earthing and lightning protection - energosfera.lt · marciniak – left and development lab as...
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Earthing and lightningprotection
Contents
About us 2
Building industry – system solutions 4
Power industry – system solutions 6
Telecommunications – system solutions 8
Petroleum plants – system solutions 10
Galmar lightning protection based on copper conductors 12
Galmar lightning protection is based on copper-bonded steel conductors and galvanized, enamel coated steel clamps 13
New standard in the earthing system 14
Galmar earthing system 15
Galmar Resistivity 29
Conductors 30
Galmar lightning protection 34
Galconnect system 45
Galmarweld system 48
Lightning protection – theory 65
Galmar products quality 69
Index 74
Rev. 2013.07.31
www.galmar.pl2
Galmar head office and laboratories
About us
Copper tape automatic production line
Galmar is the manufacturer of the highest quality Earthing and Lightning protection systems, with long standing experience of the Polish and international markets. The company was established in 1969 and remains in the family hands. As a result of technology founded by Galmar enabling copper bonding of rods, tapes and wires with 30 years guaranteed durability against corrosion; Galmar is pioneer of new quality in earthing system.
As a result of intensive company deve-lopment Galmar serve countries all around the world, for example: Algeria, Australia, Belarus, Belgium, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Holland, Latvia, Libya, Lithuania, Malaysia, Morocco, Ne-therlands, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Sweden, Thailand, Tunisia, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates and United States.
Galmar owns big production plant with the latest technology for production of cop-per-bonded steel rods, copper-bonded steel tapes and wires, copper tapes and acces-sories for earthing and lightning protection. In June 2007 the automatic line for copper-bonding of rods and tapes for the installation of earthing and lightning protection has been installed.
Galmar concentrates on the highest quality of the products and owns not only the production plant but the research
Production plant of total area 30 000 m2
Automatic line for copper-plating steel rods to get a copper layer thickness of 0.250 mm
Line for copper-plating steel conductorsto get a copper layer thickness of 0.070 mm
www.galmar.pl 3
Simulation of lightning strike into GSM tower at Galmar high voltage laboratory
About us
Consultants of Galmar company: prof. Zdobyslaw Flisowski – in the center, dr Marek Loboda – right, Managing Director of Galmar Poland Mr. Robert Marciniak – left
and development lab as well. The Earthing and Lightning Protection Centre is helpful du-ring the training and conducting researches for draftsmen, engineers, contractors related to Earthing and Lightning protection. The Centre consists of high voltage laboratory, earthing system laboratory and corrosion resistance of materials.
As a part of its activity Centre carries out lightning discharge simulation using high-voltage generator, participates in re- gistration program of atmospheric dis- charge in the area of Poland, examines soil resistivity and the resistance of the rods in different soil types, carries out the chemical composition test for the materials, having ap-plication in earthing and lightning protection, in their own chemical laboratory as well as in the independent research centers. This is possible thanks to continuous cooperation with Prof. Zdobyslaw Flisowski – patron of our research Centre, Dr. Marek Loboda, who supervises research projects, seminars, trainings and the team of con-sultants. The main task of the consultants is to help our Customers with the products selection and designing of Earthing and Lightning Protection.
Since the establishment of the company our main target is constant improvement of the quality of our products, and providing our clients full technical support by connec-ting our experience with the creativity of our young engineers.
Polish designing team providing support to the customers
Simulation of lightning strike into pole at Galmar high voltage laboratory
www.galmar.pl4
Building industry – system solutions
www.galmar.pl 5
Building industry – system solutions
Galmar conductors
Galmar lightning protection
Galmar earth rods
Galmar earthing system
www.galmar.pl6
Power industry – system solutions
www.galmar.pl 7
Power industry – system solutions
Galmar Resistivity
Galmarweld system
Galconnect system
Galmar earth rods
Galmar earthing system
Galmar conductors
www.galmar.pl8
Telecommunications – system solutions
www.galmar.pl 9
Telecommunications – system solutions
Galmar Resistivity
Galmarweld system
Galconnect system
Galmar earth rods
Galmar earthing system
Galmar conductors
www.galmar.pl10
Petroleum plants – system solutions
www.galmar.pl 11
Petroleum plants – system solutions
Galmarweld system
Galmar conductors
Galmar Resistivity
Galmar earth rods
Galmar earthing system
www.galmar.pl12
Galmar lightning protection based on copper conductors
1fastening holder on ridge tileG115 64M
2 roof holder for universal useG115 68M
3 roof conductor holderG117 11
4 gutter clampG115 45M
5multipurpose connection clamp for universal useG115 51M
6antenna mast clampingG116 14
7pipe bondG115 13
8 wall clampG117 03M
9wall clamp for tapeG117 51M
10 test joint clamp wire to tapeG115 62M
11 copper wire G111 03
12 copper tape G110 03
13 Galmar vertical copper-bonded wrought rods with sealing-strengthening bushG000 85
Galmar vertical earthing rodG100 12
15 skew clamp conductor to conductor G103 30N
14
or
Galmar inspection pitG114 04
www.galmar.pl 13
1fastening holder on ridge tileG115 64A
2roof holder for universal useG115 68A
3 roof conductor holderG117 11
4 gutter clampG115 45A
5multipurpose connection clamp for universal useG115 51A
6 antenna mast clampingG116 14
7pipe bondG115 13
8 wall clampG117 03A
9 wall clamp for tapeG117 51A
10 test joint clamp wire to tapeG115 62A
11 copper-bonded steel wireG111 49
12 copper-bonded steel tapeG110 74
13Galmar vertical copper-bonded wrought rods with sealing-strengthening bushG000 85
Galmar vertical earthing rodG100 12
15 skew clamp conductor to conductor G103 30N
14
or
Galmar inspection pitG114 02
Galmar lightning protection is based on copper-bonded steel conductors and galvanized, enamel coated steel clamps
www.galmar.pl14
New standard in the earthing system
We encourage you to get familiar with our new Galmar product – innovative and unique, the-reby providing an effective and efficient solution. Copper-bonded steel tape, with a thickness of copper layer 0.070 mm, in combination with copper-bonded steel earth rods of copper thickness 0.250 mm – a reliable, complete solution for earthing system and an economical substitution for copper conductors, thereby meeting the same requirements for corrosion resistance and that too at the a better price.
Standard productCopper-bonded steel earth rodwith 0.250 mm (min.) copper thickness
New productCopper-bonded steel tape and wirewith a thickness of copper layer 0.070 mm (min.)
Importance of copper coating:Why copper thickness of 0.250 mm for copper-bonded steel earth rod?
In case of copper-bonded steel earth rods, copper coating of minimum 0.250 mm is very essential because the rods are driven vertically inside the ground and thereby experiencing high mechanical stress from its surrounding materials like stones and pebbles, which can result into loss of copper coating of about 0.150 mm. Thus, even after installation, the copper-bonded rods will have a copper coating of 0.100 mm, which is technically sufficient for protection against corrosion. That’s the reason why is very much essential for copper-bonded earth rods to have minimum copper thickness of 0.250 mm.
Why copper thickness of 0.070 mm for copper-bonded steel tape and wire?In case of copper-bonded steel tape or wire, copper coating of 0.070 mm is technically well-justified and efficient because generally, from
earthing point of view, the conductor is installed horizontally in the trenches and thereby experiencing less mechanical stress (as compared to vertically driven copper-bonded rods) from its surrounding materials like stones, pebbles, etc. Thus, owing to the same reason, copper thickness of 0.070 mm is sufficient enough for copper-bonded tape and wire to resist corrosion effectively and thereby providing longer performance period.
www.galmar.pl 15
Threaded coupling dimensions (hexagonal shape)
Diameter of rodinch
Material
bronze1/2
5/8
3/4
G104 11
G104 12
G104 13
Cat. no.
0.09
0.08
0.13
Weightkg
Galmar vertical rods
Typeof threadinch
Diameterof rodmm
Lengthof threadmm
Rod length* Cat. no.Material
steel
copper bonded
to thickness
of 0.250 mm
1/2
5/8
3/4
12.8
14.2
17.2
30
30
34
4
5
6
8
10
4
5
6
8
10
4
5
6
8
10
1.2
1.5
1.8
2.4
3
1.2
1.5
1.8
2.4
3
1.2
1.5
1.8
2.4
3
G100 01
G100 02
G100 03
G100 04
G100 05
G100 11
G100 12
G100 13
G100 14
G100 15
G100 21
G100 22
G100 23
G100 24
G100 25
1.20
1.50
1.80
2.40
3.00
1.50
1.80
2.30
3.12
3.80
2.20
2.75
3.40
4.35
5.44
feet m
Weightkg
* for special orders we supply different rod lengths up to 3 m
Galmar vertical copper-bonded earth rods, threadedThey are made of molecularly bonded 99.9% pure electrolytic copper onto a low carbon steel
core. The steel core is a bar drawn to the required diameter. Galmar rods are highly resistant to corrosion, and because the steel used has a high tensile strength 600 N/mm2, they can be driven by vibrohammers to great depths. The copper jacket is 0.250 mm thick at all points and it ensures a life expectancy of greater than 30 years.
The threads at the tips of a rod are rolled after copper bonding process, and both steel and copper are rolled into the thread, making it exceptionally strong.
Connection of the rods using threaded coupling comply with the requirements of EN 62561-2 „Lightning protection components (LPSC). Requirements for conductors and earth electrodes”.
Threaded earth rod dimensions
Galmar earthing system
Tip
Driving head
Coupling
Rod
Coupling
Rod
Diameter of rodinch
Cat. no.Material
brass1/2
5/8
3/4
G104 01
G104 02
G104 03
Weightkg
0.13
0.12
0.17
Threaded coupling dimensions
www.galmar.pl16
Galmar earthing system
Pointed hardened steel tip dimensions
steel1/2
5/8
3/4
G106 01
G106 02
G106 03
0.04
0.04
0.05
Diameter of rodinch
Material Cat. no.Weightkg
Driving head dimensions
steel1/2
5/8
3/4
G108 01
G108 02
G108 03
0.05
0.08
0.12
Diameter of rodinch
Material Weightkg
Cat. no.
Tup for Galmar threaded copper-bonded earth rodTup is to carry percussive hammer oscillations on driving head for Galmar threaded copper- -bonded earth rod (for hammers with SDS-Max fitting only)
1/2
1/2
5/8; 3/4
G109 07
G109 08
G109 01
Cat. no.Kind of driving head
1.70
1.35
1.35
without a hole
with a hole
with a hole
Weightkg
Tup for driving headinch
www.galmar.pl 17
Galmar earthing system
Galmar vertical copper-bonded wrought rod with sealing-strengthening bushThe 99.9% pure electrolytic copper bonded onto a drawn steel to a thickness of min 0.250 mm
forms molecular and inseparable connection with the steel. The steel core has a high tensile strength of 600 N/mm2.
One end of the rod has decreased diameter by hot forging what guarantees the same thickness of the copper layer on the whole length of the rod. The other end has a hole which enables the connection between the rods to increase the length.
The connection of the rods is protected by sealing bush made of stainless steel which provides an additional mechanical strength to the connection. The bush levels potential deformations of the feather key that form during the grounding. The rod pin is made by hot forging what hardened the bolt. Therefore there is no need to use the tip. Connection of the rods comply with the requirements of EN 62561-2 „Lightning protection components (LPSC). Requirements for conductors and earth electrodes”.
To drive the wrought rod into the ground, the driving stud and tup for mechanical driving or tup for hand driving must be used.
The bush advantage:– sealing the pin-feather key connection,– strengthening the mechanical connection,– eliminating the potential feather key deformations.
Galmar vertical copper-bonded wrought rod with sealing-strengthening bush
Diameter of rodmm
Cat. no.
G000 72
G000 75
G000 86
G000 85
Material
steel copper bonded
to thickness of 0.250 mm,
sealing strengthening steel bush
14.2
17.2
Lengthm
1.2
1.5
1.2
1.5
Weightkg
1.50
1.90
2.14
2.68
Cat. no.Application
for mechanical driving using hammers with
SDS Max fastening
for hand driving
for mechanical driving with Hilti TE 905 and TE 1000
for mechanical driving using hammers with
SDS Max fastening
for hand driving
for mechanical driving with Hilti TE 905 and TE 1000
14.2
17.2
G109 75
G109 76
G109 77
G109 85
G109 86
G109 87
Diameter of rodmm
Weightkg
0.37
0.24
1.31
0.39
0.21
1.28
Tup for Galmar wrought rodTup for Galmar wrought rod transfers vibrations from the percussive hammer or hand hammer onto earth rod core through the driving stud placed in the feather key of the rod
cat. no. G109 75cat. no. G109 85cat. no. G109 76cat. no. G109 86
cat. no. G109 77cat. no. G109 87
Driving stud for Galmar wrought rodDriving stud is to transfer the vibrations from the tup to earth rod. It should be placed in the feather key of the rod and should be beaten using the hammer
steel14.2
17.2
G108 75
G108 85
0.04
0.07
Diameter of rodmm
Material Weightkg
Cat. no.
Rod
Sealing--strengtheningbush
Rod
www.galmar.pl18
Galmar vertical copper-bonded earth rods, unthreadedThey are made by molecularly bonding 99.9% pure electrolytic copper onto a low carbon
steel core. The steel core is a bar drawn to the required diameter. Galmar rods are highly resistant to corrosion, and because the used steel has a high tensile strength 600 N/mm2, they can be driven by vibrohammers to great depths. The copper jacket is 0.250 mm thick at all points and it ensures a life expectancy of greater than 30 years.
Connection of the rods using unthreaded coupling comply with the requirements of EN 62561-2 „Lightning protection components (LPSC). Requirements for conductors and earth electrodes”. This type of rods is intended to be driven at the depth of 4 metres maximum.
Unthreaded earth rods dimensions
Diameter of rodmm
Rod length* Cat. no.Material
steel copper bonded
to thickness of 0.250 mm
steel copper bonded
to thickness of 0.150 mm
12.8
14.2
17.2
9.6
4
5
6
8
10
4
5
6
8
10
4
5
6
8
10
4
5
1.2
1.5
1.8
2.4
3
1.2
1.5
1.8
2.4
3
1.2
1.5
1.8
2.4
3
1.2
1.5
G000 01
G000 03
G000 06
G000 07
G000 08
G000 44
G000 11
G000 48
G000 13
G000 35
G000 16
G000 19
G000 20
G000 21
G000 23
G000 27
G000 37
1.20
1.50
1.80
2.40
3.00
1.50
1.90
2.30
3.12
3.80
2.20
2.75
3.40
4.35
5.44
0.65
0.83
feet m
Weightkg
* for special orders we supply different rod lengths up to 3 m and different rod diameter up to 18 mm
Unthreaded coupling dimensions
Diameter of rodmm
Cat. no.Material
brass12.8
14.2
17.2
G104 04
G104 07
G104 10
Weightkg
0.16
0.14
0.27
Tip
Driving head
Rod
Coupling
Rod
Galmar earthing system
Cat. no.Material
copper bonded steel,
stainless steel bush
wire ∅ 8
wire ∅ 10
tape 25 x 4
tape 30 x 4
G103 43
G103 44
G103 45
G103 46
Conductor sizemm
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.12
Weightkg
Application
wrought rod
∅ 17.2 mm
Tightened clamp for wrought rod diameter 17.2 mm to wire or tapeClamp equipped with stainless steel sealing-strengthening bush and tape protecting the connec-tion from the soil corrosion
cat. no. G103 43cat. no. G103 44
cat. no. G103 45cat. no. G103 46
www.galmar.pl 19
Galmar vertical copper-bonded earth rod unthreaded with tipThey are made by molecularly bonding 99.9% pure electrolytic copper onto a low carbon
steel core. The copper jacket is 0.250 mm thick at all points. Steel has a high tensile strength 600 N/mm2. One end of the rod is pointed to facilitate driving manually.
Galmar vertical copper-bonded earth rod unthreaded with tipDiameter of rodmm
Rod length Cat. no.Material
steel copper bonded
to thickness
of 0.250 mm
14.2
17.2
3.28
5
6.56
10
3.28
5
6.56
10
1
1.5
2
3
1
1.5
2
3
G000 38M
G000 11M
G000 14M
G000 35M
G000 64M
G000 19M
G000 22M
G000 23M
1.20
1.80
2.40
3.80
1.83
2.75
3.66
5.44
feet m
Weightkg
Diameter of rodmm
Cat. no.Material
bronze12.8
14.2
17.2
G104 16BG
G104 14BG
G104 15BG
Weightkg
0.14
0.12
0.19
Diameter of rodmm
Cat. no.Material
steel12.8
14.2
17.2
G109 04
G109 05
G109 06
Weightkg
0.25
0.22
0.27
Unthreaded coupling dimensions
Tups for unthreaded earth rod dimensions
Diameter of rodmm
Cat. no.Material
steel12.8
14.2
17.2
G106 07
G106 08
G106 09
Weightkg
0.10
0.16
0.24
Unthreaded tip for hard soils dimensions
Galmar earthing system
www.galmar.pl20
Vertical stainless steel and solid copper earth rodsDue to high resistance to corrosion, both stainless steel and solid copper earth rods
are used in applications where soil is aggressive, pH value is below 3 or above 8. In such conditions, applications of these types of rods guarantee constant resistance for many years.
