earth science skills powerpoint
TRANSCRIPT
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Costa’s Levels of Questioning and Thinking
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Why use Costa’s?
A way to deeper understand material. Design challenging questions to test
your self. Has three levels Easy to learn
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Level 1 – Book Only
Answers can be found in the text Texts can be books, notes, articles, etc. Concrete questions asking for facts only
about what was read or heard Information is recalled the way it was
heard
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Level 1 Words
List Define State
Describe Give Examples
Explain Locate
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Level 2 – Book and Brain
Answer can be inferred from text More abstract, but still relies on facts Brain has to use the facts to combine
information in a new way Information can be broken down into
parts Examining in detail Making inferences Decision-making
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Level 2 Words
Compare and contrast
Diagram Practice Illustrate
Solve
Outline Write Select Draw
Analyze
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Level 3 – Brain Only
Answer goes beyond the text Question is abstract and does not rely on
text Judgments are made from information Opinions may be given and justified
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Level 3 Words
Judge Predict
Prove your answer Explain your answer
Conclude Justify Apply
Imagine
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Practice
Remember the story of the Three Little Pigs???
We are going to use that to work with Costa’s Levels of Questioning
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Safety in the Science Laboratory
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Lab Safety: Everyone is Responsible!
* “I didn’t mean to” and “It wasn’t my fault” are two statements that have no place in the lab.* Horse-play won’t be tolerated.* Be prepared. Read the lab steps and procedures before beginning any lab. * Listen to the instructor’s directions and ask questions if you don’t understand.
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No playing around in the Lab!
* No playing, pushing, shoving* Serious accidents could occur: cuts, burns* Horseplay will result in a 0 for your lab grade.* Disciplinary action will be taken for improper procedures* May be excluded from future labs.
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Two things to remember in the Science Lab* Follow proper techniques* Use common sense
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Potential Hazards in the Lab
• Fire• Severe burns to body• Corrosive or poisonous
substances• Glassware breakage
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Know where safety devices are located
* Fire extinguishers* Fire blanket* Emergency shower* Eyewash* Exit doors* Telephone
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Basic, safe laboratory practices are expected of all students!!!
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Eye Protection
* Safety goggles or glasses must be worn at all times in the laboratory.
* Contact lenses should not be worn in the lab or wear special goggles
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Personal Safety Rules
* Long hair needs to be tied back* Bulky clothing or loose fitting sleeves should not be worn* No open toed shoes* Low hanging jewelry can catch on things and should not be worn in the lab
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Safety rules to remember* To protect clothing from chemical damage, wear a lab apron* Do not have extra papers not needed on the lab table while working with the Bunsen burner or other lab equipment*In case of injury (cut, burn, fire, etc) notify the instructor immediately* Never work in the lab without proper supervision
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Testing of odors
* Do not smell the beaker directly
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To test odor, carefully wave the vapor from the beaker toward your nose with your hand. Keep the beaker quite a distance from your face.
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Heating a test tube
* Hold the test tube end away from your face and others
* Wave the test tube gently back and forth across the flame to help prevent spattering
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Lab Station Clean-up* Dispose of chemicals as directed by the instructor* NEVER put unused chemicals back into their original container* Return any chemicals to the designated area* Wash and dry all glassware* Clean and dry your lab table* Wash your hands with antibacterial soap
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Successful Labs
* Be prepared and read directions* Use lab equipment properly* Perform lab techniques properly* Clean up your lab station area* Complete the lab report as directed and answer all questions
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Earth Science Mr. Miller
J17
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Essential Question What is studied in Earth Science
and Environmental Science?
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History of Science Science is a system of knowledge and the
method used to find knowledge.
It all starts with curiosity which provides questions
Often it ends with discovery.
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Science and Technology Technology is the use of knowledge to
solve practical problems. Both depend on each other Advances in one lead to advances in the
other. Goal of Science: Advance Knowledge Goal of Technology: Apply Knowledge
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Earth Science Name for the group of sciences that deals
with Earth and its neighbors in space Four Branches
Geology – Study of Earth Oceanography – Study of sea water, coastal
processes, seafloor, and marine life Meteorology – Study of atmosphere and
processes that produce weather and climate Astronomy – Study of the universe
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Four Spheres of Earth Hydrosphere: ~72% of the Earth is H2O
(97% salt, 3% fresh) Less than 1% is useable
Atmosphere: thin, gaseous layer surrounding Earth
Geosphere: layer of Earth beneath the atmosphere and oceans Three Layers – Core, Mantle, Crust
Biosphere: includes all life on Earth Extends from ocean floor up several km into the
atmosphere
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Spheres Cont. Hydrosphere
Atmosphere
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Spheres Cont. Geosphere Biosphere
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Earth as a System These spheres work
together as a system. Energy & matter flow
into and out of the system
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Two Sources of Energy for the Earth Sun: drives external processes in the
atmosphere, hydrosphere, & at Earth’s surface weather, climate, ocean circulation, erosion
Earth’s interior: drives internal processes volcanoes, earthquakes, & mountain building
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Environmental Science The study of how humans interact with the
environment. Major focus is solving environmental
problems Pollution Resource Depletion (Search for Energy) Extinction
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Scientific Measurements
Essential Question: What is the metric system and how
does the United States differ in the way we measure things?
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What is a measurement?
• Precise observation based on numerical descriptions
• Must be accurate and reproducible
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Scientific Measurement
• The unit is half the answer.
• The number should be in proper form.– Decimal form is the
proper form.
5 1/2 5.5 g
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What’s the big deal about the metric system?
• It’s the system of measurement used in science.– Used all around the world – Based on multiples of 10– Includes length, volume, mass, &
temperature
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Types of Measurements
• Length – Distance from 1 point to another– Standard unit is the meter (m)– Common instrument is metric ruler
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Types of Measurements cont..• Volume :The amount of space occupied
by an object– Standard unit for a liquid - liter (L) (graduated cylinder is tool of measure.) (measure to the bottom of the meniscus)– Standard unit for a solid - cm3
(metric ruler is tool of measure)
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Types of Measurements cont..
• Temperature– Amount of heat energy in a substance– Standard unit - Celsius (°C)– Instrument: Celsius thermometer
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Types of Measurements cont....
• Time– Limited period in which an action takes
place– Standard unit: Second (s)– Instrument: Stop Watch, Timer
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Types of Measurements cont..• Mass
– The amount of matter in an object– Standard unit - gram (g)– Instrument: Triple Beam Balance– Remains the same no matter where you
are
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Types of Measurements cont..
– Let's compare mass and weight• Weight
– Force of gravity on an object– Changes with locationNot used by scientists because
of this– Fw = m X g
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Scientific Notation
• Is a way of expressing a value as the product of a number between 1 and 10 and a power of 10.
• Makes very large or very small numbers easier to work with.
• Examples:– 300,000,000 = 3.0 x 108
– 0.00086 = 8.6 x 10-4
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Multiplying and Dividing with Scientific Notation
• Multiply the decimal numbers and add the exponents.– Example:
• (3.0 x 108 m/s)(5.0 x 102) = 15 x 1010 m1.5 x 1011 m
• Divide the decimal numbers and subtract the exponents.– Example:
• (1.5 x 1011 m) = 0.50 x 103 s = 5.0 x 102 s (3.0 x 108 m/s)
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Practice Problems
• Math Practice 1 & 2 on p. 15 of your text book.
• Math Practice 7 & 8 on p. 20 of your text book.