east japan railway workers union planning director akinori yanagi
DESCRIPTION
Disaster Preventions in the Time of Emergency and the Social Role and Responsibility of the Railway Workers. East Japan Railway Workers Union Planning Director Akinori Yanagi. Damages by the Great East Japan Earthquake (Coastlines). 2. Damages by the Great East Japan Earthquake (Buildings). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Disaster Preventions in the Time of Emergency and the Social Role and
Responsibility of the Railway Workers
1
East Japan Railway Workers Union Planning Director Akinori Yanagi
2
Damages by the Great East Japan Earthquake (Coastlines)
3
Damages by the Great East Japan Earthquake (Buildings)
4
14:46 March 11th 2011 Magnitude 9.0 Earthquake hits
【 Damages in JR East Company Areas 】Dead JR East Company 5 persons Affiliated Companies 7 personsStill Missing 2 personsMore than 1,100 cases of total or partial destruction and washed out houses
Victims approximately 19,000 Fukushima accident still continues
5
Tohoku Shinkansen Sendai-Furukawa
Damages of Railways (Shinkansen)
6
Tohoku ShinkansenFurukawa-Kurikoma Kogen
Damages of Railways (Shinkansen)
7
Ishinomaki Line near Onagawa Station
Damages of Railways 7 local lines nearly total collapse
Ishinomaki Line
8
Yamada Line Rikuchuyamada
Damages of Railways 7 local lines nearly total collapse
Yamada Line
9
Ofunato LineRikuzenyahagi-Takekoma
Damages of Railways 7 local lines nearly total collapse
Ofutona Line
10
Senseki Line Nobiru
Damages of Railways 7 local lines nearly total collapse
Senseki Line
11
Damages of Railways
7 local lines and Shinkanse nearly total collapse
No victims on train in service, this is “Miracle”
Surveys to collect experiences from union members
Miracle was not made accidentally, it was made inevitally
Preparation in both software and hardware (education, training and manuals)
There were many situations beyond expectations of education, training and manuals
⇒ JR workers made appropriate decisions on sites
12
Why did they make such decisions?
Why did they make such decisions?
We need to pass on the lessons learned from the disaster to the next generations. It is important to establish the philosophy of
railway safety.We carried out a survey to the union members who experienced the earthquake.
Method: Survey 25% of total union members ・・・ 11,827 distributed and 11,207 returned 94.8% Tape recorded ・・・ 54 members were tape recorded Free writing ・・・ Opinions from about 500 members
This Presentation talks about anti-disaster measures, education and training for JR East workers who answered in the survey.
13
1. After the Earthquake, it was difficult to secure a way of communication with the control centre
14
After the earthquake, communication with the control centre was difficult
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
設備職場
運転職場
営業職場 60.7
16.5
6.4
8.2
6.0
2.2
50.1
24.5
8.9
11.0
1.
8 3.
7
38.1
24.8
12.6
13.2
3.5
7.9
Imm
ediately W
ithin 1 to 2 hours
Within 12
hours
Not on the day
Not 2 to
3 days
Others
Sales
(Station, etc)
Drivers
Facility ( Railway
and electricity etc )
◇ To secure a way of communication with the control centre
With the damages beyond expectations, it was impossible to give orders and know the damages at every worksites by the centre.
Communication had been down for more than 1 day. The important key is how to secure the communication and to give a priority for decisions on site.
The numbers were too low given the fact that the control centre is responsible for the train in service and for evacuation.
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
After the earthquake, communication with the control centre was difficult
◇ Ways of obtaining information about earthquake and tsunami on the day of earthquake
77.
9
28.
3 25.
2 23.
92.4 5.5
TV
Com
pany Info
Radio
Internet
Wireless
info from
the local govt
Others
Company info was not enough, workers obtained info on their own way
It is important of how to obtain information reflecting modern information society
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2. Manuals were useless at all
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
2. Manuals were useless at all ◇ Do you have “the manuals for a large scale earthquake”?
Alw
ays keep them
at hands
Have m
anuals at hom
e
Received the
manuals but
unsure w
hereabouts
Manuals w
ere not distributed
Others
24.5
44.7
23.7
6.2
0.9
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
3.1 29.2
49.4
6.7
1.3
10.3
Fully used
Used
Did not use
them m
uch
Did not use
them at all
Did not know
them
at all
Others
◇ How did you use the manuals when an earthquake hits?