Connection of the rods using coupling dowel comply with the requirements of EN 62561-2 „Lightning protection components (LPSC). Requirements for conductors and earth electrodes”. This type of rods is intended to be driven at the depth of 4.5 metres maximum.
Accessories for vertical stainless steel earth rods
driving stud
coupling dowel
spike
G108 51
G104 51
G106 51
Accessories Cat. no.Material
0.02stainless steel
Weightkg
Solid copper earth rod dimensions
Material
copper14
15
16
20
G100 98
G101 02
G101 28
G101 03
Cat. no.
1.5
1.2
1.2
1.2
2.15
1.88
2.24
3.35
Weightkg
Lengthm
Diametermm
Stainless steel earth rod dimensions
Material
stainless steel14 G100 51
Cat. no.
1.5 1.70
Weightkg
Lengthm
Diametermm
Accessories for vertical solid copper earth rods
driving stud for rod dia. 14 16 mm
driving stud for rod dia. 20 mm
coupling dowel for rod dia. 14 16 mm
coupling dowel for rod dia. 20 mm
spike for rod dia. 14 16 mm
spike for rod dia. 20 mm
G108 98
G108 97
G104 98
G104 97
G106 98
G106 97
Accessories Cat. no.Material
0.02
0.05
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.04
stainless steel
Weightkg
Driving stud
Spike
Rod
Couplingdowel
Rod
Galmar earthing system
www.galmar.pl 21
Galmar earthing system
Earth plates
Earth plate
1000 x 1000 x 3
600 x 600 x 1.5
900 x 900 x 1.5
600 x 600 x 3
900 x 900 x 3
1000 x 1000 x 3
G110 43
G110 44
G110 45
G110 46
G110 47
G110 43S
Cat. no.Material
26.70
5.00
11.20
10.00
22.00
24.00
copper
steel copper bonded
to thickness of 0.070 mm
Weightkg
Sizemm
Earth plate – lattice copper
600 x 600 x 3
900 x 900 x 3
G110 48
G110 49
Cat. no.Material
4.00
7.20
copper
Weightkg
Sizemm
Clamps
Rod to conductor clampsRod to cable clamp – suitable for use with circular copper conductor
Dimensions Conductormaterial
St/Cu or Cu3/8
1/2
5/8; 3/4
G103 13
G103 17
G103 18
Cat. no.
9.6
12.8
14.2; 17.2
0.03
0.05
0.06
rod St/Cu
inch
6 35
16 50
16 95
wire/cablemm2
Weightkg
mm
Material
bronze,
copper bolt
Rod to tape clamp – suitable for use with copper or copper-bonded steel tape
Dimensions Conductormaterial
St/Cu or Cu1/2
5/8
3/4
1/2
1/2
5/8
5/8
5/8
5/8
3/4
3/4
G103 14
G103 06
G103 07
G103 15
G103 08
G103 09
G103 10
G103 19
G103 16
G103 21
G103 22
Cat. no.
12.8
12.8
12.8
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
0.15
0.15
0.23
0.15
0.15
0.23
0.24
0.30
0.15
0.15
0.23
rod St/Cu
26 x 8
26 x 12
26 x 20
26 x 8
26 x 12
26 x 18
40 x 12
51 x 8
26 x 10
26 x 12
26 x 18
tapemm
Weightkg
mminch
Material
bronze,
copper bolt
Note: Clamps buried underground should be protected with Denso tape (see page 26).
www.galmar.pl22
Galmar earthing system
Note: Clamps buried underground should be protected with Denso tape (see page 26).
„U” bolt rod clamps„U” bolt rod clamp enables to connect earth rod to copper or copper-bonded steel tape. „U” bolt threaded M10
Dimensions Material
bronze,
copper bolt
1/2
3/4
5/8
G103 81
G103 82
G103 83
Cat. no.
12.8
17.2
14.2
0.20
0.20
0.26
rod St/Cu
≤ 25
tape widthparallel to rodmm
tape width squarely to rodmm
25 40
25 40
25 40
Weightkg
inch mm
Conductormaterial
St/Cu
or Cu
„U” bolt rod to cable clamp enables to connect earth rod to cable
Dimensions Conductormaterial
St/Cu
or Cu
5/8
3/4
5/8
3/4
G103 84
G103 85
G103 86
G103 87
Cat. no.
14.2
17.2
14.2
17.2
0.39
rod St/Cu
16 95
16 70
70 185
70 150
cablemm2
Weightkg
inch mm
Material
bronze,
copper bolt
Cruciform clampsCruciform clamp – profile, bolted M10 with stainless steel separator, to connect rod to galva-nized tape or circular conductor (with stainless steel separator inside protecting from corrosion between copper and zinc when different metals are connected)
Cruciform clamp – profile, bolted M8 with stainless steel separator, to connect rod to galvani-zed tape or circular conductor (with stainless steel separator inside protecting from corrosion between copper and zinc when different metals are connected)
Dimensions
rod St/Cumm
12.8; 14.2
17.2
40
40
28 78
28 78
G103 32N
G103 33N
stainless steel,
stainless steel
bolts M10
tapemm
wire/cablemm2
Cat. no.Material
0.31
Weightkg
St/Cu
or Cu
Conductormaterial
Dimensions
rod St/Cumm
12.8; 14.2
17.2
36
36
28 78
28 78
G103 95N
G103 96N
stainless steel,
stainless steel
bolts M8
tapemm
wire/cablemm2
Cat. no.Material
0.23
Weightkg
St/Cu
or Cu
Conductormaterial
cat. no. G103 81cat. no. G103 82
cat. no. G103 83
www.galmar.pl 23
Galmar earthing system
Skew clampsSkew clamp universal, with stainless steel separator, to connect rod to tape or circular conductor (with stainless steel separator inside protecting from corrosion between copper and zinc when different metals are connected)
Skew clamp, with stainless steel separator, to connect rod to tape parallel or squarely. Clamp ensures good contact of rod and tape
Skew clamp rod-rod to connect copper or copper-plated rod to copper or copper-plated rod
Terminal clampTerminal clamp – flat, bolted 2 x M10, with stainless steel separator inside, enables to connect rod to tape. Stainless steel separator inside protects from corrosion between copper and zinc when different metals are connected
tape parallelor squarelyto rodmm
wire/cable parallel or squarely to rodmm2
12.8; 14.2
17.2
30
30
28 78
28 78
G103 28N
G103 29N
stainless steel,
stainless steel
bolts M8
rod St/Cumm
Dimensions Cat. no.Material
0.15
Weightkg
tape parallel or squarely to rodmm
12.8; 14.2
17.2
40
40
G103 78N
G103 79N
stainless steel,
stainless steel
bolts M8
rod St/Cu mm
Dimensions Cat. no.Material
0.14
Weightkg
12.8; 14.2
17.2
12.8; 14.2
17.2
G103 69N
G103 70N
stainless steel,
stainless steel
bolts M8
rod St/Cumm
rod St/Cumm
Dimensions Cat. no.Material
0.15
Weightkg
tapemm
12.8; 14.2
17.2
40
40
G103 72N
G103 73N
stainless steel,
stainless steel
bolts M10
rod St/Cumm
Dimensions Cat. no.Material
0.14
Weightkg
Screwed clamp for threaded earth rodsMade of brass, enables to connect threaded rod to circular copper conductor of size up to 63 sqmm (diameter up to 9 mm). Recommended mostly for cables. It is recommended to protect screwed brass clamps from humidity with thermoshrinkable shield (see page 27)
cablemm2
wiremm
5/8
3/4
63
63
∅ 9
∅ 9
G103 52
G103 53
brass
Dimensions Cat. no.Material
14.2
17.2
rod St/Cu
inch mm
0.12
0.17
Weightkg
St/Cu or Cu
Conductormaterial
www.galmar.pl24
Galmar earthing system
Cruciform clampsCruciform clamp to connect conductor to conductor, bolted M10. Clamp enabling connection of two conductors
Cruciform clamp to connect conductor to conductor, bolted M8. Clamp enabling connection of two conductors
Skew clamp, flat, to connect tape with tape, bolted 2 x M8
Skew clampsSkew clamp universal to connect rod to tape or circular conductor (with stainless steel separator inside protecting from corrosion between copper and zinc when different metals are connected)
Earth clamp of the suspension strandFor galvanic connection of insulated suspension strand of cable with earthing conductor and to connect suspension strands together
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
Dimensions
A
Cat. no.Material
B
wire Cu or St/Zn
28 78 mm2
tape Cu or St/Zn
to 40 mm
wire Cu or St/Zn
28 78 mm2
tape Cu or St/Zn
to 40 mm
G103 42Nstainless steel,
stainless steel
bolts M10
Weightkg
0.31
Dimensions
A
Cat. no.Material
B
wire Cu or St/Zn
28 78 mm2
tape Cu or St/Zn
to 36 mm
wire Cu or St/Zn
28 78 mm2
tape Cu or St/Zn
to 36 mm
G103 05Nstainless steel,
stainless steel
bolts M8
Weightkg
0.23
Dimensions
A
Cat. no.Material
B
wire Cu or St/Zn
28 78 mm2
tape Cu or St/Zn
to 40 mm
wire Cu or St/Zn
28 78 mm2
tape Cu or St/Zn
to 40 mm
G103 30Nstainless steel,
stainless steel
bolts M8
Weightkg
0.15
Dimensions
A
Cat. no.Material
B
tape Cu or St/Zn
to 40 mm
tape Cu or St/Zn
to 40 mm
G103 31Nstainless steel,
stainless steel
bolts M8
Weightkg
0.14
Dimensions
range of diameters of suspension strandmm
Cat. no.Material
3 10 G103 27plastic, hot dip
galvanized
steel bolt
Weightkg
0.13
www.galmar.pl 25
Galmar earthing system
Additional accessories
cat. no. G113 01
Lubricating medium for couplings of threaded earthing rodsIt is used for additional protection of contacts inside coupling. When connecting rods with
coupling, we recommend to pour little paste into coupling. It can also be used as lubricating medium for driving stud making it easy to screw it out.
cat. no. G114 07
cat. no. G114 08
cat. no. G107 04
Report of earth resistance measurementsAllows to record all essential information on earthing resistance measurements and its
configuration. This information can be useful during next inspection of earthing system.
Waterproof markerSuitable for filling out the earthing resistance measurements report.
Isolating coilIsolating coil is positioned between two different earth electrodes to eliminate influence of fault
and high frequency currents.
Galmar inspection pits Enable to control rod – earthing conductor connections with no problems as well as to make time earth resistance measurements.Pit G114 04 can be mounted in different kind of hardened surfaces (recommended for areas with setts because of specially designed reinforced flange). Pit G114 02 can be mounted only in surfaces hardened with concrete or asphalt
330 x 330 x 150 x 75
258 x 258 x 215 x 160
258 x 258 x 215 x 160
260 x 215 x 210 x 110
G114 01
G114 02
G114 02A
G114 04
Cat. no.Material
25.00
2.10
11.50
2.60
concrete
plastic pit with hardened cover
Weightkg
Dimensionslength x width x height x depthmm
cat. no. G114 01
cat. no. G114 02
cat. no. G114 04
cat. no. G114 02A
Inspection pit earth bar for plastic pits G114 02 and G114 04Pits number: G114 02 and G114 04 can be equipped with equipotential earth bar enables
connection of five bus bars (tapes) of max. size 30 x 4 mm. Earth bar fit into the slots provided in the inspection pit. cat. no. G114 06
www.galmar.pl26
Galmar earthing system
Insulating tape for wrapping underground joints – Denso typeDenso tape protects underground connections from soil and electrochemical corrosion
30
50
G103 55
G103 56
Cat. no.Lengthm
0.58
0.93
10
10
Weightkg
Widthmm
Protective shieldThermoshrinkable shield protects from access of damp to connection.
Protective sleeveWhen galvanized tape is connected to copper or to copper plated element buried underground,
this sleeve is to protect galvanized tape from electrochemical corrosion.
cat. no. G112 01
Hammer for earth rod drivingElectric percussive hammer – GSH 11 E BOSCH with SDS-Max fastening for driving rods
into ground. It is lightweight and enables driving down to great depths. Longer earth rods (more than 1.8 m) can be driven from ladder, and shorter just from ground.
cat. no. G103 58
cat. no. G103 54
Spray zincConnections of galvanized steel (e.g. tape) to copper-bonded steel (e.g. earth rod) made
by exothermic welding should be protected extra with spray zinc. To remove electrolytic cell, weld and 10 cm of earth rod should be covered.cat. no. G103 57
Oil hammer for earth rod driving Oil hammer let to drive Galmar earth rods even up to 30 m – mk1/TT ATLAS COPCO type.cat. no. G112 02
www.galmar.pl 27
Galmar earthing system
cat. no. GA00 10
Earthing resistance and soil resistivity testersMegger earthing resistance testers produced by AVO are excellent. Characterized by top
technical parameters, Megger is very well adjusted to difficult real field conditions. Fully au-tomation causes that incorrect reading is not possible. The instrument checks the conditions that may cause an improper reading during a test.
cat. no. GA00 03
Megger DET3TD– 2 and 3 point testing,– selectable 25 V or 50 V output,– complete with lead and stake kit,– simple one button operation,– hardwearing carry case,– delivered with calibration certificate,– IP54 rated.
Megger DET4TCR2– 2, 3 and 4 point testing at the turn of a switch,– attached Rod Technique (ART) enabled,– stakeless measurements enabled,– user selectable test frequency,– simple one button operation,– automatic circuit checking,– rechargeable,– user selectable output voltage,– backlit display,– weather and dust proof to IP54.
Megger DET4TD2– 2, 3 and 4 point testing at the turn of a switch,– attached Rod Technique (ART) enabled,– stakeless measurements enabled,– user selectable test frequency,– simple one button operation,– automatic circuit checking,– rechargeable,– user selectable output voltage, – backlit display,– weather and dust proof to IP54. cat. no. GA00 11
cat. no. GA00 12
Megger DET2/2– high resolution – 1 m – ideal for large earthing systems,– high accuracy for earth electrode and soil resistivity testing,– test voltage 50 V max. for safety,– rechargeable battery power with long battery life and rapid re-charge,– a robust, versatile instrument with IP54 protection,– filter and high current features to enable valid earth testing in difficult situations.
www.galmar.pl28
cat. no. GN00 02
cat. no. G107 03
cat. no. G106 11
Plate – earthingSignal plate, determinate plate installed earth electrode. Plate made of sheet aluminum,
powder painting. Dimensions 150 x 150 mm.
Acid-base indicator/soil pHA set for measuring soil pH allows to check the soil reaction which helps to choose the
proper material for particular (given) conditions.
Copper thickness gaugeGauge to measure thickness of the metal coating without destroying the coat. Thickness
range: 0-1999 µm.
Galmar earthing system
Earth electrodesEarth electrodes for earthing resistance and soil resistivity measuring devices. Electrodes
are made of galvanized steel. Dimensions: length 600 mm, diameter 16 mm.cat. no. G106 12
GMRU-200GMRU-200 is the only meter in the market which uses all measurement methods. Possible
measurements:– earth resistance measurment with 2-pole, 3-pole, 4-pole method,– impulse earth resistance measurement, two kinds of measuring impulse 4/10 µs,
10/350 µs,– earth resistance measurement without disconnecting measured earths (using clamp),– two clamps earth resistance measurement without auxiliary test probs,– earth resistirity measurement,– continuity measurement,– leakage current measurement.cat. no. GA000 15
www.galmar.pl 29
Galmar Resistivity
a) cat. no. G107 01b) cat. no. G107 02
Galmar Resistivity Galmar Resistivity is fine powder which increases surface area of earth electrode thus
reducing resistance to earth.Galmar Resistivity is available in two versions:
a) mixed with cement,b) without cement – needs to be mixed with Portland cement before using in following proportion: Galmar Resistivity : cement 3 : 1
www.galmar.pl30
Conductors
Green & yellow PVC insulated copper tapeHigh conductivity copper tape to EN 13601. UV stabilized PVC
25 x 3 G110 23
Cat. no.
