bs th
at m
atch
thei
rsk
ills.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP w
orks
with
oth
er e
mpl
oym
ent a
nd r
ehab
ilita
tion
agen
cies
in th
e co
mm
unity
to m
axim
ize
job
oppo
rtun
ities
for
par
ticip
ants
.
127
1/ T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP f
acili
tate
s in
ter-
agen
cy c
olla
bora
tion
by in
itiat
ing
wri
tten
corr
espo
nden
ce a
nd s
ettin
g up
mee
tings
.
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
C:
The
com
pete
nt C
SH
SP
col
labo
rate
s w
ith e
mpl
oyer
s
and
scho
ol p
erso
nnel
to s
uppo
rt th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t,
adap
ting
the
envi
ronm
ent,
and
prov
idin
g jo
b
rete
ntio
n su
ppor
ts.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP w
orks
with
the
part
icip
ant a
nd th
e em
ploy
er o
r sc
hool
to id
entif
y en
viro
nmen
tal s
uita
bilit
y to
fac
ilita
tesu
cces
sful
job
perf
orm
ance
and
ret
entio
n.
L.
The
com
pete
nt C
SHSP
, col
labo
ratin
gw
ith p
artic
ipan
t, em
ploy
er o
r sc
hool
,as
sess
es e
nvir
onm
enta
l acc
essi
bilit
y(i
.e. a
ccom
mod
atio
ns f
or in
divi
dual
requ
irem
ents
) by
an
on-s
ite v
isit,
and
repo
rts
resu
lts in
wri
ting.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP w
orks
with
the
part
icip
ant a
nd th
e em
ploy
er o
r sc
hool
to id
entif
y tr
aini
ng r
esou
rces
that
will
enh
ance
the
part
icip
ant's
job
perf
orm
ance
and
empl
oyab
ility
.
1 28
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
iT
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP id
entif
ies
and
com
pile
s in
form
atio
n pe
rtin
ent t
otr
aini
ng r
esou
rces
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP le
arns
abou
t the
req
uire
men
ts o
f th
e jo
bs th
at p
artic
i-pa
nts
are
seek
ing
in o
rder
to id
entif
y ap
prop
riat
esu
ppor
ts.
The
com
pete
nt C
SHSP
, in
colla
bora
tion
with
the
part
icip
ant,
colle
cts
wri
tten
and
verb
al in
form
a-tio
n ab
out j
ob r
equi
rem
ents
, e.g
., jo
bde
scri
ptio
ns, t
asks
ana
lysi
s, in
ord
erto
dev
elop
app
ropr
iate
sup
port
s.
iT
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP, i
nco
llabo
ratio
n w
ith th
e pa
rtic
ipan
tan
d hi
s/he
r fa
mily
/fri
ends
, dev
elop
s a
plan
to a
dapt
the
envi
ronm
ent a
ndpr
ovid
e jo
b re
tent
ion
supp
orts
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP a
ssis
tspa
rtic
ipan
t's c
o-w
orke
rs to
und
erst
and
the
way
sin
whi
ch th
ey c
an s
uppo
rt th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t in
the
wor
kpla
ce.
W"
The
CSH
SP c
an d
escr
ibe
supp
ort p
ro-
vide
d by
the
part
icip
ant's
co-
wor
kers
resu
lting
fro
m m
eetin
gs w
ith th
eC
SHSP
.
Wa,
".. t
hey
have
com
e to
unde
rsta
nd c
omm
unity
incl
usiv
e em
ploy
men
t
not a
s ju
st a
goo
d id
ea
for
som
e, r
athe
r as
a
right
of a
ll pe
ople
."
Val
erie
J. B
radl
ey, J
ohn
W. A
shba
ugh,
and
Bru
ce
Bla
ney
(199
4) "
Cre
atin
g
Indi
vidu
al S
uppo
rts
for
Peo
ple
with
Dev
elop
men
-
tal D
isab
ilitie
s: A
Man
date
for
Cha
nge
at M
any
Leve
ls."
1 29
page
59
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
CO
MP
ET
EN
CY
AR
EA
10:
laC
risi
sIn
terv
entio
nT
he c
omm
unity
sup
port
hum
an s
ervi
ce p
ract
ition
ersh
ould
be
know
ledg
eabl
e ab
out c
risi
s pr
even
tion,
inte
rven
tion
and
reso
lutio
n te
chni
ques
and
sho
uld
mat
chsu
ch te
chni
ques
to p
artic
ular
cir
cum
stan
ces
and
indi
vidu
als.
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
A:
The
com
pete
nt C
SH
SP
iden
tifie
s th
e cr
isis
, def
uses
the
situ
atio
n, e
valu
ates
and
det
erm
ines
an
inte
rven
tion
stra
tegy
and
con
tact
s ne
cess
ary
supp
orts
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP p
ract
ices
cris
is p
reve
ntio
n by
eva
luat
ing
the
inte
ract
ion
ofth
e pa
rtic
ipan
t with
oth
ers
and
the
envi
ronm
ent
and
plan
s an
d re
spon
ds a
ccor
ding
ly.
V G
iven
a s
cena
rio
the
CSH
SP d
escr
ibes
aspe
cts
of th
e en
viro
nmen
t or
part
ici-
pant
inte
ract
ion
likel
y to
cau
se c
rise
s
page
60
V=
PE
RF
OR
MA
NC
E IN
DIC
AT
OR
130
and
form
ulat
es in
terv
entio
ns li
kely
topr
even
t suc
h cr
ises
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SPin
terv
enes
in th
e cr
isis
situ
atio
n by
man
agin
g th
eph
ysic
al a
nd s
ocia
l env
iron
men
t to
redu
ceco
nflic
t, an
d pr
omot
e sa
fety
of
part
icip
ants
,
wor
kers
and
oth
ers.
V G
iven
a s
cena
rio,
the
CSH
SP e
xpla
ins
the
appr
opri
ate
tech
niqu
es w
hich
wou
ld b
e ef
fect
ive
in m
anag
ing
the
cris
is a
nd e
nsur
ing
a sa
feen
viro
nmen
t.
131
0
A J
udy
is c
omfo
rted
by
her
pers
onal
ass
ista
nt,
Gai
l.
V T
he s
uper
viso
r in
dica
tes
that
the
CSH
SP h
as m
anag
ed c
risi
s si
tuat
ions
effe
ctiv
ely.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP s
eeks
outs
ide
assi
stan
ce w
hen
nece
ssar
y,un
ders
tand
ing
his
or h
er li
mita
tions
and
abi
litie
sin
par
ticul
ar s
ituat
ions
.
V G
iven
sce
nari
os, t
he C
SHSP
is a
ble
toid
entif
y si
tuat
ions
bey
ond
his
or h
erab
ility
or
trai
ning
and
ste
ps to
take
toga
in n
eede
d as
sist
ance
in th
e cr
isis
situ
atio
n.
V T
he C
SHSP
can
iden
tify
loca
lre
sour
ces
and
proc
edur
es f
or o
btai
n-in
g as
sist
ance
in a
n em
erge
ncy.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP e
xam
ines
the
inci
dent
, int
ervi
ews
thos
e in
volv
ed, e
xplo
res
the
caus
es, a
nd r
ecom
men
ds s
trat
egie
s to
prev
ent r
ecur
renc
e an
d to
res
olve
und
erly
ing
conf
licts
.
V G
iven
a s
cena
rio,
the
CSH
SPex
amin
es th
e in
cide
nt a
nd id
entif
ies
who
is in
volv
ed, p
ossi
ble
caus
es, a
ndst
rate
gies
for
pre
vent
ion.
1 32
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
B:
The
com
pete
nt C
SH
SP
con
tinue
s to
mon
itor
cris
is
situ
atio
ns, d
iscu
ssin
g th
e in
cide
nt w
ith a
utho
rized
staf
f and
par
ticip
ant(
s), a
djus
ting
supp
orts
and
the
envi
ronm
ent,
and
com
plyi
ng w
ith r
egul
atio
ns fo
r
repo
rtin
g.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP r
evie
ws
the
cris
is s
ituat
ion
with
aut
hori
zed
staf
f an
d w
ithth
e pa
rtic
ipan
t to
dete
rmin
e th
e ne
ed f
oron
goin
g su
ppor
t and
to d
evel
op s
trat
egie
s fo
rav
oidi
ng s
uch
cris
es in
the
futu
re.
V A
fter
con
sulti
ng w
ith th
e pa
rtic
ipan
tan
d ot
her
staf
f, th
e C
SHSP
list
s st
rate
-gi
es f
or a
void
ing
cris
is in
the
futu
re.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SPco
ncep
tual
izes
a p
lan
to im
plem
ent
orga
niza
tiona
l or
pers
onne
l cha
nges
to lo
wer
the
risk
of
sim
ilar
inci
dent
s.
V G
iven
a s
cena
rio,
the
CSH
SP c
ande
scri
be n
eede
d ch
ange
s in
the
orga
-ni
zatio
n or
per
sonn
el th
at w
ill lo
wer
the
risk
of
a re
peat
ed e
vent
.
"Cris
es h
ave
the
pote
n-
tial f
or b
oth
posi
tive
and
nega
tive
resu
lts.
The
Chi
nese
Cha
ract
er
for
"cris
is"
has
two
inte
rpre
tatio
ns,
"dan
ger"
and
"op
por-
tuni
ty."
"K
risis
", th
e
Gre
ek r
oot o
f the
Eng
-
lish
wor
d, m
eans
dec
i-
sion
or
turn
ing
poin
t."
Mic
hie,
199
1
133
page
61
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
"Peo
ple
prov
ide
cruc
ial
supp
orts
whe
n tim
es
are
diffi
cult.
