east asean civilization

7/27/2019 EAST ASEAN CIVILIZATION

1/18

LESSON 17

EAST ASIAN

CIVILIZATION

REPORT OF: GROUP 2 (ARAL.PAN.)


2/18

Chinese literature abound with

stories about ancient empires and

emperors who were bearers of

knowledge and skills used by men

for their daily lives, like farming

and weaving.

The earliest Chinese empire is said

to be the Hsia Dynasty, but apart

from literature, there is no proof of

its existence.


3/18

THE

SHANGDYNASTY


4/18

The second oldest empire.

In the city of Anyang, located (80) miles from the

Huang Ho or Yellow river, farmers stumbled on

fragments of what they called dragon bones

which were polished and bore markings.

The dragon bones were in fact bones of oxen,

sheep, turtles, and other animals which were morethan three thousand years old.

ANYANG

CITY


5/18

They were called oracle bones.

The diviners (probably priests) interpreted signsfrom gods and recorded the questions and

answers on the bones, thus the term oracle

bones.

Chinese historians and scholars were able to read

the writings on the bones, which is similar to

modern-day Chinese script.

ORACLE BONE


6/18

THE

CHOUDYNASTY


7/18

Thus, through the excavation of the city of Anyang,

the Shang Dynasty is now considered as the first

Chinese empire.

Archaeological excavations indicate that during the

Shang Dynasty, the people used the wheel, wore silk

and furs from animals which were hunted and later,

domesticated.

The emperors of the Shang Dynasty came from

aristocratic families who were former military

leaders.


8/18

The emperor ruled the kingdom like an authoritative

father who decides on everything and whose word must

be followed by everyone.

It is presumed that their soldiers were very

efficient because the Dynasty lasted for a long

time.

The Dynasty had numerous enemies, most of

them from the fringes of the kingdoms

boundaries.


9/18

Human sacrifices was probably practiced; a dead

Shang emperor was buried with his entire retinue.

The Shang people believed that upon his

death, the emperor became a god deserving

worship by the people.


10/18

The Chou period lasted for eight hundred sixty six

(866) years, from 1122 B.C. to 256 B.C.

Aside from the huge territorial expansion, the

Dynasty was known for the ideas that laid thefoundations for a bureaucratic form of government.

The Chou conquerors explained the reason for theirsupremacy as a mandate from heaven, a belief that

became the center of Chinese political thought.


11/18

According to this belief, Heaven grants the

emperor, the Son of Heaven, the right to rule as

long as he behaves properly and virtuously.

When the emperor behaves otherwise, the

mandate is withdrawn and the Heavens show thisthrough a series of calamities and natural disasters.

Another person may then be chosen as a

ruler.


12/18

The emperors duty was to ensure peace among the

nobles and the maintenance of the entire kingdom.

In the latter part of the Chou Dynasty, the

noblemen built more powerful kingdoms, and

initiated wars among themselves.

This created chaos in Chinese society.


13/18

Different thinkers attempted to restore peace and

order by teaching their philosophies.

The most popular of all Chinese scholars is

Confucius.

According to him, harmony in society is attained

only if the proper relationship between people is

restored and properly observed.


14/18

An individual should respect his superiors and

expect deference from those in the inferior rank.

According to Confucius, virtue is not given or

inherited.

Virtue is attained through education, and anyone

who wants to work for the government must work

toward a proper education.

Confucius followers wrote down his teachings

in the Five Classics and the Analects.CONFUCIUS


15/18

Another philosopher, Lao Tzu, blamed society for

the individuals behavior.

According to his philosophy, the laws and

traditions created by man forced the

individual person to live contrary to the

ways of nature, or the Tao, causing chaos

in society.

LAO TZU


16/18

According to Han Fei Tzu, the leading proponent of

the school is the Legalism, the most important

element is the state, and the welfare of the individualperson is subordinate to that of the state.

By 600 B.C, the power of the Chou Dynasty was

over, but the legacies of the Shang and Chou

Dynasties remain enduring traditions of the

Chinese people.

HAN FEI TZU


17/18

Among these are the notion of the importance of

the state, respect for elders and observance of

family relations (ultimately traceable to onesancestors), the system of writing, and an

education based on values.

China may be vast, with various cultures, but

these traditions unite the Chinese people

wherever and in whatever time they are.


18/18

END OF OURPRESENTATION

east asean civilization

Documents