0.79
Weight*kg/m
X x Ymm
PVC insulated copper
Material
Copper tapeHigh conductivity copper tape to EN 13601. Sale unit is kilogram
20 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
25 x 4
25 x 6
30 x 2
40 x 4
50 x 3
50 x 6
G110 02(100M)
G110 03(25M)
G110 03(50M)
G110 11(20M)
G110 11(50M)
G110 12(40M)
G110 65(40M)
G110 18(40M)
G110 20(40M)
G110 22(20M)
Cat. no.
100
25
50
20
50
40
40
40
40
20
Standard coil sizem
X x Ymm
0.53
0.67
0.67
0.90
0.90
1.33
0.53
1.42
1.33
2.68
Weight*kg/m
copper
Material
Copper-bonded steel tapeSteel tape is molecularly bonded in electrolytic process with copper of thickness 0.070 mm. Copper coating protects against corrosion throughout the tens of years. Sale unit is kilogram
X x Ymm
Cat. no.
20 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 3.5
30 x 4
40 x 4
60
40
30
30
30
20
0.50
0.62
0.82
0.90
0.98
1.32
G110 72(60M)
G110 73(40M)
G110 74(30M)
G110 78(30M)
G110 75(30M)
G110 81(20M)
Material Weight*kg/m
Standard coil sizem
steel copper bonded
to thickness of 0.070 mm
* the tolerance of weight ±5%
* the tolerance of weight ±5%
* the tolerance of weight ±5%
Tinned copper-bonded steel tapeSteel tape is molecularly bonded in electrolytic process with copper of thickness 0.070 mm and tin. Tin protective coating increases the corrosion resistance in every kind of agresive soil and also protects against theft. Sale unit is kilogram
X x Ymm
Cat. no.
20 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 3.5
30 x 4
40 x 4
60
40
30
30
30
20
0.50
0.62
0.82
0.90
0.98
1.32
G110 91(60M)
G110 92(40M)
G110 93(30M)
G110 94(30M)
G110 95(30M)
G110 96(20M)
Material Weight*kg/m
Standard coil sizem
tinned copper bonded steel,
copper thickness
min. 0.070 mm
* the tolerance of weight ±5%
www.galmar.pl 31
12.5 x 1.5
25 x 3
25 x 6
30 x 2
G110 24
G110 25
G110 26
G110 57
Cat. no.
0.17
0.67
1.33
0.53
Weight*kg/m
X x Ymm
Material
tinned copper
Tinned copper tapeHigh conductivity copper tape to EN 13601, electrolytically tinned
15 x 1.4
25 x 3.5
G110 27
G110 28
Cat. no.
0.09
0.34
Weight*kg/m
X x Ymm
Material
copper
Flexible copper braidHigh conductivity copper wire. Suitable for earth bonding
Copper-bonded steel wireSteel wire is molecularly bonded in electrolytic process with copper of thickness 0.070 mm. Copper coating protects against corrosion throughout the tens of years. Sale unit is kilogram
acc. to order
20
60
80
20
50
0.41
0.63
Cat. no.
G111 49
G111 49(20M)
G111 49(60M)
G111 49(80M)
G111 50(20M)
G111 50(50M)
Material Weight*kg/m
Standard coil sizem
steel copper bonded
to thickness of 0.070 mm
Diametermm
∅ 8
∅ 8
∅ 8
∅ 8
∅ 10
∅ 10
* the tolerance of weight ±5%
Conductors
* the tolerance of weight ±5%
* the tolerance of weight ±5%
Tinned copper-bonded steel wireSteel wire is molecularly bonded in electrolytic process with copper of thickness 0.070 mm and tin. Tin protective coating increases the corrosion resistance in every kind of agresive soil and also protects against theft. Sale unit is kilogram
acc. to order
20
60
80
20
50
0.41
0.63
Cat. no.
G111 80
G111 80(20M)
G111 80(60M)
G111 80(80M)
G111 81(20M)
G111 81(50M)
Material Weight*kg/m
Standard coil sizem
tinned copper bonded steel,
copper thickness
min. 0.070 mm
Diametermm
∅ 8
∅ 8
∅ 8
∅ 8
∅ 10
∅ 10
* the tolerance of weight ±5%
www.galmar.pl32
Stranded copper conductorSoft drawn stranded copper conductor
6
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
G111 06
G111 07
G111 08
G111 09
G111 10
G111 11
G111 12
G111 13
G111 14
G111 15
Cat. no.Strandingquantity/mm
0.05
0.15
0.23
0.32
0.43
0.62
0.86
1.09
1.33
1.67
7/1.04
7/1.70
7/2.14
7/2.52
19/1.78
19/2.14
19/2.52
37/2.03
37/2.25
37/2.52
Weight*kg/m
Sizemm2
Material
copper
Copper wireHigh conductivity copper wire. Sale unit is kilogram
∅ 6
∅ 8
∅ 8
∅ 8
G111 02
G111 03
G111 03(20M)
G111 03(60M)
Cat. no.
0.25
0.45
Weight*kg/m
Diametermm
Material
copper
Standard coil sizem
acc. to order
acc. to order
20
60
Conductors
Green & yellow PVC covered stranded copper conductorSoft drawn stranded copper conductor. UV stabilized PVC
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
400
G111 16
G111 17
G111 18
G111 19
G111 20
G111 21
G111 22
G111 23
G111 24
G111 25
G111 26
G111 27
Cat. no.Strandingquantity/mm
0.19
0.29
0.41
0.53
0.73
1.00
1.16
1.54
2.01
2.49
3.05
3.90
7/1.70
7/2.14
7/2.52
19/1.78
19/2.14
19/2.52
37/2.03
37/2.25
37/2.52
61/2.25
61/2.52
61/2.85
Weightkg/m
Sizemm2
Material
PVC insulated copper
* the tolerance of weight ±5%
* the tolerance of weight ±5%
www.galmar.pl 33
Conductors
Hard drawn copper bar Hard drawn high conductivity copper bar supply in 3 meters length
25 x 3
25 x 6
38 x 6
50 x 6
50 x 10
75 x 6
50 x 6
G110 50
G110 51
G110 52
G110 53
G110 54
G110 55
G110 56
Cat. no.Type
2.10
4.10
6.40
8.10
13.40
12.40
8.20
bare hard drawn bar
tinned hard drawn bar
Weightkg
X x Ymm
Material
copper
Anti-vandal down conductor guardHot-dip galvanized steel guard to protect down conductor against destruction
2
3
G200 33A
G119 08
Cat. no.
1.22
2.90
Weightkg
Lengthm
Material
hot dip galvanized steel
PVC covered solid circular conductorHigh conductivity copper conductor. UV stabilized PVC
Conductor Colour range
copper
aluminium
G111 35
G111 36
G111 37
G111 38
G111 39
G111 40
G111 41
G111 42
G111 43
G111 44
Cat. no.
8
8
0.49
0.18
Weightkg/m
Diametermm
Material
PVC insulated copper
PVC insulated aluminium
black
grey
stone
white
brown
black
grey
stone
white
brown
www.galmar.pl34
Air terminal mastsMast made of stainless steel with tip
Mast heightm
Material
stainless steel2
3
4
4.7
5.7
G211 01G
G211 02G
G211 03G
G211 04G
G211 05G
Cat. no.
wall/chimney
wall
3.4
4.8
10.0
13.8
14.8
Weightkg
Assembly
Clamp to fasten air terminal mast Set of two clamps fixed to the wall or chimney let to fasten the mast with tip. Made of stainless steel
Assembly Material
stainless steelwall
chimney
G212 01
G212 02
Cat. no.
14.7
7.4
Weightkg
Clamp to fasten down conductors to the mastOne clamp let to fasten 2 down conductors to the mast
cat. no. G200 22
cat. no. G200 23
Application Cat. no.
G200 22
G200 23
Material
stainless steel
small for masts 2, 3 & 4 m long
big for masts 4.7 & 5.7 m long
Weightkg
0.20
0.43
High air terminal mastsHigh air terminal masts, octagonal profile, free-standing on the foundation. It is made of hot galva-nized steel sections. Masts designed for I wind load zone (max. 20 m/s)
Mast height m
Cat. no.
G211 07
G211 08
G211 09
G211 10
G211 11
G211 12
G211 13
6
8
9
10
12
14
17
Wall thicknessmm
3
Diameter at the basemm
156
191
191
191
191
191
191
Weightkg
38
50
65
69
93
110
150
Foundation for high air terminal mastsFoundation equipped with bolts to fix the mast to the foundation
Name Cat. no.
G212 06
G212 07
G212 08
B 80
B 120
B 160
Mast heightm
6
8 14
17
Weightkg
110
250
450
Galmar lightning protection
Air terminals
www.galmar.pl 35
Multiple pointMultiple point – can be used at top of taper pointed air rod of dia. 16 mm
16 G115 22
Cat. no.Material
0.27copper
Weightkg
Rod diametermm
Taper pointed air rodTaper pointed air rods – made of solid copper. Rods of dia. 16 mm can be installed with multiple point
Rod lengthm
Material
copper0.5
1
0.5
1
2
G115 28
G115 29
G115 19
G115 20
G115 21
Cat. no.
10
10
16
16
16
0.37
0.72
0.73
1.51
3.00
Weightkg
Rod diametermm
Flat saddleBase for air terminal of dia. 16 mm – for installation on flat horizontal surfaces
Conductor sizemm
Conductor material
St/Cu or Cu∅ 6 10; tape 3 x 25
tape 3 x 25
G115 23M
G115 23
Cat. no.
1.03
0.35
Weightkg
Material
bronze
Ridge saddle for air terminal of dia. 16 mm – for installation on ridges
Conductor sizemm
Conductor material
St/Cu or Cutape 3 x 25 G115 25
Cat. no.
1.07
Weightkg
Material
bronze
Rod brackets for air terminal of dia. 16 mm – for installation on vertical surfaces
Conductor material
St/Cu or Cu G115 73
Cat. no.
0.90
Weightkg
Material
bronze
Rod to tape coupling for air terminal of dia. 16 mm
Conductor material
St/Cu or Cu G115 74
Cat. no.
0.25
Weightkg
Material
bronze
cat. no. G115 23cat. no. G115 23M
Galmar lightning protection
www.galmar.pl36
Base for air terminal of dia. 10 mm – enables to install air terminal on horizontal or vertical surfaces
Conductor diametermm
Base assembly
Conductor material
St/Cu or Cu G115 26
G115 27
Cat. no.
0.30
Weightkg
Material
bronze∅ 6 10
∅ 6 10
vertical
horizontal
Roof holders
Roof holders for tiled roofsFastening holder on ridge tile. Depending on necessity holder on distance 15 mm or 30 mm can be screwed at any point of clamping ring
Conductor diametermm
Cat. no.
St/Cu or Cu 180 280
180 280
180 280
180 280
G115 64A
G115 64M
G115 65A
G115 65M
Material/colour
steel galvanized and
enamel coated/brown
copper
steel galvanized and
enamel coated/brown
copper
Conductor material
∅ 8
∅ 8
∅ 8
∅ 8
Ring spacingmm
Weightkg
0.11
0.15
0.11
0.15
Distanceheightmm
15
15
30
30
Roof conductor holder with weatherproof rubber bushingSuitable for tiled, slated and corrugated sheet roofs. To fasten holder one have to screw sealing bushing in previously made hole. Required hole to fasten the holder – 12 mm
Conductor diametermm
Cat. no.
St/Cu or Cu G117 37A
G117 37M
Material/colour
steel galvanized and enamel
coated/brown + rubber bushing
copper + rubber bushing
Conductor material
∅ 8
∅ 8
Weightkg
0.05
0.06
Clamp with rubber sealing for roofs covered with metal sheetAssembling to the roof construction with woodscrews 6 mm and minimal length 70 mm. Clamp is not completed with woodscrew
Conductor diametermm
Cat. no.
St/Cu or Cu G117 47A
G117 47M
Material/colour
steel galvanized and enamel
coated/brown + rubber seal
copper + rubber seal
Conductor material
∅ 8
∅ 8
Weightkg
0.04
cat. no. G115 64A
cat. no. G115 65A
Galmar lightning protection
www.galmar.pl 37
Galmar lightning protection
Roof conductor holder for flat roofsRoof conductor holder – fastened by gluing to the roof
∅ 6
∅ 8
tape to 31 x 3
G117 10
G117 11
G117 13
Cat. no.Material
1.15plastic, concrete
Weightkg
Conductor sizemm
Conductormaterial
St/Cu or Cu
Clamping rings
Antenna mast clampingEnables connecting antenna mast to air terminals
Conductor diametermm
Weightkg
St/Cu or Cu 1 3 0.05
Material
tinned copper/tinned brass
Conductor material
∅ 8
Mast diameterinch
Cat. no.
G116 14
Pipe bondsFor bonding to drainpipe, enables its connection to conductor. Bond made of tinned copper is used to be connected to hot galvanized steel pipe
Conductor diametermm
Cat. no.
St/Cu or Cu 50 200
50 200
G115 13
G115 14
Material
copper/brass
tinned copper/tinned brass
Conductor material
∅ 8
∅ 8
Pipe diametermm
Weightkg
0.07
Roof holder for universal useTo be fitted to roof surface, with preformed bending points for adapting to roof material. Usually fixed to the roof construction
Conductor diametermm
Cat. no.
St/Cu or Cu 475
475
475
475
G115 68A
G115 68M
G115 71A
G115 71M
Distanceheightmm
15
15
30
30
Conductor material
∅ 8
∅ 8
∅ 8
∅ 8
Strip lengthmm
Weightkg
0.14
0.15
0.14
0.15
Material/colour
steel galvanized
and enamel
coated/brown
copper
steel galvanized
and enamel
coated/brown
copper
cat. no. G115 68A
cat. no. G115 71A
www.galmar.pl38
Tee clamp enables triangular connection of conductors
Conductor diametermm
Conductormaterial
St/Cu or Cu∅ 6 10 G115 02
Cat. no.
0.17
Weightkg
bronze
Material
Square tape clamp
Conductor sizemm
Conductormaterial
St/Cu or Cu25 x 3
25 x 6
50 x 6
G115 32
G115 34
G115 33
Cat. no.
0.23
0.42
0.98
Weightkg
bronze
Material
Plate type test clamp
Conductor sizemm
Conductormaterial
St/Cu or Cu 26 x 12 G115 86
Cat. no.
0.62
Weightkg
bronze
Material
Clamps
Multipurpose connecting clamp for universal useEnables cross, T and parallel connections of the conductors
Conductor diametermm
Conductormaterial
St/Cu or Cu∅ 8
∅ 8
∅ 8
G115 51
G115 51A
G115 51M
Cat. no.
0.10
0.09
0.10
Weightkg
copper, copper bolt
steel galvanized and
enamel coated/brown
copper, stainless steel bolt
Material/colour
Square clamp (wire to wire)Clamp suitable for cross connection of down conductor with horizontal air terminal installed on roof
Conductor diametermm
Conductormaterial
St/Cu or Cu∅ 6 10 G115 10
Cat. no.
0.17
Weightkg
bronze
Material
cat. no. G115 51
cat. no. G115 51Mcat. no. G115 51A
Galmar lightning protection
www.galmar.pl 39
Galmar lightning protection
Heavy duty cast cable saddle for down conductor placed on the wall. Hole of dia. 6 mm enables to fix clamp to wall
Conductor sizemm
Conductor material
8
8
8
G115 07
G115 08
G115 06
Cat. no.
0.10
0.07
0.16
Weightkg
bronze∅ 6 10
25 x 3
50 x 6
St/Cu or Cu wire
St/Cu or Cu tape
MaterialDistancemm
Wall clamp for tapeAssembling to the wall with screws 6 mm. Clamp is not completed with screw
Conductor sizemm
Cat. no.
St/Cu or Cu G117 51A
G117 51M
Material/colour
steel galvanized and enamel
coated/brown
copper
Conductor material
30 x 4
30 x 4
Weightkg
0.04
Tape clip
20 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 3
G115 76
G115 77
G115 78
Cat. no.
0.02
Conductor material
St/Cu or Cu
PVC covered tape
Weightkg
Conductor sizemm
copper
Material
Screwdown test clamp
Conductor sizemm
Conductormaterial
St/Cu or Cu 26 x 8 G115 87
Cat. no.
0.84
Weightkg
bronze
Material
Square conductor clamp
Conductor sizemm2
Conductormaterial
St/Cu or Cu50
70
95
G115 91
G115 92
G115 93
Cat. no.
0.32
0.29
0.25
Weightkg
bronze
Material
Holders, distance and fastening clampsBack plate holdfast stem increasing distance from wall clamps. For use with saddle (cat. no. G115 06, G115 07 and G115 08)
St/Cu or Cu G115 57
Cat. no.Material
0.30bronze
Weightkg
Conductor material
www.galmar.pl40
Wall clampAssembling to the wall with screws 6 mm and minimal length 70 mm. Clamp is not com-pleted with screw
Conductor diametermm
Cat. no.
