ece 303 and 353 _lab_manual

ECE 303 n 353 – UEL 3Laboratory Manual

DEPARTMENT OF ECE, LPU, PHAGWARA (PUNJAB), INDIA. 1

Draft copy for adoption:

LABORATORY MANUAL OF ECE 303 and 353

UEL 3 LAB

Prepared at Lovely Professional University

With

Participation &

Valuable contributions from

Er. Surrender kumar Er. Jyotika

Er. Saurab

Reviewed and corrected by.

Rajeev Kr Patial

Sr lect., off. HOL, ECE (B. Id. 12301)

OFF HOD ECE

(Dean Labs ) (Vice Chancellor) (Chancellor)



ECE303 and ECE353: UEL 3

1. Interfacing and control of stepper motor using 8085 microprocessor.

2. Generation of delay in binary counting using 8085 microprocessor.

3. To implement a moving 7-segment display with suitable delay using 8085 microprocessor.

4. To realize a real time clock using 8085 microprocessor.

5. To develop program for discrete convolution and correlation.

6. To develop a program for computing DFT and IDFT in MATLAB.

7. To develop a program for computing circular convolution.

8. To develop a program for computing inverse Z-transform.

9. To develop a program for designing FIR filter in MATLAB.

10. To develop a program for designing IIR filter in MATLAB.

11. *To design and implement on a breadboard a circuit to perform Amplitude Modulation.

12. *To design and implement on a breadboard a circuit to perform Frequency Modulation, Phase Modulation.



PROGRAM -1 AIM Interfacing and control of stepper motor using 8085 microprocessor.

Apparatus required stepper motor(12 volts)

SAMPLE PROGRAM Interface a Stepper Motor to the 8085 microprocessor system and

write an 8085 assembly language program to control the Stepper Motor.

Block Diagram

SOFTWARE FOR STEPPER MOTOR CONTROL

As port A is used as an output port, control word for 8255 is 80H. Stepper Motor Control Program:

6000H Excite code DB 03H, 06H, 09H, OCH : This is the code sequence for clockwise

rotation

Subroutine to rotate a stepper motor clockwise by 360° - Set the counts:

MVI C, 32H : Set repetition count to 50ıο

START: MVI B, 04H : Counts excitation sequence

LXI H, 6000H : Initialize pointer

BACK1: MOV A, M : Get the Excite code

OUT PORTA : Send Excite code

CALL DELAY : Wait

INX H : Increment pointer

DCR B : Repeat 4 times

JNZ BACK l



Delay subroutine:

Delay: LXI D, Count

Back: DCX D

MOV A, D

ORA E

JNZ Back

RET

FLOWCHARTS

Stepper motor subroutine Delay routine

Conclusion A stepper motor is a digital motor. It can be driven by digital signal. Fig. shows

the typical 2 phase motor rated 12V /0.67 A/ph interfaced with the 8085 microprocessor system

using 8255. Motor shown in the circuit has two phases, with center-tap winding. The center

taps of these windings are connected to the 12V supply. Due to this, motor can be excited by

grounding four terminals of the two windings. Motor can be rotated in steps by giving proper

excitation sequence to these windings. The lower nibble of port A of the 8255 is used to

generate excitation signals in the proper sequence. These excitation signals are buffered using

driver transistors. The transistors are selected such that they can source rated current for the

windings. Motor is rotated by 1.80 per excitation.

____________________________________________________________________________



PROGRAM - 2 AIM Generation of delay in binary counting using 8085 microprocessor .

SAMPLE PROGRAM Write a program for displaying binary up counter. Counter should

count numbers from 00 to FFH and it should increment after every 0.5 sec.

Source Program:

LXI SP, 27FFH : Initialize stack pointer

MVI C, OOH : Initialize counter

BACK: CALL Display : Call display subroutine

CALL Delay : Call delay subroutine

INR C : Increment counter

MOV A, C

CPI OOH : Check counter is > FFH

JNZ BACK : If not, repeat

HLT : Stop

Delay Subroutine:

Delay: LXI B, count : Initialize count

BACK: DCX D : Decrement count

MOV A, E

ORA D : Logically OR D and E

JNZ BACK : If result is not 0 repeat

RET : Return to main program

FLOWCHART

Flowchart for Source Program: Flowchart for Delay routine:



Conclusion Assume operating frequency of 8085 equal to 2MHz. Display routine is available.

