Annotated Margaret LinehanHugh ScullionJames S. Walsh, (2001),"Barriers to womens participation in international management", European Business Review, Vol. 13 Iss 1 pp. 10 19 Seyed Hamed MoosaviRad Sami Kara Suphunnika Ibbotson, (2014),"Impact of international outsourcing on the value adding of industries", The International Journal of Logistics Management, Vol. 25 Iss 3 pp. 463 - 486 Cristian Chelariu Talai Osmonbekov, (2014),"Communication technology in international business-to-business relationships", Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, Vol. 29 Iss 1 pp. 24 - 33

Executive SummeryThis report has been prepared from three different journal. According to this three journals natures these are categorized as research papers. According to the requirements of this annotated bibliography the journals have been summarized and presented in different nine points. First journal headline is Barriers to womens participation in international management and it has focused on what sort of barriers a women face when she is going to participate international management. Headline of second journal is Impact of international outsourcing on the value adding of industries. This journal has indicated how the international outsourcing affect on the value of industries. The third journal has the title as Communication technology in international business-to-business relationships which has been selected to illustrate the importance of communication technology and to make the readers understand how it affects in the international business. All the journals have been prepared by putting the best effort of the authors though each of the journals contains some limitations which has leaved rooms for future researches. In a nutshell all of these three journals are very important for the firms and different management and these journals can be used as a guideline for the managers regarding how to handle and utilize their resources by avoiding obstacles in order to achieve organizational goals in effective and efficient ways.

Table of ContentsAnnotatediExecutive SummeryiiTable of Contents.......................................................................................................................iii-iv1.0 Barriers to womens participation in international management11.1 Citation11.2 Introduction and Aim11.3 Research Methodology11.4 Scope of Analysis, Findings and Results21.5 Usefulness21.6 Limitations31.7 Critiques and Challenges31.8 Conclusion31.9 Reflection32.0 Impact of international outsourcing on the value adding of industries42.1 Citation42.2 Introduction42.3 Research Methodology42.4 Scope of Analysis, Findings and Results52.5 Usefulness52.6 Limitations52.7 Critiques and Challenges62.8 Conclusion62.9 Reflection63.0 Communication technology in international business-to-business relationships73.1 Citation73.2 Introduction & Aims73.3 Research Methodology73.4 Scope of Analysis, Findings and Results83.5 Usefulness83.6 Limitations83.7 Critiques and Challenges93.8 Conclusion93.9 Reflection9

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1.0 Barriers to womens participation in international management1.1 CitationMargaret LinehanHugh ScullionJames S. Walsh, (2001),"Barriers to womens participation in international management", European Business Review, Vol. 13 Iss 1 pp. 10 191.2 Introduction and AimWomen are the half part of society. But if we see it perfectly we will find that they are neglected in maximum sector compare with men. Now a days lots of organizations are raising their voice for women rights. One Bengali female writer said that Those great things have done for human being in this world, half has done by men and half has done by women. This is absolutely truth. Women have participation in every work. Most painful thing is that they are not getting facilities as mens are getting even they are working as same as men. They are not getting facilities as much as expect compare with men. From top level to bottom level they are being discriminated from many rights. In this journal author focused in only one sector that is participation of women in international management. Actually the main aim of this journal is that to find out that what sort of barriers a women face when she is going to participate international management.1.3 Research MethodologyFor doing this research author total selected 50 senior female managers based on two criteria one is that they had to be the part of senior management team and another is that had to have minimum one international carrier move . The selected fifty managers were from different field such as financial services, international retailing, software engineering, chemical manufacturing, management consultancy, telecommunications, state-owned enterprises and tourism. Author sent an introductory letter to the CEO of these companies detailing the criteria for inclusion in the study. Those fifty senior managers were selected from different four regions such as Ireland, Belgium, UK and Germany. Author took one to one and half for interviewing those selected managers. Those interviews have tapped recorded, transcribed and coded. Respondents have given their opinion about barriers of women in international management like what sort of problem they face, how they discriminated etc.1.4 Scope of Analysis, Findings and ResultsThe scope for this journal is reviewing on women rights related studies in international management level. This research has done in normal way without making any hypothesis questionnaires. Authors have asked question about what sort of barriers they face and interviewers just give their opinion from their experience. The data collected for this research were not drawn from organizational setting. So the practical implementation and the validity of the result can vary. This research found some barriers that are women face when they are going participate international management. Corporate barrier still exists for women in international management. Interviewees highlighted that they are being gender discriminated at the time of selection. Even some job seeks for men only. Women are highly disqualified at the time of selection for an international assignment. The promotion ratio of women also very much poor compare with men. Beside this corporate barrier there is also some other barriers like lack of mentoring, lack of networking. These two are informal barriers. Interviewee said that mentors are especially useful at the beginning stages of career development. Maximum time they dont get women mentor for developing their confidence and working skills. Women needs women mentor because it prevent difficulties with cross-gender mentoring. But sometime they got some bosses like mentor. Lack of networking is another barrier for women. But networking is very much useful in all stages of career. Sometime they dont be able to create network with men. Interviewees believe that women dont get the full facility like man because maximum top level position holds by men. They also believe that some sectors are very much dominated by male like medicine, law. Create networking is a one barrier which sometime create from womens uninteresting. 1.5 UsefulnessAs we know without participation of women it is hard to make a better world. Because they are the half of this world. So we cant think development without half part. Every organization should treat equally both men and women from top level to bottom level. The study has both theoretical and practical implications. This journal showed those barriers which is making wall when women want to participate in international management. This journal will very much helpful to know about the barriers for a woman in international management and also come out with these barriers.1.6 LimitationsAuthors did not do any hypothesis research for finding the barriers. The research has done on only four countries. Authors might be including some country from Asian content. It has focuses on some barriers. There might be more things to focus like political, religious etc. The study has not covered all the explanations for the negative effect of discrimination. Future research can be conducted on the investigation that what should do to prevent barriers for making a better work place for women. Now these limitations can show contradictory results in the practical organizational settings and vary in validity and implication.1.7 Critiques and ChallengesBarriers of selected country and others country are not same accords the world. So the findings might face new challenges and differences in various regions. This has left room for further researches and many questions regarding the obstacle that is women face at the participation time in international management. 1.8 ConclusionIn modern corporate world women are now participating from top to bottom level of organization. Now a day we can see some women are now working in the management level as top level. Although they are facing lots of problem from getting job to at the time of doing job. So those barriers which are making them disappointed those should be removed from organizations decision maker. 1.9 ReflectionThe study reflects how womens are getting less facilities compare with men in international management. Which are really important nowadays to achieve competitive advantages. This journal will indicate how barriers can be reduced and guide the organization to set up an environment that welcomes women for better outcomes.