More than 70% do not have manuals at hands
More than 80% do not use the manuals
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Education on earthquake manuals
Had lessons
and understood the content clearly
Had lessons
but understanding is not enough
Lessons were
provided but did not attend them
There w
as no education
Others
19.6
42.1
7.6
29.2
1.5
More than 80% do not understand the content of education
2. Manuals were useless at all
・ Had education 60%
Education has become a mere formality
・ No education 40%
No time for education on emergency
To guarantee time for education
To nurture a teaching professional
Education and training
Had education and understood 20%
Busy worksites cannot have education
Review of manualsEasy to
understandEasy to seeUseful manuals
Listen to workers on site
Incredible cases occurPractical education is necessary to cope with emergency
Talks needed to point out
problems and find out causes
Practical drills anticipating all possible situations
Driver
Facility
Sales
Trainings for fire, earthquake, tsunami are necessary in cooperation with a local government
Making hazard maps of each area
Manuals were useless in time of emergency
Training to think independently
Training to know special conditions of each line
Impossible to know all dangerous areas when a natural disaster occursTraining on how to use emergency telephone
Ladder using evacuation drills
Communication with partner companies
In practice
2. Manuals were useless at all
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Review of manuals, they were useless but they are necessary
In Practice
Making manuals reflecting opinions of workers on site
Experience and thinking power, long experiences on field
Useless manuals
Not carrying manuals
Don’t know the content of manuals
No education doneEducation has become a mere
formality
Manuals for rebuilding, not for saving one’s life
Unexpected situations can occur
In ca
se o
f em
erg
en
cy with
no
com
mu
nica
tion
reg
ard
ing
on
e’s life
Driver
Facility
Sales
Broadcasting to passengers
Gathering information
Evacuate to a high ground when tsunami warning is issued
Not stopping in tunnel nor on bridge
Gathering information
A system
giving priority for decisions on site
A system
does not impose responsibility on individuals even if the decision turns out w
rong
Important
When tsunamiwarning issued
Run to a high ground
Not stopping in tunnel
nor on bridge
No individuals forced to be
imposed responsibilit
y
2. Manuals were useless at all
Evacuate to a high ground when tsunami warning is issued
Gathering information
Evacuate to a high ground when tsunami warning is issued
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3. When a disaster occurs, evacuation procedures and
routes were not used
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
3. Evacuation procedures and sites when a disaster occurs◇ Evacuation procedures from a worksite when a disaster occurs
Procedures
were clear
Procedures
were not clear
enough
Procedures
were unclear
Don’t know
the procedures
Others
26.2
32.4
22.0
18.6
0.8
32.9
19.7
21.4
0.8
25.2
Clear
enough
Not clear
enough
Unclear
Don’t know
Others
◇ Evacuation sites from worksite when a disaster occurs
More than 70% do not understand the evacuation procedures
Nearly 70% were unsure about evacuation sites
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
18.0
2.2 59.8
7.0
13.0
Evacuated
by order
Evacuate
d on my
own
Did not
evacuate even after orders
Did not
evacuate because there w
ere no orders
No answ
ers◇ Did you evacuate to an evacuation site from your worksite?
