ecology unit learning goal #3: examine factors that result in the different biomes of the world
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Levels of OrganizationBiosphere
All of the biomes together.Biome
A group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities
Ecosystem A collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving, or physical, environment.
Levels of OrganizationCommunity
Assemblages of different populations that live together in a defined area.
PopulationGroup of individuals that belong to
the same species and live in the same area.
IndividualOne member of a species.
Biome Characteristics
Composed of large regions.
Similar Abiotic Factors (nonliving)
Similar Biotic Factors (living)Have specific climate with similar
plants and animal adaptations.
Species composition is not the same in different areas.
Abiotic Factorso Physical or
NONLIVING component of an ecosystemRocks, Sand, Cliffs
Snow, Rain, HailWind
Sun, Heat, Cold
Factors that Affect ClimateThe Greenhouse
EffectCarbon dioxide,
methane, water vapor, and other atmospheric gases trap heat energy.This allows the
temperature on Earth to remain within a range suitable for life.
Without these gases the Earth would be about 30 degrees colder.
Factors that Affect Climate
Earth’s Tilt The tilt of Earth’s
axis means that solar radiation strikes different parts of the surface at an angle that varies throughout the year.
Latitudes Define Some Biomes
For Example, Tundra is fromarctic circle to 70° N.
Latitude•The sun strikes most directly at the equator. •As latitude increases north and south of the equator, the sun’s rays become less direct.•This results in three major climate zones: tropical, temperate, and polar.
Categories of BiomePrimary Biomes
TundraTaigaGrasslandsDesertsDeciduous ForestsTropical RainforestsOther Biomes: Chaparral, Savanna,
Tropical Deciduous Rain Forest
Permafrost (permanent layer of frost)
Little rain or snowfall
Least diverse biome
Flat terrain
Constant low temperature
Tundra
Coniferous Forest(TAIGA)
Spruce and Fir Trees (Cone Plants)
Mosses, lichens, small shrubs
Winter snowfall
Short, warm summer days
Snow completely thaws
Deciduous Forest Distinct 4 seasons
Trees lose leaves in the Fall
Richest Soil
Oaks, Maple, Hickory, Chestnut
Abundant snow and rainfall
Squirrels, Deer, Birds, Fox, Skunk
Desert
o Extreme temperatureso Little precipitationo Poor, dry conditionso Thorny plants, cactio Rodents, insects, reptiles, camels
GrasslandTall, Mixed or Short grass
Deep, porous soil
Low-medium precipitation
Wolves, grasshoppers, jackrabbits, badgers, rattlesnakes, birds,
Low winter temperatures