Earthworm:ScienceàLifeàAnimalsàPage1of6Name Period

AReference:MacInvertebrateontheiMac.Ifyoudon’tfinish,usethesamecomputerandsignin.___I.ClassificationoftheEarthworm:KingdomAnimalia:Theyhavenocell_____, are______trophsand______cellularPhylumAnnelida:Annelidsaresegmentedwormsmeaningtheirbodyismadeupofsectionsandislongerthanitiswide.Annelidsareinvertebratesthataremoreadvancedthansponges,cnidaria(stinginganimals),flat-wormsandroundworms.Theirbodyhasbilateralsymmetry(right&leftside)andhascompleteorgansystemsincludinga2openingdigestivesystem.Theyresembleusinmanyways.Scientificname:Lumbricus terrestris, whichmeansWorm .II.External__A.Findthefollowing.Asyoufindeachpart,writeamemorynotesoyoucanfindthepartlater.

1.anteriorend 2.posteriorend 3.dorsalside 4.ventralside 5.segment 6.setae 7.prostomium 8.mouth 9.clitellum

__B.Countthesegments.Comparetoanother. Yours:Theirs:

__1.Prostomiumtoclitellum__________2.Intheclitellum__________3.Clitellumtothe posteriorend __________4.Sothetotalis ________

__C.Storage:

__1.Useadrytowel.Wrapburritostyle: a)Foldthewormonceinthemiddle b)Placewormontowelendorcorner. c)Foldtowelup;foldsidestowardthe centeroverworm. d)Rollup. e)Notape.__2.Writeyournameontheoutsidewhileitisdry.__3.Dipinwater.__4.Placeinthebagforyourclass.

__D.WatchEarthwormvideosinARKIVE. ScienceàLifeàAnimalsàARKIVEàSearch __Overview __Moving__E.Label.UsetermsinPartA.

--oraBurrito!

Earthworm:ScienceàLifeàAnimalsàPage2of6Name Period

III.TheDissection.A.Preparation:__1.Placeapieceofstyrofoamonyourdesk.Foldapapertowelsoitisatleast4layersand

placeitontopofyourstyrofoam.__2.Placetheanteriorendofyourearthwormonthetowel.Havedorsalsideup.__3.Locatethebloodvesselthatshowsthroughtheskinonthedorsalside(centerback).Mark

thebloodvesselwithink.Startattheclitellum.Mark2cmtowardtheposterior.READthisfirst!Initialattheendoftheparagraph.Yourcutsmustbedoneverycarefully.Pretendthatyouarecuttingasockoffofaverysorefoot.YOURscissorsshouldnottouchthefoot.Yourscissorpointshouldnottouchtheinternalpartsoryouwillruintheorgans.Cutonlyskin.Initial:_________B.TheCUTandPIN.__4.Usetheverypointofyourscissors,pointtowardtheinkmarkandputthelowerpointof

yourscissorsinthemouth.Maketinycuts,aboutonesegmentatatime,towardtheinkmark.Keepthescissorsupsoyoucutonlyskin.Cutuntilyouareabout2cmpasttheclitellum

__5.Holdapinasflataspossible,(seebelow)topinthroughthemouthintothepapertowel

layersandintothestyrofoam.

__6.Useanotherpintoholdtheskinwhileyoupeekinside.Noticethetissue(septum)holding

theskinclosed.READALLOFthis#6BEFOREGOINGON.Youwilluseapinasaminiatureknifetocuttheseptumtissuenexttotheskintoloosentheskin.Keepthepinveryclosetotheskinsoyoudon’tdamageanyorgans.Tryitonasmallsection.Thenread#7.

__7.Useanotherpin.Comeinflatfromthesidetopinthelooseskintothepapertoweland

styrofoam.Seebelow.__8.Continuetoloosenandpinsmallsectionsuntiltheearthwormispinnedout.Whendone

correctly,theorgansoftheearthwormwilllaystraightdownthecenterofthewormasinthedrawingbelow.

__9.Havechecked._________________10.Wheneveryourunoutoftime,UNPINyourwormandwraptheskinarounditfor

protection.Followdirectionsonthefirstpagetowrap,label,moisten&storetheworm.