2.0 Impact of international outsourcing on the value adding of industries2.1 CitationSeyed Hamed MoosaviRad Sami Kara Suphunnika Ibbotson, (2014),"Impact of international outsourcing on the value adding of industries", The International Journal of Logistics Management, Vol. 25 Iss 3 pp. 463 - 4862.2 IntroductionOutsourcing is dealing with another company or indivusal to do a specific function or task. Now a days maximum organizations are involving in some outsourcing. The outside firms that are providing the outsourcing services are third-party providers, or as they are more commonly called, service providers. Outsourcing takes many forms. The most common forms are Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO) and Business Process Outsourcing (BPO). Outsourcing implications in business and socio-economic and globalization, insourcing, stand point of government etc. For business such as management process, security etc are seeing for business outsourcing. For socio-economic and globalization such as industrialization, growth and income, urbanization, income, trade, domestic inequality etc are helpful in outsourcing. Most of the times specific tasks are outsourced to agents who are specialized in specific field. The outsourced agents also have specific instrument and technical expertise, most of the times they are better than the ones at the outsourcing organization. Effectively the tasks can be completed very fast and with much better quality output. The aim of this journal is to find out how the international outsourcing affect on the value of industries.2.3 Research MethodologyIn this journal authors have selected two types research mythology one is Input output analysis and another is linear programming. This research methodology is developed through four main steps to answer the research question. Input output analysis applied to step 1, 2 and 4 to find out how value of outsourcings input and output influence the economy. On the other hand through linear programming is used in step 3 to quantify the gross value added values of the baseline and ten different international outsourcing scenarios. This presented methodology has applied to a case study based on Australian Motor Vehicle and Parts Manufacturing (AMVPM) and its main ten suppliers.2.4 Scope of Analysis, Findings and ResultsThe data collected for this research were not drawn from organizational settings. So the practical implementation and the validity of the result can vary. Further research can be conducted based on practical organizational context. Future studies and analysis can include more items to get better result. Future analysis and research can discover other reasons and details other concerning activities. From the research as findings can be expect significant growth in outsourcing, the vast majority will purchase integrated service, expect more efficiency etc. The result of the questionnaire from the respondent may vary. Thats why survey result is different from others. If in near future doing a survey, that time survey result may different from the present. It is cleared that the Australian industrys relation with international outsourcing is negative ration where its positive with international outsourcing. Finally it has showed that outsorcees supply of demand depends o the outsourcer. 2.5 UsefulnessOutsourcing is an important things or matter for every organization in this modern period. International outsourcing is very attractive to all now-a-days. This study shows that the international outsourcing performance and learning about outsourcing. It also creates an innovation and better outcomes for outsourcing firms. Outsourcing is not only for produicng products and services but also for creating job some sectors for a regions people. Although outsourcing has some disadvantages but its have much advantages than disadvantages. The journal is also beneficial for the outsourcer and outsorcee from different region.2.6 LimitationsIn this report the data has not been collected from the organizational framework or pattern. The findings in practical situation can vary or different. It has focuses on certain things. The study has not covered all the explanations. The research of the study did not show any clear or comprehensible actual situation of outsourcing. Future research can be carrying out the actual result of the potential outsourcing in big, medium and small outsourcing farms. Now these limitations can show contradictory results in the practical organizational settings and vary in validity and implication.2.7 Critiques and ChallengesThe study was not carry out in organizational framework. The validity of this study is a great challenge. In here, this research used a particular number of things which were included in potential outsourcing for international outsourcer. But there are some other items or things which have not been covered by the study and did not show any clear or comprehensible actual situation. Laboratory settings can be considered a great challenge for conducting the research. 2.8 ConclusionDay by day outsourcing is becoming more popular to people. Outsourcing is doing business as a third party. Almost every organization tries to select an outsourcing farm for the organizational purpose. As a third party outsourcing farm externally captured the market on behalf of the organization. Now many people are joining in outsourcing firms and established their carrier. At present outsourcing business is not domestic but also internationally. Out sourcing also famous for financial savings like low rates labor costs, transportation, raw material costs. Outsourcing is a vast field for producing quality goods and services for the domestic and international firm. There are some international outsourcing farms that are remarkable. 2.9 ReflectionThe study reflects understanding the outsourcing, compare between potential prospective outsourcing than internal outsourcing which is very much important for outsourcing. This study also indicates how people do international outsourcing in globally.

