earthquakes and mountain building presented by mrs.tonya
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Earthquakes and Mountain Building Presented by Mrs.Tonya](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649e605503460f94b5b32d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Earthquakes and Mountain Building
Presented by Mrs.Tonya
![Page 2: Earthquakes and Mountain Building Presented by Mrs.Tonya](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649e605503460f94b5b32d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Layers of the EarthCrust
Mantle
Outer CoreInner Core
![Page 3: Earthquakes and Mountain Building Presented by Mrs.Tonya](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649e605503460f94b5b32d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Crust
• 20 miles thick below continents
• 6.5 miles thick below oceans
• Thin outer layer that surrounds the mantle
• Rocky and brittle• Less than 1% of
earth’s volume
![Page 4: Earthquakes and Mountain Building Presented by Mrs.Tonya](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649e605503460f94b5b32d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Mantle
• 1,800 miles thick• Mostly solid but can
slowly deform(plastic)• 84% of earth’s
volume• 1000oC
![Page 5: Earthquakes and Mountain Building Presented by Mrs.Tonya](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649e605503460f94b5b32d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Core
Inner Core• 758 miles in radius• Solid • 4300oC
Outer Core• 1,400 miles thick• Liquid layer• 3700oC
![Page 6: Earthquakes and Mountain Building Presented by Mrs.Tonya](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649e605503460f94b5b32d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Math Trivia
• The crust is 1% of the earth’s volume and the mantle is 84% of the earth’s volume. What percentage of the earth’s volume is the core?
Answer: 15%
![Page 7: Earthquakes and Mountain Building Presented by Mrs.Tonya](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649e605503460f94b5b32d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Egg Model
![Page 8: Earthquakes and Mountain Building Presented by Mrs.Tonya](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649e605503460f94b5b32d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Tectonic Plates
• Pieces of the crust and uppermost mantle that make up the lithosphere
• Interconnecting pieces that fit together like a puzzle
![Page 9: Earthquakes and Mountain Building Presented by Mrs.Tonya](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649e605503460f94b5b32d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Is it possible that all of the continents were connected to
form one landmass? Tectonic plate activity
![Page 10: Earthquakes and Mountain Building Presented by Mrs.Tonya](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649e605503460f94b5b32d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Theory
• Similar species (fossils)
• Matching layers of rock
• Coastlines appearing to fit together
![Page 11: Earthquakes and Mountain Building Presented by Mrs.Tonya](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649e605503460f94b5b32d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Movement of tectonic plates
• Caused by convection currents(theory)
• 3 types of movement
![Page 12: Earthquakes and Mountain Building Presented by Mrs.Tonya](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649e605503460f94b5b32d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Normal fault
• Tectonic plates are moving apart
• Lithosphere is stretching
![Page 13: Earthquakes and Mountain Building Presented by Mrs.Tonya](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649e605503460f94b5b32d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Reverse fault
• Tectonic plates are moving towards one another
![Page 14: Earthquakes and Mountain Building Presented by Mrs.Tonya](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649e605503460f94b5b32d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Strike Slip fault
• Tectonic plates slide past one another
![Page 15: Earthquakes and Mountain Building Presented by Mrs.Tonya](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649e605503460f94b5b32d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
What causes mountains to be formed?
• 2 tectonic plates collide
• Slabs pile into one another
• Causes crust to deform and elevate
• Oreo demo
![Page 16: Earthquakes and Mountain Building Presented by Mrs.Tonya](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649e605503460f94b5b32d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
What causes a volcano?
• 2 tectonic plates collide• 1 plate boundary is
subducted or forced deeper into earth
• Causes other slab to fold deeply
• Hot magma can seep to surface of earth
• Spreading of two plates can cause hot magma to rise to surface
![Page 17: Earthquakes and Mountain Building Presented by Mrs.Tonya](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649e605503460f94b5b32d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
What causes an earthquake?
• The release of stored up energy as the plates move past each other
• The energy moves outward from the fault in all directions in the form of waves
• When the waves reach the earth’s surface this causes the ground to shake
![Page 18: Earthquakes and Mountain Building Presented by Mrs.Tonya](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649e605503460f94b5b32d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Primary waves
• Compression waves
• Push and pull
• Slinky demo
• The fastest seismic wave
![Page 19: Earthquakes and Mountain Building Presented by Mrs.Tonya](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649e605503460f94b5b32d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Secondary waves
• Shear waves
• Side to side motion
• Slinky demo
• Slower than primary wave
![Page 20: Earthquakes and Mountain Building Presented by Mrs.Tonya](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649e605503460f94b5b32d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Love waves
• Surface waves
• Cause the most damage to buildings
• Travel the slowest of all seismic waves
![Page 21: Earthquakes and Mountain Building Presented by Mrs.Tonya](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649e605503460f94b5b32d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
How far is the earthquake?
• Detect p-waves and s-waves on a seismograph
• Calculate difference between waves
![Page 22: Earthquakes and Mountain Building Presented by Mrs.Tonya](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649e605503460f94b5b32d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• Calculate distance to earthquake
• Distance = rate X time
• Example
You are traveling 30 miles/hour and you travel for 2 hours. What distance have you traveled?
Distance = (30 miles/hour)x(2 hours)
= 60 miles
![Page 23: Earthquakes and Mountain Building Presented by Mrs.Tonya](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649e605503460f94b5b32d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
3 locations to determine where earthquake is located
![Page 24: Earthquakes and Mountain Building Presented by Mrs.Tonya](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081603/56649e605503460f94b5b32d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Math Trivia
• The Himalayan Mountains formed when the Indian Plate crashed into the Eurasian Plate. Today the two plates are still colliding and the Himalayas continue to rise. If the first person climbed Everest in 1953 and the mountains grow about .5 inches per year. How many more inches would you have to climb if you climbed Everest in 2009?
Answer: 28 inches