ecology
DESCRIPTION
ECOLOGY. Study of an Ecosystem. Preparation Fieldwork Follow-up activities Report writing. Preparation. Learning objectives Advance planning Safety. Quantitative Study. Syllabus 1.5.3. Quantitative Study of plants and animals of a sample area of the selected ecosystem. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: ECOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56816709550346895ddb71da/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: ECOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56816709550346895ddb71da/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Study of an Ecosystem Preparation
Fieldwork
Follow-up activities
Report writing
![Page 3: ECOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56816709550346895ddb71da/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Preparation Learning objectives
Advance planning
Safety
![Page 4: ECOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56816709550346895ddb71da/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Quantitative Study
![Page 5: ECOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56816709550346895ddb71da/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Syllabus 1.5.3 Quantitative Study of
plants and animals of a sample area of the selected ecosystem
Transfer Results to• Diagrams• Graphs• Tables• Histograms• Other relevant
mode
![Page 6: ECOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56816709550346895ddb71da/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Quantitative Study
No. of organisms present
Quadrat
![Page 7: ECOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56816709550346895ddb71da/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Quadrat
Usually square shaped
Can be used to measure: Frequency % Cover
A frame that forms a known area
![Page 8: ECOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56816709550346895ddb71da/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Frequency The chance of finding a named
organism within the sample area in a number of quadrats
May be expressed as a percent of the total number of quadrats sampled
![Page 9: ECOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56816709550346895ddb71da/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Frequency Procedure Throw the quadrat randomly in the
sample area Record the presence or absence of a
named organism within each quadrat Repeat for a number of throws Tabulate results
![Page 10: ECOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56816709550346895ddb71da/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Frequency tableOrganism 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total Frequency % Frequency
Quadrat throw
thrownquadratsofNoorganismcontainingquadratsofNoFrequency
..
If percentage is required multiply frequency by 100
![Page 11: ECOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56816709550346895ddb71da/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Frequency Procedure Throw the quadrat randomly in the
sample area Record the presence or absence of a
named organism within each quadrat Repeat for a number of throws Tabulate results
![Page 12: ECOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56816709550346895ddb71da/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Plot Graph
X axis = Organisms
Y axis = % FrequencyOrganisms
%Frequency
![Page 13: ECOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56816709550346895ddb71da/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Tabulation of results
Auto Calculations
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
% Frequency
Buttercup Daisy Dandelion Grass
Plant name
% Frequency
% Frequency
Organism Name % Frequency 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total Frequency % FrequencyButtercup 50% Y N N Y Y N Y N Y N 5 5/10 50
Daisy 40% N Y N N N Y Y N Y N 4 4/10 40Dandelion 60% Y N N Y Y Y N Y Y N 6 6/10 60
Grass 40% N N Y Y N N N Y Y N 4 4/10 40
Quadrat Throw
![Page 14: ECOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56816709550346895ddb71da/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
% Cover Quadrat divided
into a grid Intersections
form sampling points
Plant scores a hit if touched by the needle
Canopy organisms / all organisms
![Page 15: ECOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56816709550346895ddb71da/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
% Cover An area of ground occupied by aerial
parts of individual plants of the
species examined and counted
Expressed as a percentage of the total
quadrat area
![Page 16: ECOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56816709550346895ddb71da/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
% Cover procedure Throw a quadrat at random
Record the plant hit at each sampling
point
Repeat for a number of throws
Tabulate results
![Page 17: ECOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56816709550346895ddb71da/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
% Cover table
100sintpoof.nootalΤ
hitsof.NoCover%
Plant Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total Hits Total Points % CoverQuadrat throw
![Page 18: ECOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56816709550346895ddb71da/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
% Cover procedure Throw a quadrat at random
Record the plant hit at each sampling
point
Repeat for a number of throws
Tabulate results
![Page 19: ECOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56816709550346895ddb71da/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Tabulation of results
AutoCalculations
% Cover
20%
12%
14%
46%
8%ButtercupDaisyDandelionGrassOther
Plant Name % Cover 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total Hits Total Points % CoverButtercup 20% 10 6 1 8 2 1 5 5 7 5 50 250 20%Daisy 12% 1 6 2 2 4 4 2 4 3 2 30 250 12%Dandelion 14% 2 6 6 1 4 4 2 3 1 6 35 250 14%Grass 46% 12 5 12 14 15 14 15 13 11 4 115 250 46%Other 8% 0 2 4 0 0 2 1 0 3 8 20 250 8%
Quadrat Throw
![Page 20: ECOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56816709550346895ddb71da/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Data Presentation ICT contributes to display, calculation and
analysis of data. (example Excel)
012345678
Density/m2
Buttercup Daisy Dandelion Grass
Plant Name
DensityDensity
Graphs
Plant Name % Frequency 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total % FrequencyButercup 50% Y N N Y Y N Y N Y N 5 50%
Daisy 40% N Y N N N Y Y N Y N 4 40%Dandelion 60% Y N N Y Y Y N Y Y N 6 60%
Grass 40% N N Y Y N N N Y Y N 4 40%
Quadrat Throw - % Frequency
SpreadsheetsCalculationsAnalysis
![Page 21: ECOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56816709550346895ddb71da/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
1.5.7 Analysis
Prepare a brief report of the results obtained
Syllabus page 14
![Page 22: ECOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56816709550346895ddb71da/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Report writing Option A Presentation of results and analysis of
all ecology fieldwork together in portfolio format
Option B Presentation of results of
each individual ecology activity separately in regular practical notebook with one common analysis
![Page 23: ECOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56816709550346895ddb71da/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Option AA portfolio should contain
Title page
Introduction
Site description
Methods used
Results
Analysis
![Page 24: ECOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081515/56816709550346895ddb71da/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Presentation of results of each individual ecology activity
separately in regular practical notebook with one common
analysis
Option B