ecological restoration of rivers and lakes of india...
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Ecological Restoration of Polluted Rivers & Lakes of IndiaRivers & Lakes of India
River in urban areas
Dream to convert into clean river
Sayali JoshiVice President, SESS & CEO, SERI, [email protected]; [email protected]
Indian Waters: Current Status
Pollution: Major Cause of Economic Losses,Stunted development in many regions
Issues of Waters – Rivers and LakesEncroachmentEncroachmentPollutionLosses / alterations ofHydrologic Cycle due toHydrologic Cycle due tohydromodifications
Local to Global ProblemDecentralized issues
4
Centralized infrastructurewithout due credit toecosystem processes
Current Status of Water bodies: India
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) less than 1 ppm in most of the urban water bodies
Unhealthy water bodies lead to perilous epidemics
1. BOD in the religious bathing area is high evenf l i f h GAP I Th BOD i hi h
Aftermaths of the GAP Phase‐I Schemes for Varanasi
after completion of the GAP I. The BOD is as highas 25 mg/l at the confluence of Ganga andVaruna.
2. Fecal coliform varied from 70000 mpn/100ml to1.5 million/100ml.
3 In unpolluted upstream area of Assi river 2mg/l3. In unpolluted upstream area of Assi river ‐ 2mg/lof BOD and undetectable fecal coliform.
4. Treated sewage coming out from STPs has BOD>50mg/l; suspended solids >100mg/l; fecalcoliform levels remain very high.
5 About 90 per cent of pollution into the holy river5. About 90 per cent of pollution into the holy riveris caused by sewage generation while only about5 to 6 per cent industrial effluents can be blamedfor river pollution.
(Ref.: http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/153800/ accessedon 28/05/2014)
Governments’ Environmental Accountability and Responsibility of Lotic (Stream) / Lentic (Lake) Restoration Project Management
Social, Cultural Necessity
51A (g)
People, Groups, NGOs, CBOs,
Volunteers Green
48A(g)
Volunteers, Green Clubs
G S
Government Departments / Green Surgeons,
Designers, Planners, Green
Curator
Departments / Nodal Agency
Science, Engineering & Technology
Protection, Regulation & Conservation
Ecological RestorationNot infrastructure but eco‐health improvementNot infrastructure but eco health improvement
It’s Not ASSET butIt s Not ASSET butPROCESS
Restoration of Rivers and Lakes
Ecological Health project and not Infrastructure project
Revitalization of self-purification capacity of water body
Conversion of single species or no life river or lake waterConversion of single species or no life river or lake waterbody into multispecies living water body
Maximum use of nature’s own capital and recurring andp gminimization of monetary and manmade inputs likeelectricity, machinery and chemicals
Local action for Global issue of Climate Change
Compliance With Rules & Regulations
National Action Plan for
ClimateWater Policy, 2012 & 2002 Climate
Change (NAPCC), 2008R d ti f GHG
2012 & 2002 Water quality for prioritized uses
Reduction of GHGs
National Water Pollution (Prevention &
Environment Policy, 2006
Conservation of water
(Prevention & Control) Act, 1974 & its amendment
resources through livelihood
Discharge standards
What is Ecotechnology?
Chemical Sciences and Engineering
Life Sciences and Engineering
Earth Sciences and Engineering
Ecotechnology
River Restoration Lake Restoration River Restoration Lake Restoration
Green Bridge System
• Culmination of 25+ years of research
• 100% Natural Process
• Reinvigorates the natural• Reinvigorates the natural Ecosystem
l i bl• Truly sustainable
• Carbon positive
• Nitrogen positive
• Fecal pathogen control
Green Bridges
The horizontal eco-filtration system – a graftingof ecological system to treat the pollutionflowing through the streams and rivers
Space Footprint 0 sq. mCarbon Footprint Less than 0Ecotoxicity reduced to 0Nutrient Balance 100%
Significant ObservationDespite of continued industrial discharges and shock loads there is no fish killDespite of continued industrial discharges and shock loads there is no fish kill.Fish contract deposit increased from Rs. 2,00,000 (in 2008 – 09) to Rs. 1,25,00,000 (in 2012).
Significant Observation
DO concentration increased from 0 mg/L (untreated stretch) to 11.4 mg/L (treated).
