ecology & the biosphere chapter 52. ecology study of how organisms relate to one another &...
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Ecology & the Biosphere
Chapter 52
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Ecology
Study of how organisms relate to one another & their environment
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Fig. 52-5
Kangaroos/km2
0–0.10.1–11–55–1010–20> 20Limits ofdistribution
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Fig. 52-9
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Ecology
Organism (behavioral ecology)Population (several individuals of
same species)Community (different species that
live in a particular area)Ecosystem (abiotic factors & all the
species that live in that area)Biosphere (all the living communities
on earth-global ecosystem)
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Environment
Abiotic factors (nonliving):Temperature WaterSunlightSoil /rocksClimate
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Environment
ClimateBodies of waterVariation of sunlightSeasonsPrecipitationWind MountainsLong term climate change
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Biomes
Major terrestrial or aquatic life zones
Defined by regional variation of climate
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Aquatic Biomes
Largest part of the biospherePhotic zone (sunlight)Aphotic zone (little light)Benthic zone (bottom)Detritus (decaying matter)Turnover (circulates oxygen)
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Aquatic Biomes
LakesWetlandsStreams and riversEstuaries Intertidal zonesOceanic pelagic zoneCoral reefsMarine benthic zone
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Lakes
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Wetlands
+/- water
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Streams and rivers
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Estuaries
Transition between river and sea
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Intertidal zones
Tides 2x a day
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Oceanic pelagic zone
Open bodies of ocean
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Coral reefs
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Marine benthic zone
Bottom of oceanMinimal sun
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Terrestrial Biomes
Tropical rain forestSavannaDesertChaparralTemperate grasslandsTemperate deciduous forestTemperate evergreen forestTundra
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Tropical rain forests
Large amounts of rain per yearRichest ecosystemContains ½ of the world’s
speciesSA,Africa, & southeast Asia
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Savanna
Open, few treesSeasonal rains (75-125 cm/yr)Africa Lions, elephants
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Desert
Interior of continentsDry, less than 25 cm/yr rainfall
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Chaparral
Coastal regionsWet winters
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Temperate grasslands
Prairies, grasslandsHerds of grazing mammalsNot as abundant
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Temperate Deciduous forest
Deciduous: hardwoodsWarm summers, cool wintersNE US, Canada,
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Temperate evergreen forest
Cold wintersLong dry seasonsWestern US
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Tundra
Grassland few treesLittle rain/snowDeer, elk, moosePermafrost