Thi
s su
p-
port
not
onl
y af
fect
s
the
pers
on w
ith a
dis
-
abili
ty b
ut th
ose
who
assi
st a
s w
ell."
from
Rem
embe
ring
The
Sou
l Of O
ur W
ork:
Sto
ries
by th
e S
taff
of O
ptio
ns in
Com
mun
ity L
ivin
g, J
ohn
O'B
rien,
and
Con
nie
Lyle
O'B
rien
edito
rs (
1992
).
page
62
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SPac
cura
tely
doc
umen
ts a
nd r
epor
ts th
e in
cide
nt
acco
rdin
g to
reg
ulat
ions
.
k' G
iven
a s
cena
rio
and
corr
espo
ndin
gre
gula
tions
, the
CSH
SP c
an d
escr
ibe
repo
rtin
g re
quir
emen
ts f
or a
ran
ge o
fin
cide
nts.
1 T
he s
uper
viso
r re
view
s in
cide
ntre
port
s co
mpl
eted
by
the
CSH
SP to
ensu
re th
at th
ey a
re a
ccep
tabl
e.
T34
135
CO
MP
ET
EN
CY
AR
EA
11
_rO
rgan
izat
iona
lr3 "
Part
icip
atio
nT
he c
omm
unity
bas
ed s
uppo
rt w
orke
r is
fam
iliar
with
the
mis
sion
and
pra
ctic
es o
f th
e su
ppor
t org
aniz
atio
nan
d pa
rtic
ipat
es in
the
life
of th
e or
gani
zatio
n.
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
A:
The
com
pete
nt C
SH
SP
con
trib
utes
to p
rogr
am
eval
uatio
ns, a
nd h
elps
to s
et o
rgan
izat
iona
l
prio
ritie
s to
ens
ure
qual
ity.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP w
orks
with
oth
er s
taff
to r
evie
w th
e or
gani
zatio
nal
mis
sion
, dev
elop
s or
gani
zatio
nal p
rior
ities
, and
disc
usse
s qu
ality
indi
cato
rs f
or p
artic
ipan
tsu
ppor
t.
i/1 T
he s
uper
viso
r re
port
s th
at th
eC
SHSP
par
ticip
ates
in r
evie
ws
and
136
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
disc
ussi
ons
rega
rdin
g th
e or
gani
za-
tion'
s m
issi
on a
nd p
rior
ities
.
l#f F
rom
the
prog
ram
spe
cifi
c m
issi
on,
the
com
pete
nt C
SHSP
and
co-
wor
kers
iden
tify
and
wri
te q
ualit
y in
dica
tors
spec
ific
to th
eir
area
of
resp
onsi
bilit
y.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP s
eeks
feed
back
fro
m p
artic
ipan
ts r
egar
ding
his
or
her
perf
orm
ance
.
I/1
The
com
pete
nt C
SHSP
rec
ords
ver
bal
and/
or w
ritte
n fe
edba
ck f
rom
par
tici-
pant
s on
his
/her
per
form
ance
.
BE
ST
CO
PY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
MI%
A E
mpo
wer
ed w
orke
rsco
ntrib
ute
to th
e m
is-
sion
and
vita
lity
of a
nor
gani
zatio
n.
137
PO
' = P
ER
FO
RM
AN
CE
IND
ICA
TO
Rpa
ge 6
3
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
"Typ
ical
hum
an s
ervi
ce
prog
ram
s ai
m to
chan
ge th
eir
clie
nts
by
incr
easi
ng s
kills
and
mod
ifyin
g un
acce
pt-
able
beh
avio
r. T
ypic
al
prog
ram
s st
ruct
ure
thei
r cl
ient
's ti
me
and
rela
tions
hips
on
the
basi
s of
sta
ff id
eas
abou
t how
peo
ple
chan
ge. O
ptio
ns' s
taff
star
t fro
m a
noth
er
plac
e; th
ey c
halle
nge
them
selv
es to
dis
cove
r
wha
t it w
ill ta
ke to
supp
ort e
ach
pers
on to
mak
e an
d ke
ep a
pla
ce
in c
omm
unity
life
."
from
Rem
embe
ring
The
Sou
l Of O
ur W
ork:
Sto
ries
by th
e S
taff
of O
ptio
ns in
Com
mun
ity L
ivin
g, J
ohn
O'B
rien,
and
Con
nie
Lyle
O'B
rien
edito
rs (
1992
).
page
64
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SPin
corp
orat
es th
e re
sults
of
prog
ram
and
part
icip
ant e
valu
atio
ns in
to c
hang
es in
his
or
her
prac
tice
and
appr
oach
.
i/f W
ritin
g hi
s or
her
ann
ual
perf
orm
ance
goa
ls, t
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP in
corp
orat
es th
e pr
ogra
m a
ndpa
rtic
ipan
t eva
luat
ions
.
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
B:
The
com
pete
nt C
SH
SP
inco
rpor
ates
sen
sitiv
ity to
cultu
ral,
relig
ious
, rac
ial,
disa
bilit
y, a
nd g
ende
r is
sues
into
dai
ly p
ract
ices
and
inte
ract
ions
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP w
orks
with
oth
er s
taff
in th
e ag
ency
to d
evel
oppr
actic
es s
ensi
tive
to c
ultu
ral,
relig
ious
,di
sabi
lity,
and
gen
der
issu
es.
138
i#1
The
sup
ervi
sor
repo
rts
that
the
CSH
SP s
ets
up o
r pa
rtic
ipat
es in
wor
ksho
ps f
or s
taff
on
cultu
ral,
reli-
giou
s, r
acia
l, di
sabi
lity
and/
or g
ende
ris
sues
.
1/ T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP d
evel
ops
serv
ice
guid
elin
es in
col
labo
ratio
nw
ith s
taff
and
par
ticip
ants
and
inac
cord
ance
with
age
ncy
polic
y.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP n
etw
orks
with
oth
er o
rgan
izat
ions
in th
e co
mm
unity
that
prom
ote
sens
itivi
ty to
cul
tura
l, re
ligio
us, r
acia
l,di
sabi
lity,
and
gen
der
issu
es.
v T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP d
evel
ops
are
sour
ce d
irec
tory
of
com
mun
ity o
rga-
niza
tions
that
pro
mot
e se
nsiti
vity
tocu
ltura
l, re
ligio
us, r
acia
l, di
sabi
lity
and
gend
er is
sues
.
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
C:
The
com
pete
nt C
SH
SP
pro
vide
s an
d ac
cept
s
co-w
orke
r su
ppor
t, pa
rtic
ipat
ing
in s
uppo
rtiv
e
supe
rvis
ion,
per
form
ance
eva
luat
ion,
and
cont
ribut
ing
to th
e sc
reen
ing
of p
oten
tial
empl
oyee
s.
1_39
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SPes
tabl
ishe
s an
d m
aint
ains
eff
ectiv
e w
orki
ngre
latio
nshi
ps w
ith a
ll le
vels
of
pers
onne
l with
inth
e or
gani
zatio
n.
The
com
pete
nt C
SHSP
's p
erfo
rman
ceev
alua
tions
ref
lect
eff
ectiv
e w
orki
ngre
latio
nshi
ps w
ith a
ll le
vels
of
pers
on-
nel w
ithin
the
orga
niza
tions
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SPpa
rtic
ipat
es in
age
ncy
men
tori
ng p
rogr
ams.
The
CSH
SP p
erso
nally
sel
ects
and
mee
ts r
egul
arly
with
a m
ento
r to
deve
lop
prof
essi
onal
goa
ls.
k T
he C
SHSP
in c
olla
bora
tion
with
his/
her
men
tor,
list
s st
rate
gies
for
achi
evin
g pr
ofes
sion
al g
oals
.
Ws'
The
CSH
SP's
per
form
ance
eva
luat
ions
refl
ect p
rogr
ess
tow
ard
achi
evem
ent
of g
oals
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SPpa
rtic
ipat
es in
the
hiri
ng a
nd p
eer
revi
ewpr
oces
s.
140
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
W"
The
sup
ervi
sor
repo
rts
that
as
part
of
the
hiri
ng p
roce
ss, t
he C
SHSP
rev
iew
sjo
b de
scri
ptio
ns, r
evie
ws
resu
mes
of
appl
ican
ts, a
nd in
terv
iew
s po
tent
ial
empl
oyee
s.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP w
orks
with
app
ropr
iate
sup
ervi
sors
to d
evel
oppr
ofes
sion
al g
oals
.
I.T
he C
SHSP
's p
erio
dic
empl
oyee
revi
ews
or s
elf
asse
ssm
ents
con
tain
evid
ence
of
prof
essi
onal
goa
ls.
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
D:
The
com
pete
nt C
SH
SP
pro
vide
s in
put i
nto
budg
et
prio
ritie
s, id
entif
ying
way
s to
pro
vide
ser
vice
s in
a
mor
e co
st-b
enef
icia
l man
ner.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP w
orks
with
oth
er s
taff
to r
evie
w b
udge
t pri
oriti
es a
nd to
mak
e su
gges
tions
reg
ardi
ng c
ost b
enef
icia
lm
etho
ds o
f us
ing
reso
urce
s.
141
page
65
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
page
66
The
sup
ervi
sor
repo
rts
that
the
CSH
SPco
ntri
bute
s to
rev
iew
s of
the
budg
etan
d pa
rtic
ipat
es in
mak
ing
reco
m-
men
datio
ns f
or p
rogr
am b
udge
ts.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SPun
ders
tand
s th
e or
gani
zatio
nal s
truc
ture
of
the
agen
cy a
ttend
s ag
ency
rel
ated
mee
tings
as
appr
opri
ate.
142
V. T
he C
SHSP
acc
urat
ely
desc
ribe
s th
eor
gani
zatio
nal s
truc
ture
of
the
agen
cy.
V T
he s
uper
viso
r co
nfir
ms
CSH
SP p
ar-
ticip
atio
n in
app
ropr
iate
mee
tings
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SPac
know
ledg
es v
olun
teer
and
in-k
ind
cont
ribu
tions
to p
artic
ipan
ts.
V T
he s
uper
viso
r re
port
s th
at th
eC
SHSP
ack
now
ledg
es c
ontr
ibut
ions
whe
re a
ppro
pria
te.