G117 03A
G117 03M
Material/colour
steel galvanized and
enamel coated/brown
copper
∅ 8
∅ 8
Conductor material
St/Cu or Cu
Weightkg
0.03
0.04
Distanceheightmm
15
15
Test and disconnection clampsTest clamp for straight through joints. Enables to connect wire or tape to wire, both made of copper or copper-bonded steel. Not fastened to elevation
Conductor sizemm
Conductormaterial
St/Cu or Cuwire ∅ 6 10,
tape 3 x 25
wire ∅ 6 10,
wire ∅ 6 10
G115 01
G115 09
Cat. no.
0.20
Weightkg
bronze
Material
Test joints
Test joint clamp wire to tapeClamp enables to connect wire to tape in straight line. Not fastened to elevation
Conductor sizemm
Conductormaterial
St/Cu or Cu wire ∅ 6 10,
tape up to 35
wire ∅ 8,
tape up to 35
wire ∅ 8,
tape up to 35
G115 62
G115 62A
G115 62M
Cat. no.
0.21
0.13
0.14
Weightkg
copper, copper bolts
steel galvanized and enamel
coated, stainless steel bolts/brown
copper, stainless steel bolts
Material/colour
cat. no. G115 62A
cat. no. G115 62
Wall clamp to install down-conductor directly on elevation Assembling to the wall with screws 6 mm and minimal length 50 mm. Wall clamp let to install conductor in direct contact with wall. Clamp is not completed with screw
Conductor diametermm
Cat. no.
G117 04A
G117 04M
Material/colour
steel galvanized and enamel
coated/brown
copper
∅ 8
∅ 8
Conductor material
St/Cu or Cu
Weightkg
0.03
0.04
Galmar lightning protection
www.galmar.pl 41
Galmar lightning protection
Oblong test or junction clamp
Conductor sizemm
Conductormaterial
St/Cu or Cu 26 x 8 G115 36
Cat. no.
0.26
Weightkg
bronze
Material
Test clamp
Conductor sizemm2
Conductormaterial
St/Cu or Cu50
70
95
G115 88
G115 89
G115 90
Cat. no.
0.39
0.40
0.40
Weightkg
bronze
Material
Test joint clamp tape to tapeClamp enables to connect tape to tape in straight line. Not fastened to elevation
Conductor sizemm
Cat. no.
G118 08A
G118 08
Material/colour
steel galvanized and enamel
coated, stainless steel bolts/brown
copper, stainless steel bolts
tape 35,
tape 35
tape 35,
tape 35
Conductor material
St/Cu or Cu
Weightkg
0.09
Test joint clamp wire to wireClamp enables to connect wire to wire in straight line. Not fastened to elevation
Conductor diametermm
Cat. no.
G115 63A
G115 63M
Material/colour
steel galvanized and enamel
coated, stainless steel bolts/brown
copper, stainless steel bolts
wire ∅ 8,
wire ∅ 8
wire ∅ 8,
wire ∅ 8
Conductormaterial
St/Cu or Cu
Weightkg
0.13
0.14
www.galmar.pl42
Equipotential installation fittings
Flexible braid bondFlexible copper braid for bonding gates, doors, fences etc, in order to equalise potential. Holes diameter 11 mm
Width x thickness x lengthmm
25 x 3.5 x 400 G115 61
Cat. no.
0.15
Weightkg
Material
copper
Gutter clampEnables to connect conductor to gutter rim, connecting conductor through gutter clamp. Fastened by screwing down to gutter rim. Steel electrostatic painted clamp is dedicated to be fixed to plastic gutter. Clamp made of tinned copper is used to be connected to hot galvanized steel gutter
Conductor diametermm
Conductor material
For rims ofmm
16 22
16 22
16 22
16 22
G115 45
G115 45A
G115 45M
G116 06M
Cat. no.
0.14
0.11
0.13
0.13
Weightkg
copper, copper bolt
steel galvanized and enamel
coated, stainless steel bolt/brown
copper, stainless steel bolt
tinned copper, stainless steel bolt
∅ 6 10
∅ 8
∅ 8
∅ 8
St/Cu or Cu
Material/colour
Saddle clamp to connect conductor to sheetSaddle clamp to connect conductor to sheet by lengthwise and crosswise conductor mounting. Clamp jaw grips with sheet inside when screwing down. Sheet thickness from 0.7 to 8 mm. Clamp made of tinned copper is used to be connected to hot galvanized steel sheet
Conductor diametermm
Conductor material
Clamping rangemm
0.7 8
0.7 8
0.7 8
G115 49
G115 49M
G116 09M
Cat. no.
0.11
Weightkg
copper, copper bolt
copper, stainless steel bolt
tinned copper, stainless steel bolt
∅ 6 10
∅ 8
∅ 8
St/Cu or Cu
Material
Clamps for connecting conductors to all types of metal structures and sheetsMetalwork bonding to connect conductors to all types of metal structures up to 13 mm thick. To fix clamp to metal structure should screw down bolts inside gripping jaw of clamp
Conductor diametermm
St/Cu or Cu∅ 6 10 G115 48
Cat. no.
0.37
Weightkg
bronze
MaterialConductor material
Saddle clamp to connect conductor to steelwork or sheet. Clamp jaw grips with sheet inside when screwing down. Sheet thickness or steelwork – from 1 to 12 mm
Conductor diametermm
Conductor material
Clamping rangemm
0.7 8 G115 50
Cat. no.
0.23
Weightkg
bronze∅ 6 10 St/Cu or Cu
Material
Galmar lightning protection
www.galmar.pl 43
Galmar lightning protection
Equipotential earth barsEnables connection: two conductors dia. 7-10 mm (50 mm2) or one conductor of dia.
7-10 mm and one tape 30 x 3.5 mm, and seven copper conductors of 2.5-25 mm2.
cat. no. G119 03
cat. no. G119 01
Enables connection: seven conductors dia. 7-10 mm, and two of dia. 7-12 mm or tape 30 x 3.5 mm.
Enables connection of five bus bars (tapes) of max. size 30 x 4 mm. cat. no. G119 02
Bar with 16 holes 10.5 mm diameter, dimensions: 200 x 90 x 4 mm; on two insulators. cat. no. G119 02B
Earth points pre welded tails
Conductor size
as cat. no. G115 79 with 0.5 m long tail
of 70 PVC covered cablemm
as cat. no. G115 81 with 0.5 m long tail
of 70 mm PVC covered cable
as cat. no. G115 83 with 0.5 m long tail
of 70 mm PVC covered cable
2
2
2
G115 80
G115 82
G115 84
Cat. no.
0.56
0.84
0.84
Weightkg
bronze
Material
Tower earth clamp to bond conductor to steelwork with bolt of size M10. To fasten clamp to steelwork one should make hole for bolt
Conductor diametermm
Conductor material
St/Cu or Cu∅ 6 10 G115 16
Cat. no.
0.13
Weightkg
bronze
Material
Earth pointsIt is used to pass the down-conductor across the concrete construction
No. of M8 holes Conductor size
no front plate
25 x 3 mm or 70
25 x 3 mm or 8 mm dia.
no front plate
mm2
4
2
2
2
G115 79
G115 81
G115 83
G115 85
Cat. no.
0.41
0.44
0.44
0.28
Weightkg
bronze
Material
www.galmar.pl44
Additional elements
Aerial mast diverterAerial mast diverter to connect down conductor to aerial mast, protecting from atmospheric
discharges.
Lightning strikes countersCounter records the number of lightning strikes – lightning current impulses flowing through
the down conductor.cat. no. G200 24
Electronic counter records the number of lightning strikes – lightning current impulses flowing through the down-conductor.cat. no. G200 24A
cat. no. G200 19
Earth fastenerFastener of main equipotential cable of the building with earth lead-in rod. It is equipped with two porcelaine insulators. It is fixed directly to the wall
Cablemm2
35 70 G119 09
Cat. no.
0.31
Weightkg
150 x 45 x 70
Dimensionsmm
Galmar lightning protection
www.galmar.pl 45
Cable’s and rod’s terminalsTerminals for copper conductors and copper-bonded earth rods which shall be pressed on using the hydraulic press
Dimensions
cable size rod size inch
mm / 2
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120/
150/
185/
240
12
58
34
/
/
/
G120 61
G120 62
G120 63
G120 64
G120 65
G120 66
G120 67
G120 68
G120 69
G120 70
G120 71
G120 72
diameter of thebolt hole mm
5.3
6.5
6.5
8.5
8.5
11
11
11
13
13
17
17
Terminalcat. no.
Material
copper
Galconnect system
„C” ClampClamp „C” should be pressed on the conductor using the hydraulic press
Dimensions
conductor Imm2
50
70
70
95
70
95
120
70
95
120
120
120
150
185
150
185
185
240
185
185
240
G120 41
G120 41
G120 41
G120 42
G120 42
G120 42
G120 43
G120 43
G120 43
G120 43
G120 43
G120 43
G120 44
G120 44
G120 44
G120 45
G120 45
G120 45
G120 45
G120 46
G120 46
conductor IImm2
50 35
70 25
50 16
35 10
70 25
95 25
50 10
70 35
95 25
70 16
70 10
120 35
95 25
70 16
150 70
185 50
150 35
120 16
185 95
185 70
240 35
Clampcat. no.
Material
copper
www.galmar.pl46
Cable’s jointsCable’s joints which shall be pressed on conductor using the hydraulic press
Dimensions
size mm2
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
G120 73
G120 74
G120 75
G120 76
G120 77
G120 78
G120 79
G120 80
G120 81
G120 82
G120 83
G120 84
internal diametermm
3.8
4.5
5.5
7
8.2
10
11.5
13.5
15.5
17
19
21.5
Jointcat. no.
Material
copper
High-speed press PHRN-46There was applied the accelerated lost motion of the working frame piston. Thanks to this
one can work quickly and efficiently. Several swinging motions provide quick movement of the frame’s piston what is necessary to do the work.
Application: – pressing ends of conductors of 16-300 mm2 and ends of earthing rods of dia. 1/2”, 5/8”,
3/4”,– pressing clamps „C” type,– joining conductors in cable’s joints,– cutting of tapes, angle bars, rods using the head GP-6,– making holes in bus bars Al, Cu and flat steels using the head GD-6,– bending bus bars Al, Cu and flat steels using the bender.
Technical data:– weight: 14.4 kg,– pressure force: 200 kN (20 T),– cables range: 16-300 mm2.cat. no. G120 00
Head GP-6 for conductor cuttingHead GP-6 is used to cut bus bars and flat bars up to 8 mm thick, bus bars Cu and Al
up to 12 mm thick and steel rods up to 12 mm dia. The head is the accessory for press PHRN-46.cat. no. G120 01
Galconnect system
www.galmar.pl 47
Galconnect system
Bender for bus bars Al, Cu and steel flat bars Bender is used to bend Al and Cu bus bars up to 100 mm width and up to 10 mm thick
and steel flat bars up to 60 mm width and up to 8 mm thick. Bending range: 180O, 90O. Bender is helpful when the power substation is modernized or out of order. The bender is the accessory for press PHRN-46.
Head GD-6 to make holesHead GD-6 is used to make holes in aluminium main bus bars of the power substations
and steel flat bars (tapes). The head is opened what helps to make holes easily up to 13 mm dia., in steel bus bars and flat bars up to 6 mm thick. For special order we supply punches and die blocks to make holes of dia.: 6.5; 9; 11; 13; 17 mm. The head is the accessory for press PHRN-46.
cat. no. G120 02
cat. no. G120 03
www.galmar.pl48
Galmarweld system
Galmarweld exothermic system makes possible to connect metals of different electroche-mical potentials (Zn, Cu, Fe).Installation guide and additional information on the page 70.
20 x 3
22 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
50 x 6
20 x 3
22 x 3
25 x 3
40 x 4
50 x 5
50 x 6
20 x 3
22 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
50 x 6
20 x 3
22 x 3
25 x 3
40 x 4
50 x 5
50 x 6
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 250
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 200
GFF 200
2 x GFF 150
2 x GFF 150
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 250
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 200
GFF 200
2 x GFF 150
2 x GFF 150
0.090
0.090
0.090
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.250
0.150
0.150
0.200
0.200
0.300
0.300
0.090
0.090
0.090
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.250
0.150
0.150
0.200
0.200
0.300
0.300
GBR2 142203
GBR2 142223
GBR2 142253
GBR2 142254
GBR2 142304
GBR2 142404
GBR2 142506
GBR2 172203
GBR2 172223
GBR2 172253
GBR2 172404
GBR2 172505
GBR2 172506
GBR2 142203S
GBR2 142223S
GBR2 142253S
GBR2 142254S
GBR2 142304S
GBR2 142404S
GBR2 142506S
GBR2 172203S
GBR2 172223S
GBR2 172253S
GBR2 172404S
GBR2 172505S
GBR2 172506S
weightkg
weightkg
Powder Clamp
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 107
GFF 107
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 107
GFF 107
Rod diametermm
Bus barsizemm
cat. no. cat. no.
Mold
weightkg
cat. no.
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
3.60
3.60
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
3.60
3.60
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
2.60
2.60
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
2.60
2.60
connection with copper or zinc coated tape
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
connection with copper bonded tape
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
Rod to bus bar connectionsCross connection where bus bar is positioned on the threaded rod
Note: When connecting galvanized tape to copper-bonded earth rod both the welding and 10 cm of rod should be protected with Denso tape (see page 26).
www.galmar.pl 49
Cross connection where bus bar is positioned underneath rod thread parallel to earth rod
20 x 3
22 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
50 x 5
50 x 6
22 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
50 x 5
50 x 6
20 x 3
22 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
50 x 5
50 x 6
22 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
50 x 5
50 x 6
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 200
2 x GFF 150
2 x GFF 150
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 200
2 x GFF 150
2 x GFF 150
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 200
2 x GFF 150
2 x GFF 150
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 200
2 x GFF 150
2 x GFF 150
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.150
0.200
0.300
0.300
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.150
0.200
0.300
0.300
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.150
0.200
0.300
0.300
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.150
0.200
0.300
0.300
GBR3 142203
GBR3 142223
GBR3 142253
GBR3 142254
GBR3 142304
GBR3 142404
GBR3 142505
GBR3 142506
GBR3 172223
GBR3 172253
GBR3 172254
GBR3 172304
GBR3 172404
GBR3 172505
GBR3 172506
GBR3 142203S
GBR3 142223S
GBR3 142253S
GBR3 142254S
GBR3 142304S
GBR3 142404S
GBR3 142505S
GBR3 142506S
GBR3 172223S
GBR3 172253S
GBR3 172254S
GBR3 172304S
GBR3 172404S
GBR3 172505S
GBR3 172506S
weightkg
weightkg
Powder Clamp
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 107
GFF 107
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 107
GFF 107
Rod diametermm
Bus barsizemm
cat. no. cat. no.
Mold
weightkg
cat. no.
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
3.60
3.60
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
3.60
3.60
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
2.60
2.60
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
2.60
2.60
connection with copper or zinc coated tape
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
connection with copper bonded tape
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
Galmarweld system
www.galmar.pl50
Cross connection of earth rod to bus bar perpendicularly (welding on thread)
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 200
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 200
GFF 200
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 200
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 200
GFF 200
0.090
0.115
0.115
0.150
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.200
0.150
0.150
0.200
0.200
0.090
0.115
0.115
0.150
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.200
0.150
0.150
0.200
0.200
GBR7 128203
GBR7 128254
GBR7 128304
GBR7 128404
GBR7 142203
GBR7 142254
GBR7 142304
GBR7 142404
GBR7 172203
GBR7 172254
GBR7 172304
GBR7 172404
GBR7 128203S
GBR7 128254S
GBR7 128304S
GBR7 128404S
GBR7 142203S
GBR7 142254S
GBR7 142304S
GBR7 142404S
GBR7 172203S
GBR7 172254S
GBR7 172304S
GBR7 172404S
weightkg
weightkg
Powder Clamp
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
Rod diametermm
Bus barsizemm
cat. no. cat. no.
Mold
weightkg
cat. no.
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
connection with copper or zinc coated tape
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
connection with copper bonded tape
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
Galmarweld system
www.galmar.pl 51
Galmarweld system
Cross connection of earth rod to bus bar parallel (welding on thread)
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 200
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 200
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 200
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 200
0.090
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.200
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.200
0.090
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.200
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.200
GBR9 128203
GBR9 128254
GBR9 128304
GBR9 128404
GBR9 142203
GBR9 142254
GBR9 142304
GBR9 142404
GBR9 172203
GBR9 172254
GBR9 172304
GBR9 172404
GBR9 128203S
GBR9 128254S
GBR9 128304S
GBR9 128404S
GBR9 142203S
GBR9 142254S
GBR9 142304S
GBR9 142404S
GBR9 172203S
GBR9 172254S
GBR9 172304S
GBR9 172404S
weightkg
weightkg
Powder Clamp
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
Rod diametermm
Bus barsizemm
cat. no. cat. no.
