ECOLOGY QUIZ

MULTIPLE CHOICE

November 26th

Question 1

Question 2

Question 3

Question 4

Question 5

Question 6

Question 7

Question 8

Question 9

Question 10

Question 11

Question 12

Question 13

Question 14

Question 15

Question 16

Question 17

Question 18

SHORT ANSWER

QUESTIONS

(5)

Question 1

1. Temperature

2. Water

3. Breeding sites

4. Food supply

5. Territory

(2)

Question 2

Different species needing the same resource

Harmful organism living in or on another

Two species that both benefit from living together

Consumer that feeds on plants

(2)

Predation occurs when a consumer kills and eats another consumer. E. g. The giant anteater is the predator and the ants and termites are the preys

Parasitism is a symbiotic relationship. The parasite gains an advantage to the cost of the host, which may be killed.E.g. Parasite: African eye worm, Host: Humans

Question 3

Explain the significance of the principle of competitive exclusion.

no two species can coexist in same niche;one is displaced / one survives;one species has an advantage over competitor /species compete with each other;description of (Gause' s) experiments with Paramecium;[3]

(3)

Question 4

Explain what is meant by the niche concept. (2)Question 5

Define the term gross production.(1)

Explain why the gross production of a species in an ecosystem is always higher than the net production. (2)

net production is gross production minus respiration;all species respire;

Outline the changes in the gross production of an ecosystem during ecological succession. (2)

gross production rises;as small plants are replaced by larger plants;eventually stabilizes;more stratification as leaf area index increases;

Question 6

Question 7

Question 8

Question 9

The total solar energy received by a grassland is 5 × l05 kJ m–2 y–1. The net production of the grassland is 5 × 102 kJ m–2 y–1 and its gross production is 6 × l02 kJ m–2 y–1. The total energy passed on to primary consumers is 60 kJ m–2 y–1. Only 10 % of this energy is passed on to the secondary consumers.

(a) Calculate the energy lost by plant respiration.(2)

(b) Construct a pyramid of energy for this grassland.(1)

plant respiration = gross production – net production / 6 × 102 kJ m–2 y –1 – 5 × 102 kJ m –2 y –1;= 1 × 102 / 100 kJ m–2 y –1; 2Units required.

6 k J m y

6 0 k J m y

6 0 0 k J m y

– 2

– 2

– 2

– 1

– 1

– 1

Question 10

The cane toad introduced to Australia

It was introduced to control agricultural crop pests on sugar cane.Its toxic secretion and skin is a threat to other animals and predator, as well asHuman that come in contact.

Question 11

Question 12

(1)

(3)

Question 13

Sympson diversity index determines species richness of ecosystem;higher the index the greater the diversity;changes in the index indicate environmental change;so community B has a higher species richness;

Question 14

HL EXTENSION

cheaper than ex situ conservation;species continues to evolve in the natural environment;larger populations can be maintained bigger breeding pool /more genetic variation;species will be behaving normally in the natural environment /less stress / injury to animals during capture / transport;species will not have to adapt to special diets;species can have large territories/space;

(4)

(4)

HL EXTENSION(3)