143
CO
MP
ET
EN
CY
AR
EA
12:
Doc
umen
tatio
nT
he c
omm
unity
bas
ed s
uppo
rt w
orke
r is
aw
are
ofth
e re
quir
emen
ts f
or d
ocum
enta
tion
in h
is o
r he
ror
gani
zatio
n an
d is
abl
e to
man
age
thes
e re
quir
emen
tsef
fici
ently
.
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
A:
The
com
pete
nt C
SH
SP
mai
ntai
ns a
ccur
ate
reco
rds,
colle
ctin
g, c
ompi
ling
and
eval
uatin
g da
ta, a
ndsu
bmitt
ing
reco
rds
to a
ppro
pria
te s
ourc
es in
a
timel
y fa
shio
n.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP r
ecor
ds
data
nea
tly, c
oher
ently
, acc
urat
ely
and
obje
ctiv
ely.
The
sup
ervi
sor
revi
ews
docu
men
ta-
tion
com
plet
ed b
y th
e C
SHSP
toen
sure
req
uire
men
ts a
re m
et.
144
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
,
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP w
rite
s
effe
ctiv
ely
usin
g pr
oper
gra
mm
ar, c
orre
ctsp
ellin
g an
d se
nten
ce s
truc
ture
.
1/1
The
CSH
SP's
por
tfol
io in
clud
esex
am-
ples
of
effe
ctiv
e w
ritin
g.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP e
xerc
ises
prop
er ju
dgm
ent i
n ba
lanc
ing
repo
rtin
gre
quir
emen
ts (
agen
cy p
olic
y, g
over
nmen
t and
fund
ing
requ
irem
ents
) w
ith p
riva
cy n
eeds
.
1/1
Giv
en a
sce
nari
o th
e C
SHSP
can
desc
ribe
str
ateg
ies
for
docu
men
ting
r",
Cle
arly
writ
ten
com
-m
unic
atio
n is
an
esse
n-
tial t
ool f
or th
e hu
man
serv
ice
wor
ker.
1.4
51.
4,0
= P
ER
FO
RM
AN
CE
IND
ICA
TO
Rpa
ge 6
7
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
"It i
s im
port
ant t
hat
the
wor
ker
stay
as
obje
ctiv
e as
pos
sibl
e
whe
n re
cord
ing
data
."
Nor
ma
Rad
ol R
aiff,
(199
2) C
urric
ulum
for
Com
-
mun
ity B
ased
Adu
lt C
ase
Man
agem
ent T
rain
ing.
page
68
146
esse
ntia
l inf
orm
atio
n w
hile
res
pect
ing
the
priv
acy
of th
e pa
rtic
ipan
t.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SPco
nsis
tent
ly u
ses
peop
le f
irst
lang
uage
in a
llw
ritte
n co
mm
unic
atio
n (e
.g. "
pers
on w
ithep
ileps
y" v
s. "
epile
ptic
").
1/ E
xam
ples
of
wri
tten
wor
k in
the
CSH
SP's
por
tfol
io in
dica
te u
se o
f "p
eo-
ple
firs
t" la
ngua
ge.
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
B:
The
com
pete
nt C
SH
SP
mai
ntai
ns s
tand
ards
of
conf
iden
tialit
y an
d et
hica
l pra
ctic
e.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP e
nsur
esth
at p
artic
ipan
ts a
re a
war
e of
thei
r ri
ghts
of
pers
onal
acc
ess
to r
ecor
ds a
nd th
eir
righ
t to
give
or r
efus
e co
nsen
t for
rel
ease
of
info
rmat
ion
to
othe
rs.
i/` T
he p
artic
ipan
t or
his
or h
er f
amily
or
frie
nds
expr
ess
a cl
ear
unde
rsta
ndin
gof
the
part
icip
ant's
rig
hts
of a
cces
s to
reco
rds
and
thei
r ri
ght t
o re
fuse
con
-se
nt f
or r
elea
se o
f in
form
atio
n.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP e
xerc
ises
soun
d ju
dgm
ent i
n m
anag
ing
verb
al a
nd w
ritte
nin
form
atio
n so
as
to p
rote
ct p
artic
ipan
t'sco
nfid
entia
lity
and
prov
ide
info
rmat
ion
to o
ther
sw
ho h
ave
a le
gitim
ate
need
to k
now
.
i#`
Giv
en s
cena
rios
, the
CSH
SP d
emon
-st
rate
s a
know
ledg
e of
con
fide
ntia
lity
and
limits
on
rele
asin
g in
form
atio
n to
othe
rs.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP in
form
sth
e pa
rtic
ipan
t abo
ut s
ituat
ions
that
wou
ld li
kely
invo
lve
disc
losu
re o
f pr
ivat
e in
form
atio
n pr
ior
toth
at d
istr
ibut
ion,
e.g
., he
alth
and
saf
ety
issu
es.
t#' A
rev
iew
of
part
icip
ant r
ecor
ds in
di-
cate
s th
e pr
esen
ce o
f si
gned
dis
clos
ure
agre
emen
ts o
r ot
her
assu
ranc
es th
atco
nfid
ence
is m
aint
aine
d.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP in
form
spa
rtic
ipan
ts o
f si
tuat
ions
whi
ch w
arra
nted
the
rele
ase
of c
onfi
dent
ial i
nfor
mat
ion
with
out p
rior
cons
ent,
and
the
likel
y co
nseq
uenc
es o
f su
chdi
sclo
sure
.
147
1/1
The
CSH
SP c
an d
efin
e si
tuat
ions
inw
hich
he
or s
he is
req
uire
d to
rel
ease
info
rmat
ion
with
out p
rior
con
sent
,in
clud
ing
the
cons
eque
nces
of
the
dis-
clos
ure.
W"
The
CSH
SP d
ocum
ents
rea
sons
why
the
rele
ase
of in
form
atio
n w
ithou
tpr
ior
cons
ent w
as n
eces
sary
.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP
unde
rsta
nds
the
lega
l req
uire
men
ts a
nd p
erso
nal
liabi
lity
of a
ll w
ritte
n co
mm
unic
atio
n.
I.G
iven
a s
cena
rio,
the
CSH
SP c
anst
ate
the
lega
l req
uire
men
ts a
nd p
er-
sona
l lia
bilit
y of
his
or
her
wri
tten
com
mun
icat
ion.
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
C:
The
com
pete
nt C
SH
SP
lear
ns a
nd r
emai
ns c
urre
nt
with
app
ropr
iate
doc
umen
tatio
n sy
stem
s, s
ettin
g
prio
ritie
s an
d de
velo
ping
a s
yste
m to
man
age
docu
men
tatio
n.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP m
anag
estim
e so
that
doc
umen
tatio
n re
quir
emen
ts a
rem
et.
148
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
W`
The
sup
ervi
sor
repo
rts
that
the
CSH
SP c
ompl
etes
req
uire
d do
cum
en-
tatio
n on
tim
e.
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP u
ses
com
pute
rs, w
hen
avai
labl
e, a
nd o
ther
tool
s to
orga
nize
and
ret
riev
e in
form
atio
n.
fr.'
Whe
n gi
ven
tool
s pr
ovid
ed b
y th
eag
ency
, CSH
SP d
emon
stra
tes
com
pe-
tenc
e in
org
aniz
ing
and
retr
ievi
ngin
form
atio
n (e
.g.,
auto
mat
ed a
ndm
anua
l sys
tem
s).
AC
TIV
ITY
:T
he c
ompe
tent
CSH
SP b
alan
ces
the
nece
ssity
of
docu
men
tatio
n w
ith th
eim
port
ance
of o
ther
act
iviti
es, e
spec
ially
dire
ctco
ntac
t with
par
ticip
ants
.
1/`
The
sup
ervi
sor
repo
rts
that
the
CSH
SP a
ppro
pria
tely
bal
ance
s th
edo
cum
enta
tion
task
s w
ith o
ther
act
iv-
ities
.
149
page
69
AP
PE
ND
IX A
Tec
hnic
al C
omm
ittee
Mar
y D
i Gio
vann
iC
ounc
il fo
r St
anda
rds
in H
uman
Ser
vice
Edu
catio
n,H
aver
ill, M
A
Aas
e R
ight
erA
mer
ican
Net
wor
k of
Com
mun
ity O
ptio
ns &
Res
ourc
es (
AN
CO
R),
Ann
anda
le, V
A
Mad
elin
e B
. Hem
min
gsN
atio
nal A
ssoc
. of
Stat
e D
irec
tors
of
Voc
atio
nal
Tec
hnic
al E
duca
tion
Con
sort
ium
, Was
hing
ton,
DC
Paul
Mar
chan
dC
onso
rtiu
m f
or C
itize
ns w
ith D
isab
ilitie
s,W
ashi
ngto
n, D
C
Ric
hard
Ber
kobi
enT
he A
rc o
f th
e U
nite
d St
ates
, Arl
ingt
on, T
X
Jam
es M
cKen
ney
Am
eric
an A
ssoc
iatio
n of
Com
mun
ity C
olle
ges,
Was
hing
ton,
DC
Mar
gare
t Pie
sert
Serv
ice
Em
ploy
ees
Inte
rnat
iona
l Uni
on,
Was
hing
ton,
DC 15
0
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
Gor
don
A. R
aley
Nat
iona
l Ass
embl
y of
Vol
unta
ry H
ealth
& S
ocia
lW
elfa
re O
rgan
izat
ions
, Inc
., W
ashi
ngto
n, D
C
Fran
klyn
M. R
othe
rN
atio
nal O
rgan
izat
ion
for
Hum
an s
ervi
ce E
duca
tion
(NO
HSE
), L
incr
oft,
NJ
Dar
vin
Hir
sch
Nat
iona
l Ass
ocia
tion
of S
tate
Dir
ecto
rs o
fD
evel
opm
enta
l Dis
abili
ties
Serv
ices
, Top
eka,
KS
Bru
ce L
oren
zN
atio
nal A
ssoc
iatio
n of
Alc
ohol
& D
rug
Add
ictio
nC
ouns
elor
Cer
tific
atio
n C
omm
issi
on, D
over
, DE
Dia
nne
Wei
nste
inIn
tern
atio
nal A
ssoc
iatio
n of
Psy
chos
ocia
lR
ehab
ilita
tion
Serv
ices
(IA
PSR
S), C
olum
bia,
MD
Mau
reen
Lei
ghto
nT
he C
hild
Wel
fare
Lea
gue
of A
mer
ica,
Was
hing
ton,
DC
151
page
71
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
AP
PE
ND
IX B
:
Proj
ect P
artic
ipan
tsJO
B A
NA
LYS
IS W
OR
KS
HO
PS
Rus
sell
Ben
nett,
Gua
dalu
pe C
ount
y M
H/M
R
Nor
man
Bla
cksh
ear,
Vol
unte
ers
of A
mer
ica
Lin
da B
row
n, T
exas
Sta
te F
oste
r Pa
rent
s In
c.
