ecologists study environments at different levels of organization. population ecology organism ...
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ECOLOGISTS STUDY ENVIRONMENTS AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION.
Population Ecology
Organism Population Community Ecosystem Biome
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Population Ecology
Population:all the organisms that both belong to the same group or species and live in the same geographical area
Specific species at the same place at the same time
Example:1,738 trout in Kentucky Lake in 1986
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Population Size
The size of a population is always changing!
Four factors affect the size of a population:Immigration (coming in)BirthsEmigration (leaving)Deaths
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Population Density
Population Density:The number of individuals that live in
a defined areaHelps scientists determine how
crowded an area is
Formula:# of individualsArea
(units2)
= population density
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Population Growth
Population growth is based on available resources.
FOOD
WATER
SHELTER
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Population Growth
Exponential Growth (J curve)Rapid population increase due to an abundance of resources.
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Population Growth
Logistic Growth (s curve)Due to a population facing limited resourcesNo more will fit!!!
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Population Growth
Carrying CapacityThe maximum number of individuals that the environment can support
When resources run out the population cannot keep growing
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Population Growth
Ecological Factors limit population
growth.
Limiting Factors:Something that keeps the size of a population down
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Limiting Factors
Density-dependent limiting factors:Depend on the number of individuals in a given area.
Examples: Predation Competition (competing for resources)
Parasitism & diseaseHave a larger effect in densely populated areas
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Limiting Factors
Density-independent limiting factors:Limit a population’s growth regardless of the number of individuals
Examples: Unusual weather Natural disasters Human activities