Mold
weightkg
cat. no.
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
connection with copper or zinc coated tape
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
connection with copper bonded tape
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
www.galmar.pl52
Cross connection where bus bar is positioned underneath rod thread perpendicular to earth rod
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 150
0.090
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.090
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.150
GBR17 128203
GBR17 128254
GBR17 128304
GBR17 128404
GBR17 142203
GBR17 142254
GBR17 142304
GBR17 142404
GBR17 172203
GBR17 172254
GBR17 172304
GBR17 172404
GBR17 128203S
GBR17 128254S
GBR17 128304S
GBR17 128404S
GBR17 142203S
GBR17 142254S
GBR17 142304S
GBR17 142404S
GBR17 172203S
GBR17 172254S
GBR17 172304S
GBR17 172404S
weightkg
weightkg
Powder Clamp
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
Rod diametermm
Bus barsizemm
cat. no. cat. no.
Mold
weightkg
cat. no.
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
connection with copper or zinc coated tape
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
connection with copper bonded tape
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
Galmarweld system
www.galmar.pl 53
Galmarweld system
20 x 3
22 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
50 x 5
50 x 6
22 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
50 x 5
50 x 6
20 x 3
22 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
50 x 5
50 x 6
22 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
50 x 5
50 x 6
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 200
2 x GFF 150
2 x GFF 150
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 200
2 x GFF 150
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 200
2 x GFF 150
2 x GFF 150
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 200
2 x GFF 150
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.150
0.200
0.300
0.300
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.150
0.200
0.300
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.150
0.200
0.300
0.300
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.150
0.200
0.300
GBR18 142203
GBR18 142223
GBR18 142253
GBR18 142254
GBR18 142304
GBR18 142404
GBR18 142505
GBR18 142506
GBR18 172223
GBR18 172253
GBR18 172254
GBR18 172304
GBR18 172404
GBR18 172505
GBR18 172506
GBR18 142203S
GBR18 142223S
GBR18 142253S
GBR18 142254S
GBR18 142304S
GBR18 142404S
GBR18 142505S
GBR18 142506S
GBR18 172223S
GBR18 172253S
GBR18 172254S
GBR18 172304S
GBR18 172404S
GBR18 172505S
GBR18 172506S
weightkg
weightkg
Powder Clamp
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 107
GFF 107
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 107
GFF 107
Rod diametermm
Bus barsizemm
cat. no. cat. no.
Mold
weightkg
cat. no.
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
3.60
3.60
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
3.60
3.60
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
2.60
2.60
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
2.60
2.60
connection with copper or zinc coated tape
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
connection with copper bonded tape
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
Cross connection where bus bar is positioned underneath rod thread perpendicular to earth rod, two ends of bus bars welded to rod
www.galmar.pl54
Cross connection where bus bar is positioned underneath rod thread parallel to earth rod
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 200
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 200
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 200
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 200
0.090
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.200
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.200
0.090
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.200
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.200
GBR19 128203
GBR19 128254
GBR19 128304
GBR19 128404
GBR19 142203
GBR19 142254
GBR19 142304
GBR19 142404
GBR19 172203
GBR19 172254
GBR19 172304
GBR19 172404
GBR19 128203S
GBR19 128254S
GBR19 128304S
GBR19 128404S
GBR19 142203S
GBR19 142254S
GBR19 142304S
GBR19 142404S
GBR19 172203S
GBR19 172254S
GBR19 172304S
GBR19 172404S
weightkg
weightkg
Powder Clamp
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
Rod diametermm
Bus barsizemm
cat. no. cat. no.
Mold
weightkg
cat. no.
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
connection with copper or zinc coated tape
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
connection with copper bonded tape
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
Rod to conductor connectionsWeld on the top of the rod
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
∅ 8 mm
S 25 mm2
S 50 mm2
S 70 mm2
S 95 mm2
S 120 mm2
∅ 8 mm
S 25 mm2
S 50 mm2
S 70 mm2
S 95 mm2
S 120 mm2
GFF 90
GFF 65
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 65
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 90
0.090
0.065
0.090
0.090
0.090
0.090
0.090
0.065
0.090
0.090
0.090
0.090
GCR1 142∅8
GCR1 142S25
GCR1 142S50
GCR1 142S70
GCR1 142S95
GCR1 142S120
GCR1 172∅8
GCR1 172S25
GCR1 172S50
GCR1 172S70
GCR1 172S95
GCR1 172S120
weightkg
weightkg
Powder Clamp
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
Rod diametermm
Conductorsize cat. no. cat. no.
Mold
weightkg
cat. no.
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
Galmarweld system
www.galmar.pl 55
Galmarweld system
Cross connection (conductor positioned horizontally)
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.8
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
∅ 6 mm
∅ 8 mm
S 16 mm2
S 50 mm2
∅ 6 mm
∅ 8 mm
S 16 mm2
S 50 mm2
∅ 6 mm
∅ 8 mm
S 16 mm2
S 50 mm2
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 90
GFF 115
0.090
0.115
0.090
0.115
0.090
0.115
0.090
0.115
0.090
0.115
0.090
0.115
GCR3 128∅6
GCR3 128∅8
GCR3 128S16
GCR3 128S50
GCR3 142∅6
GCR3 142∅8
GCR3 142S16
GCR3 142S50
GCR3 172∅6
GCR3 172∅8
GCR3 172S16
GCR3 172S50
weightkg
weightkg
Powder Clamp
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
Rod diametermm
Conductorsize cat. no. cat. no.
Mold
weightkg
cat. no.
2.40
2.40
2.40
2.40
2.40
2.40
2.40
2.40
2.40
2.40
2.40
2.40
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
∅ 6 mm
∅ 8 mm
S 16 mm2
S 25 mm2
S 50 mm2
S 70 mm2
S 95 mm2
S 120 mm2
∅ 6 mm
∅ 8 mm
S 16 mm2
S 25 mm2
S 50 mm2
S 70 mm2
S 95 mm2
S 120 mm2
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 150
0.090
0.090
0.090
0.090
0.090
0.115
0.115
0.150
0.090
0.115
0.090
0.090
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.150
GCR2 142∅6
GCR2 142∅8
GCR2 142S16
GCR2 142S25
GCR2 142S50
GCR2 142S70
GCR2 142S95
GCR2 142S120
GCR2 172∅6
GCR2 172∅8
GCR2 172S16
GCR2 172S25
GCR2 172S50
GCR2 172S70
GCR2 172S95
GCR2 172S120
weightkg
weightkg
Powder Clamp
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
Rod diametermm
Conductorsize cat. no. cat. no.
Mold
weightkg
cat. no.
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
„T” connection rod to conductor (connection on the thread)
www.galmar.pl56
Bus bar to bus bar connectionsBus bars frontal connection
20 x 3
22 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
50 x 5
50 x 6
20 x 3
22 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
50 x 5
50 x 6
GFF 45
GFF 65
GFF 65
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 200
GFF 250
GFF 45
GFF 65
GFF 65
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 200
GFF 250
0.045
0.065
0.065
0.090
0.115
0.150
0.200
0.250
0.045
0.065
0.065
0.090
0.115
0.150
0.200
0.250
GBB1 203
GBB1 223
GBB1 253
GBB1 254
GBB1 304
GBB1 404
GBB1 505
GBB1 506
GBB1 203S
GBB1 223S
GBB1 253S
GBB1 254S
GBB1 304S
GBB1 404S
GBB1 505S
GBB1 506S
weightkg
weightkg
Powder Clamp
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
Bus bar Isizemm
Bus bar IIsizemm
cat. no. cat. no.
Mold
weightkg
cat. no.
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
connection of copper or zinc coated tapes
20 x 3
22 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
50 x 5
50 x 6
connection of copper bonded tapes
20 x 3
22 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
50 x 5
50 x 6
Bus bars „T” connection
GFF 65
GFF 65
GFF 65
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 200
GFF 250
GFF 65
GFF 65
GFF 65
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 200
GFF 250
0.065
0.065
0.065
0.090
0.115
0.150
0.200
0.250
0.065
0.065
0.065
0.090
0.115
0.150
0.200
0.250
GBB3 203203
GBB3 223223
GBB3 253253
GBB3 254254
GBB3 304304
GBB3 404404
GBB3 505505
GBB3 506506
GBB3 203203S
GBB3 223223S
GBB3 253253S
GBB3 254254S
GBB3 304304S
GBB3 404404S
GBB3 505505S
GBB3 506506S
weightkg
weightkg
Powder Clamp
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 107
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 107
Bus bar Isizemm
cat. no. cat. no.
Mold
weightkg
cat. no.
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
3.60
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
3.60
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
2.60
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
2.60
20 x 3
22 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
50 x 5
50 x 6
20 x 3
22 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
50 x 5
50 x 6
Bus bar IIsizemm
connection of copper or zinc coated tapes
20 x 3
22 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
50 x 5
50 x 6
connection of copper bonded tapes
20 x 3
22 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
50 x 5
50 x 6
Galmarweld system
www.galmar.pl 57
Galmarweld system
Cross connection (connection with partial cover of the connection of two uncut tapes)
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
GFF 65
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 150
GFF 65
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 150
0.065
0.090
0.090
0.150
0.065
0.090
0.090
0.150
GBB41 203203
GBB41 254254
GBB41 304304
GBB41 404404
GBB41 203203S
GBB41 254254S
GBB41 304304S
GBB41 404404S
weightkg
weightkg
Powder Clamp
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
Bus bar Isizemm
Bus bar IIsizemm
cat. no. cat. no.
Mold
weightkg
cat. no.
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
connection of copper or zinc coated tapes
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
connection of copper bonded tapes
20 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
Frontal connection
20 x 3
22 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
50 x 5
50 x 6
20 x 3
22 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
50 x 5
50 x 6
GFF 45
GFF 45
GFF 65
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 200
GFF 250
GFF 45
GFF 45
GFF 65
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 200
GFF 250
0.045
0.045
0.065
0.090
0.090
0.115
0.200
0.250
0.045
0.045
0.065
0.090
0.090
0.115
0.200
0.250
GBB7 203
GBB7 223
GBB7 253
GBB7 254
GBB7 304
GBB7 404
GBB7 505
GBB7 506
GBB7 203S
GBB7 223S
GBB7 253S
GBB7 254S
GBB7 304S
GBB7 404S
GBB7 505S
GBB7 506S
weightkg
weightkg
Powder Clamp
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 107
GFF 107
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 107
GFF 107
Bus bar Isizemm
Bus bar IIsizemm
cat. no. cat. no.
Mold
weightkg
cat. no.
1.40
1.80
1.80
1.40
1.40
1.40
3.60
3.60
1.40
1.80
1.80
1.40
1.40
1.40
3.60
3.60
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
2.60
2.60
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
2.60
2.60
connection of copper or zinc coated tapes
20 x 3
22 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
50 x 5
50 x 6
connection of copper bonded tapes
20 x 3
22 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
50 x 5
50 x 6
25 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
25 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
GFF 150
GFF 200
2 GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 200
2 GFF 150
0.150
0.200
0.300
0.150
0.200
0.300
GBB40 253253
GBB40 254254
GBB40 304304
GBB40 253253S
GBB40 254254S
GBB40 304304S
weightkg
weightkg
Powder Clamp
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 107
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 107
Bus bar Isizemm
Bus bar IIsizemm
cat. no. cat. no.
Mold
weightkg
cat. no.
1.86
1.86
3.60
1.86
1.86
3.60
1.30
1.30
2.60
1.30
1.30
2.60
connection of copper or zinc coated tapes
25 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
connection of copper bonded tapes
25 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
Cross connection (connection with complete cover of two tapes where one is cut)
www.galmar.pl58
∅ 8 mm
∅ 10 mm
∅ 12 mm
S 16 mm2
S 25 mm2
S 50 mm2
S 70 mm2
S 95 mm2
S 120 mm2
∅ 8 mm
∅ 10 mm
∅ 12 mm
S 16 mm2
S 25 mm2
S 50 mm2
S 70 mm2
S 95 mm2
S 120 mm2
GCC1∅8∅8
GCC1∅10∅10
GCC1∅12∅12
GCC1 S16S16
GCC1 S25S25
GCC1 S50S50
GCC1 S70S70
GCC1 S95S95
GCC1 S120S120
weightkg
Powder
GFF 45
GFF 65
GFF 90
GFF 32
GFF 32
GFF 45
GFF 65
GFF 90
GFF 115
Conductor Isize
Conductor IIsize cat. no.
Mold
weightkg
cat. no.
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
0.045
0.065
0.090
0.032
0.032
0.045
0.065
0.090
0.115
Conductor to conductor connectionsFrontal conductors connection
Horizontal conductors “T” connection
∅ 8 mm
∅ 10 mm
S 120 mm2
S 16 mm2
S 25 mm2
S 50 mm2
S 50 mm2
S 70 mm2
S 70 mm2
S 70 mm2
S 95 mm2
S 95 mm2
S 95 mm2
S 95 mm2
S 120 mm2
S 120 mm2
S 120 mm2
S 120 mm2
∅ 8 mm
∅ 10 mm
∅ 12 mm
S 16 mm2
S 25 mm2
S 25 mm2
S 50 mm2
S 25 mm2
S 50 mm2
S 70 mm2
S 25 mm2
S 50 mm2
S 70 mm2
S 95 mm2
S 50 mm2
S 70 mm2
S 95 mm2
S 120 mm2
GCC2∅8∅8
GCC2∅10∅10
GCC2 S120∅12
GCC2 S16S16
GCC2 S25S25
GCC2 S50S25
GCC2 S50S50
GCC2 S70S25
GCC2 S70S50
GCC2 S70S70
GCC2 S95S25
GCC2 S95S50
GCC2 S95S70
GCC2 S95S95
GCC2 S120S50
GCC2 S120S70
GCC2 S120S95
GCC2 S120S120
weightkg
Powder
GFF 65
GFF 90
GFF 150
GFF 45
GFF 45
GFF 65
GFF 90
GFF 65
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 150
GFF 150
Conductor Isize
Conductor IIsize cat. no.
Mold
weightkg
cat. no.
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
0.065
0.090
0.150
0.045
0.045
0.065
0.090
0.065
0.090
0.090
0.090
0.090
0.090
0.115
0.090
0.090
0.150
0.150
Cross connection (connection with complete cover of two uncut tapes)
30 x 4
30 x 4
GFF 200
GFF 200
GBB41CH 304304
GBB41CH 304304S
weightkg
weightkg
Powder Clamp
GFF 106
GFF 106
Bus bar Isizemm
Bus bar IIsizemm
cat. no. cat. no.
Mold
weightkg
cat. no.
1.40
1.40
1.30
1.30
connection of copper or zinc coated tapes
30 x 4
connection of copper bonded tapes
30 x 4
0.200
0.200
Galmarweld system
www.galmar.pl 59
Galmarweld system
Horizontal to horizontal circular conductor cross
∅ 6 mm
∅ 8 mm
S 16 mm2
S 50 mm2
S 120 mm2
GCC11∅6∅6
GCC11∅8∅8
GCC11 S16S16
GCC11 S50S50
GCC11 S120S120
weightkg
Conductor IIsize
Powder
GFF 65
GFF 150
GFF 45
GFF 150
2 x GFF 150
Conductor Isize cat. no.
Mold
weightkg
cat. no.
1.40
1.80
1.40
1.50
1.80
0.065
0.150
0.045
0.150
0.300
∅ 6 mm
∅ 8 mm
S 16 mm2
S 50 mm2
S 120 mm2
Horizontal conductors cross connection (cut conductors)
∅ 8 mm
∅ 12 mm
S 16 mm2
S 25 mm2
S 50 mm2
S 50 mm2
S 70 mm2
S 70 mm2
S 70 mm2
S 95 mm2
S 95 mm2
S 95 mm2
S 120 mm2
S 120 mm2
S 120 mm2
S 120 mm2
∅ 8 mm
∅ 10 mm
S 16 mm2
S 25 mm2
S 25 mm2
S 50 mm2
S 25 mm2
S 50 mm2
S 70 mm2
S 25 mm2
S 70 mm2
S 95 mm2
S 50 mm2
S 70 mm2
S 95 mm2
S 120 mm2
GCC4∅8∅8
GCC4∅12∅10
GCC4 S16S16
GCC4 S25S25
GCC4 S50S25
GCC4 S50S50
GCC4 S70S25
GCC4 S70S50
GCC4 S70S70
GCC4 S95S25
GCC4 S95S70
GCC4 S95S95
GCC4 S120S50
GCC4 S120S70
GCC4 S120S95
GCC4 S120S120
weightkg
Powder
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 65
GFF 45
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 200
GFF 200
Conductor Isize
Conductor IIsize cat. no.