____________________________________________________________________________

PROGRAM - 3

AIM: TO implement a moving 7-segment display with suitable delay using 8085

microprocessor.

Apparatus required 7-segment display

Sample program Interface an 8-digit 7 segment LED display using 8255 to the 8085

microprocessor system and write an 8085 assembly language routine to display message on the

display.

INTERFACING SCHEME



Source program:

SOFTWARE TO INITIALIZE 8255:

MVI A, 80H : Load control word in AL

OUT CR : Load control word in CR

SUBROUTINE TO DISPLAY MESSAGE ON MULTIPLEXED LED DISPLAY:

SET UP REGISTERS FOR DISPLAY:

MVI B, 08H : load count

MVI C, 7FH : load select pattern

LXI H, 6000B : starting address of message

DISPLAY MESSAGE:

DISP 1: MOV A, C : select digit

OUT PB

MOV A, M : get data

OUT PA : display data

CALL DELAY : wait for some time



DISP 1: MOV A, C

RRC

MOV C, A : adjust selection pattern

INX H

DCR B : Decrement count

JNZ DISP 1 : repeat 8 times

RET Note: This "display message subroutine" must be called continuously to display the 7-segment coded

message stored in the memory from address 6000H.

Delay subroutine:

Delay: LXI D, Count

Back: DCX D

MOV A, D

ORA E

JNZ Back

RET

CONCLUSION

Fig. shows the multiplexed eight 7-segment display connected in the 8085 system using 8255.

In this circuit port A and port B are used as simple latched output ports. Port A provides the

segment data inputs to the display and port B provides a means of selecting a display position

at a time for multiplexing the displays. A0-A7 lines are used to decode the addresses for 8255.

For this circuit different addresses are:

PA = 00H PB = 01H

PC = 02H CR = 03H.

The register values are chosen in Fig. such that the segment current is 80 mA. This current is

required to produce an average of 10 mA per segment as the displays are multiplexed. In this

type of display system, only one of the eight display position is 'ON' at any given instant. Only

one digit is selected at a time by giving low signal on the corresponding control line. Maximum

anode current is 560 mA (7-segments x 80 mA = 560 mA), but the average anode current is 70

mA.

____________________________________________________________________________

PROGRAM - 4 AIM : TO Realize real time clock using 8085 microprocessor .

Sample program WAP to realize real time clock. Display seconds in data field, minutes

and hours in address field.

ALGORITHM

STEP 1: Initialize the data for seconds in

acc...

STEP 2: Initialize the data for minutes in L

reg. STEP 3: Initialize the data for hours in H

reg

STEP 4: Display the data in the display



field

STEP 5: Call proper delay of one second.

STEP 6: Increment the second by 01 and

compare it with the value 60

suitably if it is equal increment the

minute by one and compare it with

the value 24 suitably, if not for all

the above increment the second

Value and repeat the steps 4-5.

STEP7: Termination

PROGRAM

START: LXI H,0000H

MIN : MVI A,00H SEC: PUSH PSW

PUSH H PUSH H

CALL UPDDT POP H CALL UPDAD LXI D,FFFFH CALL DELAY CALL DELAY POP H POP PSW ADI 01H DAA CPI 60 JNZ SEC MOV A,L ADI 01H DAA MOV L,A CPI 60 JNZ MIN MVI L,00 MOV A,H ADI 01H DAA MOV H,A CPI 24H JNZ MIN JMP START HL T



RESULT: AFTER EXECUTION

Address field Data field

Hours Min sec

0000 01

____________________________________________________________________________

Experiment No:-5

AIM: To develop program for discrete Convolution and Correlation

Software Required : MATLAB 7.5

ALGORITHM:

1. Enter the input Sequence ,x having length=4

2. Enter the Impulse Sequence, h having length=4

3. Performing the Convolution, store the value in y

4. Plotting the Input Sequence.

5. Plotting the Impulse Sequence.

6. Plotting the Output Sequence.

PROGRAM CODE:

% program for discrete Convolution

x=[1,1,1,2];

h=[1,1,2,1];

Nx=length(x);

