ecotricity presentation
TRANSCRIPT
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Why do I need to be concerned
about global energy problems?
The use and cost of energy affects each of us every day of our
lives. Many issues arise from the use of energy:
greenhouse gas emissions
acid rain
climate change
dependency on depleting supplies of fossil fuels
Answer
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ENERGY DATA
INDIA Generation capacity (MW) Percentage (%)
COAL 68,434 55.5
NATURAL GAS 12,430 10.0
OIL 1,201 0.9
HYDRO 32,135 26.0
NUCLEAR 3,310 2.7
OTHER 6,158 4.9
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Electricity consumption in India has shown
consistent growth in recent years.
Access to electricity supplies in rural areas of India is still relatively
low, with 74% of villages (439,000 of the Indian total 594,000)
having electricity
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Population Urbanization
Electrification
Population Urbanization
Electrification
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INDIAN POWER SECTOR
Demand Growth Outstrips Supply
Village Electrification Not Complete
Infrastructure Development weak
Very High Electricity Losses
Unmetered Power for Farmers Financial Impact on Utilities
Distribution Reforms
Long Term Growth Plans
Transmission Expansion
Private Investment in Power Sector
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Electricity related pollution that is
being produced around the world
� The world produced a combined 19,020,000 gigawatt hours of electricity in 2007.
� Power stations produce nearly 10 billion tons of CO 2 per year and are the planet's
most concentrated source of greenhouse gases.
� Global CO2 emissions in 2004 were 27,245,758 thousand metric tons.
� In 2007, global emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) from fossil fuel use and cement
production increased by 3.1%
India
� In 2007 India had a net energy production of 665,300,000,000 kilowatt hours.
� In 2004 India produced 1.34 billion metric tons of CO2.
� India's population is 1.21 billion as of 2011.
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Effects of CO2
emission:
� Sea level rise
� Impacts on agriculture
� Reduction of the ozone layer
� Increased extreme weather
� Spread of diseases
� Ecosystem change
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What is ECOTRICITY ?how it is related to climate change and energy
conservation?
ECOTRICITY is an energy efficient city, which facilitate deployment of energy
efficient buildings, transport, and energy supply technologies in city design,
by developing quantifiable, system-level models that assess their feasibility
and implementation in the wider context of socio-economic, physical, andregulatory characteristics of the city.
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ECOTRICITY Initiative:
� City planning and design
� Buildings
� Transport
� Energy supply
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CITY PLANNING AND DESIGN
Climate-Sensitive Urban Design and Architecture
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Solar Park
� Commercial Solar power plants with
with a focus built in urban area
� Solar parks uses thin-film
photovoltaic (PV) power system.
� Photovoltaic (PV) technology converts
one form of energy (sunlight) into another
form of energy (electricity)using nomoving parts, consuming no
conventional fossil fuels, creating no
pollution, and lasting for decades with
very little maintenance.
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Solar Tree
� The Solar Tree has (PV) solar panels arrayed at the top of its branches to
generate energy from the sun.
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Solar Street
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PV Panels
� PV materials are categorized as either crystalline or thin film, and they are judged on
two basic factors: efficiency and economics.
� PV panels tend to work much better in cold weather than in hot climates .
� Array currents up to 20% greater than the specified output.
� T hin-film technologies include amorphous silicon, cadmium telluride, copper-indium
diselenide, and others.
� the cost of these panels appears attractive at first, it is important to note that the
efficiencies are comparatively low.
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BUILDINGS
Skyscrapers equipped
with wind power turbines
� The two towers are linked via three sky bridges, each holding a 225KW wind turbine, totaling to
675kW of wind power production
� The sail-shaped buildings on either side are designed to funnel wind through the gap to provideaccelerated wind passing through the turbines.
� The wind turbines are expected to provide 11% to 15% of the towers' total power consumption, or
approximately 1.1 to 1.3 GWh a year.
� They are expected to operate 50% of the time on an average day.
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Dynamic Skyscraper
� Dynamic Architecture¶s wind powered rotating skyscraper.
� The main idea behind their concept involves a central concrete core surrounded by 59
independently rotating levels.
� The skyscraper would generate its own electricity from the massive horizontal wind turbines that
would be stacked in between each floor.