Chr
isty
Can
nady
, Mar
tin L
uthe
r K
ing
Cen
ter
Lis
a C
hapm
an, C
omm
unity
Liv
ing
Serv
ice
Elis
a C
lark
e, U
nite
d C
ereb
ral P
alsy
of
New
Yor
k C
ity
Kri
s C
usac
k, T
exas
Col
labo
rativ
e T
rans
ition
Pro
ject
Dav
id D
ubof
f, H
ousi
ng R
efor
m P
roje
ct
Mar
y R
osse
r Fu
rr, R
osse
r's R
espi
te
Dan
iel G
ross
, Vad
is N
orth
wes
t
Mau
reen
Hay
war
d, D
SSC
Kat
hlee
n H
orm
ann,
Was
hing
ton
PAV
E
Lyn
da H
udsp
eth,
Uni
ted
Cer
ebra
l Pal
sy A
ssoc
iatio
n,A
ustin
Gay
e Je
nsen
, Vas
hon
Hea
lth C
ente
r
Lis
a A
nn J
ohns
on, A
ltern
ativ
es f
or G
irls
Seth
Kra
kaue
r, A
HR
C/H
IRE
Kar
en L
opez
, Uni
ted
Cer
ebra
l Pal
sy A
ssoc
iatio
n, A
ustin
Mic
hael
an M
artin
, Nem
aske
t Gro
up
Elli
e M
azza
, Mon
mou
th M
edic
al C
ente
r
Scot
t McD
onal
d, U
nite
d C
ereb
ral P
alsy
of
Kin
gSn
ohom
ish
Cou
ntie
s
page
72
.152
Chr
isto
pher
Mer
tz, D
aybr
eak
Shel
ter,
Hom
eles
sO
utre
ach
Rob
in M
iner
s, M
ichi
gan
Prot
ectio
n an
d A
dvoc
acy
Alli
son
Min
g, U
nite
d C
ereb
ral P
alsy
of
New
Yor
k C
ity
Luc
ette
Mor
riso
n, H
ayes
-Bla
nco
Spec
ial E
duca
tion
Coo
pera
tive
Zip
pora
h M
oten
, Sou
thw
est D
etro
it C
omm
unity
Men
tal H
ealth
Em
ily M
oye,
AA
RB
, New
Yor
k
Mar
ietta
Noe
l, A
ustin
-Tra
vis
Cou
nty
MH
/MR
Jam
es N
orm
adin
, Gre
ater
Lyn
n M
enta
l Hea
lth
Mar
y Ja
net N
ylan
d, K
itsap
Rec
over
y C
ente
r
Kim
berl
y Pe
ters
on, P
ierc
e C
ount
y A
llian
ce
Fran
k Pu
llen,
Uni
ted
Cer
ebra
l Pal
sy, S
eattl
e
Tam
my
Rig
gan,
Com
mun
ity O
ptio
ns o
f T
exas
Shar
on R
ober
ts, L
eake
& W
atts
Dia
ne R
oss,
Ply
mou
th A
RC
Rog
er S
aran
go, L
owel
l Hou
se, I
nc.
Sally
Seh
msd
orf,
Cre
ativ
e L
ivin
g Se
rvic
es
Julie
Silv
er, H
uman
Ser
vice
s R
esea
rch
Inst
itute
Alic
ia S
mith
, Was
hten
aw I
nter
vent
ions
Ver
na S
payt
h, A
DA
PT/M
ichi
gan
Jean
a Sp
ence
r, A
IDS
Car
e C
onne
ctio
n
153
Kri
stin
Eliz
abet
h Sw
anso
n, N
euro
Car
e R
ehab
With
out W
alls
Deb
ra T
hibo
deau
, DSS
C, D
over
, NH
Patty
Tho
mas
, Hum
an S
ervi
ce, I
nc.
Dou
g W
aech
ter,
Bur
net C
ount
y M
enta
l Hea
lthC
ente
r
Cry
stal
Whi
te, H
uman
Gro
wth
Sys
tem
Leo
nard
Wilk
ins,
Tra
nsiti
onal
Ser
vice
s, I
nc.-
New
Yor
k
Rob
in L
. Will
iam
s, M
ott C
hild
ren'
s H
ealth
Cen
ter
Tim
othy
Wol
fe, A
RC
-Kin
g C
ount
y
Car
l Wri
ght,
Tex
as A
dvoc
ates
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
S V
ALI
DA
TIO
NW
OR
KS
HO
PS
PIL
OT
WO
RK
SH
OP
MA
SS
AC
HU
SE
TT
S
Ant
hony
Api
cella
, Beh
avio
ral S
ervi
ces
Don
Bak
er, V
infe
n C
orp.
Che
ryl B
rant
le, F
ortu
ne H
ouse
Dia
nne
Cou
ris,
Vin
fen
Cor
p.
Mic
helle
Cro
ce, D
DT
C S
outh
Hat
tie C
ross
, Met
ro R
espi
te
Gar
et H
orst
man
, Vin
fen
Cor
p.
Mar
ia J
osep
h, D
DT
C S
outh
Cat
hy M
oria
rity
, MM
HC
154
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
Jill
Pedr
ick,
Vin
fen
Cor
p.
Bar
ry S
chw
artz
, Vin
fen
Cor
p.
Tom
Sim
on, V
infe
n C
orp.
NE
W Y
OR
K
Deb
orah
Ald
brid
ge, T
he F
amily
Pla
ce, U
nite
dH
ospi
tal
Mar
ia B
raha
m, U
nite
d C
ereb
ral P
alsy
Mar
ietta
Hog
an B
urke
, Inf
ant &
Chi
ld L
earn
ing
Cen
ter
Oliv
e D
anie
ls, U
nite
d C
ereb
ral P
alsy
Kar
en D
enni
s, S
ervi
ces
for
the
Und
erse
rved
Judi
th F
inke
l, B
rook
dale
Com
mun
ity C
olle
ge
Car
olin
e G
reen
e, A
lber
t Ein
stei
n C
olle
ge o
f M
edic
ine,
Subs
tanc
e A
buse
Div
.
Wal
tina
Hou
stin
, Uni
ted
Cer
ebra
l Pal
sy
Idet
ta I
ssa,
Uni
ted
Cer
ebra
l Pal
sy
Val
erie
Jam
ison
, Bet
h Is
rael
Med
ical
Cen
ter
Len
a Jo
nes,
Uni
ted
Cer
ebra
l Pal
sy
Ang
el P
erez
, Uni
ted
Cer
ebra
l Pal
sy
Shar
on B
asco
m R
amja
ttan,
F.E
.G.S
.
Rita
Rya
ls, E
dwin
Gou
ld S
ervi
ces
for
Chi
ldre
n
Patr
icia
Sta
ley,
Cre
edm
ore
Psyc
hiat
ric
Cen
ter
Tod
d Se
war
d, B
ower
y R
esid
ence
Com
mitt
ee, H
uman
Serv
ice
Cor
p.
Mar
k W
ilt, D
rug
& A
lcoh
ol T
reat
men
t Fac
ilitie
s In
c.
155
page
73
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
page
74
TA
CO
MA
, WA
SHIN
GT
ON
Kar
en A
nder
son,
Was
hing
ton
PAV
E
Mar
sha
And
rosk
a, P
ierc
e C
olle
ge
Che
ryl B
orde
n, A
cres
Lan
ding
Inc
,
Lyn
da B
row
n, H
uman
ser
vice
Res
earc
h In
stitu
te
Alis
abet
h B
uckm
arsh
, Tac
oma
Com
mun
ity C
olle
ge
Joan
ne B
utts
, Was
hing
ton
PAV
E
Jim
Car
rol,
Tac
oma
Com
mun
ity C
olle
ge
Kar
en C
rave
n, O
rego
n R
ehab
ilita
tion
Ass
ocia
tion
Col
leen
Ers
kine
, Div
isio
n of
Dev
elop
men
tal
Dis
abili
ties
Kat
hy H
orm
ann,
Chi
ld D
evel
opm
ent C
ente
r
Ala
n K
emp,
Pie
rce
Col
lege
Sally
Nix
on, C
ount
y Pl
anne
r, A
ging
and
Lon
gT
erm
Car
e
Susi
e R
oder
, Chi
nook
Ent
erpr
ises
Lee
Val
enta
, Con
sulta
nt
TE
XA
S
Loi
s B
audo
ux, G
reat
er A
ustin
Mus
ic T
hera
py
Mitc
hell
Bay
es, B
ayes
Ach
ieve
men
t Cen
ter,
Inc
.
Mar
tha
Gild
reat
h, H
.O.B
.O.
Jani
ce G
uillo
ry, A
RC
IL I
nc,.