Mold
weightkg
cat. no.
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
0.090
0.115
0.065
0.045
0.090
0.090
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.200
0.200
Conductor to steel surface connectionConductor to steel plate connection (horizontal plate)
∅ 8 mm
S 50 mm2
S 70 mm2
S 95 mm2
S 120 mm2
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 115
0.090
0.090
0.090
0.115
0.115
GCS1∅8
GCS1 S50
GCS1 S70
GCS1 S95
GCS1 S120
weightkg
weightkg
Powder Clamp
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
Conductorsize cat. no. cat. no.
Mold
weightkg
cat. no.
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
www.galmar.pl60
Conductor to steel plate connection (vertical plate)
∅ 8 mm
S 16 mm2
S 25 mm2
S 50 mm2
S 70 mm2
S 95 mm2
S 120 mm2
GFF 90
GFF 45
GFF 45
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 115
0.090
0.045
0.045
0.090
0.090
0.115
0.115
GCS3∅8
GCS3 S16
GCS3 S25
GCS3 S50
GCS3 S70
GCS3 S95
GCS3 S120
weightkg
weightkg
Powder Clamp
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
Conductorsize cat. no. cat. no.
Mold
weightkg
cat. no.
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
Conductor to tape connections „T” connection (vertical connection)
∅ 8 mm
S 50 mm2
∅ 8 mm
S 50 mm2
∅ 8 mm
S 50 mm2
S 70 mm2
∅ 8 mm
S 50 mm2
S 70 mm2
∅ 8 mm
S 70 mm2
S 95 mm2
S 95 mm2
S 120 mm2
S 95 mm2
S 120 mm2
∅ 8 mm
S 50 mm2
∅ 8 mm
S 50 mm2
∅ 8 mm
S 50 mm2
S 70 mm2
∅ 8 mm
S 50 mm2
S 70 mm2
∅ 8 mm
S 70 mm2
S 95 mm2
S 95 mm2
S 120 mm2
S 95 mm2
S 120 mm2
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 150
GFF 150
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.150
GCB2 223∅8
GCB2 223S50
GCB2 253∅8
GCB2 253S50
GCB2 254∅8
GCB2 254S50
GCB2 254S70
GCB2 304∅8
GCB2 304S50
GCB2 304S70
GCB2 404∅8
GCB2 404S70
GCB2 404S95
GCB2 505S95
GCB2 505S120
GCB2 506S95
GCB2 506S120
GCB2 223∅8S
GCB2 223S50S
GCB2 253∅8S
GCB2 253S50S
GCB2 254∅8S
GCB2 254S50S
GCB2 254S70S
GCB2 304∅8S
GCB2 304S50S
GCB2 304S70S
GCB2 404∅8S
GCB2 404S70S
GCB2 404S95S
GCB2 505S95S
GCB2 505S120S
GCB2 506S95S
GCB2 506S120S
weightkg
weightkg
Powder Clamp
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
Tape sizemm
Conductorsize cat. no. cat. no.
Mold
weightkg
cat. no.
3.60
3.60
3.60
3.60
3.60
3.60
3.60
3.60
3.60
3.60
3.60
3.60
3.60
3.60
3.60
3.60
3.60
3.60
3.60
3.60
3.60
3.60
3.60
3.60
3.60
3.60
3.60
3.60
3.60
3.60
3.60
3.60
3.60
3.60
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
connection with copper or zinc coated tape
22 x 3
22 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
25 x 4
25 x 4
30 x 4
30 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
40 x 4
40 x 4
50 x 5
50 x 5
50 x 6
50 x 6
connection with copper bonded tape
22 x 3
22 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
25 x 4
25 x 4
30 x 4
30 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
40 x 4
40 x 4
50 x 5
50 x 5
50 x 6
50 x 6
Galmarweld system
www.galmar.pl 61
Galmarweld system
∅ 8 mm
S 50 mm2
∅ 8 mm
S 50 mm2
∅ 8 mm
S 50 mm2
S 70 mm2
∅ 8 mm
S 50 mm2
S 70 mm2
∅ 8 mm
∅ 12 mm
S 70 mm2
S 95 mm2
S 95 mm2
S 120 mm2
S 95 mm2
S 120 mm2
∅ 8 mm
S 50 mm2
∅ 8 mm
S 50 mm2
∅ 8 mm
S 50 mm2
S 70 mm2
∅ 8 mm
S 50 mm2
S 70 mm2
∅ 8 mm
∅ 12 mm
S 70 mm2
S 95 mm2
S 95 mm2
S 120 mm2
S 95 mm2
S 120 mm2
GFF 45
GFF 45
GFF 45
GFF 45
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 65
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 45
GFF 45
GFF 45
GFF 45
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 65
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 150
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.090
0.090
0.065
0.090
0.090
0.090
0.090
0.090
0.090
0.090
0.115
0.090
0.115
0.150
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.090
0.090
0.065
0.090
0.090
0.090
0.090
0.090
0.090
0.090
0.115
0.090
0.115
0.150
GCB4 223∅8
GCB4 223S50
GCB4 253∅8
GCB4 253S50
GCB4 254∅8
GCB4 254S50
GCB4 254S70
GCB4 304∅8
GCB4 304S50
GCB4 304S70
GCB4 404∅8
GCB4 404∅12
GCB4 404S70
GCB4 404S95
GCB4 505S95
GCB4 505S120
GCB4 506S95
GCB4 506S120
GCB4 223∅8S
GCB4 223S50S
GCB4 253∅8S
GCB4 253S50S
GCB4 254∅8S
GCB4 254S50S
GCB4 254S70S
GCB4 304∅8S
GCB4 304S50S
GCB4 304S70S
GCB4 404∅8S
GCB4 404∅12S
GCB4 404S70S
GCB4 404S95S
GCB4 505S95S
GCB4 505S120S
GCB4 506S95S
GCB4 506S120S
weightkg
weightkg
Powder Clamp
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
Tape sizemm
Conductorsize cat. no. cat. no.
Mold
weightkg
cat. no.
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
connection with copper or zinc coated tape
22 x 3
22 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
25 x 4
25 x 4
30 x 4
30 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
40 x 4
40 x 4
40 x 4
50 x 5
50 x 5
50 x 6
50 x 6
connection with copper bonded tape
22 x 3
22 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
25 x 4
25 x 4
30 x 4
30 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
40 x 4
40 x 4
40 x 4
50 x 5
50 x 5
50 x 6
50 x 6
„T” connection (horizontal connection)
www.galmar.pl62
Tape to conductor „T” connection
∅ 8 mm
S 50 mm2
∅ 8 mm
S 50 mm2
∅ 8 mm
S 50 mm2
S 70 mm2
∅ 8 mm
∅ 10 mm
S 50 mm2
S 70 mm2
∅ 8 mm
S 70 mm2
S 95 mm2
S 95 mm2
S 120 mm2
S 95 mm2
S 120 mm2
∅ 8 mm
S 50 mm2
∅ 8 mm
S 50 mm2
∅ 8 mm
S 50 mm2
S 70 mm2
∅ 8 mm
∅ 10 mm
S 50 mm2
S 70 mm2
∅ 8 mm
S 70 mm2
S 95 mm2
S 95 mm2
S 120 mm2
S 95 mm2
S 120 mm2
GFF 65
GFF 65
GFF 65
GFF 65
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 90
GFF 150
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 200
GFF 200
GFF 200
GFF 200
GFF 65
GFF 65
GFF 65
GFF 65
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 90
GFF 150
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 200
GFF 200
GFF 200
GFF 200
0.065
0.065
0.065
0.065
0.090
0.090
0.115
0.090
0.150
0.090
0.115
0.090
0.115
0.150
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.065
0.065
0.065
0.065
0.090
0.090
0.115
0.090
0.150
0.090
0.115
0.090
0.115
0.150
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
GCB5 223∅8
GCB5 223S50
GCB5 253∅8
GCB5 253S50
GCB5 254∅8
GCB5 254S50
GCB5 254S70
GCB5 304∅8
GCB5 304∅10
GCB5 304S50
GCB5 304S70
GCB5 404∅8
GCB5 404S70
GCB5 404S95
GCB5 505S95
GCB5 505S120
GCB5 506S95
GCB5 506S120
GCB5 223∅8S
GCB5 223S50S
GCB5 253∅8S
GCB5 253S50S
GCB5 254∅8S
GCB5 254S50S
GCB5 254S70S
GCB5 304∅8S
GCB5 304∅10S
GCB5 304S50S
GCB5 304S70S
GCB5 404∅8S
GCB5 404S70S
GCB5 404S95S
GCB5 505S95S
GCB5 505S120S
GCB5 506S95S
GCB5 506S120S
weightkg
weightkg
Powder Clamp
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
Tape sizemm
Conductorsize cat. no. cat. no.
Mold
weightkg
cat. no.
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
connection with copper or zinc coated tape
22 x 3
22 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
25 x 4
25 x 4
30 x 4
30 x 4
30 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
40 x 4
40 x 4
50 x 5
50 x 5
50 x 6
50 x 6
connection with copper bonded tape
22 x 3
22 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
25 x 4
25 x 4
30 x 4
30 x 4
30 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
40 x 4
40 x 4
50 x 5
50 x 5
50 x 6
50 x 6
Galmarweld system
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Galmarweld system
Note: Above connection types are exemplifications. In case of different types required, please contact our sales office.
Bus bur to horizontal steel plate connection
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 150
GFF 200
2 x GFF 150
2 x GFF 150
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 150
GFF 200
2 x GFF 150
2 x GFF 150
0.090
0.090
0.090
0.090
0.150
0.200
0.300
0.300
0.090
0.090
0.090
0.090
0.150
0.200
0.300
0.300
GBS2 203
GBS2 223
GBS2 253
GBS2 254
GBS2 304
GBS2 404
GBS2 505
GBS2 506
GBS2 203S
GBS2 223S
GBS2 253S
GBS2 254S
GBS2 304S
GBS2 404S
GBS2 505S
GBS2 506S
weightkg
weightkg
Powder Clamp
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 107
GFF 107
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 107
GFF 107
Bus bursizemm
cat. no. cat. no.
Mold
weightkg
cat. no.
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
3.60
3.60
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.80
3.60
3.60
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
connection with copper or zinc coated tape
20 x 3
22 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
50 x 5
50 x 6
connection with copper bonded tape
20 x 3
22 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
50 x 5
50 x 6
Bus bur to steel surface connectionBus bur to vartical steel plate connection
GFF 65
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 200
GFF 65
GFF 90
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 200
0.065
0.090
0.090
0.115
0.200
0.065
0.090
0.090
0.115
0.200
GBS1 203
GBS1 253
GBS1 254
GBS1 304
GBS1 404
GBS1 203S
GBS1 253S
GBS1 254S
GBS1 304S
GBS1 404S
weightkg
weightkg
Powder Clamp
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
GFF 106
Bus barsizemm
cat. no. cat. no.
Mold
weightkg
cat. no.
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
connection with copper or zinc coated tape
20 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
connection with copper bonded tape
20 x 3
25 x 3
25 x 4
30 x 4
40 x 4
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Handle clampHadle clamps used to close the mold for welding process.
cat. no. GFF 106cat. no. GFF 107
Flint gunFlint gun is used to ignite the starting powder. cat. no. GFF 108
Cleaning accesories for weldingSoft brush – clean mold after welding process.Steel brush – clean metal parts to be connected before welding process.Crucible cleaner – cleaning tool for mold after welding process.cat. no. GFF 109
Note: The producer reserves the right to introduce modifications to products due to technological progress without prior notice.
Weld metal powderPacked in plastic box, damp-proof, with steel plates
0.015
0.025
0.032
0.045
0.065
0.090
0.115
0.150
0.200
0.250
0.500
DescriptionWeightkg
Cat. no.
GFF 15
GFF 25
GFF 32
GFF 45
GFF 65
GFF 90
GFF 115
GFF 150
GFF 200
GFF 250
GFF 500
weld metal powder
Galmarweld system
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Lightning protection – theory
Directions for designing an effective lightning protection
The design of lightning protection instal-lation must be started with defining the risk level. As soon as the protection level is de-termined, we can proceed to specifying zones of protection for protected facilities which must be done according to the following stan-dards: BS 6651, IEC 62305. The standards provide three methods of determining zones of protection that we can use by keeping to dimensions shown on Tab. 1 and Fig. 2. They include: mesh size method, protective angle method, rolling sphere method.
Protectionlevel
hm
Efficiencyof the protection%
I
II
III
IV
20
30
45
60
25
35
45
55
*
25
35
45
*
*
25
35
*
*
*
25
98
95
90
80
20αO
Meshsizem
5 x 5
10 x 10
10 x 10
20 x 20
Rm
30αO
45αO
60αO
* in this case apply rolling sphere and mesh method only
Tab. 1 Positioning of air termination according to protection level
In order to reduce the possibility of dangerous sparking, the down conductors are to be arranged to assure conductive connections from point of strike to earth, in such a way that: several parallel paths of lightning current exists (Tab. 2 and Fig. 3) and the length of the current paths is kept to minimum. The distance between conductors depends on the protection level and there-fore these values should not be exceeded. The down conductors shall assure direct continuation of the air termination conduc-tors distributed around perimeter of space to be protected. The average value of the distance between them is not higher than values indicated Tab. 2 and Fig. 3.
Fig. 3 Minimal distance between down con-ductors for individual protection levels
d d
d
Fig. 2 Protection zones determined by prote-ctive angle and rolling sphere methods
h
R
protected space
α
Building industry
Atmospheric discharge – riskAll over the world for hundreds of years
people have been trying to protect them-selves and their property from dangerous atmospheric phenomena. Although not everywhere are these atmospheric pheno-mena equally intense, but the potential danger is always real. One of the biggest perils is posed by atmospheric discharge. In the world one atmospheric discharge takes place on the average every three seconds. Atmospheric discharge is a consequence of accumulation of electric charges in a storm cloud. The moment the threshold voltage is exceeded, discharges start to develop inside the storm cloud, between storm clouds of opposite potentials or between such a clo-ud and the earth surface. In the last case we talk about a strike to earth in a form of a branched spark with the length of a few to a few dozens of kilometers. Possible cloud to ground flashes are shown in Fig. 1. There are: direct strike to a structure or to air termination system (a), direct strike to the incoming overhead line or services (b), nearby strike to the incoming line or into earth (b), nearby strike to the adjacent object or into earth (c).
Fig. 1 Possible lightning strikes: a) direct strike, b) nearby strike to the power line, c) nearby strike to the adjacent object or earth
Tab. 2 Minimal distance between down conductors for individual protection levels, according to IEC
Protectionlevel
Distance (d)m
I
II
III
IV
10
15
20
25
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At least two down conductors are nece-ssary in all cases. In tall structures down conductors shall be interconnected by means of horizontal ring conductors near ground level and by further rings at 20 m intervals vertically (Fig. 4).
In order to ensure safety, suitable distan-ces must be kept between down conductors and places attended by people. Intervals: from a building entrance, passages for people and metal enclosures must be more than 2 meters. If this provision cannot be fulfilled, a protecting pipe must be applied (Fig. 6).
Earth termination system shall disperse lightning current into earth without causing dangerous voltages. The more important is shape and dimensions of the earth termi-nation system than specific values of earth electrode resistance. However in general, a low earth resistance is recommended and required according to national regulations.
According to IEC standard earth electro-des are classified in two basic types:type A – minimum two radial horizontal
earth electrodes, each of length l1 5 m
or two vertical (inclined) electrodes of minimum length 0.5 l
1,
type B – interconnected reinforcing steel of concrete (foundation earth electrode should be always used) or external ring earth electrode for which mean radius r of area enclosed shall be not less than the value l
1, (r l
1). If r < l
1, additional
horizontal electrodes of length lr = l
1 – r
or vertical electrodes of length lv = 0.5
(l1 – r) are required.
The minimum required lengths of earth electrodes are shown in Fig. 7.
Fig. 6 Required distances from places attended by people, according to IEC
In compliance with international standard IEC the down conductor installation must assure required intervals both between holders and between a given conductor and a building’s façade. Intervals between hol-ders should be not bigger than 1 m. And the necessary interval from the façade depends on the material it is made of. If the façade’s material is non-flammable or slow burning, the conductor can be placed directly on or only a small distance from the façade. For easy burning materials the interval of 10 cm must be kept (Fig. 5).
