earth observation for monitoring and assessment of the environmental impact of energy use

Earth observation for monitoring and assessment of the environmental impact of energy use


Energy demand will continue to grow

19-04-2023WP7 Project Management 2

Project background

4

Environmental issues increase in complexity and scale!

1940-60 1980-90 2000-10

Complexity & Scale

Indoor AQ Urban AQ Acid Rain Eutro-fication

PM & health

Ozone Climate change

Project objectivesA reliable and sustainable energy supply is a major challenge for Europe, and meeting our energy needs in a sustainable way will be the main challenge of the 21st century

EnerGEO develops a strategy for a global assessment of current and future impacts of the exploitation of energy resources on the environment and ecosystems based on the use of the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) capacities. This strategy is demonstrated for a variety of energy resources worldwide (fossil fuels, biomass, solar and wind energy).

EnerGEO combines:1. Existing energy system models and environmental impact

models2. Existing global earth observation data sets from which

environmental impact indicators as well as energy potential parameters are deduced.

5

IntroductionObjectivesProject logicGEO contextDPSIR framework

in EnerGEOTechnology

assessmentPilotsEnerGEO portalPIAWrap up

Project objectives

4 Pilots were selected for testing and demonstrating the observation system and developed scenarios: Fossil fuels: impact on atmospheric composition and land

degradationBiomass: impact on ecosystems, biodiversity and food

securitySolar energy: select optimum power plant locations and support

electricity grid integrationWind: assess the potential (net) energy, assess

environmental impacts of the substitution of fossil energy by wind power

all pilot outputs will be converted into Environmental Impact Assessments and tentatively integrated through the Platform Integrated Assessment (PIA)

6




7

Project logic




GEO Context

EnerGEO represents a major contribution of the European Commission to GEOSS, in particular to the Societal Benefit Area (SBA) Energy and the GEO-tasks • EN-01 (Energy and Geo-Resources Management) and• SB-05 (Impact Assessment of Human Activities)

By developing a distributed systembased on the recommendations of the GEO-Architecture and Data Committee (ADC), global collection and dissemination ofdata relating to the impact of energy use on the environmentwill be supported.

Contributions to AIP6

8




The SBAs of GEOSS

Biomass - Energy potentials

G4M is used to produce global energy potentials from forestry

EPIC is used to produce global energy potentials from crops

BETHY/DLR uses remote sensing data to derive regional energy potentials from forestry and crops.• Europe• Pakistan• Uganda

Specific attention to validation based on in-situ data

LIDAR assessments

9




Energy potentials from forests as computed with the G4M model. Values in TJ/y/grid cell of 0.5x0.5º. White: no forest. Red: tropical forests and savannahs.

Solar energy: Siting supportThe aim of this part of the solar energy pilot is to provide a web service with information on the best locations to build a solar park. Inputs used are solar radiation, land use, population density, infrastructure, electricity grid, etc. Output is available as maps and as location-specific raster diagrams.

10




Left: examples of input maps (electric grid, population, irradiance) to calculate best sites to locate a solar power plant.Right: example of output of the web service: map with potential for solar power plants and raster diagram for one location.

Wind - LCA Results:

11




Configuration selected: 20 years life time; 40 turbines; high maintenance; high failure rate; fixed & floating foundations.

Technology assessment in energy supply systems

12




Power demand

Conventional power plantsNuclear, coalCCGT, gas

Storage Pumped hydro Compressed Air Energy Storage

Hydrogen

Demand Side ManagementIndustry & households(ongoing research)

Electric vehicles

Heat demand

DC - TransmissionOverhead lines or earth cables

AC - TransmissionSimplified representation of the current high voltage grid

x

BEV/EREV: different charging strategies, V2G.Battery capacity of the vehicle fleet in temporal resolution.

FCEV: flexible on-site H2-generation

Flex. CHP-operation:- heat storage- Peak load boilers

Renewable power

generation potentials

Optimisation module REMixLeast-cost power supply, spatially and temporally explicit

Mo. 30.10 Di. 31.10 Mi. 1.11 Do. 2.11 Fr. 3.11 Sa. 4.11 So. 5.11

Model

Results: Strategies for power generation & storage

Fossil Fuels – Energy Transition

13




Fossil fuel use in power generation will change considerably, impacting temporal variability which is currently neglected in impact assessments

Fossil Fuels – Energy Transition

14




When change in emission timing is included, power plant pollution is more persistent

PIA – Energy Scenarios

15




Four energy scenarios for Europe are defined and will be assessed in the PIA

Fig. ‘Open Europe’ energy scenario, characterised by a relatively large share of electricity from biomass, calculated with the GAINS model.

PIA – Energy Scenarios

16




Four energy scenarios for Europe are defined and will be assessed in the PIA

Renewable energy policies induce extensive co-benefits for mercury abatement due to restructuring of energy system and changes in fuel-mix

-100%

-75%

-50%

-25%

0%

2005 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

relative to 2005

Baseline

Open Europe

Island Europe

Max Ren

LC-MFR

Mercury emissions relative to

2005

Platform for Integrated Assessment: PIA

17




EnerGEO portal – link to GEOSS

18




EnerGEO Portal Architecture is linked to GEOSS Common Infrastructure (GCI)

EnerGEO portal extended to knowledge portal

19




http://www.energeo-project.eu/

Example of web service available through EnerGEO portal: Climate change impact of solar panels (CO2 / KWh)

19-04-2023WP6 Dissemination 20

Summer School

Unlocking the renewable energy potentials for Africa

Makarere University, Uganda, March 4 – 13, 2013

Presentation by Peter Zeil at 13:10

- Application of EO data are many, … - Quantification of added value of EO data- Expansion to

- Global data sets- Other renewable and FF sources (Geothermal, Shale gas)- full suite of technologies (solar, wind)

- Renewable energy modelling should be developed further- Include direct impacts of renewables in integrated

assessment (broader focus than avoided FF)- Assess impacts land use change and biofuels- Fossil fuel impacts should be assessed in more detail as their

role will change, but remain important for the next decades. - Harmonize fate and impact factors in scenario based

assessments and LCA.- Integration and connection to developments in other sectors

Future research needs

19-04-2023WP7 Project Management 21





Thank youhttp://www.energeo-project.eu/

EnerGEO final event

24 & 25 October, 2013

Utrecht, the Netherlands

earth observation for monitoring and assessment of the environmental impact of energy use

Documents