DO transfer in a day – 11500 kg in 1 km stretch of ecotechnological treatment( i l t t R 3 th t i d f h i l ti )(equivalent to Rs. 3 crores – the cost incurred for mechanical aeration)
Green Structures for revival of river’s self-purification capacity Buddha NEER Project with
support from MoEF, NRCD, CPCBsupport from MoEF, NRCD, CPCB
Lessons from Ecological Restoration Projects in Different Parts of IndiaDifferent Parts of India
Governance issue Ahar River, Udaipur
Medi Kuntha,Hyderabad
Rasoolabad, Allahabad
Buddha Nallah, Ludhiana
S d hi / UCCI Wi G S CPCB & NRCDStewardship / Patron
UCCI Wiprocare Ganga SewaAbhiyan
CPCB & NRCD
Monitoring JSS & UCCI IAAB & SERI GSA & SERI CPCB, PPCB &SERISERI
Stakeholder/s UIT, Irrigation HMDA AMC LMC, irrigation
Institutional coordination
6 7 5 4coordination
Institutional memory
6 8 4 2
S l 1 t 10 ( h 1 i th t & 10 i th b t)Scale – 1 to 10 (where 1 is the worst & 10 is the best)
Science & Technology
SERI SERI SERI SERI
Implementation GRIN SERI GRIN GRIN
Benefits to Farmers &fishermen
Villagers Ganga Project Farmers
Lessons from Ecological Restoration Projects in MaharashtraMaharashtra
Governance issue WaldhuniRiver, Mumbai
Jayanti Nallah, Kolhapur
CME, Dapodi, Pune
Ambil Odha, Pune
S d hi / UMC MPCB KMC MPCB CME C i C &Stewardship / Patron
UMC, MPCB KMC, MPCB CME, CumminsFoundation
Corporates &RAG
Monitoring MPCB MPCB SERI RAG & SERI
Stakeholder/s Water supply &industries
Downstreampopulation
‐ PMC
Institutional coordination
2 2 8 7coordination
Institutional memory
1 1 8 6
S l 1 t 10 ( h 1 i th t & 10 i th b t)Scale – 1 to 10 (where 1 is the worst & 10 is the best)
Science & Technology
SERI SERI SERI SERI
Implementation ‐ ‐ CRC CRC
Benefits to Urbanpopulation
Villagers River ecosystem River ecosystems
Present Status of Khan River, IndoreKhan River is the mainwater body of the Indorecity. Indore city is situatedin the catchment of twosmall rivers i e Khan andsmall rivers i.e. Khan andSarswati. Khan River isflowing through heart ofIndore city and travelingaround 50 km distancebefore confluences withShipra River at Ujjain.Total sewage:200 MLD(CPCB
Report(2010)IMC is treating: 90 MLD Industrial effluent: 2.2 MLD
Downstream to Indore from kabitkhedi to Sanwer Khanriver water is being used for growing vegetables andirrigating the crops by the Farmers. It poses high risk offood chain contamination.
Present Status of Nag River, Indore
Sewage generation from the city: 346 MLDSTP capacity: 100 MLDStretch in city : 17 kmTotal flow of Nag River: Dry weather flow of Nag River is about 300 MLD Present status: Highly concentrated sewage of Nagpur is carried by the Nag and into thePresent status: Highly concentrated sewage of Nagpur is carried by the Nag and into the Vainganga. Water stored in the dam reservoir has become polluted and its backwater has reached Ganeshpur, 3km from Bhandara.Nag River is black coloured with foul odor water‐body with floating fecal particles.l k f d bi di i f h l k d l k bi d d ilack of oxygen and biodiversity of phytoplankton and zooplankton, anaerobic degradation makes water unsuitable for any type of use
R bi th f St & L kRebirth of Streams & LakesWith Ecotechnology & Ecological Engineering
Shrishti Eco-Research InstituteB-106, Devgiri, Opp. P. L. Deshpande Garden, Near Ganesh Mala, Sinhagad Road, Pune – 411 030 Phone: +91-20 – 24253773 TeleFax: +91-20-
In association with –1. Green Infrastructure, Pune2. Yash Foundation, Ahmedabad3. WAPPSYS, Gurgaon4 ECOSYS Pune– 24253773 TeleFax: +91-20-
66206539 Email: [email protected]
4. ECOSYS, Pune5. TransNVtech, Pune