1.0 m
non-
nfam
mab
eor
non
-fam
mab
e ba
ss
fam
mab
e ba
ss
1.0 m
0.1 m
Fig. 5 Minimal distance from façade, accor-ding to IEC
Fig. 7 Minimum length l1 of earth electrodes
according to protection levels
Fig. 4 Design of high apartment building with horizontal ring conductors
Power industry
Earthing systems for substationRequirements for earthing:
– working earth – keeping the required resi-stance value not exceeding acceptable by suitable regulation,
– lightning earth – earthing resistance should not exceed 10 ,
– protective earth – protection of human health on the substation area and sur-roundings; limits voltage of earthing what guarantees correct work of surge arres-ters and isolation of devices connected with areas not covered by earthing system,
– provides right heat, mechanical and corro-sion resistance of earthing elements,
– ensures equipotentialization, limiting overvoltages and their damaging influ-ence on secondary circuit and electronic devices.
Lightning protection – theory
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Lightning protection – theory
For designing lightning protection for electromagnetic installations the soil resi-stivity must be measured first. Wenner 4-electrodes is one of the soil resistivity measuring method (Fig. 8). The resistivity is calculated on the ground of the distance between electrodes and the resistance read from the meter from formula 1.
Fig. 8 Wenner 4-electrodes method of measuring of soil resistivity
The earthing installation is based on a grid made of copper tape (Fig. 9) where the size of a mesh depends on short-circuit currents. The resistance of a mesh is cal-culated from formula 2. In order to clear from any influence of climatic conditions (differences in humidity and temperature in different seasons of the year) vertical earth rods must be applied (like in Figure 10 indicated by „g”) on the circumference of the grid and additionally at the junction of earthing conductors of overhead lines with the earthing grid and at overvoltage arresters.
= 2aR (1) – soil resistivitya – distance between electrodesR – resistance showed by measuring device
Fig. 9 View of artificial earthing system for substation
Fig. 10 15 kV substation earthing grid
Earthing systems for overhead power linesEarthing systems construction:
– lightning earth – earth ring made of tape with vertical earth rods marked by „g” or with additional radial earth conductors,
– protective earth – consists of earth rings, where every next ring is dug deeper. Earth ring should be completed with vertical rods (Fig. 11).
Fig. 11 Earthing protection for high voltage transmission lines
Similarly to the case of substation, the vertical rods should be at least 3 m long (Fig. 12).
Fig. 12 View of artificial earthing system for high voltage transmission lines
Telecommunications
In recent years we have been witnessing an intense expansion of facilities which operation bases on electronic circuits cha-racterized by high sensitivity to any type of overvoltage. Just a perfect example for this is the entire telecommunications industry that so strongly requires a very high level of protection from interferences related to atmospheric discharge. All designing principles referring to lightning protection should be also applied to telecommunications facilities. When starting to design a protection installa-tion, we must first determine the lightning strike risk coefficient for a given facility.
(2)
– soil resistivityS – substation area
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The limitations related to the level of protection are a consequence of the need to ensure appropriate safety of sensitive appliances as well as human health and life. For determining the protection zones any of the three methods can be used: mesh size method, protective angle method and rolling sphere method. Suitable ground wires and earthing conductors should be just enough to ensure safe drainage of charges origina-ting from a lightning strike in the shortest path down to the ground. It is possible to use a given facility’s metal construction in the assembly of the lightning protection installation provided the condition of electri-cal continuity of the entire construction is fulfilled. The lightning protection installation must be taken into consideration already at the stage of designing, and at the stage of building, when constructing the founda-tions, it must be remembered to use the foundation and hori-zontal earthing ring in compliance with the applicable standards. An example of such an installation has been presented in Fig. 13. Due to the very rich range of Galmar’s pro-ducts it is possible to build any, even the most complicated, lightning protection installation.
Fig. 13 Lightning protection for GSM base station with the metal tower
Lightning protection – theory
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Galmar products quality
Galmar earth rods
The Galmar earth rods are made of mole-cularly bonded 99.9% pure electrolytic copper onto a low carbon steel core. The steel core is a bar drawn up to the required diameter. Galmar rods have high tensile strength 600 N/mm2, they can be driven by vibroham-mers to great depths (even up to 35 meters). The copper jacket is 0.250 mm thick at all points and it ensures the preservation of the earth rod in the soil for at least 30 years.
To ensure 30 years corrosion resistance, the steel earthing rods must be covered with copper of minimum thickness 0.250 mm and the steel conductors of minimum copper thickness 0.070 mm. Below tests show the need to maintain the parameters of earthing systems which are in accordance with European standards.
Copper thickness is different for vertical earthing rods and different for horizontal earthing ring conductors. It is measured by an electronic thickness gauge.
Main reason why the standards give the requirement for copper thickness 0.250 mm is the strength of copper layer during driving process. Vertical earthing rod is exposed for friction which can cause reduction of the copper thickness. Below test of hitting the rod fixed between vise jaws simula-te the conditions during driving the rod in the ground.
Copper-bonded steel conductors: earthing rod,tape, wire
Test of the copper adhesion in the vise
On the photos we can see the tests of two rods with different copper layer. After the test the rod with initial copper thickness 0.250 mm have the copper layer reduced to 0.163 mm. Second rod with initial copper thickness 0.118 mm after the test has the layer damaged and the steel core is expo-sed.Thats why only the rods with minimum copper layer exceeding 0.250 mm fulfill the requirements of the standards.
Based on the corrosion resistance test made in natural conditions one can find that the most important is to assure continuity of the copper jacket of thickness
0.250 mm for earthing rods and 0.070 mm for wires and tapes. Wires and tapes are not exposed for damages during driving in the ground. Thats why protective copper layer of thickness 0.070 mm is sufficient. Below we present the photos and the results of corrosion tests of copper-bon-ded and hot dip galvanized earthing rods and conductors. Tests performed according to standard EN 62561-2 have proved 6 times better corrosion resistance of copper-bonded tapes and wires than hot dip galvanized. The rate of the corrosion of hot dip galvanized earthing rods was 0.0481 mm/year and of copper-bonded only 0.009 mm/year.
a
b
c
Samples of the copper-bonded steel conductorsafter corrosion: a) earthing rod, b) tape, c) wire
Initial copper thickness d = 250 µm
Initial copper thickness d = 118 µm
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Adherence of coating – is tested in order to check whether the coating has not a tendency to separation when the rod is driven into the ground. It is tested as follows. Pointed rod is being shoved between the vice jaws. Distance between jaws equals the rod diameter decreased by 1.2 mm. When the rod has been shoved, the vice jaws tear off the coating at points where they contact the rod, while the rest of its surface should not exfoliate. Such an adherence enables performing of thread with rolling technique, after copper bonding.
Plasticity of coating – is tested by bending the rod at 180 degre-es. Lack of cracks and exfoliation goes to show high quality of our product.
Our products have been examined and rece-ived positive opinions and certificates allowing their application in many parts of the world:– certificate of UL (Underwriters Laborato-
ries Inc. – USA) allowing the application of our earth rods on the vast majority of world markets,
– certificate of Warsaw Power Industry Institute,
– opinion of the Cable Network Develop-ment Institute that confirms that our earth rods meet the Standard of Polish Telecom no. ZN-95/TP S.A.-037/T and PN-T-45000-2,
– statement of PIMot concerning the co-rrosion resistance of the copper-bonded earth rods,
– expertise of Galmarweld connection strength – Warsaw University of Technology,
– report of Warsaw University of Tech-nology, Faculty of Material Science and Engineering „Tests of corrosion resistance of copper-bonded steel tape and copper-bonded steel earthing rod”,
– report of Warsaw University of Technolo-gy, Faculty of Material Science and En-gineering Tests of corrosion resistance of steel earthing rods, covered with zinc and copper coatings,
– KEMA Quality B.V. tests report of copper- -bonded earthing rods.
Dependence of earth resistance upon drivingdepth
Our system of copper-bonded earth rods provides: a) low investment expenses, b) low exploitation costs.
It could seem that the advanced technology related to copper bonding of the earth rods would result in very high price of the installed earthing. But the practice indicates that the most expensive element of earthing is the cost of installation, not the material which the earthing is made of. Consequently, the cost of installed Galmar earthing is similar to, and in many cases lower than cost of systems used so far. Due to ability to join rods into as long sections as desired, we can drive the rod down to 30 meters to make it independent of any atmospheric conditions which cause increment of soil resistivity (frosts and dro-ughts), and at the same time an increase in the earth resistance.
Deep driving allows to achieve the requ-ired earth resistance with minimal number of earthing points. To obtain the same va-lue of resistance using short vertical rods, 6 meters or less, the earthing must be si-gnificantly extended and cover large area, what increases expenses many times. In urban areas, application of our vertical ear-thing rods eliminates problems connected with the need to remove asphalt or boulder pavements. The diagrams present the situation that has taken place in Zamość city, where 2 Ω of earth resistance have been achieved. As it shows, this value has been obtained by using Galmar rods, only
at one point, at the depth of 12 meters. When using the 3 meters deep rods, the required value has been obtained with 15 points.
Diagram presents application of Galmar rod,12 meters long (material: 1 piece x 12 metersof Galmar earthing)
Diagram presents application of steel earthrods and tape buried at depth 0.8 m (material:42 m of tape, 15 piece x 3 meters steel rods)
hot galvanized rod
6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
time [years]
42
copper-bonded rod with coating 0.250 mm
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
% c
orro
sion rate of corrosion affecting
copper bonded rod equals 1/6of corrosion affecting steel.We reach that level by applyingvery tight copper coating
Corrosion of two kinds of rods in given periodsof time
Galmar products quality
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Galmar products quality
Galmarweld system – exothermic welding
The new way to connect two metals is an exothermic welding – Galmarweld. This me-thod allows welding copper to copper, copper to steel, copper to galvanized steel, metals with the same as well as different structures and is one of the best and permanent solu-tions. The Galmarweld exothermic system makes possible to form electrical molecular bonds, highly resistant to corrosion which can be used for earthing, lightning, cathodic protection, railway traction’s, signalling, etc. This is a simple and fast method to obtain a permanent connection.
To make a connection you need a per-fectly made graphite mold and a cartridge with a special powder. You place the end of cleaned earth rod (Galmar rod), earthing conductor and special powder in the mold. After closing a lid, ignite starting powder with a flint gun from side sparking and the fusion reaction takes place which causes powder is molten first forming a liquid and then after cooling down a permanent connection.
As a result of the exothermic fusion reaction, the part of powder components is burnt so the cartridge mass left which forms a connection has over 95% of copper. The temperature for the spark ignition of pro-cess starter (phosphorus) is about 450OC.
The temperature for the ignition of copper/basic materials reaction is about 950OC. And finally, the temperature for exothermic process exceeds 2000OC.
Some tests were made for the series of welding connections at Warsaw University of Technology. The principle was to co nduct to each welded element: three current surges of the shape 8/20 µs and of the amplitude increased from 26 to 52 kA and two oscil-latory current surges of the maximum value
Result of Galmarweld: Galmar earth rod-tape
Exothermic welding reaction
Elements of Galmarweld system
Galmar Resistivity – lowering resistance to earth
Difficulties connected with making ear-thing installations in the ground where its resistivity is very high induced Galmar to introduce a new product. This product – in many cases – allows to solve such a pro-blem. Galmar Resistivity is a fine powder that increases the surface area of the ear-thing electrode thus reducing resistance to ground. Additionally, usage of this product lowers surge impedance significantly.
Due to the fact that application of Galmar Resistivity will cause the increase in the total cost of earthing installation, therefore it is recommended mainly in rocky soils where other methods are not effective. The graphs show the Galmar Resistivity influence on a change in resistance to earth. When a powder is used as a backfill for earth elec-trode it lowers both these parameters, and in case of earth resistance a drop comes even to 70%.
Galmar Resistivity is applicable to both vertical and horizontal earth electrodes. It can be installed as a dry powder surroun-ding the earthing electrode. Galmar Resisti-vity absorbs moisture from the soil and har-dens to become a solid conductive electrode. It may also be mixed with water and applied as a mortal if desired.
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0 5 10 15 20
Galmar Resistivity electrodeof dia. 150 mm
Galmar Resistivity electrodeof dia. 75 mm
depth of earth electrode [m]
decr
ease
in e
arth
res
ista
nce
[%]
Average influence of Galmar Resistivity on changing vertical electrode resistance
Galmar Resistivity benefits:– provides ideal contact with the surrounding
soil on the whole electrode surface, – reduces resistance to earth even to
scores of percent, – lowers surge impedance, – reduces corrosion of earth electrode
significantly, – easy to install anywhere, – environmentally safe, – prevents earth electrode theft.
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How to recognize original Galmar rods?
1. trade mark on the rod
2. thread rolled after copper-plating = thread diameter bigger than rod diameter
3. conical ends of the rod not covered with copper
ranging from 100 to 105 kA. The resistance for each welded connection was measured before and after the surge tests on the distan-ce along which a surge current was passed. The measured resistance value ranged from 0.26 m to 0.43 m, and was not changed under the surge current tests.
Considering the above, one can ascer-tain that:– the currents use for testing of the welding
connections were comparable (in 95% of cases) to real values of atmospheric discharge currents in respect of their shape and amplitude,
– in any of tested cases (three current surges 8/20 µs and of the amplitude 26-52 kA and two oscillatory current surges of the amplitudes 100-105 kA), no sparking occurred on the welds as well as no damages to the connections and no change in their resistance value,
– the connections made with a Galmarweld technology can be used to connect a light-ning protection to earth rods without any fear that could be destroyed by lightning discharge currents which in real condi-tions are usually dissipated on different parts of a lightning conductor (device).
Galmarweld welds advantages:– high current-carrying capacity,– high current surge resistance,– sparkless connections,– stable transition resistance,– high corrosion resistance,– good mechanical parameters,– short time to make a connection (up to
8 minutes),– lightweight necessary equipment (no
more than 3 kg),– no special skills to perform and no quali-
fications required.