Earthworm:ScienceàLifeàAnimalsàPage3of6Name PeriodIV.TheDigestiveSystem:(Systemsaremadeofo_____;organsoft______,andtissuesofc____.)

A.EmptyWorm:Thenextpageisan“emptyworm”drawing.Useitforyourdrawings. DrawONLYwhatyouidentifyandonlyasdirectedbelow.Label.B.DigestiveOrgans:

__1.Thefirstpartofthedigestivesystemistheopeningforfoodorthe_________Label.__2.Justpastthemouthisastringybump.Gentlytouchitwiththepointofapin.It should

beafirmmuscle.Thisisthepharynx.Itcoversfromsegment#___to#___.Thefunctionofthemuscularpharynx,justinsidethemouthisto__________________

__3.Drawanoutlinedrawingofthepharynxonthecorrectsegments.Label.

__4.Afterthepharynxaremanyorgans.DONOTDISTURBTHEMNOW.Thewhiteorlightgrayorgansarereproductiveorgans.Theesphagusorfoodtubeisunderthem.

__5.Wehaveanesophagusbetweenourmouthandstomach,withthesamefunction,whichisto________________.Leaveaspaceonyourdrawing.Labelitesophagus.

__6.Pasttheesophagusandwhiteorgansaretworoundedmoundswithabrownorblue

bloodvesselontop.Useapintotoucheachofthesemounds.Oneshouldbeathickmuscletogrindfood.Theotherissoftandforfoodstorage.Whichisfirst?__________.

__7.Abirdhasasimilarsystem.Abird’scropstoresfoodasiteats.Thefoodmovesontothegizzard,wherethemusclesqueezesthefoodwithtinyrocksorshells,grindingit.

__8.Thefirstmoundisthe_________,coveringsegments#___to#___.It________food.__9.Thesecondmoundisthe_________,coveringsegments#___to#___.It_______food.__10Drawtheoutlineofthecropandgizzardonthecorrectsegments.Labelboth.__11.Wehave______togrindourfood.Our__________mixesfoodwithdigestivejuice.

__12.Next,andfortherestoftheearthworm,isabrownishtube,theintestine.Thereshouldbeabloodvesselontop.Drawtheoutlineoftheintestine.Label.__13.Ifyoucuttheintestine,thefoodlookslikesoil,becausethatiswhattheearthwormeats.

Iteatsitswaythroughthesoil.Thedigestivejuicedissolvespartsoforganisms(mostlydead)forfood.Theundigested“earth”movesonthroughthewormandouttheanus.(Ifyoudidaperfectjobofdissectingyourworm,youseeno“earth”.Makeacut,orlookaround.)Earthwormsare“Nature’sGreatCultivatorsandAeratorsofSoil”astheirtunnelsalloww_____anda____intothesoil—exactlywhatotherorganismsneed.

__14.Ourfoodandtheearthworm’sfoodmustbedigestedtoaliquidformbeforeitcanenter

theb______cellstothenbedeliveredtobodycells.Manytinybloodvesselsgobytheintestinetopickupfood.Whenthefoodmovesintothebloodcells,wesayitisabsorbed.Whenitgetstothebodycells,itisusedto“burn”thefood,whichiscellularrespiration.Anythingthatdoesn’tgetdigestedismovedoutorexcretedasfeces.Excretionmeansremovalofsweat,urineandcarbondioxide,butitcanbeusedforfeces.

__15.Explaineachprocesswithoutusingtheterm.(Donotwrite“todigestfood”.) a)Digestion_______________________________________________________ b)Absorption_____________________________________________________ c)Excretion_______________________________________________________ d)Respiration_____________________________________________________

Earthworm:ScienceàLifeàAnimalsàPage4of6Name Period“EmptyWorm”DrawingPage

Earthworm:ScienceàLifeàAnimalsàPage5of6Name Period

V.CirculatorySystem,ExcretorySystemandRespiratorySystem:__1.WatchtheEarthwormHeartVideo.ScienceàLifeàAnimals__2.Insteadofaheart,theearthwormhasfivepairofpumpsthatfitaroundtheesophagus

like5tinyarches.Theyareaorticarches.Theyaretinyblueorgraytearshaped.Somewillbelargeandfullofblood.Thosethatjustpumpedwillbethin.