Nh=length(h);

y=conv(x,h);

n=0:1:Nx-1;

subplot(2,2,1),stem(n,x);

xlabel('n'),ylabel('x(n)');

title('input sequence');

n=0:1:Nh-1;

subplot(2,2,2),stem(n,h);

xlabel('n'),ylabel('h(n)');

title('impulse sequence');

n=0:1:Nx+Nh-2

subplot(2,2,3),stem(n,y);

xlabel('n'),ylabel('y(n)');

title('output sequence(linear convolution)');



RESULT:

0 1 2 30

0.5

1

1.5

2

n

x(n

)

input sequence

0 1 2 30

0.5

1

1.5

2

nh(n

)

impulse sequence

0 2 4 60

2

4

6

n

y(n

)

output sequence(linear convolution)

__________________________________________________________

ALGORITHM:

1 Enter the input Sequence ,x having length=4

2 Enter the Impulse Sequence, y having length=4

3 Performing the Correlation, store the value in y

4 Plotting the Output Sequence ,store in z.

%program for discrete Correlation

X = [1 2 3 4];

Y = [2 3 4 5];

Z = xcorr(x,y);

stem(z);

RESULT:



1 2 3 4 5 6 70

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Fig shows discrete Correlation of two signals

_______________________________________________________________

Experiment No:-6

AIM: To develop a program for Computing DFT and IDFT in MATLAB

Apparatus: MATLAB 7.5

ALGORITHM:

1 Enter the input Sequence ,x having length=4

2 Set the range of k according to the length of x.

3 Computing DFT, store the value in X(k).

4 Plotting the DFT of given Sequence,store in X(k).

PROGRAM CODE:

% Program to perform Discrete Fourier Transform

clc;clear all; close all hidden;

x=input('The given sequence is x(n): ');



N=length(x);

for k=1:N

X(k)=0;

for n=1:N

X(k)=X(k)+x(n).*exp(-j.*2.*pi.*(n-1).*(k-1)./N);

end

end

display('The DFT of the given sequence is:')

X

p=0:(N-1);

stem(p,abs(X)),grid

Input Sequence:-

RESULT:

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 30

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Fig shows DFT of input sequence



Expt 7: Program to perform Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform

ALGORITHM:

1 Enter the input Sequence, x having length=4

2 Set the range of k according to the length of x.

3 Computing IDFT, store the value in X(k).

4 Plotting the IDFT of given Sequence, store in X(k).

Program code:

clc;clear all; close all hidden;

x=input('The given sequence is x(n): ');

N=length(x);

for k=1:N

X(k)=0;

for n=1:N

X(k)=X(k)+x(n).*exp(j.*2.*pi.*(n-1).*(k-1)./N);

end

end

display('The DFT of the given sequence is:')

X

p=0:(N-1);

stem(p,abs(X)),grid

Input Sequence:

RESULT:



0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 30

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Fig shows IDFT of input sequence

_______________________________________________________________

Experiment No:-8

AIM: To develop a program for Computing Circular Convolution


ALGORITHM:

1 Enter the input Sequence, x having length=4

2 Enter the Impulse Sequence, h having length=4

3 Performing the Convolution, store the value in y(n)

4 Plot the y(n).

PROGRAM CODE:

%program to perform circular convolation%

clc;close all hidden;clear all;

x=input('enter the input sequence x(n):');

h=input('enter the impulse response h(n):');

N1=length(x);

N2=length(h);



N=max(N1,N2);

N3=N1-N2;

%loop for getting equal length seq

if(N3==0)

x=[x,zeros(1,N3)];

h=[h,zeros(1,N3)];

end

if(N1>N2)

h=[h,zeros(1,N3)];

end

if(N1<N2)

x=[x,zeros(1,-N3)];

end

%computation of circular convolved seq

for n=1:N,

y(n)=0;

for i=1:N,

j=n-i+1;

if(j==0)

j=N+j;

end

if(j<0)

j=N+j;

end

y(n)=y(n)+x(i).*h(j);

end

end

display('convoluted sum:');

y

p=0:(N-1);

stem(p,y),grid;



RESULT:

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 30

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Input:

1. Enter the input sequence x(n): [1 2 3 4]

Enter the impulse response h(n):[2 3 4 5]

OUTPUT: 1.Convolution sum: y = [36 38 36 30]

____________________________________________________________________________

Experiment No:-9

AIM: To develop a program for Computing Inverse Z-Transform


ALGORITHM:

1. Write the poles and zeros of the input sequence.

2. Returned vector R contains the residues,Column vector contains P contains the pole

locations. And row vector contains the direct terms.