3 ways of Galmar rods identifications:
Galmar products quality
www.galmar.pl 73
Index
GA00 03 27GA00 10 27GA00 11 27GA00 12 27GA00 15 28GBB1-203 56GBB1-203S 56GBB1-223 56GBB1-223S 56GBB1-253 56GBB1-253S 56GBB1-254 56GBB1-254S 56GBB1-304 56GBB1-304S 56GBB1-404 56GBB1-404S 56GBB1-505 56GBB1-505S 56GBB1-506 56GBB1-506S 56GBB3-203203 56GBB3-203203S 56GBB3-223223 56GBB3-223223S 56GBB3-253253 56GBB3-253253S 56GBB3-254254 56GBB3-254254S 56GBB3-304304 56GBB3-304304S 56GBB3-404404 56GBB3-404404S 56GBB3-505505 56GBB3-505505S 56GBB3-506506 56GBB3-506506S 56GBB7-203 57GBB7-203S 57GBB7-223 57GBB7-223S 57GBB7-253 57GBB7-253S 57GBB7-254 57GBB7-254S 57GBB7-304 57GBB7-304S 57GBB7-404 57GBB7-404S 57GBB7-505 57GBB7-505S 57GBB7-506 57GBB7-506S 57GBB40-253253 57GBB40-253253S 57GBB40-254254 57GBB40-254254S 57GBB40-304304 57GBB40-304304S 57GBB41-203203 57GBB41-203203S 57GBB41-254254 57GBB41-254254S 57GBB41-304304 57GBB41-304304S 57GBB41-404404 57GBB41-404404S 57GBB41CH-304304 58GBB41CH-304304S 58GBR2-142203 48GBR2-142203S 48GBR2-142223 48GBR2-142223S 48
GBR2-142253 48GBR2-142253S 48GBR2-142254 48GBR2-142254S 48GBR2-142304 48GBR2-142304S 48GBR2-142404 48GBR2-142404S 48GBR2-142506 48GBR2-142506S 48GBR2-172203 48GBR2-172203S 48GBR2-172223 48GBR2-172223S 48GBR2-172253 48GBR2-172253S 48GBR2-172404 48GBR2-172404S 48GBR2-172505 48GBR2-172505S 48GBR2-172506 48GBR2-172506S 48GBR3-142203 49GBR3-142203S 49GBR3-142223 49GBR3-142223S 49GBR3-142253 49GBR3-142253S 49GBR3-142254 49GBR3-142254S 49GBR3-142304 49GBR3-142304S 49GBR3-142404 49GBR3-142404S 49GBR3-142505 49GBR3-142505S 49GBR3-142506 49GBR3-142506S 49GBR3-172223 49GBR3-172223S 49GBR3-172253 49GBR3-172253S 49GBR3-172254 49GBR3-172254S 49GBR3-172304 49GBR3-172304S 49GBR3-172404 49GBR3-172404S 49GBR3-172505 49GBR3-172505S 49GBR3-172506 49GBR3-172506S 49GBR7-128203 50GBR7-128203S 50GBR7-128254 50GBR7-128254S 50GBR7-128304 50GBR7-128304S 50GBR7-128404 50GBR7-128404S 50GBR7-142203 50GBR7-142203S 50GBR7-142254 50GBR7-142254S 50GBR7-142304 50GBR7-142304S 50GBR7-142404 50GBR7-142404S 50GBR7-172203 50GBR7-172203S 50GBR7-172254 50GBR7-172254S 50GBR7-172304 50
GBR7-172304S 50GBR7-172404 50GBR7-172404S 50GBR9-128203 51GBR9-128203S 51GBR9-128254 51GBR9-128254S 51GBR9-128304 51GBR9-128304S 51GBR9-128404 51GBR9-128404S 51GBR9-142203 51GBR9-142203S 51GBR9-142254 51GBR9-142254S 51GBR9-142304 51GBR9-142304S 51GBR9-142404 51GBR9-142404S 51GBR9-172203 51GBR9-172203S 51GBR9-172254 51GBR9-172254S 51GBR9-172304 51GBR9-172304S 51GBR9-172404 51GBR9-172404S 51GBR17-128203 52GBR17-128203S 52GBR17-128254 52GBR17-128254S 52GBR17-128304 52GBR17-128304S 52GBR17-128404 52GBR17-128404S 52GBR17-142203 52GBR17-142203S 52GBR17-142254 52GBR17-142254S 52GBR17-142304 52GBR17-142304S 52GBR17-142404 52GBR17-142404S 52GBR17-172203 52GBR17-172203S 52GBR17-172254 52GBR17-172254S 52GBR17-172304 52GBR17-172304S 52GBR17-172404 52GBR17-172404S 52GBR18-142203 53GBR18-142203S 53GBR18-142223 53GBR18-142223S 53GBR18-142253 53GBR18-142253S 53GBR18-142254 53GBR18-142254S 53GBR18-142304 53GBR18-142304S 53GBR18-142404 53GBR18-142404S 53GBR18-142505 53GBR18-142505S 53GBR18-142506 53GBR18-142506S 53GBR18-172223 53GBR18-172223S 53GBR18-172253 53GBR18-172253S 53GBR18-172254 53GBR18-172254S 53
Cat. no. Page Cat. no. Page Cat. no. Page Cat. no. Page Cat. no. Page
GBR18-172304 53GBR18-172304S 53GBR18-172404 53GBR18-172404S 53GBR18-172505 53GBR18-172505S 53GBR18-172506 53GBR18-172506S 53GBR19-128203 54GBR19-128203S 54GBR19-128254 54GBR19-128254S 54GBR19-128304 54GBR19-128304S 54GBR19-128404 54GBR19-128404S 54GBR19-142203 54GBR19-142203S 54GBR19-142254 54GBR19-142254S 54GBR19-142304 54GBR19-142304S 54GBR19-142404 54GBR19-142404S 54GBR19-172203 54GBR19-172203S 54GBR19-172254 54GBR19-172254S 54GBR19-172304 54GBR19-172304S 54GBR19-172404 54GBR19-172404S 54GBS1-203 63GBS1-203S 63GBS1-253 63GBS1-253S 63GBS1-254 63GBS1-254S 63GBS1-304 63GBS1-304S 63GBS1-404 63GBS1-404S 63GBS2-203 63GBS2-203S 63GBS2-223 63GBS2-223S 63GBS2-253 63GBS2-253S 63GBS2-254 63GBS2-254S 63GBS2-304 63GBS2-304S 63GBS2-404 63GBS2-404S 63GBS2-505 63GBS2-505S 63GBS2-506 63GBS2-506S 63GCB2-223∅8 60GCB2-223∅8S 60GCB2-223S50 60GCB2-223S50S 60GCB2-253∅8 60GCB2-253∅8S 60GCB2-253S50 60GCB2-253S50S 60GCB2-254∅8 60GCB2-254∅8S 60GCB2-254S50 60GCB2-254S50S 60GCB2-254S70 60GCB2-254S70S 60GCB2-304∅8 60
GCB2-304∅8S 60GCB2-304S50 60GCB2-304S50S 60GCB2-304S70 60GCB2-304S70S 60GCB2-404∅8 60GCB2-404∅8S 60GCB2-404S70 60GCB2-404S70S 60GCB2-404S95 60GCB2-404S95S 60GCB2-505S95 60GCB2-505S95S 60GCB2-505S120 60GCB2-505S120S 60GCB2-506S95 60GCB2-506S95S 60GCB2-506S120 60GCB2-506S120S 60GCB4-223∅8 61GCB4-223∅8S 61GCB4-223S50 61GCB4-223S50S 61GCB4-253∅8 61GCB4-253∅8S 61GCB4-253S50 61GCB4-253S50S 61GCB4-254∅8 61GCB4-254∅8S 61GCB4-254S50 61GCB4-254S50S 61GCB4-254S70 61GCB4-254S70S 61GCB4-304∅8 61GCB4-304∅8S 61GCB4-304S50 61GCB4-304S50S 61GCB4-304S70 61GCB4-304S70S 61GCB4-404∅8 61GCB4-404∅8S 61GCB4-404∅12 61GCB4-404∅12S 61GCB4-404S70 61GCB4-404S70S 61GCB4-404S95 61GCB4-404S95S 61GCB4-505S95 61GCB4-505S95S 61GCB4-505S120 61GCB4-505S120S 61GCB4-506S95 61GCB4-506S95S 61GCB4-506S120 61GCB4-506S120S 61GCB5-223∅8 62GCB5-223∅8S 62GCB5-223S50 62GCB5-223S50S 62GCB5-253∅8 62GCB5-253∅8S 62GCB5-253S50 62GCB5-253S50S 62GCB5-254∅8 62GCB5-254∅8S 62GCB5-254S50 62GCB5-254S50S 62GCB5-254S70 62GCB5-254S70S 62GCB5-304∅8 62GCB5-304∅8S 62GCB5-304∅10 62GCB5-304∅10S 62
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Cat. no. Page
GCB5-304S50 62GCB5-304S50S 62GCB5-304S70 62GCB5-304S70S 62GCB5-404∅8 62GCB5-404∅8S 62GCB5-404S70 62GCB5-404S70S 62GCB5-404S95 62GCB5-404S95S 62GCB5-505S95 62GCB5-505S95S 62GCB5-505S120 62GCB5-505S120S 62GCB5-506S95 62GCB5-506S95S 62GCB5-506S120 62GCB5-506S120S 62GCC1-∅8∅8 58GCC1-∅10∅10 58GCC1-∅12∅12 58GCC1-S16S16 58GCC1-S25S25 58GCC1-S50S50 58GCC1-S70S70 58GCC1-S95S95 58GCC1-S120S120 58GCC2-∅8∅8 58GCC2-∅10∅10 58GCC2-S16S16 58GCC2-S25S25 58GCC2-S50S25 58GCC2-S50S50 58GCC2-S70S25 58GCC2-S70S50 58GCC2-S70S70 58GCC2-S95S25 58GCC2-S95S50 58GCC2-S95S70 58GCC2-S95S95 58GCC2-S120∅12 58GCC2-S120S50 58GCC2-S120S70 58GCC2-S120S95 58GCC2-S120S120 58GCC4-∅8∅8 59GCC4-∅12∅10 59GCC4-S16S16 59GCC4-S25S25 59GCC4-S50S25 59GCC4-S50S50 59GCC4-S70S25 59GCC4-S70S50 59GCC4-S70S70 59GCC4-S95S25 59GCC4-S95S70 59GCC4-S95S95 59GCC4-S120S50 59GCC4-S120S70 59GCC4-S120S95 59GCC4-S120S120 59GCC11-∅6∅6 59GCC11-∅8∅8 59GCC11-S16S16 59GCC11-S50S50 59GCC11-S120S120 59GCR1-142∅8 54GCR1-142S25 54GCR1-142S50 54GCR1-142S70 54GCR1-142S95 54GCR1-142S120 54GCR1-172∅8 54
Cat. no. Page
GCR1-172S25 54GCR1-172S50 54GCR1-172S70 54GCR1-172S95 54GCR1-172S120 54GCR2-142∅6 55GCR2-142∅8 55GCR2-142S16 55GCR2-142S25 55GCR2-142S50 55GCR2-142S70 55GCR2-142S95 55GCR2-142S120 55GCR2-172∅6 55GCR2-172∅8 55GCR2-172S16 55GCR2-172S25 55GCR2-172S50 55GCR2-172S70 55GCR2-172S95 55GCR2-172S120 55GCR3-128∅6 55GCR3-128∅8 55GCR3-128S16 55GCR3-128S50 55GCR3-142∅6 55GCR3-142∅8 55GCR3-142S16 55GCR3-142S50 55GCR3-172∅6 55GCR3-172∅8 55GCR3-172S16 55GCR3-172S50 55GCS1-∅8 59GCS1-S50 59GCS1-S70 59GCS1-S95 59GCS1-S120 59GCS3-∅8 60GCS3-S16 60GCS3-S25 60GCS3-S50 60GCS3-S70 60GCS3-S95 60GCS3-S120 60GFF 15 64GFF 25 64GFF 32 58, 64GFF 45 56-62, 64GFF 65 54, 56-59, 61-64GFF 90 48, 50-52, 54-64GFF 106 48-64GFF 107 48-49, 53, 56-57, 63-64GFF 108 64GFF 109 64 GFF 115 48-64GFF 150 48-64GFF 200 48-51, 53-54, 56-59, 62-64GFF 250 48, 56-57, 64GFF 500 64GN00 02 28G000 01 18G000 03 18G000 06 18G000 07 18G000 08 18G000 11 18G000 11M 19G000 13 18G000 14M 19G000 16 18
Cat. no. Page
G000 19 18G000 19M 19G000 20 18G000 21 18G000 22M 19G000 23 18G000 23M 19G000 27 18G000 35 18G000 35M 19G000 37 18G000 38M 19G000 44 18G000 48 18G000 64M 19G000 72 17G000 75 17G000 85 17G000 86 17G100 01 15G100 02 15G100 03 15G100 04 15G100 05 15G100 11 15G100 12 15G100 13 15G100 14 15G100 15 15G100 21 15G100 22 15G100 23 15G100 24 15G100 25 15G100 51 20G100 98 20G101 02 20G101 03 20G101 28 20G103 05N 24G103 06 21G103 07 21G103 08 21G103 09 21G103 10 21G103 13 21G103 14 21G103 15 21G103 16 21G103 17 21G103 18 21G103 19 21G103 21 21G103 22 21G103 27 24G103 28N 23G103 29N 23G103 30N 24G103 31N 24G103 32N 22G103 33N 22G103 42N 24G103 43 18G103 44 18G103 45 18G103 46 18G103 52 23G103 53 23G103 54 26G103 55 26G103 56 26G103 57 26G103 58 26
Cat. no. Page
G103 69N 23G103 70N 23G103 72N 23G103 73N 23G103 78N 23G103 79N 23G103 81 22G103 82 22G103 83 22G103 84 22G103 85 22G103 86 22G103 87 22G103 95N 22G103 96N 22G104 01 15G104 02 15G104 03 15G104 04 18G104 07 18G104 10 18G104 11 15G104 12 15G104 13 15G104 14BG 19G104 15BG 19G104 16BG 19G104 51 20G104 97 20G104 98 20G106 01 16G106 02 16G106 03 16G106 07 19G106 08 19G106 09 19G106 11 28G106 12 28G106 51 20G106 97 20G106 98 20G107 01 29G107 02 29G107 03 28G107 04 25G108 01 16G108 02 16G108 03 16G108 51 20G108 75 17G108 85 17G108 97 20G108 98 20G109 01 16G109 04 19G109 05 19G109 06 19G109 07 16G109 08 16G109 75 17G109 76 17G109 77 17G109 85 17G109 86 17G109 87 17G110 02(100M) 30G110 03(25M) 30G110 03(50M) 30 G110 11(20M) 30G110 11(50M) 30G110 12(40M) 30G110 18(40M) 30G110 20(40M) 30
Cat. no. Page
G110 22(20M) 30G110 23 30G110 24 31G110 25 31G110 26 31G110 27 31G110 28 31G110 43 21G110 43S 21G110 44 21G110 45 21G110 46 21G110 47 21G110 48 21G110 49 21G110 50 33G110 51 33G110 52 33G110 53 33G110 54 33G110 55 33G110 56 33G110 57 31G110 65(40M) 30G110 72(60M) 30G110 73(40M) 30G110 74(30M) 30G110 75(30M) 30G110 77(20M) 30G110 78(30M) 30G110 91(60M) 30G110 92(40M) 30G110 93(30M) 30G110 94(30M) 30G110 95(30M) 30G110 96(20M) 30G111 02 32G111 03 32G111 03(20M) 32G111 03(60M) 32G111 06 32G111 07 32G111 08 32G111 09 32G111 10 32G111 11 32G111 12 32G111 13 32G111 14 32G111 15 32G111 16 32G111 17 32G111 18 32G111 19 32G111 20 32G111 21 32G111 22 32G111 23 32G111 24 32G111 25 32G111 26 32G111 27 32G111 35 33G111 36 33G111 37 33G111 38 33G111 39 33G111 40 33G111 41 33G111 42 33G111 43 33G111 44 33G111 49 31
Index
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Cat. no. Page
G111 49(20M) 31G111 49(60M) 31G111 49(80M) 31G111 50(20M) 31G111 50(50M) 31G111 80 31G111 80(20M) 31G111 80(60M) 31G111 80(80M) 31G111 81(20M) 31G111 81(50M) 31G112 01 26G112 02 26G113 01 25G114 01 25G114 02 25G114 02A 25G114 04 25G114 06 25G114 07 25G114 08 25G115 01 40G115 02 38G115 06 39G115 07 39G115 08 39G115 09 40G115 10 38G115 13 37G115 14 37G115 16 43G115 19 35G115 20 35G115 21 35G115 22 35G115 23 35G115 23M 35G115 25 35G115 26 36G115 27 36G115 28 35G115 29 35G115 32 38G115 33 38G115 34 38G115 36 41G115 45 42G115 45A 42G115 45M 42G115 48 42G115 49 42G115 49M 42G115 50 42G115 51 38G115 51A 38G115 51M 39G115 57 39G115 61 42G115 62 40G115 62A 40G115 62M 40G115 63A 41G115 63M 41G115 64A 36G115 64M 36G115 65A 36G115 65M 36G115 68A 37G115 68M 37G115 71A 37G115 71M 37G115 73 35G115 74 35
Cat. no. Page
G115 76 39G115 77 39G115 78 39G115 79 43G115 80 43G115 81 43G115 82 43G115 83 43G115 84 43G115 85 43G115 86 38G115 87 39G115 88 41G115 89 41G115 90 41G115 91 39G115 92 39G115 93 39G116 06M 42G116 09M 42G116 14 37G117 03A 40G117 03M 40G117 04A 40G117 04M 40G117 10 37G117 11 37G117 13 37G117 37A 36G117 37M 36G117 47A 36G117 47M 36G117 51A 39G117 51M 39G118 08 41G118 08A 41G119 01 43G119 02 43G119 02B 43G119 03 43G119 08 34G119 09 44G120 00 46G120 01 46G120 02 47G120 03 47G120 05 45G120 06 45G120 07 45G120 08 45G120 09 45G120 10 45G120 17 45G120 18 45G120 19 45G120 20 45G120 21 45G120 22 45G120 23 45G120 24 45G120 25 45G120 26 45G120 27 45G120 28 46G120 29 46G120 30 46G120 31 46G120 32 46G120 33 46G120 34 46G120 35 46G120 36 46G120 37 46
Cat. no. Page
G120 38 46G120 39 46G120 40 46G120 41 45G120 42 45G120 43 45G120 44 45G120 45 45G120 46 45G120 61 45G120 62 45G120 63 45G120 64 45G120 65 45G120 66 45G120 67 45G120 68 45G120 69 45G120 70 45G120 71 45G120 72 45G120 73 46G120 74 46G120 75 46G120 76 46G120 77 46G120 78 46G120 79 46G120 80 46G120 81 46G120 82 46G120 83 46G120 84 46G200 19 44G200 22 34G200 23 34G200 24 44G200 24A 44G200 33A 34G211 01G 34G211 02G 34G211 03G 34G211 04G 34G211 05G 34G211 07 34G211 08 34G211 09 34G211 10 34G211 11 34G211 12 34G211 13 34G212 01 34G212 02 34G212 06 34G212 07 34G212 08 34
Index