economically important insect orders - extension entomology€¦ · insects that discolor or...
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Economically Important Insect
Orders
Insect Feeding Guilds
Characteristics and examples of economically
important insects
Teaching Objective:
Sight recognition of insect orders
Laboratory exercise to follow
Link to more extensive information on orders
from NC-State compiled by John Meyer:http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/course/ent425/tutorial/taxons.html
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Insect Feeding Guilds
What is a feeding guild?
A guild describes where an insect must go
to find, eat, and process food.
A guild sets the stage for understanding
ecological relationships.
Individual orders can have insects in one
or many feeding guilds.
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Insect Guild Categories
Pest
Bugs that bother us
Beneficial
Bugs that help us
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Insect Pest Guilds
Insects that discolor or disfigure leaves (spider mite,plant bug).
Producers of liquid excrement (honeydew), or wax(aphid, scales)
Gall makers - Live in specialized habitats (tumors)produced by plants.
Defoliators – Remove leaf tissue
Leaf miners – Live between the upper and lower surfaceof plants.
Stem and trunk borers. –Live inside plant stems andtrunks.
Root feeders –feed in the soil on plant roots.
Disease vectors– Transmit disease (MosquitoesMalaria, elm bark beetles- Dutch Elm Disease)
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Beneficial Insect Guilds
Insects that eat pests
Parasites- Insects complete their life inside a
pests ( parasitic wasp)
Predators – Insects that consume other insects
(lady beetles)
Pollinators – Insects that move pollen between
plants (wasps, bees and flies)
Decomposers - Insects that feed on dead and
decaying plant and animal matter. (Carpenter
Ants, Termites, Bark lice, Collembolla, flies).
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Insect Phylogeny
Ametabolous Apterygota
Hemimetabolous Exopterygota
Paleoptera (ancient winged)
Neoptera (newer winged)
Orthopteroid orders -Chewers
Hemipteroid orders –Mostly suckers
Holometabolous Endopterygota
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Ametabolous apterygotaCollembola (Springtails)
collophore furcula
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Collembola Image
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Collembola Furcula
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Collembola Head
Retracted chewing
mouth parts
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Thysanura (Silverfish/Firebrats)
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Hemimetabolous Exopterygota
Paleoptera (old winged)
Ephemeroptera (Mayflies)
Adult Naiads (Aquatic juveniles)
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Hemimetabolous Exopterygota
Paleoptera (old winged)Ephemeroptera (Mayflies)
Adult
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Odonata
Anisoptera (dragonflies) Zygoptera (damselflies)
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Odonata
Anisoptera (dragonflies) Zygoptera (damselflies)
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Hemimetabolous ExopterygotaNeoptera (new wing)
Aquatic ancestral group
Plecoptera (stone flies)*
Embioptera (web spinners)
*= commonly encountered or problematic in ornamental
systems.
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Plecoptera (stoneflies)
Adult Naiad
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Plecoptera (stoneflies)
Adult Naiad
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Hemimetabolous ExopterygotaNeoptera (new wing)
Orthopteroid Orders• Dermaptera* (earwigs)
• Grylloblatodea (rock crawlers)
• Phasmotodea* (walking sticks)
• Orthoptera* (grasshoppers, crickets and katydids)
Dictyopterous (produce eggs in cases, like mantids andcockroaches)
• Mantodea* (Mantids)
• Blattodea* (Cockroaches)
• Isoptera* (Termites)
*= commonly encountered or problematic in ornamental systems.
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Dermaptera (Earwigs)
Enlarged cerci
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Phasmatodea (Walking Sticks)
Forelegs
antennae
female
male
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Orthoptera (grasshoppers, katydids,
crickets, mole crickets)
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Orthopteroid OrdersDictyopterous (produce eggs in cases),
• Mantodea* (Mantids)
• Blattodea* (Cockroaches)
• Isoptera* (Termites)
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Blattodea (Cockroaches)
German cockroach life stages
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Blattodea (Cockroaches)
common adults
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Blattodea (Cockroaches)
common egg cases
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Mantodea (Praying Mantids)
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Isoptera (Termites)
soldier worker
Winged reproductivesMud tubes