East Asia and the West

Why did Western Imperialistic nations have differing result in China, Japan and Southeast

Asia?

China Japan

Western Nations Gain Power

• In 1800, European nations were more concerned about trading with the Chinese, but the Chinese did not see the Europeans as very important.

• However, the Qing dynasty was losing power.

The Opium War• Chinese believed that all nations outside of China were barbaric.

• Only Guangzhou was open for trading business

The Opium War

• The Chinese were only interested in obtaining silver.

• The Chinese obtained a large amount of British silver by trading their tea.

Opium War

• British introduced opium to the Chinese to solve the problem of the trade imbalance

• Chinese became addicted to opium

Opium War• Addiction was such a problem that the

Chinese decided to ban the import of opium in 1796.

• 1839- all opium found in Guangzhou was destroyed

• British were upset!

Treaty of Nanjing• First of the unequal treaties• 1842 – British navy captured Shanghai• Treaty greatly benefitted the British and five

more ports were forced open for trade with the West.

Extraterritoriality

• British citizens accused of crimes had the right to be tried in British courts rather than Chinese courts.

• Is this fair?

Taiping Rebellion

• The Qing had lost the mandate of heaven

• Caused a rebellion• Leader: Hong Ziuquan –

believed he was the brother of Jesus

• He wanted to create a “Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace.”

Taiping Rebellion

• His followers launched the Taiping Rebellion and captured Nanjing.

• Eventually this group was defeated by the team effort of the French and the Qing.

• 20 million Chinese died in the Taiping Rebellion

Qing Tries to Modernize

• Build more coal mines• Make modern weapons• Make modern ships• The Qing were still very

weak and spheres of influence were established.

Russian

British

German

FrenchJapanese

Treaty Port

• Think ~ Write ~ Share ~

• What is the meaning behind this political cartoon?

The Boxer Rebellion

• The Harmonious Fists – A secret society that combined the martial arts with the hatred of foreigners and the belief that they were impervious to Western weapons.

Chinese Boxers

• Began attacking missionaries and Chinese converts to Christianity

The Effects of the Boxer Rebellion

• Boxers lost to foreign troops.

• Uprising suppressed• Beijing was captured by

foreigners• Heavy fine imposed on the

Chinese• Chinese government was

humiliated once again

The 1911 Revolution

• Qing tried to enact reforms• Japan and the U.S. still wanted to overthrow

the Qing dynasty

The last emperor of the Qing

dynasty who was overthrown by the Japanese.

Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-Sen)

• A radical leader whose ideology was based upon three principles:

– Nationalism– Democracy– Equity in land ownership

(Socialism)

Sun Yixian ~ The Father of Modern China

• Believed that China should eventually become a Democracy

• Support for the revolt grew rapidly• 268 rule of the Qing ends

The Rise of Modern Japan• After contact from the West, how come the

Japanese emerged as a great military and imperialistic power, instead of descending into turmoil and revolution like the Chinese?

Tokyo Harbor

U.S. Contact by Commodore Perry• The Tokugawa regime resisted outside contact

at first• Commodore Perry in Tokyo Harbor with four

warships, convinced the Japanese to sign the Treaty of Kanagawa

Treaty of Kanagawa• Allowed American ships to stop at two Japanese

ports• Five more ports opened for trade in 1858• Extraterritoriality was also established• Japanese were angry and humiliated by this

Meiji Restoration

• Shogun had been the supreme military leader of Tokugawa Japan

• Japanese resented the way the shogun gave in to Western demands

• Mutsuhito, the emperor took back the power of the government.

Mutsuhito = Emperor Meiji

• “Enlightened rule”• 1868-1912• He believed that the best way to preserve and

to build Japan’s strength was to modernize

Meiji Reforms

• Iwakura mission to the U.S. (2 years)• All Japanese children were attending school• Adopted U.S. military practices• Industrialized

– Built telegraph lines– Railroads– Established a common currency

Sino-Japanese War• This war was fought in

Korea between the Chinese and the Japanese

• Korea had pledged allegiance to China

• Japan forced Korea to open ports up for trade.

Sino-Japanese Effects• Chinese humiliated by

Japanese victory• China recognized Korea’s

independence• Japan gained control of

Taiwan• Japan won the right to build

factories in China• Japanese won respect from

the West and extraterritoriality was lifted

Little Japan defeating big

China.

Russo-Japanese War 1904/5

• Russia and Japan struggled for influence in Korea and Manchuria

• Japanese could not get the Russians to surrender.

Treaty of Portsmouth• Negotiated by U.S. President Theodore

Roosevelt at Russia and Japan’s request

Treaty of Portsmouth ~ Results

• Japan gained control of a Russian railway in Manchuria

• Russians had to transfer the leases on two ports to the Japanese

• Korea was under Japanese influence

Europeans in Southeast Asia• Colonies were established in the 1500s for

access to spices.• Dutch controlled the spice trade through the

1600s and 1700s• Dutch established sugar and coffee plantations

British in Southeast Asia

• British controlled Malayan peninsula• British established rubber plantations to

provide raw materials for bicycle tire factories

French in Southeast Asia

• French controlled Indochina• Missionaries were active in

Vietnam• Nguyen Dynasty saw the

French as a threat and began to expel converts to Christianity

• Napoleon III sent a fleet and forced the signing of the Treaty of Saigon

• French also annexed Laos and Cambodia

French Colonialism in Vietnam

• French imposed high taxes on Vietnamese laborers

• French were becoming rich from tea and rubber

• Vietnamese farmers fell into deep debt

• Vietnamese resentment grew

According to this 1895 map, which European power controlled the most land?

Summarize• Think ~ Pair ~ Share• Why were Europeans interested in colonizing

Southeast Asia?

Meiji Reforms Description

Governmental

Rapid Industrialization

Military Reforms

DIRECTIONS: Use the information on page 354 in your textbook to complete this chart. Your chart should contain at least two main points or descriptions per reform category.

Name: ______________________________________ Date: ___________________