� E ach turbine can produce 0.3 megawatt of electricity, compared to 1-1.5 megawatt generated by
a normal vertical turbine (windmill).
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ZEH (Zero Energy Home)
A ZEH (Zero Energy Home) is apopular term to describe a buildings
use with zero net energy consumption
and zero carbon emissions annually.
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E ZEH prototype
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Hybrid Solar Lighting
� Using sunlight to light the homes.
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Conceptual illustration of a hybrid solar
lighting system.
� The hybrid solar lighting systemuses a roof-mounted solar collector to concentrate visiblesunlight into a bundle of plasticoptical fibers.
� One collector powers abouteight fluorescent hybrid lightfixtures, which can illuminateabout 1000 square feet.
�
During times of little or nosunlight, a sensor controls theintensity of the artificial lamps tomaintain a desired illuminationlevel.
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TRANSPORT
Research in the transport module will extend bottom-up models of current
and possible future ground transport technology with the aim of estimating:
� Energy use and emissions
� Embodied energy and environmental impacts (climate and air quality)
� Capital and operating costs
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Maglev Transport
� Maglev (derived from magnetic levitation), is a
system of transportation that suspends, guides
and propels vehicles, predominantly trains, using
magnetic levitation from a very large number of
magnets for lift and propulsion.
� The power needed for levitation is usually not a
particularly large percentage of the overallconsumption; most of the power used is needed
to overcome air drag, as with any other high
speed train.
� New transportation mode has occurred that can
clearly compete with planes in both speed and
safety. They are called M AGLEV trains. The full
form and the basic working principle of M AGLEV
is called magnetic levitation.
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Magnetic Levitation
� The principle of magnetic levitation is that a vehicle can be suspended and propelled
on a guidance track made with magnets.
� The vehicle on top of the track may be propelled with the help of a linear induction
motor.
� Although the vehicle does not use steel wheels on a steel rail they are still referred to
as trains as by definition they are a long chain of vehicles which travel in the same
direction.
� The track along which the train moves is called the guide way. Both the guide way as
well as the train¶s undercarriage also have magnets which repel each other. Thus the
train is said to levitate about 0.39 inches on top of the guide way.
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Solar Road Ways
� The Solar Roadway is a series of structurally-engineered
solar panels that are driven upon. The idea is to replace allcurrent petroleum-based asphalt roads, parking lots, and
driveways with Solar Road Panels that collect energy to be
used by our homes and businesses.
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Piezo Electric systems for green
environment
� Piezoelectricity is based around the
ability of some materials, notably
crystals and certain ceramics, to
generate electrical field in response to
applied mechanical stress.
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Innowattech·s Energy Generating Roadways
Zeri Phone
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STREAM Portable Power
Generator
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Fuel cell vehicle
� A fuel cell is a chemical engine that produces electricityfrom hydrogen, emitting only water vapor.
� The electricity produced is used for driving a vehicle with anelectric motor.
� The hydrogen fuel can be produced in various ways, butcurrently the most viable method is steam reforming of fossil fuels using a nickel catalyst.
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Energy Supply
Technologies investigated in this remit willinclude:
� Solar fusion.
� Geothermal systems, including ground source heat pumps integrated with
building foundations (also known as energy piles).
� Combined heat and power (CHP) systems - especially those that run on
alternative biofuels. In addition to district heating, the viability of emerging
micro-CHP for domestic applications will also be assessed.
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SOLAR FUSION
� The Sun is the Power House for the entire Solar System. It is a fairly typical star that is not burning, but
is fusing together Hydrogen to form Helium. In so
doing, it releases energy in vast quantities. The process
that powers the Sun is called nuclear fusion.
� The fuels needed to create a nuclear fusion reaction²the hydrogen isotopes deuterium and tritium²are
abundant in seawater and thus are virtually limitless.
And there are no harmful byproducts of the reaction: no
radioactive, toxic wastes to dispose of.
� Fusion power is a clean, renewable energy source with
the potential to dramatically change how we generate
electricity.
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CONCLUSIONThe Green kind ± energy which won¶t run out or pollute ± from the
Wind, the Sun and the Sea. We have coastline from which toharness the Sea, some Wind energy and, though it doesn¶t always
seem so, we even have the Sun.
The Way it is Now The Way it Could Be
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Ecotricity is the future of the mankind in
building healthier and energy efficient
planet.
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