Nan
ci J
ohns
on, A
ustin
Sta
te H
ospi
tal
Lua
nne
Sout
hern
, Aus
tin-T
ravi
s C
ount
y M
H/M
R
Gay
la T
hom
pson
, Hou
ston
Com
mun
ity C
olle
ge S
yste
m
156
ILL
INO
IS
Phil
Bay
s, O
ak P
ark,
IL
Dia
na B
raun
, Spr
ingf
ield
, IL
Mar
cus
Cas
sady
, Roc
kfor
d, I
L
Cat
hy C
onou
r, S
prin
gfie
ld, I
L
Kei
th G
reer
, Roc
kfor
d, I
L
Tra
cy H
alm
, Oak
Par
k, I
L
Ken
neth
Her
al, R
ockf
ord,
IL
Mar
ilyn
Hug
hes,
Cas
eyvi
lle, I
L
Mar
k K
arne
r, O
ak P
ark,
IL
Che
ryl L
arge
nt, S
wan
sea,
IL
Kim
berl
y L
ett,
O'F
allo
n, I
L
Ray
lene
McG
onig
al, R
ockf
ord,
IL
Vio
lette
Nas
t, B
elle
ville
, IL
Har
riet
Tam
er, C
hica
go, I
L
Ray
mon
d U
rban
s, E
lmhu
rst,
IL
Ann
e U
rban
s, E
lmhu
rst,
IL
Jam
es Y
oung
, Sr.
, Chi
cago
, IL
157
SK
ILL
ST
AN
DA
RD
S D
EV
ELO
PM
EN
TW
OR
KS
HO
PS
Bob
Ago
lia,
Cen
ter
for
Pub
lic R
epre
sent
atio
n, M
A
Kat
e A
liesa
n, C
ompr
ehen
sive
Men
tal H
ealth
Cen
ter,
WA
Dav
id B
elto
n, T
he I
nstit
ute
for
Lea
ders
hip
&Sa
fegu
ards
Dev
elop
men
t, L
A
Nay
dean
Bla
ir, H
oust
on C
omm
unity
Col
lege
Bru
ce B
lane
y, H
uman
Ser
vice
s R
esea
rch
Inst
itute
,C
ambr
idge
, MA
Lew
Bud
d, R
uby
Rog
ers
Adv
ocac
y &
Dro
p-In
Cen
ter,
Cam
brid
ge, M
A
Jim
Car
rol,
Tac
oma
Com
mun
ity C
olle
ge
Mar
y C
erre
to, M
assa
chus
etts
Dep
artm
ent o
f M
enta
lR
etar
datio
n
Will
iam
Ebe
nste
in, C
onso
rtiu
m f
or th
e St
udy
ofD
isab
ilitie
s, C
ity U
nive
rsity
of
New
Yor
k
Ken
Gill
, Psy
chos
ocia
l Reh
abili
tatio
n an
dT
reat
men
t, N
J
Jack
ie G
risw
old,
New
Ham
pshi
re T
echn
ical
Col
lege
Joe
Hal
ligre
n, N
ew H
amps
hire
Tec
hnic
al C
olle
ge
Am
y H
ewitt
, Ins
titut
e fo
r C
omm
unity
Int
egra
tion,
Uni
vers
ity o
f M
inne
sota
Bob
bi H
oppm
an, N
ekto
n, I
nc.,
Min
neap
olis
, MN
Bev
erly
Mac
k H
arry
, Bev
erly
Mac
k H
arry
Con
sulti
ngSe
rvic
es, I
nc.,
New
Yor
k, N
Y
Bet
sy L
aite
nen,
Bos
ton
Cen
ter
for
Inde
pend
ent
Liv
ing
158
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
Paul
Mur
phy,
Med
way
, MA
Reg
is O
bijis
ki, N
ew H
oriz
ons
Res
ourc
es,
Poug
hkee
psie
, NY
Bru
ce R
icha
rdso
n, H
aley
Hou
se, B
osto
n, M
A
Tom
Rom
eo, U
nive
rsity
of
Rho
de I
slan
d
Noe
l Sco
tt, H
aley
Hou
se, B
osto
n M
A
Mik
e Sh
ield
s, N
ew H
amps
hire
Div
isio
n of
MH
/DD
Serv
ices
Bob
Tuc
ker,
Rub
y R
oger
Adv
ocac
y &
Dro
p-In
Cen
ter,
Cam
brid
ge, M
A
Mar
gare
t Van
Gel
der,
Ins
titut
e fo
r C
omm
unity
Incl
usio
n, C
hild
ren'
s H
ospi
tal,
Bos
ton,
MA
Jacq
uely
n V
icto
ria,
Ind
epen
dent
Liv
ing,
Inc
.,B
aton
Rou
ge, L
A
Lar
ry W
ard,
Cam
brid
ge, M
A
WO
RK
SHO
P L
EA
DE
RS
Mar
iann
e T
aylo
r, H
uman
Ser
vice
s R
esea
rch
Inst
itute
Val
erie
Bra
dley
, Hum
an S
ervi
ces
Res
earc
h In
stitu
te
Ral
ph W
arre
n, H
uman
Ser
vice
s R
esea
rch
Inst
itute
Judi
th L
eff,
Edu
catio
n D
evel
opm
ent C
ente
r
Joyc
e M
alyn
-Sm
ith, E
duca
tion
Dev
elop
men
t Cen
ter
And
rea
Perr
ault,
Edu
catio
n D
evel
opm
ent C
ente
r
1.59
page
75
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
AP
PE
ND
IX C
:
Dir
ect S
uppo
rt W
ork:
Val
ues
& V
isio
n
The
pri
ncip
les
that
fol
low
are
dir
ecte
d to
the
qual
ities
that
com
mun
ity-b
ased
sup
port
wor
kers
shou
ld b
ring
to th
eir
jobs
. The
y re
flec
t the
atti
tude
sto
war
d th
e pa
rtic
ipan
ts th
ey s
erve
, the
ir o
wn
heal
than
d w
ell-
bein
g, a
nd to
thei
r vo
catio
n. H
owev
er,
thes
e qu
aliti
es m
ust b
e nu
rtur
ed w
ithin
an
orga
niza
tion
that
als
o sh
ares
thes
e va
lues
and
who
se m
issi
on r
efle
cts
thes
e as
pira
tions
. To
trul
y
fost
er a
res
pons
ive
wor
kfor
ce, o
rgan
izat
ions
mus
tno
t onl
y es
pous
e th
ese
valu
es b
ut e
mbo
dy th
e va
lues
in d
aily
pra
ctic
e.
VA
LUIN
G O
TH
ER
S
1. C
SHSP
's a
ffir
m a
com
mon
hum
anity
with
the
peop
le th
ey s
uppo
rt a
nd r
ecog
nize
that
they
sha
resi
mila
r as
pira
tions
incl
udin
g a
hom
e, jo
b, f
rien
ds a
ndre
latio
nshi
ps a
nd c
omm
unity
invo
lvem
ent.
2. C
SHSP
's b
elie
ve th
at th
eir
role
is to
list
en to
part
icip
ants
, to
supp
ort t
hem
to a
chie
ve th
eir
own
goal
s, to
pro
vide
them
with
nec
essa
ry in
form
atio
n,an
d to
adv
ocat
e fo
r a
plan
ning
pro
cess
that
ispa
rtic
ipan
t foc
used
.
3. C
SHSP
's u
nder
stan
d th
at th
eir
prim
ary
role
is to
bols
ter
the
part
icip
ant's
nat
ural
sup
port
s, a
nd th
at
1E0
page
76
soci
al s
ervi
ce s
olut
ions
sho
uld
be e
mpl
oyed
whe
nna
tura
l sup
port
s ar
e no
t ava
ilabl
e or
are
inad
equa
te.
4. C
SHSP
's r
ecog
nize
the
impo
rtan
ce o
fre
latio
nshi
ps in
the
lives
of
part
icip
ants
and
wor
kw
ith p
artic
ipan
ts to
est
ablis
h su
ch r
elat
ions
hips
and
to f
acili
tate
incl
usio
n.
5. C
SHSP
's r
ecog
nize
that
goo
d co
mm
unic
atio
n is
vita
l to
deve
lopi
ng r
elat
ions
hips
with
par
ticip
ants
.
6. C
SHSP
's s
how
thei
r re
spec
t for
par
ticip
ants
by
bein
g fr
ank
and
dire
ct in
thei
r co
mm
unic
atio
n.
7. C
SHSP
's b
elie
ve th
at s
impl
e ac
ts o
f fr
iend
ship
are
impo
rtan
t.
VA
LUIN
G S
ELF
1. C
SHSP
's r
espe
ct th
emse
lves
, the
par
ticip
ants
who
m th
ey s
uppo
rt, a
nd th
e he
lpin
g pr
oces
s.
2. C
SHSP
's u
nder
stan
d th
e im
port
ance
of
thin
king
inde
pend
ently
and
take
tim
e fo
r re
flec
tion
and
rene
wal
.
3. C
SHSP
's b
elie
ve th
at it
is im
port
ant t
o ta
ke c
are
ofth
eir
own
phys
ical
and
em
otio
nal w
ell-
bein
g in
ord
erto
fun
ctio
n in
a h
ealth
y an
d re
spon
sive
fas
hion
.
4. C
SHSP
's r
ecog
nize
that
sel
f-m
anag
emen
t ski
lls,
incl
udin
g tim
e m
anag
emen
t, ar
e im
port
ant t
o
1.61
mai
ntai
ning
a f
ulfi
lling
and
gra
tifyi
ng w
ork
life
and
supp
ortin
g th
e pe
rson
al g
row
th, g
ifts
and
cap
abili
ties
of p
artic
ipan
ts.
5. C
SHSP
's d
evel
op a
hea
lthy
sens
e of
thei
r ow
nw
orth
and
pot
entia
l and
are
ther
efor
e ab
le to
pro
vide
a co
nfid
ent e
xam
ple
to o
ther
s.
6. C
SHSP
's b
elie
ve in
the
valu
e of
con
tinue
ded
ucat
ion
and
deve
lopm
ent a
nd s
eek
out i
nfor
mat
ion
on c
hang
es in
the
stat
e-of
-the
-art
.
7. C
SHSP
's u
nder
stan
d th
at th
eir
wor
k ha
s an
hist
oric
al c
onte
xt a
nd s
ee th
emse
lves
as
part
of
anev
olvi
ng s
uppo
rt d
eliv
ery
syst
em.