Workers at head office and branches were able to evacuate in group. Workers on site show lower tendency of actual evacuation
◇ Places like stations, there are many customers, we cannot guide them to evacuate
◇ We cannot evacuate first, leaving others behind
◇ Some workers do not understand the evacuation sites
◇ Tsunami hit evacuation sites so some sites were inappropriate for evacuation
◇ When a train stops, in many cases, a driver does not know the local situations and it is important of how to overcome the limitations of education
3. Evacuation procedures and sites when a disaster occurs
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4. Actual voices that made “Miracle” leading to Zero
victims
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○Info from the city about huge tsunami warning ○Local people were evacuating to a high ground crossing the railway
Ofunato Ichinoseki
Train stopped when earthquake occured
Order to st
op
Evacu
ation order to
Ofunato elementary school
Con
trol
Cen
tre
Driver started to make passengers prepare for evacuation
Driver told them to evacuate Ofunato elementary school
A local said Ofunato Junior high was on a higher ground and safer
Driver thought elementary school was on lower ground and close to the sea, they evacuated Ofunato Junior High
Ofunato Elementar
y
Ofunato Junior High
4. A voice that made zero victims (A case at Ofunato)
26
Control centre ordered,Ofunato elementary
school
Followed an opinion of a local, evacuated to the
junior high
On siteControl centre
This violates the order of the control centre
【 Lesson learned 】・ Control centre has limitations. Decisions on site are very important
This case resulted in success, but the opposite case could occur
◇ The driver did not follow the order of control centre, so he might be charged for ignoring the order
Even if it turns out a wrong decision, a system should be established not to charge the responsibility of decisions on site
4. A voice that made zero victims (A case at Ofuna)
27
Shinchi station
Stopped at Shinchi, then a huge shock came
2 policemen on the train offered to help passengers
The driver returned to the station, but nobody was there
Policemen said tsunami warning was issued and passengers were guided to a city office
Driver and conductor stayed and watched the train500 meter away from the sea, never thought tsunami would come
Then, tsunami came, no time to run away
Ran to bridge
Trains were washed awayLesson: Close doors
Stayed until morning on the bridge, no communication with anyone listening to a radio all night
Shinchi City Hall
40 passengers were guided by policemen
No communicatio
n
with th
e control
centre
Con
trol
Cen
tre
4. A voice that made zero victims (A case at Shinchi)
28
29
30
Hisanohama
Yotsukura
RoadDangerous area
Train stopped with emergency brake by driver
Tsunami w
arning
Evacuatio
n order
Con
trol
cen
tre
Passengers were panic
Driver saw huge tsunami warning on a display on the road, this is not a normal situation
No time to get passengers off from the train, all doors opened and chairs were removed to use them as ladders. Elders were carried out with hands on
Driver confirmed nobody left behindTsunami came in front of the road
Ladders in the train were not strong enough to support passengers
3 policemen working on the road, helped passengers off the train
Getting everyone off the train completed in 10 to 15 mins
A local guided passengers to a high ground, they wentto junior high, instead of Hisanohama station
Huge Tsunami warning
4. A voice that made zero victims (Hisanohama)
31
Hisanohama
Yotsukura
RoadDangerous area
Instructed to wear protecting gloves, Decided to carry out first aidsFire in front of station, many injured people were carried into Hisanohama station
Tsunami came in front of the road
Going to Hisanohama⇒ Confirmed passengers are on high ground.The city was destroyed and they helped injured people with firefighters
Emergency medical staff requested to carry out first aids with gauze
As long as I wear uniform of JR East, I cannot run away
When I think of that moment now, I still wonder what should I do?
Huge tsunami warning
4. A voice that made zero victims (Hisanohama)
1. Situations beyond expectations can occurIt is important to train workers who can decide on their own and act independently
Control centre has limitationsTo establish a system giving priority to decisions on site
3. Education and training are necessary Practical education using real equipment on site
Education aiming to nurture thinking power
A system needed not imposing responsibility on individuals even if the decisions turns out wrong
4. To sharpen a sense of lessening damages On site power
Incredible power can be exercised
Researching all possible situations, practical education and training. Then what do you do?
5. Summary
“ Conquering worries and fears, I was able to act calmly”
“ With limited information, I acted with a strong sense of responsibility, motivation and commitment for my job”
“Judging my situations accurately, I make instantly a decision to secure safety”
◇ Voices which fulfilled one’s own responsibility
5. Summary
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We regard this earthquake as a lesson, we aim to nurture a railway person who has a top priority for respecting human beings as well as philosophy of humanism
Thank you for your listening
East Japan Railway Workers Union