__3.Carefullyuseapintolookbetweeninfrontofandunderthewhitereproductiveorgans.

Theyarebetweentheseptumtissuethatyoucutearlier.Drawatleastoneaorticarchinthecorrectsegmentofyour“emptyworm”drawing.Label.

__4.Theaorticarchesconnectthetopor___________bloodvesseltothebottomor

________bloodvessel.Thedorsalbloodvesselistheoneyousawthroughtheskin.Theventralbloodvesselisundertheintestine.Rolltheintestineasidetofindtheventralbloodvessel.Itshouldbeverydelicateandbrownish—notwhite.Thewhitecordisthenervecordthatleadsfromthebraintoeverysegmentoftheearthworm.

__5.Thebloodiscarriedtoallpartsofthebodybytinybloodvesselscalledcapillariesthatare

toosmalltosee.Eachcellispassedbyacapillary.Thebloodinthecapillarytakesf________ando________toeachcell.

__6.ExcretorySystem:Thebloodalsopicksupwastes,includingwaterandc_________

__________.Therearetinycoilednephridia(kidneys)throughoutthewormthatcollectliquidwastesandmovethemout.

__7..RespiratorySystem:Carbondioxide-oxygenexchangeisthroughtheskintotheblood

cellsinthetinycapillaries.Moistmucousontheskintrapsoxygenforthebloodcellstotaketothebodycells,whichiswhyearthwormsmustalwaysbemoist.Earthwormscomeoutofthegroundmostlyatnightwhentheairismoist.Theycanbreathforashorttimeunderwater,butwillcomeupwhenthesoilissoakedbyrain.Somesaytheyfindanewplacetolive,otherssaytheycomeupsotheywon’tdrown.Inanycase,manygetstranded.

Aftertheoxygenispickedupbythebloodcells,capillariestakeoxygentoeachbodycell.

Theoxygenandthefoodcombinetoreleasee_____________.W andcarbon arealsoreleased.

Earthworm:ScienceàLifeàAnimalsàPage6of6Name Period

VI.ReproductiveSystem:__1.WatchtheEarthwormHatchingVideo.ScienceàLifeàAnimalsàEarthwormHatchingVideo__2.Theearthwormisanhermpahrodite,whichmeans______________________________.__3.Earthwormseggsmustbefertilizedbyadifferentworm.Bothwormslayeggswhichare

fertilizedbyspermfromanotherworm.Thereproductiveorgansarethewhiteorgansaroundtheesophagus.Theclitellumsecretesasubstancewhichdriesaroundeggsandspermtoformacocoon.Fertilizationtakesplaceinthecocoonthatholdstheyoungwhiletheydevelopinthesoil.

VII.NervousSystem:

__1.Thewhitenervecordisunderalloftheorgans.Finditundertheintestine.Itcarries

messagestoandfromthebrain.__2.Thenervecordhaslargelumpscalledganglia(singularisganglion).Tofindthem,inserta

pinunderthenervecordandgentlyliftitslightly.Donotstretch.__3.Usescissorstocutit2places,2cmapart.Moveittoapuddleofwateronyourtable.__4.Youshouldnowbeabletoseethelargergangliaandsomenervebranches.Each

segmenthasoneganglionwhichisasub-brainor“trafficcop”.Draw3gangliaonyour“emptyworm”besidetheintestine.Label.

__5.Eachganglionhasbranchestoitssegmentandsetae.Theearthworm’smusclesand

setaemustworktogethertomove.Theearthwormmovesina“wave”motionusingitssetaefor___________.

__6.Whenthenervecordreachesthepharynxitsplitsina“Y”likeanecklaceandgoes

aroundtomeetatthebrain.Thebrainsitsonthepharynxlike2smallheadlights.Addthebraintoyourdrawing.Label.Theskinisasenseorgan.

__7.Theearthwormssenseorgansareitsprostomiumanditsskin.Youmaybeabletosee

thebranchesgoingforwardfromthebraintothe“lip”orprostomium.Whatisthefunctionoftheprostomium?______________________________________________