8. C
SHSP
's a
re a
war
e of
thei
r lim
itatio
ns a
nd s
eek
help
fro
m o
ther
s w
hen
they
nee
d to
.
VA
LUIN
G H
ELP
ING
1. C
SH
SP
's b
elie
ve in
the
impo
rtan
ce o
f com
pass
ion,
empa
thy,
car
ing,
com
mitm
ent,
and
coop
erat
ion.
2. C
SHSP
's u
nder
stan
d th
e im
port
ance
of
colla
bora
tion
with
co-
wor
kers
and
col
leag
ues
from
othe
r ag
enci
es a
nd in
vite
coo
pera
tion
acro
ssor
gani
zatio
nal b
ound
arie
s.
3. C
SHSP
's r
ecog
nize
that
the
adm
inis
trat
ive
prio
ritie
s of
hum
an s
ervi
ce o
rgan
izat
ions
som
etim
es
1,62
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
conf
lict w
ith p
rovi
ding
indi
vidu
aliz
ed s
uppo
rt a
ndfi
nd w
ays
to e
mph
asiz
e th
e su
ppor
t pri
oriti
esw
hene
ver
poss
ible
.
4. C
SHSP
's u
nder
stan
d th
at th
eir
wor
k re
quir
escr
eativ
ity a
s w
ell k
now
ledg
e an
d sk
ills,
and
fin
dcr
eativ
e w
ays
to e
xpre
ss th
e na
ture
of
thei
r w
ork
(kee
ping
jour
nals
, sha
ring
sto
ries
etc
).
5. C
SHSP
's ta
ke ti
me
to c
eleb
rate
the
succ
esse
s in
thei
r w
ork
with
thei
r co
lleag
ues
and
indi
vidu
alpa
rtic
ipan
ts.
6. C
SHSP
's r
ecog
nize
the
impo
rtan
ce o
f an
eth
ical
and
prin
cipl
e-ce
nter
ed b
asis
for
dec
isio
n-m
akin
g an
dse
e th
emse
lves
as
a ca
taly
st f
or p
artic
ipan
t gro
wth
.
7. C
SHSP
's u
nder
stan
d ho
w to
bal
ance
apa
rtic
ipan
t's in
divi
dual
nee
ds w
ith th
e re
stri
ctio
nsim
pose
d by
reg
ulat
ions
and
for
mal
rul
es.
8. C
SHSP
's r
ealiz
e th
at to
be
succ
essf
ul th
ey m
ust
hone
thei
r an
alyt
ic a
nd p
robl
em s
olvi
ng s
kills
inor
der
to r
espo
nd e
ffec
tivel
y to
a r
ange
of
uniq
uesi
tuat
ions
.
9. C
SHSP
's s
ee th
e ac
t of
help
ing
as a
n en
d in
itse
lfan
d do
n't r
ely
on e
xtri
nsic
rew
ards
suc
h as
gra
titud
ean
d pr
aise
for
job
satis
fact
ion.
1.63
page
77
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
AP
PE
ND
IX D
:
Kno
wle
dge
and
Attr
ibut
es R
elat
ed to
Eff
ectiv
e C
omm
unity
-Bas
ed S
uppo
rt W
ork
IND
US
TR
Y R
ELA
TE
D K
NO
WLE
DG
E:
PS
YC
HO
LOG
Y/B
EH
AV
IOR
AL
SC
IEN
CE
SM
ED
ICA
L/H
EA
LTH
Abn
orm
al p
sych
olog
yB
asic
hea
lth a
nd p
harm
acol
ogy
Ass
essm
ent t
echn
ique
sC
omm
unic
able
dis
ease
s
Beh
avio
ral i
nter
vent
ion
and
supp
ort
Nut
ritio
n
Gen
eral
psy
chol
ogy
Phys
iolo
gy a
nd a
nato
my
Gro
up d
ynam
ics
(lar
ge/s
mal
l)U
nive
rsal
saf
ety
prec
autio
ns
Hum
an d
evel
opm
ent
Phys
ical
fitn
ess
Suic
ide
prev
entio
nG
eria
tric
s
Fam
ily d
ynam
ics
Phys
ical
ass
ista
nce
tech
niqu
es
Lea
rnin
g st
yles
and
inst
ruct
iona
lm
etho
ds
Tea
m b
uild
ing
met
hods
Add
ictio
ns
16
page
78
165
DIS
AB
ILIT
IES
/HU
MA
N S
ER
VIC
ES
His
tory
of
hum
an s
ervi
ce
Org
aniz
atio
n of
hum
an s
ervi
ce
Philo
soph
ical
con
text
of
hum
an s
ervi
ces
deliv
ery
Hum
an s
ervi
ce a
nd c
ultu
ral d
iver
sity
issu
es
Fede
ral a
nd s
tate
hum
an s
ervi
ce la
ws
and
regu
latio
ns
Hum
an a
nd c
ivil
righ
ts o
f hu
man
ser
vice
spa
rtic
ipan
ts
Etio
logy
of
spec
ific
dis
abili
ties
Infl
uenc
e of
soc
ial a
nd c
ultu
ral v
alue
s on
hum
anse
rvic
e pr
actic
e
Obs
tacl
es th
at h
uman
ser
vice
par
ticip
ants
fac
e in
soci
ety
Ada
ptiv
e eq
uipm
ent a
nd a
ssis
ted
com
mun
icat
ion
Am
eric
an s
ign
lang
uage
(A
SL)
ON
-TH
E J
OB
Aw
aren
ess
of b
asic
tech
nica
l ter
ms
Kno
wle
dge
of lo
cal c
omm
unity
& o
ther
res
ourc
es
Age
ncy
polic
ies
and
proc
edur
es
Stat
e an
d lo
cal s
ocia
l ser
vice
s sy
stem
str
uctu
re
1.6
6
AT
TR
IBU
TE
S:
Ass
ertiv
e
Bal
ance
d
Cal
m
Car
ing
and
Sens
itive
Col
labo
rativ
e
Com
mitt
ed
Com
mon
sen
se
Com
mun
icat
ive
Con
scie
ntio
usne
ss
Con
sist
ent
Coo
pera
tive
Cre
ativ
e
Dep
enda
ble
Det
erm
ined
Dip
lom
atic
Em
path
etic
Enc
oura
ging
Ent
husi
astic
Eth
ical
Flex
ible
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
Forg
ivin
g
Frie
ndly
Goo
d se
nse
of s
elf
Hon
est
Insi
ghtf
ul
Show
s in
itiat
ive
Inte
llige
nt
Mat
ure
Mod
est
Non
-mat
eria
listic
Obj
ectiv
e
Org
aniz
ed
Patie
nt
Posi
tive
Prof
essi
onal
Punc
tual
Res
ourc
eful
Res
pect
ful
Sinc
ere
1.6
7pa
ge 7
9
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
page
80
AP
PE
ND
IX E
:
Hum
an S
ervi
ce E
duca
tion
Surv
ey R
esul
ts
The
Hum
an S
ervi
ces
Res
earc
h In
stitu
te, w
ithas
sist
ance
fro
m th
e C
ounc
il fo
r St
anda
rds
inH
uman
Ser
vice
Edu
catio
n an
d ot
her
Tec
hnic
alC
omm
ittee
mem
bers
, con
duct
ed a
sur
vey
of h
uman
serv
ice
prog
ram
s th
roug
hout
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es.
Surv
eys
wer
e se
nt o
ut in
Nov
embe
r 19
94, a
nd a
gain
in A
pril
1995
to 6
22 c
olle
ges
and
univ
ersi
ties
with
degr
ee o
r ce
rtif
icat
e pr
ogra
ms
in h
uman
ser
vice
. We
rece
ived
usa
ble
surv
eys
from
131
of
thes
e ed
ucat
ion
prog
ram
s. W
e re
port
on
the
mai
n fi
ndin
gs o
f th
e
surv
ey b
elow
.
Deg
ree
Typ
e:
It w
as im
port
ant t
o lo
ok a
t the
type
of
degr
ee a
war
d-ed
. Onl
y th
ose
prog
ram
s aw
ardi
ng a
n as
soci
ate
orba
ccal
aure
ate
degr
ee a
long
with
oth
er d
egre
es/
cert
ific
ates
wer
e in
clud
ed a
s th
ese
prog
ram
s ar
e m
ore
likel
y to
pro
vide
trai
ning
for
ent
ry-l
evel
hum
an s
er-
vice
wor
kers
. Of
the
prog
ram
s su
rvey
ed, 7
2% a
war
ded
asso
ciat
e de
gree
s, 3
0% a
war
ded
bacc
alau
reat
ede
gree
s, 3
0% a
war
ded
cert
ific
ates
, 5%
aw
arde
d gr
adu-
ate
degr
ees
and
12%
aw
arde
d ot
her
degr
ees.
The
sepe
rcen
tage
s ar
e ba
sed
on a
dup
licat
ed c
ount
of
pro-
gram
res
pond
ents
.
168
Num
ber
of G
radu
ates
:
To
bette
r as
sess
tren
ds in
hum
an s
ervi
ce e
duca
tion,
we
look
ed a
t num
ber
of g
radu
ates
for
two
subs
eque
ntye
ars.
A s
mal
l inc
reas
e w
as n
oted
fro
m a
n av
erag
enu
mbe
r of
24
grad
uate
s pe
r pr
ogra
m in
199
2, to
29
in 1
993.
Acc
redi
tatio
n:
The
Cou
ncil
for
Stan
dard
s in
Hum
an S
ervi
ceE
duca
tion
is a
maj
or a
ccre
ditin
g bo
dy, a
nd a
s su
ch,
we
wis
hed
to s
ee h
ow m
any
hum
an s
ervi
ce p
rogr
ams
took
adv
anta
ge o
f th
is a
lrea
dy a
vaila
ble
reso
urce
.T
wel
ve p
erce
nt o
f th
e pr
ogra
ms
wer
e ac
cred
ited
byth
e C
ounc
il fo
r St
anda
rds
in H
uman
ser
vice
Edu
catio
n.