3. Plot the pole magnitudes.



4. Plot the pole angles in pi units.

5. Plot the frequency response of given z-transform of the given function.

PROGRAM CODE:

%program to perform Inverse Z-Transform

b=[1,0.4*sqrt(2)];

a=[1,-0.8*sqrt(2),0.64];

[R,P,C]=residuez(b,a);

m=abs(P');

subplot(1,2,1);

plot(m);

title('magnitude');

A=angle(P')/pi;

subplot(1,2,1);

plot(A);

title('Angle');

freqz(a,b,10)

Input Sequence:

RESULT:

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10

50

100

150

Normalized Frequency ( rad/sample)

Phase (

degre

es)

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1-20

-10

0

10

20

Normalized Frequency ( rad/sample)

Magnitude (

dB

)



ANGLE:-

1 1.5 2-0.25

-0.2

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25Angle

MAGNITUDE :-

1 1.5 2-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2magnitude

Experiment no 10

AIM : To develop a program for designing IIR filter in MATLAB.

DIRECT REALIZATIONS OF IIR FILTERS



Algorithm:



Experiment no 11

AIM : To develop a program for designing FIR filter in MATLAB.



Algorithm:



Experiment no 12

AIM : To design and implement on a breadboard a circuit to perform Frequency modulation.

APPARATUS: IC LM 2206,10k, two 100k,three 4.7k,220ohm

resistor,22µF,1µF,10µF,0.01µF, CRO(20 Mhz),Function generator(1Mhz),connecting wires

and probes.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

1. Connect the circuit as per the given circuit diagram.

2. Apply the modulating signal of 500HZ with 1Vp-p.

3. Trace the modulated wave on the C.R.O & plot the same on graph.

4. Find the modulation index by measuring minimum and maximum frequency deviations from

the carrier frequency using the CRO.

M = S/f = maximum Frequency deviation / modulating signal frequency

5. Repeat the steps 3& 4 by changing the amplitude and /or frequency of the modulating

Signal.

EXPECTED WAVEFORMS



OBSERVATION TABLE

Formula used: m f = δ / f m

where δ = k Vm fc

K is the proportionality constant



S.No Vm Vc f m f c δ from CRO m f = δ/ fm

1.

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

ERROR ANALYSIS TABLE:

Vm fc+2% fc –

2%

f m

+2%

f m -2% m f1 =

δ/fmmax

m f2= δ/

fmmin

m f3= kVmfcmax/

fm

m f4=

kVmfcmin/ fm

Find the average m f.

Calculated mf = kVm fc /fm

mf min =

mf max =

mf avg cal =

%age error = ((Calculated mf - observed mf ) / Calculated mf )x100%



RESULT:

____________________________________________________________________________

Experiment no 13

AIM : To design and implement on a breadboard a circuit to perform Amplitude modulation.

APPARATUS: Two IC BC 107BP,33k, 100k,two 4.7k,270ohm resistor,two 4.7µF capacitor,

CRO(20 Mhz),Function generator(1Mhz),connecting wires and probes.

PROCEDURE:-

1. Connect the circuit as per the given circuit diagram.

2. Apply fixed frequency carrier signal to carrier input terminals.

3. Apply modulating signal from function generator of 1VP-P of 500Hz.

4. Note down and trace the modulated signal envelop on the CRO screen.

5. Find the modulation index by measuring Vmax and Vmin from the modulated (detected/

traced) envelope.



M=(Vmax –Vmin)/(Vmax+Vmin)

6. Repeat the steps 3,4 & 5 by changing the frequency or/& amplitude of the modulating signal

so as to observe over modulation, under modulating and perfect modulation.

7. For demodulation, apply the modulated signal (A.M) as an input to the demodulator and

verify the demodulated output with respect to the applied modulating signals and their

respective outputs.



Observed m= (Vmax + V min) / (V max – V min )

Sr. No Vm Vc Vmax Vmin m=

(Vmax + V min) /

(V max – V min )

1

2

3

4

5

6

ERROR ANALYSIS:

Calculate Modulation index using mathematical formula mc = Vm/Vc.

%AGE ERROR = ((m –mc)/ mc)x100%

RESULT:

ece 303 and 353 _lab_manual

Documents

jnz back ret

load control word

end end display

count back

display message

segment display

stepper motor

decrement count