3.0 Communication technology in international business-to-business relationships3.1 CitationCristian Chelariu Talai Osmonbekov, (2014),"Communication technology in international business-to-business relationships", Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, Vol. 29 Iss 1 pp. 24 - 333.2 Introduction & AimsThe journal has been conducted to find out that how information/communication technology (ICT) especially (phone, e-mail, and internet) influences international business to business relationship. This is time of globalization where businesses are trying to cross the border which is known as international business. The need of international communication is increasing for effects and influences of globalization. As business to business (B2B) marketing channels become more international for communication, communication technology makes the path easy for making a good relationship between different cultures and different nations. It is not easy to do physical deals among buyer and seller, it is also increase time and cost. But technology makes those things easier and less cost. So in this era of globalization where outsourcing is the international business is a part and parcel segment of the economy of most of the countries. It is very important to know about strong relationship between communication technologies for making a great business to business relationship. This journal has been selected to illustrate the importance of communication technology and to make the readers understand how it affects in the international business. 3.3 Research MethodologyThe research has done with six hypotheses based on the proposed theoretical framework. To analysis data based on survey author selected recreation analysis process and used SPSS. These six hypotheses divided into two sectors one is country-level antecedents and another Relationship-level antecedents. These two levels also have the different sector like market demand, international barriers, information exchange etc. To test these hypotheses author used a sample of US exporters to emerging European countries. Author selected 747 companies from the PIERS database, the Department of commerce and the Federation of Trading Companies. The selected firms are different in size, number of employee, importing country, even in export experience. From 747 firms 353 firms have participated but finally obtained 180 questionnaires. They were asked six questions related to their firms and communication technology.3.4 Scope of Analysis, Findings and ResultsThis research found the relation between usages of information/communication technology in international business to business relation. Information communication technology varies from nation to nation but ICT is the core the thing to make strong international business relation. Not only for making strong relation but also to know the future demand market. In two hypotheses it is cleared to reduce barriers of bureaucratic, technology is the best way. To exchange information and reduce conflicts between two international party information technologies is main bridge find in hypothesis four and five. Lastly it has find out that phone calls, email improve performance of communication rather than internet in last hypothesis. Country level predictors are important antecedents by email communication; administrative barriers can reduce through phone communication. Finally, it has found that the uses of internet based data exchange are mostly reliable for firm level technological skills. The result concludes that frequently phone and e-mail among partners improve the performance of the relationship, in the same time use of the internet does not improve performance. 3.5 UsefulnessThe practices and applications of information communication technology in international relations in both developed and developing countries show that, it is a powerful means indeed to deliver better quality diplomatic and foreign services. This journal has focused on how communication technology affects on international business to business relation. This journal is a great contribution and can help those firms which have international business relation. Not only for firms but also individual like international relationship manager. The journal is also beneficial for the exporter and importer from different region.3.6 LimitationsThis journal has covered only three sector of information/communication technology which is using in international business relation and surveyed on one exporter country. They have just selected those US export firms. So the conclusion drawn from the result might show differences in other cases. It did not provide maximum information about the usefulness of using information communication technology in international business to business relation.3.7 Critiques and ChallengesBusiness environment of US and others country are not same accords the world. So the findings might face new challenges and differences in various firms. This has left room for further researches and many questions regarding the bond between information communication technology and international business to business relation.3.8 ConclusionThe conclusion stated that using of modern information communication technology important is an important asset for the exporting and importing firm. For making a strong bond in international business information communication technology is the one and only bridge. We cannot think a stung business to business relation without information communication technology. Actually we are blended with information communication technology and effects. The findings have implications in managerial level and it has begun to answer the practical question regarding breaking the glass ceiling. The research has unfold that how technology and business relation greatly depend on each other.3.9 ReflectionThe study has shown the reflection of different dimensions and advantage of using technology in international business. This journal gives a general idea about effects of information communication technology in international business to business relation.