Fie
ld P
lace
men
t Req
uire
men
ts:
Fiel
d pl
acem
ent i
s of
ten
a re
quir
emen
t of
man
yhu
man
ser
vice
pro
gram
s in
add
ition
to c
ours
e w
ork.
In lo
okin
g at
this
req
uire
men
t, w
e fo
und
that
the
mea
n nu
mbe
r of
hou
rs r
equi
red
in f
ield
pla
cem
ent
was
43
hour
s fo
r ce
rtif
icat
e pr
ogra
ms,
233
hou
rs f
oras
soci
ate
degr
ee p
rogr
ams,
and
180
hou
rs f
orba
ccal
aure
ate
degr
ee p
rogr
ams.
1_69
Pro
gram
s B
ased
on
Cor
eC
ompe
tenc
ies
vs. C
ore
Cou
rses
:
Prog
ram
s m
ay b
e ba
sed
on c
ompe
tenc
ies
or c
ours
es.
The
res
ults
indi
cate
that
mos
t pro
gram
s ut
ilize
bot
hth
ese
met
hods
. Nin
ety-
seve
n pe
rcen
t of
the
prog
ram
sre
spon
ded
they
bas
ed th
eir
prog
ram
s on
cor
e co
urse
san
d si
xty-
four
per
cent
of
the
prog
ram
s re
spon
ded
that
thei
r pr
ogra
ms
wer
e ba
sed
on c
ore
com
pete
ncie
s. A
lthou
gh n
ot d
iscu
ssed
her
e, th
ere
wer
e so
me
diff
eren
ces
foun
d in
pro
gram
s th
at w
ere
base
d on
cor
e co
mpe
tenc
ies
as o
ppos
ed to
cor
eco
urse
s.
Des
crip
tion
of C
ore
Com
pete
ncie
sor
Cor
e C
ours
es:
Cor
e co
mpe
tenc
ies
or c
ore
cour
ses
wer
e de
scri
bed
ina
cour
se c
atal
og b
y 79
% o
f th
e pr
ogra
ms,
in a
pro
gram
man
ual b
y 27
% o
f th
e pr
ogra
ms,
and
in a
sel
f st
udy
repo
rt f
or a
ccre
dita
tion
purp
oses
by
20%
of
the
prog
ram
s.
Cur
ricul
um D
evel
opm
ent:
It w
as a
lso
impo
rtan
t to
look
at w
hat t
ypes
of
stan
dard
s hu
man
ser
vice
pro
gram
s m
ay h
ave
used
toin
form
thei
r cu
rric
ulum
dev
elop
men
t. Si
xty-
thre
epe
rcen
t of
the
prog
ram
s re
spon
ded
that
they
use
d a
defi
ned
set o
f ac
adem
ic o
r in
dust
ry s
kill
stan
dard
s to
deve
lop
thei
r cu
rric
ulum
. 29%
use
d st
anda
rds
from
the
Cou
ncil
for
Stan
dard
s in
Hum
an S
ervi
ceE
duca
tion,
15%
use
d st
anda
rds
from
the
Nat
iona
lA
ssoc
iatio
n of
Dru
g A
buse
Cou
nsel
ors,
and
47%
use
da
vari
ety
of o
ther
sta
ndar
ds.
t70
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
Ass
essm
ent:
The
ass
essm
ent a
nd e
valu
atio
n of
stu
dent
perf
orm
ance
in h
uman
ser
vice
edu
catio
n pr
ogra
ms
occu
rs in
sev
eral
dif
fere
nt c
onte
xts
and
it w
asim
port
ant t
o lo
ok a
t wha
t met
hods
pro
gram
s ar
ecu
rren
tly u
sing
to a
sses
s th
eir
stud
ents
. The
fol
low
ing
tabl
es il
lust
rate
the
tren
ds w
e di
socv
ered
.
ST
RA
TE
GIE
S U
SE
D IN
TH
E A
SS
ES
SM
EN
TO
F L
EA
RN
ER
CO
MP
ET
EN
CY
AS
SE
SS
ME
NT
ST
RA
TE
GY
% P
RO
GR
AM
S U
SIN
G
SP
EC
IFIC
ST
RA
TE
GIE
S
Dire
ct O
bser
vatio
n51
%
Cla
ssro
om E
xam
41%
Pra
ctic
um S
uper
visi
on39
%
Jour
nal/L
og23
%
Por
tfolio
13%
Com
preh
ensi
ve E
xam
Link
ed to
Cer
tific
atio
n8%
Oth
er6%
171
page
81
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
ST
RA
TE
GIE
S U
SE
D IN
TH
E A
SS
ES
SM
EN
TO
F M
AS
TE
RY
OF
CO
UR
SE
WO
RK
AS
SE
SS
ME
NT
ST
RA
TE
GY
PR
OG
RA
MS
US
ING
SP
EC
IFIC
ST
RA
TE
GIE
S
Cla
ssro
om E
xam
91%
Dire
ct O
bser
vatio
n70
%
Jour
nal/L
og43
%
Vid
e.°
34%
Pra
ctic
um S
uper
viso
r21
%
Por
tfolio
18%
Com
preh
ensi
ve E
xam
Link
ed to
Cer
tific
atio
n14
%
Oth
er7%
ST
RA
TE
GIE
S U
SE
D IN
TH
E A
SS
ES
SM
EN
TO
F F
IELD
WO
RK
AS
SE
SS
ME
NT
ST
RA
TE
GY
% P
RO
GR
AM
S U
SIN
G
SP
EC
IFIC
ST
RA
TE
GIE
S
Pra
ctic
um S
uper
viso
rs87
%
Jour
nal/L
og73
%
Dire
ct O
bser
vatio
n70
%
Por
tfolio
18%
Cla
ssro
om E
xam
11%
Com
preh
ensi
ve E
xam
Link
ed to
Cer
tific
atio
n6%
Vid
eo3%
page
82
172
Oth
er C
ertif
icat
ion:
Alo
ng w
ith d
egre
es c
onfe
rred
, pro
gram
s of
ten
qual
ifie
d th
eir
stud
ents
for
oth
er c
ertif
icat
ion.
15%
of
the
prog
ram
s qu
alif
ied
thei
r st
uden
ts f
or c
ertif
icat
ion
in C
PR, 3
% q
ualif
ied
thei
r st
uden
ts f
or c
ertif
icat
ion
topa
ss m
edic
atio
n, 2
9% q
ualif
ied
thei
r st
uden
ts f
orsu
bsta
nce
abus
e ce
rtif
icat
ion,
5%
qua
lifie
d th
eir
stud
ents
for
men
tal h
ealth
cou
nsel
or li
cens
ure,
11%
qual
ifie
d th
eir
stud
ents
for
soc
ial w
ork
licen
sure
, and
24%
qua
lifie
d th
eir
stud
ents
for
oth
erce
rtif
icat
ion/
licen
sure
Cre
dit f
or W
ork/
Life
Exp
erie
nce:
It h
as lo
ng b
een
reco
gniz
ed th
at s
kills
and
kno
wle
dge
can
be g
aine
d in
way
s ot
her
than
by
trad
ition
alcl
assr
oom
lear
ning
. Man
y sc
hool
s an
d un
iver
sitie
s ar
ebe
ginn
ing
to r
ecog
nize
this
and
sur
vey
resu
ltsin
dica
te th
at 4
1% o
f th
e hu
man
ser
vice
edu
catio
npr
ogra
ms
surv
eyed
gav
e st
uden
ts c
redi
t for
com
pete
ncie
s de
velo
ped
thro
ugh
prev
ious
wor
k or
life
expe
rien
ce.
Res
pons
iven
ess
of C
urric
ulum
:
It is
impo
rtan
t to
ensu
re th
at p
rogr
ams
have
the
capa
bilit
y to
pre
pare
stu
dent
s to
be
cont
ribu
ting
part
ners
in th
eir
com
mun
ity a
nd h
elp
to m
eet
com
mun
ity n
eeds
. If,
and
how
this
is d
one
will
aff
ect
the
vita
lity
and
surv
ival
of
thes
e pr
ogra
ms.
It w
asfo
und
that
67%
of
the
prog
ram
s ut
ilize
an
advi
sory
boar
d, 7
9% u
tiliz
e a
fiel
d pl
acem
ent e
valu
atio
n, 4
7%ut
ilize
a s
urve
y of
com
mun
ity n
eeds
and
res
ourc
es,
5% u
tiliz
e a
focu
s gr
oup,
34%
util
ize
a su
rvey
of
hum
an s
ervi
ce p
rovi
ders
, and
26%
util
ize
othe
rm
eans
.
173
Com
pute
r ca
pabi
litie
s:
HSR
I ho
pes
to in
the
futu
re d
evel
op c
urri
culu
mm
ater
ials
on
disk
. As
a re
sult,
it w
as im
port
ant t
okn
ow h
ow m
any
prog
ram
s cu
rren
tly h
ave
the
capa
city
to u
se s
uch
curr
icul
um. I
t was
fou
nd 6
1% o
fth
e pr
ogra
ms
have
DO
S ca
pabi
litie
s, 5
0% o
f th
epr
ogra
ms
have
WIN
DO
WS,
32%
of
the
prog
ram
s ha
veM
acin
tosh
,
20%
of
the
prog
ram
s ha
ve C
D-R
OM
, and
43%
of
the
prog
ram
s ha
ve c
apac
ity f
or te
leco
mm
unic
atio
ns w
itha
mod
em. A
noth
er 1
2% w
ill g
et th
is c
apac
ity w
ithin
the
next
yea
r. 4
1% o
f th
e pr
ogra
ms
are
curr
ently
conn
ecte
d to
the
Inte
rnet
and
ano
ther
21%
will
get
this
cap
acity
with
in th
e ne
xt y
ear.
174
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and.
