Ecosystem Ecology

Honors Biology Ch. 3.5-3.6

Ecosystems Characterized by:

Biotic Factors: Plants Animals Fungi Protists Bacteria

Abiotic Factors: Temperature Rainfall

What do these things have in common?

Where does the energy come from?

Producers (Autotrophs) Plants, some bacteria, and some protists:

convert light energy into chemical energy

Consumers (Heterotrophs) Animals, Fungi, some protists, and some

bacteria: Consume chemical energy and convert into usable

energy

Herbivores Consume producers

Ex: rabbits

Carnivores Consume other consumers

Ex: wolves

Omnivores Consume both producers and consumers

Ex: humans and bears

Detrivores (Decomposers) Break down organic matter

Ex: bacteria & fungi

Overview Energy in Ecosystem From sun (light energy) Transferred by photosynthetic plants To chemical energy (found in food) Make ATP energy (usable energy in body) Free energy (released as heat)

Honors Biology Ch. 4.4-4.6

Energy Flows in an Ecosystem

Food Chain a relationship in which organisms depend on

each other for energy/food.

Food Web a group of interrelated food chains.

How many organisms are:1. Autotrophs?2. Heterotrophs?3. Herbivores?4. Carnivores?5. Omnivores?6. Detrivores?

Delicate Balance Sometimes the removal of one species results

in the collapse of the ecosystem Ex: sea otter (Enhydra lutris)

Trophic Relationships 3° Consumers (carnivores)

eats 2° Consumers

2° Consumers (carnivores) eats 1° Consumers

1° Consumers (herbivores) convert chemical energy into ATP

Producers (autotrophs) convert light energy into chemical energy

Energy Pyramid

Biomass Pyramid

Numbers Pyramid 1 Bird

2 Fish

4 Water Shrimp

7 Daphnia

10 Algae

Matter Cycles in the Ecosystem

Honors Biology Ch. 4.14

Earth is matter

Chemistry is matter

Life is made out of matter

Biogeochemical Cycles Biotic Factors are made up of matter

(CHNOPS) These elements cycle in our biosphere

Water Cycle

Carbon Cycle

Nitrogen Cycle

Phosphorus Cycle