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
T75
page
83
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
AP
PE
ND
IX F
:
Skill
Sta
ndar
d Im
plem
enta
tion
Dem
onst
ratio
n Si
tes
1.W
ILLI
AM
EB
EN
ST
EIN
(Site
Coo
dina
tor)
CO
NS
OR
TIU
M F
OR
TH
E S
TU
DY
OF
DIS
AB
ILIT
IES
CIT
Y U
NIV
ER
SIT
Y O
F N
EW
YO
RK
535
EA
ST
80T
H S
TR
EE
T
NE
W Y
OR
K, N
Y 1
0021
PH
ON
E: (
212)
794
-548
6
FA
X: (
212)
794
- 57
06
2.JA
CQ
UE
LIN
E G
RIS
WO
LD
(Site
Coo
rdin
ator
)H
EA
LTH
AN
D H
UM
AN
SE
RV
ICE
S
NH
TE
CH
NIC
AL
CO
LLE
GE
2020
RIV
ER
SID
E D
RIV
E
BE
RLI
N, N
H 0
3570
PH
ON
E: (
603)
752
-111
3
FA
X: (
603)
752
-633
5
E-m
ail:
j-gris
wo@
tec.
nh.u
s
176
page
84
3. A
MY
HE
WIT
T
(Site
Coo
rdin
ator
)C
EN
TE
R O
N R
ES
IDE
NT
IAL
SE
RV
ICE
S &
CO
MM
UN
ITY
LIV
ING
CO
LLE
GE
OF
ED
UC
AT
ION
UN
IVE
RS
ITY
OF
MIN
NE
SO
TA
107
PA
TT
EE
HA
LL
150
PIL
LSB
UR
Y D
RIV
E, S
E
MIN
NE
AP
OLI
S, M
N 5
5455
-022
3
PH
ON
E: (
612)
625
-109
8
FA
X: (
612)
625
-661
9
hew
it005
@m
aroo
n.um
.edu
4. A
NN
RO
MA
NO
(Site
Coo
rdin
ator
)LO
WE
LL M
AS
SA
CH
US
ET
TS
SC
HO
OL-
TO
- W
OR
K
LOC
AL
PA
RT
NE
RS
HIP
AT
TY
NG
SB
OR
OU
GH
HIG
H S
CH
OO
L
MID
DLE
SE
X C
OM
MU
NIT
Y C
OLL
EG
E
10 K
EA
RN
EY
SQ
UA
RE
LOW
ELL
, MA
018
52
PH
ON
E: (
508)
656
-315
5
FA
X: (
508)
656
-315
0
177
Ref
eren
ces
Bea
r, P
rops
t and
Mal
amud
. (19
82).
The
Fou
ntai
n H
ouse
Mod
el o
f Ps
ychi
atri
c R
ehab
ilita
tion.
Psy
chos
ocia
l Reh
abili
-ta
tion
Jour
nal,
5(1)
, 47-
53.
Bow
en, J
. N. (
1994
). T
he P
ower
of
Self
-Adv
ocac
y: M
akin
gT
hund
er. I
n B
radl
ey, A
shba
ugh,
and
Bla
ney
(Eds
.), C
reat
-in
g In
divi
dual
Sup
port
s fo
r Pe
ople
with
Dev
elop
men
tal
Dis
abili
ties:
A M
anda
te f
or C
hang
e at
Man
y L
evel
s (p
.33
6). B
altim
ore,
MD
: Bro
oks
Publ
ishi
ng.
Bra
dley
, V. J
., A
shba
ugh,
J. W
. and
Bla
ney,
B. (
1994
). C
re-
atin
g In
divi
dual
Sup
port
s fo
r Pe
ople
with
Dev
elop
men
tal
Dis
abili
ties:
A M
anda
te f
or C
hang
e at
Man
y L
evel
s (p
.26
8). B
altim
ore,
MD
: Bro
okes
Pub
lishi
ng.
Cal
cula
tor,
S. N
. (19
95).
Com
mun
icat
ion
Scie
nces
. In
Kan
n an
d G
reen
span
(E
ds.)
, Com
mun
ity R
ehab
ilita
tion
Serv
ices
for
Peo
ple
with
Dis
abili
ties
(p. 2
79).
Bos
ton:
But
terw
orth
-Hei
nem
ann.
Car
neva
le, A
. and
Por
ro, J
. (19
94).
Qua
lity
Edu
catio
n:Sc
hool
Ref
orm
for
the
New
Am
eric
an E
cono
my.
Ale
xan-
dria
: Am
eric
an S
ocie
ty f
or T
rain
ing
and
Dev
elop
men
t.
Cha
mbe
rlin
, J. (
1984
). S
peak
ing
For
Our
selv
es: A
nO
verv
iew
of
the
Ex-
Psyc
hiat
ric
Inm
ates
Mov
emen
t. Ps
y-ch
osoc
ial R
ehab
ilita
tion
Jour
nal,
15(3
), 3
-19.
Chi
ldre
n's
Def
ense
Fun
d. (
1992
). H
elpi
ng C
hild
ren
bySt
reng
then
ing
Fam
ilies
: A L
ook
at F
amily
Sup
port
Pro
-gr
ams.
Was
hing
ton,
DC
: a K
ansa
s C
ity p
aren
t edu
cato
r.
Coc
hran
, M. (
1990
). T
he T
rans
form
ing
Rol
e. N
etw
orki
ngB
ulle
tin, 1
(3),
25.
DA
CU
M. (
1990
). E
duca
tiona
l Com
pone
nts
of th
e D
AC
UM
Occ
upat
iona
l Ana
lysi
s. C
hica
go: T
he A
mer
ican
Ass
ocia
-tio
n of
Med
ical
Ass
ista
nts.
178
Too
ls fo
r M
anag
ing
Cha
nge
and
Ach
ievi
ng O
utco
mes
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
ealth
and
Hum
an S
ervi
ces,
Ste
erin
g C
om-
mitt
ee o
n th
e C
hron
ical
ly M
enta
lly I
ll. (
1980
). T
owar
d a
Nat
iona
l Pla
n fo
r th
e C
hron
ical
ly M
enta
lly I
ll. W
ashi
ng-
ton,
D.C
.: Pu
blic
Hea
lth S
ervi
ce, U
.S. D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lthan
d H
uman
Ser
vice
s.
Ebe
nste
in, W
. and
Goo
ier,
L. (
1994
). C
ultu
ral D
iver
sity
and
Dev
elop
men
tal D
isab
ilitie
s W
orkf
orce
Iss
ues.
New
Yor
k: T
he C
ity U
nive
rsity
of
New
Yor
k C
onso
rtiu
m f
or T
heSt
udy
of D
isab
ilitie
s.
Gan
zgla
ss, E
. and
Sim
on, M
. (19
95).
Ski
ll St
anda
rds:
AT
ool f
or S
tate
Wor
kfor
ce D
evel
opm
ent S
yste
m R
efor
m.
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.: N
atio
nal G
over
nor's
Ass
ocia
tion.
Gar
dner
, D. P
. et.
al. (
1983
). A
Nat
ion
at R
isk:
The
Im
per-
ativ
e fo
r E
duca
tion
Ref
orm
. Rep
ort o
f th
e N
atio
nal C
om-
mis
sion
on
Exc
elle
nce
in E
duca
tion.
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.:U
.S. G
over
nmen
t Pri
ntin
g O
ffic
e.
Jack
son,
S. (
1991
, Fal
l). N
ew J
erse
y A
ssoc
iatio
n of
Com
-m
unity
Pro
vide
rs, "
Net
wor
k" N
ewsl
ette
r.
Kai
ser,
A. P
. and
McW
hort
er, C
. M. (
1990
). P
repa
ring
Per
-so
nnel
To
Wor
k W
ith P
erso
ns w
ith S
ever
e D
isab
ilitie
s (p
.5)
. Bal
timor
e, M
D: B
rook
es P
ublis
hing
.
Kilb
orn,
P.T
. (19
94, A
ugus
t 30)
. Hom
e H
ealth
Car
e is
Gai
ning
App
eal:
Prov
idin
g N
ew J
obs
for
Wor
kers
and
Com
-fo
rt to
Pat
ient
s. N
ew Y
ork
Tim
es.
Kir
acof
e, J
. (19
94).
Cre
atin
g In
divi
dual
Sup
port
s fo
rPe
ople
with
Dev
elop
men
tal D
isab
ilitie
s: A
Man
date
for
Cha
nge
at M
any
Lev
els
(p. 2
87).
Bal
timor
e, M
D: B
rook
esPu
blis
hing
.
Kno
ll, J
. A. a
nd R
acin
o, J
. A. (
1994
). F
ield
in S
earc
h of
aH
ome.
In
Bra
dley
, V. J
., A
shba
ugh,
J. W
. and
Bla
ney,
B. C
.(E
ds.)
, Cre
atin
g In
divi
dual
ized
Sup
port
s fo
r Pe
ople
with
Dev
elop
men
tal D
isab
ilitie
s: A
Man
date
for
Cha
nge
atM
any
Lev
els.
Bal
timor
e: P
aul B
rook
es P
ublis
hing
.
BE
ST
CO
PY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
1 79
page
85
The
Com
mun
ity S
uppo
rt S
kill
Sta
ndar
ds
page
86
Lak
in, K
.C. (
1987
). A
Rat
iona
le a
nd P
roje
cted
Nee
d fo
rU
nive
rsity
Aff
iliat
ed F
acili
ty I
nvol
vem
ent i
n th
e T
rain
ing
of P
arap
rofe
ssio
nals
for
Dir
ect-
Car
e R
oles
for
Per
sons
with
Dev
elop
men
tal D
isab
ilitie
s. P
aper
pre
sent
ed f
or th
eA
mer
ican
Ass
ocia
tion
of U
nive
rsity
Aff
iliat
ed P
rogr
ams
toth
e C
onso
rtiu
m f
or C
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HSR
IH
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2336
Mas
sach
uset
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venu
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Cam
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ge, M
assa
chus
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021
40
617-
876-
0426
182
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ST
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PY
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AfL
AB
LE
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